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An effective method for selectively oxidizing benzylic and allylic alcohols, including those deactivated by electron-withdrawing groups, was described with hypervalent iodine (III)/catalytic DDQ under mild conditions. This reaction could be performed smoothly under metal-free conditions, providing green access to corresponding carbonyl compounds. The methodology may be attractive for organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry.

Initial coordinate and simulation input files used for MD simulations and PMF generationsandcorresponding coordinate filesof the final output

BackgroundTo investigate the safety and efficacy of homemade fenestration and chimney techniques for the left subclavian artery (LSA) revascularization during zone 2 thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).MethodsFrom February 2017 to February 2021, 41 patients undergoing fenestration technique (group A) and 42 patients undergoing chimney technique (group B) to preserve the LSA during zone 2 TEVAR were enrolled in the present study. The procedure was indicated for dissections with unsuitable proximal landing zone with refractory pain and hypertension, rupture and malperfusion, and high-risk radiographic features. The baseline characteristics, peri-procedure, and follow-up clinical and radiographic data were recorded and analyzed. The primary endpoint was clinical success, and the secondary endpoints were rupture-free survival, LSA patency, and complications. Aortic remodeling, defined as patency, partial and complete thrombosis of the false lumen, was also analyzed.ResultsTechnical success was achieved in 38 and 41 patients in groups A and B, respectively. Four intervention-related deaths were confirmed, two in each group. Immediate post-procedural endoleaks were detected in two and three patients in group A and B, respectively. No other major complications were found in either group, except for one retrograde type A dissection in group A. During follow-up, the initial clinical success rates were 90.24% and 92.86% in groups A and B, respectively. The primary and secondary mid-term clinical success rates were 87.5% and 90% in group A, and both of them were 92.68% in group B. Rupture-free survival and LSA patency were not significantly different between the two groups. The incidence of complete thrombosis in the aorta distal to the stent graft was 67.65% and 61.11% in groups A and B, respectively.ConclusionsApart from the lower clinical success rate of fenestration technique, both physician-modified techniques are available for LSA revascularization during zone 2 TEVAR and significantly promote favorable aortic remodeling.

IntroductionImproved therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) are desperately needed and require preclinical evaluation in models that capture tumor heterogeneity and intrinsic resistance seen in patients. Epigenetic alterations have been well documented in GBM and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) is amongst the chromatin modifiers implicated in stem cell maintenance, growth and differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 is clinically relevant, with numerous compounds in various phases of preclinical and clinical development, but an evaluation and comparison of LSD1 inhibitors in patient-derived GBM models is lacking.MethodsTo assess concordance between knockdown of LSD1 and inhibition of LSD1 using a prototype inhibitor in GBM, we performed RNA-seq to identify genes and biological processes associated with inhibition. Efficacy of various LSD1 inhibitors was assessed in nine patient-derived glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) lines and an orthotopic xenograft mouse model.ResultsLSD1 inhibitors had cytotoxic and selective effects regardless of GSC radiosensitivity or molecular subtype. In vivo, LSD1 inhibition via GSK-LSD1 led to a delayed reduction in tumor burden; however, tumor regrowth occurred. Comparison of GBM lines by RNA-seq was used to identify genes that may predict resistance to LSD1 inhibitors. We identified five genes that correlate with resistance to LSD1 inhibition in treatment resistant GSCs, in GSK-LSD1 treated mice, and in GBM patients with low LSD1 expression.ConclusionCollectively, the growth inhibitory effects of LSD1 inhibition across a panel of GSC models and identification of genes that may predict resistance has potential to guide future combination therapies.

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have greatly improved cancer treatment, the accuracy of predictive biomarkers for ICI outcomes, such as PD-L1, TMB (tumor mutation burden) or MMR (mismatch repair) deficiency, have not been satisfactory. ARID family members are essential for maintaining the basic process of genomic stability and may serve as novel biomarkers for ICI therapy. A total of 1660 cancer patients who received ICI therapy were included in this pan-cancer analysis. The basic information and TMB values of each patient were collected. Survival analysis based on the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method was performed to explore the relationships between mutations in ARID family members and prognosis in pan-cancer as well as cancer subtypes. Genetic alterations in

