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Background: Human gut microbiome has complex relationships with the host, contributing to metabolism, immunity, and carcinogenesis. Methods: Summary-level data for gut microbiota and metabolites were obtained from MiBioGen, FINRISK and human metabolome consortia. Summary-level data for colorectal cancer were derived from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis. In forward Mendelian randomization (MR), we employed genetic instrumental variables (IV) for 24 gut microbiota taxa and six bacterial metabolites to examine their causal relationship with colorectal cancer. We also used a lenient threshold for nine apriori gut microbiota taxa as secondary analyses. In reverse MR, we explored association between genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia and abundance of microbiota studied above using 95, 19, and 7 IVs for colorectal cancer, adenoma, and polyps, respectively. Results: Forward MR did not find evidence indicating causal relationship between any of the gut microbiota taxa or six bacterial metabolites tested and colorectal cancer risk. However, reverse MR supported genetic liability to colorectal adenomas was causally related with increased abundance of two taxa: Gammaproteobacteria (β = 0.027, which represents a 0.027 increase in log-transformed relative abundance values of Gammaproteobacteria for per one-unit increase in log OR of adenoma risk; P = 7.06×10−8), Enterobacteriaceae (β = 0.023, P = 1.29×10−5). Conclusions: We find genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia may be associated with abundance of certain microbiota taxa. It is more likely that subset of colorectal cancer genetic liability variants changes gut biology by influencing both gut microbiota and colorectal cancer risk. Impact: This study highlights the need of future complementary studies to explore causal mechanisms linking both host genetic variation with gut microbiome and colorectal cancer susceptibility.

Ferroptosis is the ideal therapeutic target for hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (HIRI). The μ opioid receptor (MOR) is associated with ferroptosis in HIRI. We aimed to determine the ferroptosis-related therapeutic mechanism of MOR in HIRI. A model of HIRI was established in BALB/c mice. Primary hepatocytes isolated from mice were stimulated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Changes in histopathology were determined by H&E staining. Alterations in ferroptosis were evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA), iron, glutathione (GSH), ACSL4, GPX4, and mitochondrial morphology. ALT and AST were used to determine hepatic function. First, we found that hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced the destruction of hepatic tissue structure and dead hepatocytes and determined that ferroptosis occurred in vivo and in vitro. During HIRI, the expression levels of HIF-1α and KCNQ1OT1 were significantly upregulated. We demonstrated that sufentanil improved the damage in the liver and hepatocytes undergoing I/R. Importantly, sufentanil inhibited ferroptosis in HIRI. In addition, sufentanil downregulated the expression levels of HIF-1α and KCNQ1OT1 in HIRI. Increases in HIF-1α and KCNQ1OT1 reversed the role of sufentanil in ferroptosis and HIRI. Subsequently, we determined that HIF-1α could activate the transcription of KCNQ1OT1 by binding to its promoter. In addition, KCNQ1OT1 was demonstrated to enhance ACSL4 stability by interacting with SRSF1. Finally, we observed that KCNQ1OT1 downregulation protected hepatocytes from hepatic I/R and inhibited ferroptosis. KCNQ1OT1 upregulation aggravated ferroptosis and hepatic injury during I/R. However, decreases in ACSL4 and SRSF1 reversed the harmful role of KCNQ1OT1 upregulation in HIRI. MOR alleviated ferroptosis in HIRI via the HIF-1α/ KCNQ1OT1 axis.

Cerebellar dysfunction may substantially contribute to the clinical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The role of cerebellar subregions in tremors and gait disturbances in PD remains unknown. To investigate alterations in cerebellar subregion volumes and functional connectivity (FC), as well as FC between the dentate nucleus (DN) and ventral lateral posterior nucleus (VLp) of the thalamus, which are potentially involved in different PD motor subtypes. We conducted morphometric and resting-state functional connectivity analyses in various cerebellar subregions in 22 tremor-dominant (TD)-PD and 35 postural instability gait difficulty dominant (PIGD)-PD patients and 38 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). The volume and FC alterations in various cerebellar subregions and the neural correlates of these changes with the clinical severity scores were investigated. The PIGD-PD group showed greater FC between the right motor cerebellum (CBMm) and left postcentral gyrus than the HC group, and a higher FC was associated with less severe PIGD symptoms. In contrast, the TD-PD group had decreased FC between the right DN and left VLp compared with the PIGD-PD and HC groups, and lower FC was associated with worse TD symptoms. Furthermore, the PIGD-PD group had higher FC between the left DN and left inferior temporal gyrus than the TD-PD group. Morphometric analysis revealed that the TD-PD group showed a significantly higher volume of left CBMm than the HC group. Our findings point to differential alteration patterns in cerebellar subregions and offer a new perspective on the pathophysiology of motor subtypes of PD.

