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Nano-silica (SiO2) has been widely used to fill rubbers (crosslinked) and usual polyolefin elastomers (POEs). SiO2 filled POE with crystalline structure can also be crosslinked. Crystallization, structure, and mechanical properties of crosslinked POE/SiO2 composites can be affected by SiO2. In this paper, crosslinked POE/SiO2 composites were obtained through two different methods: dynamic crosslinking in molten state and static crosslinking. For the non-crosslinked and static crosslinked composites, SiO2 had a more significant effect on the nucleation in non-crosslinked POE than in static crosslinked POE. For the dynamic crosslinked composite, SiO2 and crosslinking points hindered the mobility of POE chains and suppressed the POE crystallization, resulting in smaller and fewer crystals. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the SiO2 and POE were compatible, as evidenced by the lower tan(δ) value in SiO2-filled samples. The latter was more consistent with the higher tensile strength and elongation at break for the non-crosslinked and static crosslinked composites than for the non-filled samples. However, the dynamic crosslinked composite exhibited the worst elongation at break, resulting from the lowest number of crystals and shortened molecular chains due to the shearing that occurred during crosslinking process. The SiO2 had no observable effect on the permanent deformation of samples.

Luteolin can affect multiple biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune enhancement processes. Luteolin can inhibit inflammation of T2-high asthma, but its role in neutrophilic asthma has been insufficently studied.This study determines the effect of luteolin on IL-36γ secretion-mediated MAPK pathway signalling in neutrophilic asthma.The asthma model was established by using ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide (OVA/LPS). Female 6-8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, asthma, luteolin (20 mg/kg) and asthma + luteolin (20 mg/kg) groups. To explore the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin in neutrophilic asthma, Beas-2B cells were treated with luteolin (20 µmol/L), LPS (100 ng/mL), recombinant human IL-36γ protein (rhIL-36γ; 100 ng/mL) or IL-36γ siRNA.IL-36γ secretion and MAPK/IL-1β signalling were significantly increased in the asthma mouse model compared with the control (Luteolin alleviated neutrophilic asthma by inhibiting IL-36γ secretion-mediated MAPK pathways. These findings provided a theoretical basis for the application of luteolin in the treatment of neutrophilic asthma.

We give a construction of Gorenstein projective $\tau$-tilting modules in terms of tensor products of modules. As a consequence, we give a class of non-self-injective algebras admitting non-trivial Gorenstein projective $\tau$-tilting modules. Moreover, we show that a finite dimensional algebra $\Lambda$ over an algebraically closed field is $CM$-$\tau$-tilting finite if $T_n(\Lambda)$ is $CM$-$\tau$-tilting finite which gives a partial answer to a question on $CM$-$\tau$-tilting finite algebras posed by Xie and Zhang., Comment: 7 pages, to appear in Colloq. Math, some typos are fixed

In this study, ten species of Sphenoraia Clack, 1865 are recognized and re-described: Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) anjiensis Yang & Li, 1998, Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) berberii Jiang, 1992, Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) duvivieri (Laboissière, 1925), Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) haizhuensis Yang, 2021, Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) micans (Fairmaire, 1888), Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) nebulosa (Gyllenhal, 1808), Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) nigromaculata Jiang, 1992, Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) punctipennis Jiang, 1992, Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) rutilans (Hope, 1831), and Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) yajiangensis Jiang, 1992. Two new species, Sphenoraia (Sphenoraia) decemmaculata Feng, Yang & Liu, sp. nov. and Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) flavomarginata Feng, Yang & Li, sp. nov., are described. Additionally, Sphenoraia (Sphenoraia) cupreata Jacoby, 1890 and Sphenoraia (Sphenoraia) nigra Wang, Li & Yang, 2000 are transferred from Sphenoraia to Gallerucida. A key to the 12 Chinese species of Sphenoraia is given.

Additional file 1: eTable1. Distribution of the Participants by Provinces or Regions (n = 62,395).