A novel type of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified melamine sponges (rGS) filling with paraffin (rGS-pf) is developed for efficient solar-thermal conversion and heat management. The microstructures, filling and holding capacity of paraffin in porous rGS, solar-thermal energy conversion and energy harvesting efficiency of the prepared rGS-pf have been investigated systematically. The content of rGO nanosheets coated on the skeletons of rGS-pf is only 0.11%, while the loading content of paraffin in the rGS-pf is as high as 97.53%. Based on the solar-thermal conversion property of rGO nanosheets in the rGS-pf and the heat storage ability of paraffin in the rGS-pf, the proposed rGS-pf provides excellent performance for heat management. The efficiency of solar-thermal conversion could reach up to 92.5%. The thermo-regulation provided by the proposed rGS-pf is real-time, repeatable and long-term stable. The results in this study provide valuable guidance for developing functional materials for efficient solar-thermal conversion and heat management.

Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified;Stereolithography (SLA), a pioneering additive manufacturing (AM) process, has been widely utilised in various industries. However, the limited mechanical properties of printed parts have prevented SLA from further development in high-value applications. This can be resolved by adding continuous fibres during the SLA process, i.e., directly printing continuous fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites with significantly improved mechanical properties. Also, using AM allows for the fabrication of CFRP composites with customised designs, which is impossible for traditional production methods. However, research on CFRP composites produced by SLA is severely lacking. Therefore, this thesis aims to establish a novel notion for fabricating CFRP composites utilising SLA and investigate the mechanical properties of produced samples. In this thesis, AM process for producing CFRP composites was investigated through a bottomup SLA machine and a top-down digital light processing (DLP) machine with compromised printing parameters. A series of experiments were carried out to examine the effects of postcuring time, printing angle, fibre layout, and fibre volume fraction on the tensile behaviour of printed samples. Fibre pull-out experiments were conducted to determine the interface strength of printed composites in terms of embedded fibre length/area and interface resin. In addition, compact-tension experiments were carried out to study the effects of sample thickness, postcuring time, fibre volume fraction and fibre positioning on fracture toughness. Furthermore, a series of finite element models were developed to simulate and predict the impacts of fibre volume and position on composite mechanical properties. This study revealed that the mechanical properties of printed samples were not affected by the printing direction, and the SLA process can provide sufficient interfacial strength. The printed sample's elastic modulus and tensile strength increased as the fibre volume percentage increased. This study also proved that incorporating a fibre bundle could significantly increase the fracture toughness, especially when the bundle was positioned near the crack tip. Employing a top-down machine enabled more complex fibre configurations and greater interfacial strength than bottom-up machines. For the first time, the dark area problems, a result of light blockage by fibre bundles, were reported and could be overcome by applying the postcuring process. The simulation results were generally in good agreement with the experimental data, demonstrating the capability of the models in forecasting the mechanical performance of composites prior to the actual SLA process. To summarise, the SLA method overcame the limitations of traditional composite manufacturing methods and significantly improved printed parts' mechanical properties. It broadens the material range available for AM composites and represents a significant step forward in developing commercial SLA machines for printing CFRP composites with complex 3D structures.

Historical manuscript processing poses challenges like limited annotated training data and novel class emergence. To address this, we propose a novel One-shot learning-based Text Spotting (OTS) approach that accurately and reliably spots novel characters with just one annotated support sample. Drawing inspiration from cognitive research, we introduce a spatial alignment module that finds, focuses on, and learns the most discriminative spatial regions in the query image based on one support image. Especially, since the low-resource spotting task often faces the problem of example imbalance, we propose a novel loss function called torus loss which can make the embedding space of distance metric more discriminative. Our approach is highly efficient and requires only a few training samples while exhibiting the remarkable ability to handle novel characters, and symbols. To enhance dataset diversity, a new manuscript dataset that contains the ancient Dongba hieroglyphics (DBH) is created. We conduct experiments on publicly available VML-HD, TKH, NC datasets, and the new proposed DBH dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that OTS outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in one-shot text spotting. Overall, our proposed method offers promising applications in the field of text spotting in historical manuscripts.