Ecosystem service flow refers to the whole process of ecosystem service production, delivery and utilization, which is closely related to social-ecological processes. However, quantifying the entire ecosystem service flow process remains challenging, placing limits on the management of social-ecological systems to improve human wellbeing. Here, we explored the relationship between social-ecological processes (e.g., product transfer, matter cycling, energy flow and information delivery) and the spatial flow of ecosystem service. Then, we reviewed methods quantifying the spatial flow of ecosystem service. Finally, we proposed a comprehensive framework for quantifying the whole process of ecosystem service flow in terms of social-ecological processes. The framework consists of the quantification of ecosystem service supply and demand, the spatial flow of ecosystem service between suppliers and consumers, and the quantification of utilized ecosystem service. To better quantify the whole process of ecosystem service flow, we need to further understand the factors impacting ecosystem service flow, develop process-based models integrating beneficiaries and infrastructure, and establish social-ecological approaches to inform ecosystem service flow governance.

To address a gap in the translational research on marital and family conflict intervention, we used a series of multilevel models to examine how interparental constructive conflict behavior, conflict resolution, and conflict knowledge improved up to 3 years postintervention in the Family Communication Project (FCP). The FCP was an experimental, longitudinal intervention focused on family conflict, communication, and adolescent adjustment. Participants consisted of adolescents and their two primary caregivers (

To identify the problems and high-risk factors of blood-borne occupational exposure among midwives in China.Midwives from the obstetrics department and delivery room of hospitals in institutions. The self-compiled questionnaire on the current status of blood-borne occupational exposure of Chinese midwives was used for data collection.The incidence rate of blood-borne occupational exposure was 46.77%. The independent risk factors were working years ≤5 years (P = .001), unable to take standard prevention at work (P = .000), unaware of human immunodeficiency virus treatment procedures (P = .000), and average daily working hours of 8 hours (P = .002), the high risk of blood-borne occupational exposure at work (P = .000), and contact with patient fluids, blood without gloves (P = .000).Midwives are at high risk of blood-borne occupational exposure, and midwives with ≤5 years of service are the focus group. Failure to achieve standard prevention, the length of working hours and the ignorance of the treatment process of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have a certain impact on the occurrence of blood-borne occupational exposure.It is necessary to focus on cultivating high-level midwifery talents to overcome the shortage of midwives and rationally use midwifery resources, as well as to strengthen standard prevention and improve the occupational protection and guarantee system for midwives.

The edge-type Fe–Co atomic pair structure as the main active site model decreases the energy gap and modifies charge transfer, affording superior bifunctional activity for the ORR and OER.

Two shapes of ZnO clusters constructed by the growth of spindle-like (I-ZnO) and sheet-like (II-ZnO) microparticles added to Locust bean gum/carboxycellulose nanocrystal (LBG/C-CNC) coating for improving properties as the enhancers and antibacterial agents. Subsequently, active LBG/C-CNC/ZnO (LCZ) coatings were evaluated to combat the fruits rot triggered by microorganisms aiming to extend their shelf life. The results showed that II-ZnO clusters with flower-shape enhanced the properties more obviously due to more interaction sites. The oxygen and water vapor permeability of the coating containing 5 % II-ZnO (LCZII-5) decreased from 2.00 and 5.98 × 10

A bilayer dressing based on aerogel/electrospun mats with self-catalytic hydrogen sulfide generation and enhanced antioxidant ability was fabricated. The dressing could reduce inflammation and accelerate wound healing.

