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American relations with Greece and Turkey; Cyprus issues; domestic legislation to effect economic foreign policy; ethnic groups' influence in policy formulation; relations between Greek-Americans and Carter Administration; decision to repeal arms embargo against Turkey; ethnic group disenchantment with Carter Administration; assessment of ethnic politics

United Jewish Appeal Women's Division; Missions Chairman of American Israel Public Affairs Committee; organizing the Jewish vote; Carter's election campaign, 1976; Jewish issues of 1976

Special counsel to Greek lobbying group; work on Cyrus issue; role of Henry Kissinger; influence of media; experiences in Ford and Carter administrations; history of Greek-American political activism

United States-Israel diplomatic relations, 1920s-70s: role of United States Jewish organizations, legislative aides in pro-Israel lobbying; responsive United States legislation, sympathetic United States politicians; Jackson amendment, Wolff resolution; American Israel Public Affairs Committee, functions, THE NEAR EAST REPORT, opinions on publicity and political candidates endorsements

This article explores the ethics of large complex systems in the United States of America in three major case studies: the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry and the political/governmental institutions. Using the simple Aristotelian heuristic of good sense, good character and good will, the conclusion is that ethics is not a high priority due in large part to the relentless pursuit of large sums of money at any cost.

Education, Vassar; Federal Emergency Relief Administration, 1933; medical programs; representative for American Public Welfare Association; public welfare philosophy; social insurance legislation; interaction with politicians; consultant on health insurance to Adlai Stevenson, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and others; Medicare and American Medical Association; insurance companies; senior citizens in politics, 1950s and 1960s. Impressions of Wilbur Cohen, Nelson Cruikshank, Francis Townsend, James O'Brien, Charles Odell, Zalman Lichtenstein, Marjorie Shearon, and others.

The article addresses a female virtual community consisting of enthusiasts of bra fitting and connoisseurs of beautiful, especially well-chosen, lingerie, mainly bras. The members of this community sometimes are called in Polish “stanikomaniaczki” (which can be translated into bra maniacs, bra obsessed women) or lobbystki (which means lobbyists). The aim of this article is to consider whether the bra obsessed women community meets the criteria for a discourse community proposed by John Swales (among others in his book entitled Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings, published in 1990). According to J. Swales, a community is a discourse community if its members: 1. have common goals; 2. use the specific mechanisms and means of internal communication; 3. use these mechanisms and means to obtain information or opinions and to share their knowledge or achievements with other members of the community; 4. communicate with each other using specific types of genres; 5. use a specific vocabulary; 6. have different levels of competence in transmitting and receiving messages, which gives individual members the status of "experts" or "novices". The author is also considering whether all online communities (using similar genres) focused on the exchange of information on a specific topic related to their interests that resulted in creating discourse communities.

Human society is full of would-be ‘change agents’, a restless mix of campaigners, lobbyists, and officials, both individuals and organizations, set on transforming the world. They want to improve public services, reform laws and regulations, guarantee human rights, get a fairer deal for those on the sharp end, achieve greater recognition for any number of issues, or simply be treated with respect. Striking then, that not many universities have a Department of Change Studies, to which social activists can turn for advice and inspiration. Instead, scholarly discussions of change are fragmented with few conversations crossing disciplinary boundaries, rarely making it onto the radars of those actively seeking change. This book aims to bridge the gap between academia and practice, bringing together the best research from a range of academic disciplines and the evolving practical understanding of activists to explore the topic of social and political change. Drawing on many first-hand examples from the global experience of Oxfam, one of the world’s largest social justice NGOs, as well as insights gleaned from studying and working on international development, it tests ideas and offers the latest thinking on what works to achieve progressive change.

[spa] La realización de la Tesis Doctoral pone de manifiesto la importancia del desarrollo sostenible en las empresas en el siglo XXI a partir de la gestión eficaz de los grupos de interés. Al mismo tiempo, la investigación indica la necesidad de encontrar a partir del conocimiento científico herramientas de gestión para enfrentar a esta nueva realidad. En el desarrollo de nuestra investigación tratamos de realizar un profundo estudio de la sostenibilidad en las empresas a partir de Teoría de de los Grupos de Interés y en relación a la teoría de la decisión en la incertidumbre a partir de la Teoría de los Subconjuntos Borrosos. En seguida planteamos los principales desafíos a las que se enfrentan las empresas en la búsqueda de la sostenibilidad y una vez identificados estos desafíos, buscamos hallar las soluciones para planteamientos a partir de las aplicaciones de modelos de la lógica borrosa. Como resultado, realizamos diversas aportaciones con publicaciones de artículos en revistas científicas y congresos internacionales. Estos resultados confirman la eficacia y utilidad de los modelos de lógica borrosa aplicados en la gestión de la sostenibilidad en las empresas. El trabajo de investigación presenta una aportación científica relevante por asentar las bases teóricas a las futuras investigaciones relacionadas con la sostenibilidad en las empresas a partir de la Teoría de los Grupos de Interés y Teoría de la Incertidumbre. Además, el estudio de la sostenibilidad apoyados en la aplicación de la lógica borrosa aporta nuevos modelos de gestión que puedan ayudar a los empresarios en la toma de decisiones mediante el uso de metodologías basadas en el tratamiento de la incertidumbre. Por tanto, se considera que la investigación realizada representa una importante innovación así como una herramienta útil al conocimiento científico por avanzar en el estudio de la sostenibilidad a partir de la Teoría de los Grupos de Interés y Teoría de la Incertidumbre. Queda también puesto de manifiesto que las dos teorías aplicadas a la realidad de las empresas aportan nuevos modelos de gestión al tratamiento de la incertidumbre y de la sostenibilidad empresarial., [eng] The realization of the doctoral thesis highlights the importance of sustainable business development in the XXI century from the effective management of stakeholders. At the same time, research indicates the need for management tools from scientific knowledge to face this new reality. In developing our research we try to conduct a thorough study of sustainability in business from the Stakeholders Theory and in relation to the theory of decision in uncertainty from the Theory of Fuzzy Subsets. Then pose the biggest challenges facing companies in the quest for sustainability and once identified these challenges, we seek to find solutions to approaches from the applications of fuzzy logic models. As a result, we made various contributions to publications of articles in scientific journals and international conferences. These results confirm the effectiveness and usefulness of the models of fuzzy logic applied in the management of sustainability in business. The research presents a significant scientific contribution by laying the theoretical groundwork for future research related to sustainability in business from the Stakeholders Theory and the Theory of Uncertainty. The study of sustainability supported the application of fuzzy logic brings new management models that may help entrepreneurs in decision-making through the use of methodologies based on the treatment of uncertainty. Therefore, it is considered that the investigation represents an important innovation as well as a useful tool for advancing scientific knowledge in the study of sustainability from the Stakeholders Theory and the Theory of Uncertainty. It is also shown that the two theories applied to the reality of companies bring new management models to the treatment of uncertainty and corporate sustainability.