We analyze the internal cross-section structure and dynamics of inter-halo cosmic-web filaments that connect to massive high-$z$ galaxies. Our analysis is based on a high-resolution \texttt{AREPO} cosmological simulation zooming in on a volume encompassing three filaments of $\sim 1 \, \Mpc$ length feeding three massive haloes of $\sim 10^{12}\,\msun$ at $z \sim 4$, embedded in a large-scale sheet. Each filament is surrounded by a strong cylindrical accretion shock of radius $r_{\rm shock} \sim 50 \kpc$, within which the gas is in virial equilibrium in the potential well set by an isothermal dark-matter filament. The cross-section of the filament can be divided into three radial zones. In the outer ``thermal'' (\textbf{T}) zone, $r \geq 0.65 \, r_{\rm shock}$, the inward gravity and ram-pressure forces from the inflowing gas are over-balanced by outward thermal pressure forces, causing the inflowing gas to decelerate and the shock to expand outwards. In the intermediate ``vortex'' (\textbf{V}) zone, $0.25 \leq r/ r_{\rm shock} \leq 0.65$, the velocity field is dominated by a quadrupolar vortex structure due to offset inflow along the sheet through the post-shock gas. The outward force is provided mainly by centrifugal forces associated with these vortices and, to a lesser extent, by global rotation and thermal pressure, while shear and turbulent forces that are also associated with the vortex structure add to the force inward. The inner ``stream'' (\textbf{S}) zone, $r < 0.25 \, r_{\rm shock}$, is a dense isothermal core defining the cold streams that feed the galaxies, with $T\sim 3 \times 10^4 \, \Kdegree$ and $n_{\rm H}\sim 0.01 \cmc$. The core is formed by an isobaric cooling flow that results from post-shock cooling on a free-fall time, and is associated with a decrease in the outward forces, though the gas within the core exhibits both inflows and outflows. [abridged], 30 pages, 20 figures, submitted to MNRAS

Additional file 1.

Employing a dictionary can efficiently rectify the deviation between the visual prediction and the ground truth in scene text recognition methods. However, the independence of the dictionary on the visual features may lead to incorrect rectification of accurate visual predictions. In this paper, we propose a new dictionary language model leveraging the Scene Image-Text Matching(SITM) network, which avoids the drawbacks of the explicit dictionary language model: 1) the independence of the visual features; 2) noisy choice in candidates etc. The SITM network accomplishes this by using Image-Text Contrastive (ITC) Learning to match an image with its corresponding text among candidates in the inference stage. ITC is widely used in vision-language learning to pull the positive image-text pair closer in feature space. Inspired by ITC, the SITM network combines the visual features and the text features of all candidates to identify the candidate with the minimum distance in the feature space. Our lexicon method achieves better results(93.8\% accuracy) than the ordinary method results(92.1\% accuracy) on six mainstream benchmarks. Additionally, we integrate our method with ABINet and establish new state-of-the-art results on several benchmarks., Comment: Accepted at ICDAR2023

NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors, with low 5-year overall survival rate. Curcumol showed antitumor activity in several cancers, but evidence about its effect on NSCLC remains unclear. In the present study, we found that Curcumol markedly inhibited NSCLC cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Endothelial cells are an important part of tumor microenvironment. Tube formation assay and wound healing assay indicated that A549 derived conditioned medium affected HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). Mechanistically, Curcumol downregulated the expression of SP1 (specificity protein 1) while upregulated miR-125b-5p, followed by decreasing VEGFA expression in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, overexpression of SP1 partially reversed the inhibitory effect of Curcumol on A549 and H1975 cell viability and VEGFA expression. Inhibition of miR-125b-5p presented similar effect. Interestingly, there was mutual modulation between SP1 and miR-125b-5p. Collectively, our study revealed that Curcumol inhibited cell growth and angiogenesis of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo, possibly through SP1/miR-125b-5p/VEGFA regulatory mechanism. These findings may provide effective therapy strategies for NSCLC treatment.

This article presents a self-balancing technique for voltage sharing of series-connected insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Each series IGBT is augmented with an auxiliary switch, which operates in complementary to the main one, and a capacitor in series. When gate signal delays, based on the capacitor voltage feedbacks, are applied to the series modules, the voltage sharing can be balanced. The delays are generated with local controllers without DSP/field-programmable gate array, regardless of the parasitic element distribution, thermal characteristics of the devices, or current amplitudes. Since there is no resistive element in the auxiliary branch, the balancing circuit is low loss. The circuit and the operation modes are provided in detail and illustrated with simulation models. Experimental results with ten series modules at different voltage levels are presented to demonstrate the principle of control, and the performance of the proposed technique.