Regular physical activity (PA) is beneficial to young people's health and development. In order to provide nationally representative and internationally comparable evidence on youth PA, China has participated in Global Matrix 2.0 and 3.0. The purpose of this study is to report the updated results of China's Report Card on PA for Children and Adolescents.The grades were assigned by results derived from the PA and Fitness in China--The Youth Study (PAFCTYS), conducted from October to December in 2020. The data from PAFCTYS 2020 included a nationally representative sample of Chinese school-aged children (n = 133,006, boys: 49.6%, aged 9-17 years). Self-report questionnaires were completed by the sampled students, their parents/guardians (n = 133,006), and physical education teachers (n = 1036) from each sampled school respectively.The grades of China 2022 Report Card are Overall PA (C), Organized Sport Participation (F), Active Play (C-), Active Transportation (C), Sedentary behaviors (C), Physical Fitness (INC), Family and Peers (C-), School (D), Community and Environment (D-), and Government (D).Levels of PA among Chinese youth were low and most young people were below the recommended guidelines, although the grade of Overall PA has been improved since the modified benchmark. Prevalence of sedentary behaviors remained high. Interventions and policies at the community and environment level should be encouraged to promote PA and reduce sedentary behaviors. In addition, national policies on young people's PA should be advocated widely to ensure the policies can be transferred into action.

Aims: Facial image analysis is the main direction of facial diagnosis objectification, where realistic colors in medical facial images are essential clues for disease diagnosis. However, the same person's facial color information will have different display information under different light sources and display devices, which may lead to different diagnostic results. Methodology: Firstly, we conducted group experiments on the selection of color patches and selected 12 face-related color patches for color correction of facial images. Next, to adapt to this task under different lighting conditions, we utilize an adaptive white balance algorithm to adjust brightness as the first step. We selected the D65 illuminate environment as the standard lighting condition. Finally, we employed a polynomial-regression algorithm based on ridge regression for color correction. Results: The experimental results demonstrate that the average values of the chromatic distance of our method under all five lighting conditions are less than 3.0. We also compare the ablation experiments of adjusting brightness. Conclusion: The results indicate that the proposed method has good consistency in color correction of facial images under different lighting conditions, which is more suitable for clinical medical diagnosis.

Endovascular treatment is suitable for middle cerebral artery (MCA) with focal lesion. Therefore, accurate evaluation of the morphological features of MCA disease is critical. Ultrasonography is commonly used to screen for MCA lesions. However, there are few studies on lesion length. Using ultrasonography, we aimed to prospectively evaluate MCA disease with focal stenosis, long stenosis, focal occlusion, and long occlusion.Patients with symptomatic MCA disease scheduled for digital subtraction angiography were enrolled. The ultrasonic parameters recorded included mean flow velocity at MCA (VA total of 278 MCAs were included. Compared to normal vessels, the bilateral VNeck-brain integrated ultrasound is an appropriate screening method for identifying MCA lesions with different morphologies. Endovascular treatment might not be recommended when bilateral V

To explore the potential clinical effects of renin-angiotensin system blocker (RASB, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)) in patients from the Parkinson's Progress Marker Initiative (PPMI) study database.One hundred and seven untreated, newly diagnosed PD patients with hypertension, from the PPMI were included. We measured cognitive performance, biomarkers in CSF, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the five follow-up years for patients exposed or not to renal-angiotensin system blockers. Sixteen PD patients with hypertension underwent [18F]florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. SUVRs of region of interest (ROI) were calculated and compared within different groups.Treatment with ARBs but not ACEIs improved global cognitive function evaluated by MoCA score in PD patients with hypertension compared to other hypertensive medicines up to 5 years follow up. Specifically, ARBs improved visuospatial, memory, executive abilities, processing speed attention test scores in PD. There was no significant impact of ARBs on α-syn, tau, Aβ in CSF. RASBs reduced [18F] florbetaben uptake in cortex and subcortex nuclei in the brain.These results show potential protective effect with ARBs in cognitive impairment of parkinson's disease with hypertension.