Due to the strong heterogeneity, the infaust mobility ratio of offshore heavy oil reservoirs and the high cost of produced water treatment, a “green” in-depth profile control technology was proposed, which integrated produced water reinjection and microsphere in-depth profile control and displacement technology. Experimental results show that RGO-PMSs maintained to be spherical and expanded 5.2–6 time after aging 15 days in brine. While the size of RGO-PMSs aggregation increased 15–25 times, which induced the enhancement of plugging efficiency when permeability was higher than 3000 mD. During RGO-PMSs migration in porous media, it could adjust profile by adsorbing on rock surface or forming plugging in the forms of single capture, bridging, and accumulation. Due to the elastic deformation ability of RGO-PMSs, the particles could enter in-depth reservoirs to form plugging and modulate profile. Moreover, RGO-PMSs system injection and subsequent water flooding could enhance the oil recovery in high permeability layer and low permeability layer of 31.3% and 73.5%, respectively in parallels core displacement experiments. It is believed that the proposed produced water injection combined with RGO-PMSs could be a potential “green” candidate for enhancing oil recovery in offshore heavy oil reservoirs.

In this article, the pose regulation control problem of a robotic fish is investigated by formulating it as a Markov decision process (MDP). Such a typical task that requires the robot to arrive at the desired position with the desired orientation remains a challenge, since two objectives (position and orientation) may be conflicted during optimization. To handle the challenge, we adopt the sparse reward scheme, i.e., the robot will be rewarded if and only if it completes the pose regulation task. Although deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can achieve such an MDP with sparse rewards, the absence of immediate reward hinders the robot from efficient learning. To this end, we propose a novel imitation learning (IL) method that learns DRL-based policies from demonstrations with inverse reward shaping to overcome the challenge raised by extremely sparse rewards. Moreover, we design a demonstrator to generate various trajectory demonstrations based on one simple example from a nonexpert helper, which greatly reduces the time consumption of collecting robot samples. The simulation results evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed demonstrator and the state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance of our proposed IL method. Furthermore, we deploy the trained IL policy on a physical robotic fish to perform pose regulation in a swimming tank without/with external disturbances. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed methods in real world. Therefore, we believe this article is a step forward in the field of biomimetic underwater robot learning.

The current study aimed to establish simple and quick quality evaluation method of Chishao based on QAMS. Oxypaeoniflorin is used as a marker in the Chishao root. Based on it, the content of other components could be obtained by establishing the mathematical relationship. UPLC method was used to collect data, and the detection wavelengths were 230nm (benzoic acid, paeoniflorin), 263nm (hydroxy paeoniflorin) 274nm (gallic acid, paeoniflorin, catechin), respectively. The stationary phase was an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C

IntroductionGiven the ageing epidemic of tuberculosis (TB), China is facing an unprecedented opportunity provided by the first clinically approved next-generation TB vaccine Vaccae, which demonstrated 54.7% efficacy for preventing reactivation from latent infection in a phase III trial. We aim to assess the population-level health and economic impacts of introducing Vaccae vaccination to inform policy-makers.MethodsWe evaluated a potential national Vaccae vaccination programme in China initiated in 2024, assuming 20 years of protection, 90% coverage and US$30/dose government contract price. An age-structured compartmental model was adapted to simulate three strategies: (1) no Vaccae; (2) mass vaccination among people aged 15–74 years and (3) targeted vaccination among older adults (60 years). Cost analyses were conducted from the healthcare sector perspective, discounted at 3%.ResultsConsidering postinfection efficacy, targeted vaccination modestly reduced TB burden (~20%), preventing cumulative 8.01 (95% CI 5.82 to 11.8) million TB cases and 0.20 (0.17 to 0.26) million deaths over 2024–2050, at incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$4387 (2218 to 10 085) per disability adjusted life year averted. The implementation would require a total budget of US$22.5 (17.6 to 43.4) billion. In contrast, mass vaccination had a larger bigger impact on the TB epidemic, but the overall costs remained high. Although both preinfection and postinfection vaccine efficacy type might have a maximum impact (>40% incidence rate reduction in 2050), it is important that the vaccine price does not exceed US$5/dose.ConclusionVaccae represents a robust and cost-effective choice for TB epidemic control in China. This study may facilitate the practice of evidence-based strategy plans for TB vaccination and reimbursement decision making.

The plant-specific transcription factors NACs (NAM, ATAF1, 2, CUC), one major transcription factor family, play significant roles in various physiological processes including abiotic stresses. In our study, an NAC gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was cloned and named as StNAC1 for a high-sequence similarity to SlNAC1, a well-known tomato NAC gene regulating multiple stress responses and fruit ripening. StNAC1 gene was significantly induced under salt stress. Then, we constructed StNAC1-overexpressing transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants and obtained three homozygous transgenic lines. The phenotypic analysis results showed that StNAC1-overexpressing transgenic plants had not only higher seed germination and green leaf rates, but also accumulated less ROS and more proline than wide-type plants under salt stress, which resulted in improving transgenic plants salt tolerance. These suggested that StNAC1 gene might function as a positive regulator in plant response to salt stress.

In2O3 spheres were successfully prepared by nitric acid-assisted solvothermal method. The morphology and structure of the products can be controlled by the content of nitric acid. After adding with nitric acid, the sensing performance of In2O3 has been improved. In particular, the In2O3 spheres with partial broken structures prepared with 100 μL nitric acid show high response of 250 to 50 ppm ethanol at the operating temperature of 250 °C and exhibit good selectivity and stability.

Two series of novel o-(biphenyl-3-ylmethoxy)nitrophenyl compounds (A1-31 and B1-17) were designed as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. All compounds showed significant inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 2.7 to 87.4 nM except compound A17, and compound B2 displayed the best activity. Further experiments showed that B2 bound to the PD-L1 protein without obvious toxicity in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Furthermore, B2 significantly promoted interferon-gamma secretion in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Especially, B2 exhibited potent in vivo anticancer efficacy in an LLC-bearing allograft mouse model at a low dose of 5 mg/kg, which was more active than BMS-1018 (tumor growth inhibition rate: 48.5% vs 17.8%). A panel of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that B2 effectively counteracted PD-1-induced immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, thereby triggering antitumor immunity. These results indicate that B2 is a promising PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor worthy of further development.

Background Chronic inflammatory disorders in atrial fibrillation (AF) contribute to the onset of ischemic stroke. Systemic immune inflammation index (SIII) and system inflammation response index (SIRI) are the two novel and convenient measurements that are positively associated with body inflammation. However, little is known regarding the association between SIII/SIRI with the presence of AF among the patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 526 ischemic stroke patients (173 with AF and 353 without AF) were consecutively enrolled in our study from January 2017 to June 2019. SIII and SIRI were measured in both groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the potential association between SIII/SIRI and the presence of AF. Finally, the correlation between hospitalization expenses, changes in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and SIII/SIRI values were measured. Results In patients with ischemic stroke, SIII and SIRI values were significantly higher in AF patients than in non-AF patients (all p p = 0.047; log-transformed SIRI: OR: 6.197, 95% CI = 2.196–17.484, p = 0.001). Finally, a positive correlation between hospitalization expenses, changes in the NIHSS scores and SIII/SIRI were found, which were more significant in patients with AF (all p Conclusions Our study suggests SIII and SIRI are convenient and effective measurements for predicting the presence of AF in patients with ischemic stroke. Moreover, they were correlated with increased financial burden and poor short-term prognosis in AF patients presenting with ischemic stroke.

A novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES), consisted of choline chloride, oxalic acid and ethylene glycol, was developed as a green, low-cost and recyclable pretreatment system for multi-stage utilization of Eucommia ulmoides seed shells. Under optimum conditions, 79.7 % hemicellulose and 65.6 % lignin were quickly removed while 84.0 % cellulose was retained. After DES pretreatment, the yield and purity of gutta-percha achieved 85.1 mg/g and 96.2 %, which increased 1.4 and 1.8 folds higher than that of un-treatment ones. Meanwhile, 69.1 % enzymatic digestibility of cellulose was obtained, that was 2.3 folds higher than that of raw substrates. Moreover, 53.6 % low-condensation lignin with aromatic structures and valuable aryl-ether linkages was well collected. Importantly, the DES that has been recycled five runs can still remove 73.9 % hemicellulose and 58.0 % lignin. Overall, the DES was determined to efficiently promote the separation and conversion of high-quality gutta-percha, value-added lignin and high-yield glucose from Eucommia ulmoides seed shells.