The outcomes of monotherapy could not satisfy clinical cancer treatment owing to the challenges of tumor heterogeneity, multi-drug resistance, tumor metastasis and relapse. In response, the significance of combinational cancer therapy has been highlighted. Traditional combinational schemes usually utilize "free" drug for multi drug administration, independently. The diverse pharmacokinetics and biodistribution greatly hinder the antitumor effects and cause systematic toxicity. To tackle the hinderance, various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have been developed. However, conventional Nano-DDSs encapsulate drugs into carrier materials through noncovalent interactions, resulting in low drug loading, fixed multi drug encapsulation ratio, chemical instability and carrier-associated toxicity. Recently, carrier-free nanocombos based on self-assembling small-molecule prodrugs (SPNCs) have emerged as a versatile Nano-DDSs for multiple drug delivery. Benefited by the self-assembly capability, SPNCs could be facilely fabricated with distinct merits of ultra-high drug loading, adjustable drug ratio and negligible carrier-associated toxicity. Herein, we summarize the latest trends of SPNCs. First, a basic review on self-assembling small-molecule prodrugs is presented. Additionally, facile techniques to prepare SPNCs are introduced. Furthermore, advanced combinational therapies based on SPNCs are spotlighted with special emphasis on synergistic mechanisms. Finally, future prospects and challenges are discussed.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn) into Lewy bodies. In addition to motor impairment, PD commonly presents with cognitive impairment, a non-motor symptom with poor outcome. Cortical αSyn pathology correlates closely with vascular risk factors and vascular degeneration in cognitive impairment. However, how the brain microvasculature regulates αSyn pathology and neurodegeneration remains unclear. Here, we constructed a rapidly progressive PD model by injecting alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils (αSyn PFFs) into the cerebral cortex and striatum. Brain capillaries in mice with cognitive impairment showed a reduction in diameter and length after 6 months, along with string vessel formation. The intracellular domain of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1-ICD) was upregulated in brain microvascular endothelium. LRP1-ICD promoted αSyn PFF uptake and exacerbated endothelial damage and neuronal apoptosis. Then, we overexpressed LRP1-ICD in brain capillaries using an adeno-associated virus carrying an endothelial-specific promoter. Endothelial LRP1-ICD worsened αSyn PFF-induced vascular damage, αSyn pathology, or neuron death in the cortex and hippocampus, resulting in severe motor and cognitive impairment. LRP1-ICD increased the synthesis of poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) (PAR) in the presence of αSyn PFFs. Inhibition of PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) prevented vascular-derived injury, as did loss of PARP1 in the endothelium, which was further implicated in endothelial cell proliferation and inflammation. Together, we demonstrate a novel vascular mechanism of cognitive impairment in PD. These findings support a role for endothelial LRP1-ICD/PARP1 in αSyn pathology and neurodegeneration, and provide evidence for vascular protection strategies in PD therapy.

Rare-earth ions doped luminescent materials have excellent optical properties and low energy consumption, which are widely used in optoelectronic devices. In this work, Sm3+-doped Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 perovskite phosphors were prepared by a convenient high-temperature solid-reaction method. A strong orange-red luminescence appeared at 600 nm, corresponding to the energy-level transition of 6H5/2 → 4F7/2. The optimal concentration of Ba0.5Sr0.5−x TiO3: xSm3+ was determined to be around x = 0.08. The forbidden band width and the fluorescence lifetime of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3: Sm3+ are 3.15 eV and 2.7 μs, respectively. The CIE coordinates are (0.509, 0.476). The as-prepared orange-red perovskite phosphors are expected to be used in white light–emitting diode (LED) devices.

Olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus is an important cultured marine fish. We found that the meiosis marker scp3 and its intrinsic regulator dazl were mainly expressed in the gonads. During the ovarian differentiation, scp3 signal was detected first in pre-meiotic oogonia at 60-mm total length (TL) and then in primary oocytes at 80- and 100-mm TL, with a sharp increase in scp3 expression level observed at 80- and 100-mm TL. Dazl signal was detected in primordial germ cells at 30-mm TL and oogonia at 60-mm TL, but no significant change of expression was observed. During the testicular differentiation period, scp3 and dazl expression remained at low levels, and scp3 signal was weakly detected in spermatogonia at 80-mm TL, whereas dazl signal was not found. During the ovarian developmental stages, the highest expression levels of scp3 and dazl were detected at stages I and II, respectively, and strong signals of scp3 and dazl were detected in primary oocytes and oocytes at phases I and II. In the testis, the high expression of scp3 and dazl was detected at stages II–IV and II–III, respectively. Scp3 signal was weakly observed in pre-meiotic spermatogonia at stages I and II and strongly detected in primary spermatocytes at stages III–V. Dazl was detected in the nuclei of spermatogonia and spermatids at stages II–IV. Furthermore, scp3 expression in the ovary could be promoted by 17α-ethynylestradiol and tamoxifen, whereas dazl expression could be downregulated by tamoxifen.