Rare earth (La, Pr, Sm, Ce and Yb)-doped porous In2O3 nanosheets are prepared by a solvothermal method. The effect of rare earth elements on the structure, morphologies and gas-sensing performance of In2O3 nanosheets is systematically investigated. The mixed phase composed of c-In2O3 and rh-In2O3 can be transformed into rh-In2O3 by doping with rare earth elements. After doping with rare earth elements, the morphology can be changed from compact nanosheets to porous sheets. Compared with pure In2O3 and La, Pr, Sm, Ce-doped porous In2O3 nanosheets, Yb-doped In2O3 nanosheets present the best gas-sensing performance. Among 3%–10% Yb-doped samples, 6% Yb-doped In2O3 porous nanosheets exhibit the optimal gas-sensing performance to 5 × 10−6–750 × 10−6 acetone, giving a high response of 15.3 toward 50 × 10−6 acetone and fast response/recovery time at the operating temperature of 220 °C. Moreover, 6% Yb-doped porous In2O3 nanosheet sensor also exhibits excellent selectivity and stability, indicating its potential in the next-generation gas sensor.

In this paper, the leader-following consensus problem is investigated by event-triggered control for multi-agent systems subject to time-varying actuator faults. Firstly, for a case of the leader without control input, a distributed event-triggered fault-tolerant protocol is proposed with the help of adaptive gains. Secondly, the proposed protocol is developed by an auxiliary nonlinear function to compensate the effect of the leader’s unknown bounded input. It is shown that under the both obtained protocols the tracking errors converge to an adjustable neighborhood around the origin, meanwhile the Zeno behavior is avoided. Moreover, the protocols are fully distributed in sense that any global information associated with the network is no longer utilized. Finally, numerical examples are presented to show the validity of the obtained protocols.

The theory of cold–hot nature of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) is the core theory of CHM. It has been found that the volatile oil ingredients in CHMs are closely related to their cold–hot nature. Guided by the scientific hypothesis that “CHMs with similar component substances should have similar medicinal natures”, exploration of the intelligent identification of the cold–hot nature of CHMs based on the similarity of their volatile oil ingredients has become a research focus. Gas chromatography (GC) chemical fingerprints have been widely used in the separation of volatile oil ingredients to analyze the cold–hot nature of CHMs. To verify the above hypothesis, in this work, we study the quantification of the similarity of the volatile oil ingredients of CHMs to their fingerprint similarity and explore the relationship between the volatile oil ingredients of CHMs and their cold–hot nature. In this study, we utilize GC technology to analyze the chemical ingredients of 61 CHMs that have a clear cold–hot nature (including 30 ‘cold’ CHMs and 31 ‘hot’ CHMs). Using the constructed fingerprint dataset of CHMs, a distance metric learning algorithm is applied to measure the similarity of the GC fingerprints. Furthermore, an improved k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm is proposed to build a predictive identification model to identify the cold–hot nature of CHMs. The experimental results prove our inference that CHMs with similar component substances should have similar medicinal natures. Compared with existing classical models, the proposed identification scheme has better predictive performance. The proposed prediction model is proved to be effective and feasible.

Graphene oxide (GO) membranes have shown enormous promise in desalination and molecular/ionic sieving. However, the instability of GO membranes in aqueous solutions seriously hinders their practical applications. Herein, we report a novel and simple strategy to fabricate stable GO membranes in water-based environments through the insertion of various metal cations from metal foils (e.g., copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) foils) and natural deposition. Based on the cation-π, coordination, and electrostatic interaction between metal cations and GO nanosheets, the aqueous stability and mechanical strength of the membranes are significantly improved. The permeation rates for acetone, toluene, and p-xylene molecules across the GO membrane cross-linked by copper ions with a deposition time of 24 h are 0.966, 0.074, and 0.100 mol m-2 h-1, respectively. Moreover, this membrane displays excellent separation performance, and the separation factor of K+/Mg2+ is up to 68.8 in mono-/multivalent metal cation sieving, which indicate the effective molecular/ionic sieving performance. Meanwhile, the ionic sieving of the GO membrane cross-linked by copper ions has excellent repeatability and long-term stability. The versatility of this natural deposition strategy to fabricate GO membranes cross-linked by metal cations is investigated by using Fe foil, Zn foil, and Ni foil as well as other porous substrates such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES), and nylon membranes and filter paper. This fabrication strategy also enables low-cost preparation of large-area GO membranes. Therefore, GO membranes cross-linked by metal cations and prepared by this simple metal cation incorporation strategy have large potential application for molecular/ionic sieving in various solution systems.

Background: Nitrogen is an important element for potato growth and development, and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency is an effective way to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Transgenic breeding is an effective means to solve the problem that traditional breeding is difficult to solve, it is of great significance to excavate genes that improve nitrogen utilization for breeding nitrogen-efficient potato. It was found that the key enzyme genes in potato nitrogen metabolism pathway were highly responsive to nitrogen stress, and the activity of the key enzyme gene NiR (nitrite reductase) was significantly regulated with the increase of nitrogen supply. With the continuous in-depth study of the functions of miRNAs, it has been found that key enzyme genes can regulate their spatiotemporal expression through specific miRNAs, thereby regulating plant phenotypic traits. For example, miR159 regulates MYB, miR169 regulates NFYA. miRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions that recognize target genes through complementary base pairing. In recent years, some mechanisms have been elucidated through the correlation between the expression levels of potato miRNAs target genes and regulated genes under stress conditions, but the role of miRNAs in the inhibition/expression of key genes regulating nitrogen metabolism under N stress is still unclear.Results: Through the extension of nitrogen-efficient potato, Yanshu4 ("Y") and nitrogen-inefficient potato Atlantic ("D"), the roots and leaves at the seedling and budding stages after different nitrogen fertilization treatments were collected. miRNAs sequencing, degradome analysis, qRT-PCR and luciferase activity measurement to analyze the expression changes of miRNAs under different N treatment conditions. The study found that with the increase of nitrogen application, NiR activity increased significantly from seedling stage to budding stage, and NiR responded significantly to different nitrogen application treatments. miRNAs sequencing predicted 48 families of conserved miRNAs, mainly involved in nitrogen metabolism, carbon metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis. The following differences of miRNAs were screened out (high expression and P < 0.05): stu-miR396-5p, stu-miR408b-3p_R-1, stu-miR3627-3p, stu-miR482a-3p, stu-miR8036-3p, stu-miR482a-5p, stu-miR827-5p, stu-miR156a_L-1, stu-miR827-3p, stu-miR172b-5p, stu-miR6022-p3_7, stu-miR398a-5p, stu-miR166c-5p_L-3. Degradome analysis showed that most miRNAs had many-to-many relationships with target genes. The main target genes involved in nitrogen metabolism include NiR, NiR1, NRT2.5 and NRT2.7. qRT-PCR verification found that stu-miR396-5p, stu-miR8036-3p and stu-miR482a-3p were significant differences in leaves and roots between Yanshu4 and Atlantic at seedling and budding stages under the conditions of no nitrogen application and excess nitrogen application, which are induced in response to N stress. The correlation between differential stu-miR396-5p and its corresponding target gene NiR was further verified by luciferase activity, and it was found that there was a strong negative correlation, which was conducive to further functional research.Conclusion: From seedling stage to budding stage, the activity of NiR was significantly positively correlated with nitrogen application. Differential miRNAs and target genes showed a many-to-many relationship. The expression of stu-miR396-5p, stu-miR482a-3p and stu-miR8036-3p in Yanshu4 and Atlantic, seedling and budding stage at roots and leaves were most different under two N stresses. Under two N stresses, in Yanshu4, stu-miR396-5p was down-regulated in seedling leaves and shoot-stage roots, and up-regulated in seedling stage roots and shoot-stage leaves; stu-miR482a-3p was up-regulated in seedling stage and shoot stages; The expression of stu-miR8036-3p was up-regulated in leaves and roots at the seedling and budding stages, and down-regulated in roots under both nitrogen stresses. The N metabolism key enzyme gene StNiR and the stu-miR396-5p luciferase activity assay reporter detected that they have a strong regulatory relationship.

The first collectively asymmetric total synthesis of all members of lycorane, including (+)-α, (+)-β, (+)-γ, and (-)-δ, in a catalytic manner has been achieved. The cornerstone of this synthesis features an asymmetric, stereodivergent Ir/amine dual catalytic α-allylation of 2-phthalimidoacetaldehyde.