The heat extraction performance of the enhanced geothermal system is simulated by using COMSOL software. The effects of six factors, such as the thermal conductivity of heat reservoir, matrix permeability, fracture width, injection temperature, injection flow rate, and the number of wells, on the heat extraction performance of EGS heat reservoir for 40 years are analyzed. The results show that the matrix permeability and injection flow are the main factors affecting the heat production performance of the EGS geothermal reservoir, while the thermal conductivity, fracture width, and injection temperature have little effect on the heat production performance of the EGS geothermal reservoir. Although increasing the number of production wells can improve the uneven distribution of the flow field to improve the system heat performance, taking into account the existing drilling technology and cost, the cost is higher, and the two-well system is still the basic form of absorbing rock heat.

Methicillin-resistant

The aim of the study was to evaluate the glymphatic function and its related factors in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and patients with PD of different ages using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) method.Medical records and imaging data of 93 patients with idiopathic PD and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The diffusivity along the perivascular spaces, projection fibers, and association fibers were calculated on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to acquire the analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index.PD patients exhibited a reduced ALPS index compared with the HCs. Negative correlations between the ALPS index and clinical information including age, age at disease onset, Parkinson's disease sleep scale 2nd version (PDSS-2) scores, and history of diabetes mellitus were revealed in the PD group. Besides, a negative correlation between the ALPS index and the severity of motor symptoms was identified in the subgroup aged 65 and above, rather than in the younger ones.The results demonstrate that reduced ALPS index, a potential noninvasive measure of compromised glymphatic activity, is involved in the pathophysiology of PD, especially in the aged ones and those with sleep disorders.

Hydrophobic surface drag reduction techniques are effective in reducing the frictional resistance of fluids, the adsorption of liquid molecules on hydrophobic surfaces can reflect the resistance to fluid flow through such solid surfaces. Based on molecular simulation technology, we investigate the adsorption characteristics of water molecules on hydrophobic surfaces to achieve rapid screening of hydrophobic materials in fire-fighting water supply systems. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the adsorption process of polymers and to analyze the effects of temperature and fixed adsorption quantity. Contact angle tests were also done to verify polymer hydrophobicity. The isothermal adsorption heat, water molecule distribution, and energy distribution were studied by molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods. Then, adsorption localization simulations and electrostatic potential distributions were used to predict possible adsorption sites on hydrophobic surfaces and single-molecule chains. Finally, the interaction energy, diffusion coefficient, and free volume were investigated to explain the adsorption mechanism at the molecular level. Simulation results show that, overall, PTFE was more hydrophobic and PES was more hydrophilic and at 298 K, the number of adsorbed water molecules was ranked as follows: PTFEPVDFPVCPMMAPPSCSMBD-HDIBD-MDIBD-TDIPES. Furthermore, PTFE, PVDF, PVC, PES, and PPS have more stable adsorption configurations on the (0 -1 0) surface. According to the findings, hydrogen bonding dominates the interaction between water molecules and hydrophilic polymers, whereas π-π interactions increase water molecules' diffusion resistance in polymers with benzene rings. In addition, PES contains many sulfone groups and ether bonds, which disorganize the chain arrangement to provide more free volume, whereas the water adsorption rate of PTFE is reduced because its molecular chains are less convoluted and more organized.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major healthcare challenge worldwide. MiRNAs exert a regulatory effect on the progress of DN. Our study proposed to investigate the miR-320c expression and its function on the pathogenesis of DN

Real-time monitoring, condition assessment, early warning processing, and damage identification of underground diaphragm wall bridge structures are the current research trends. Based on the wireless sensor network theory, this paper constructs the stability model of the slope sliding on the underground diaphragm wall bridge foundation. The model builds a complete set of underground diaphragm wall bridge vibration signal acquisition and monitoring platform through wireless sensor network node data acquisition and solves the problem of data accuracy measurement by using theoretical analysis, software and hardware design, software simulation, and experimental verification methods. During the simulation process, experiments were designed such as slope sliding vibration signal acquisition data accuracy test, sensor node wireless charging power test and modeling, lithium battery charging power test and modeling, wireless rechargeable sensor node system work test, and other experiments. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the collected vibration signals of the underground diaphragm wall bridge is high, the main working frequency bands are 868 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2.4 GHz, the maximum data transmission rate is 250 Kbps, and the communication distance reaches 100 m, which can meet the requirements of the underground diaphragm wall. The power of wireless charging of lithium batteries reaches 4.5 mW, which effectively improves the stability measurement accuracy of underground diaphragm wall bridge foundations.