Skeletal muscle stem cells, also called Satellite Cells (SCs), are actively maintained in quiescence but can activate quickly upon extrinsic stimuli. However, the mechanisms of how quiescent SCs (QSCs) activate swiftly remain elusive. Here, using a whole mouse perfusion fixation approach to obtain bona fide QSCs, we identify massive proteomic changes during the quiescence-to-activation transition in pathways such as chromatin maintenance, metabolism, transcription, and translation. Discordant correlation of transcriptomic and proteomic changes reveals potential translational regulation upon SC activation. Importantly, we show Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding protein 1 (CPEB1), post-transcriptionally affects protein translation during SC activation by binding to the 3′ UTRs of different transcripts. We demonstrate phosphorylation-dependent CPEB1 promoted Myod1 protein synthesis by binding to the cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs) within its 3′ UTRs to regulate SC activation and muscle regeneration. Our study characterizes CPEB1 as a key regulator to reprogram the translational landscape directing SC activation and subsequent proliferation.

Chauliodinae (fishflies), with their low capacity of long‐distance dispersal represent a suitable model insect group to investigate the biogeographical history. The genus Parachauliodes van der Weele, including the herein synonymized genus Sinochauliodes Liu & Yang, is endemic to East Asia. Here, we reconstruct the interspecific phylogeny of Parachauliodes based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Sinochauliodes syn.n. was recovered with a group of Parachauliodes species and not the sister group; we therefore treat it as the junior synonym of Parachauliodes. Species delimitation was performed combining the molecular identification with morphological evidence, with Parachauliodes inopinatus syn.n. treated as the junior synonym of Parachauliodes asahinai. The spatio‐temporal divergence pattern of Parachauliodes indicates that the genus might have originated from Eurasian continent no later than the early Miocene and the initial divergence within genus was likely to be correlated to the split of southwestern Japanese Islands from the continent. There likely was a southward dispersal in the Parachauliodes japonicus clade from southwestern Japan via the Ryukyus to Taiwan by the end of the Miocene. The present species diversity of the insular lineage of Parachauliodes was possibly shaped by island isolations and sympatric distribution.

Background Several recent studies have addressed the role of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) in tumor cell growth and apoptosis, including in gastric cancer. However, the role of NHE1 expression related to the 5-Fu resistance in gastric cancer has not been investigated. Methods The expression of NHE1 was examined by qPCR in the SGC7901/5-FU cell line and its parental cell line. pcDNA3.1-NHE1 and NHE1-siRNA were transfected to SGC7901/5-FU resistance cells and cell apoptosis was detected via TUNEL assay. The upstream activators in NHE1 mediated 5-Fu resistant gastric cancer cells were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescent. Results A significant increase of the expression of NHE1 was observed in SGC7901 5-FU resistance cells compared to the GES-1 and SGC7901 cell line. NHE1 can suppress the cell apoptosis of SGC7901 5-FU resistance cells and involved in cell cycle. Also, the migration and invasion of SGC7901 5-FU resistance cells were promoted by NHE1. NHE1 also increases the intracellular pH. The results of Western blot analysis showed that NHE1 overexpression induced an increase in the expression of phosphorylated activator transcription factor 3 (pSTAT3). The more obvious phosphorylated level was shown in the phosphorylated STAT3 at pSTAT3tyr705. Further investigations revealed that the constitutive activation of STAT3 may be induced by JAK1 and JAK2, and thus effect the 5-FU resistance by regulating NHE1. Discussion In summary, our findings provided evidence that NHE1 contributed to 5-Fu resistance in gastric cancer cells by regulating the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, NHE1 can be a useful marker for predicting and monitoring 5-Fu resistance.

In recent years, with the development of computing power and deep learning algorithms, pedestrian detection has made great progress. Nevertheless, once a detection model trained on generic datasets (such as PASCAL VOC and MS COCO) is applied to a specific scene, its precision is limited by the distribution gap between the generic data and the specific scene data. It is difficult to train the model for a specific scene, due to the lack of labeled data from that scene. Even though we manage to get some labeled data from a specific scene, the changing environmental conditions make the pre-trained model perform bad. In light of these issues, we propose a parallel vision approach to scene-specific pedestrian detection. Given an object detection model, it is trained via two sequential stages: (1) the model is pre-trained on augmented-reality data, to address the lack of scene-specific training data; (2) the pre-trained model is incrementally optimized with newly synthesized data as the specific scene evolves over time. On publicly available datasets, our approach leads to higher precision than the models trained on generic data. To tackle the dynamically changing scene, we further evaluate our approach on the webcam data collected from Church Street Market Place, and the results are also encouraging.