Controlling temperature and pressure during the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) process can change the mount of CO2 entered in polypropylene (PP) phase, thereby changing the mechanical properties of materials. The effect of scCO2 treatment on the crystallization behavior is different in the semi-molten and molten states. This study investigates the PP treated with scCO2 near the melting point and at various pressures, and explores the effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure, lamellar structure, and thermodynamic properties of PP. The results show that at a melting temperature of 165 °C, scCO2 can enhances the ability of PP molecules to makes the PP crystal region more regular, and forms larger microcrystals and lamellae. Additionally, increasing the pressure can make more CO2 enter the PP crystal region and further improve the regularity of the crystal. At a semi-melting temperature of 155 °C, scCO2 is primarily in the amorphous region because it is difficult to enter the PP crystal region. Even if increasing the pressure, it has little effect on the crystal size and lamellar thickness of PP. The research has significant implications for developing and utilizing scCO2 to remove ash from materials.

In the production of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers (PAN-CFs), preoxidation is a key step to improving the thermal stability of the fibers and forming their structural prototype. However, structural evaluation of PAN fibers during preoxidation remains ambiguous, partly due to a lack of in situ studies. This contribution reports an in situ study of the preoxidation of PAN fibers using wide-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques on a synchrotron radiation beamline. The structural changes of the skeleton and pores in the fibers are revealed and correspond to five kinds of diffraction spots (peaks) and two kinds of scattering streaks, respectively. The preoxidation shows obvious stages, and the corresponding possible mechanism is analyzed.

Tropical cyclone (TC) annual frequency forecasting is significant for disaster prevention and mitigation in Guangdong Province. Based on the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and NOAA Extended Reconstructed global sea surface temperature (SST) V5 data in winter, the TC frequency climatic features and prediction models have been studied. During 1951-2019, 353 TCs directly affected Guangdong with an annual average of about 5.1. TCs have experienced an abrupt change from abundance to deficiency in the mid to late 1980 with a slightly decreasing trend and a normal distribution. 338 primary precursors are obtained from statistically significant correlation regions of SST, sea level pressure, 1000hPa air temperature, 850hPa specific humidity, 500hPa geopotential height and zonal wind shear in winter. Then those 338 primary factors are reduced into 19 independent predictors by principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and the Long Short-term Memory Networks and Fully Connected Layers (LSTM-FC) models are constructed relying on the above 19 factors. For three different kinds of test sets from 2010 to 2019, 2011 to 2019 and 2010 to 2019, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of MLR, GPR and LSTM-FC between prediction and observations fluctuate within the range of 1.05-2.45, 1.00-1.93 and 0.71-0.95 as well as the average absolute errors (AAEs) 0.88-1.0, 0.75-1.36 and 0.50-0.70, respectively. As for the 2010-2019 experiment, the mean deviations of the three model outputs from the observation are 0.89, 0.78 and 0.56, together with the average evaluation scores 82.22, 84.44 and 88.89, separately. The prediction skill comparisons unveil that LSTM-FC model has a better performance than MLR and GPR. In conclusion, the deep learning model of LSTM-FC may shed light on improving the accuracy of short-term climate prediction about TC frequency. The current research can provide experience on the development of deep learning in this field and help to achieve further progress of TC disaster prevention and mitigation in Guangdong Province.

Stereo image super-resolution aims to boost the performance of image super-resolution by exploiting the supplementary information provided by binocular systems. Although previous methods have achieved promising results, they did not fully utilize the information of cross-view and intra-view. To further unleash the potential of binocular images, in this letter, we propose a novel Transformerbased parallax fusion module called Parallax Fusion Transformer (PFT). PFT employs a Cross-view Fusion Transformer (CVFT) to utilize cross-view information and an Intra-view Refinement Transformer (IVRT) for intra-view feature refinement. Meanwhile, we adopted the Swin Transformer as the backbone for feature extraction and SR reconstruction to form a pure Transformer architecture called PFT-SSR. Extensive experiments and ablation studies show that PFT-SSR achieves competitive results and outperforms most SOTA methods. Source code is available at https://github.com/MIVRC/PFT-PyTorch., 5 pages, 3 figures

BackgroundWhile recent studies have separately explored mutational signatures and the tumor microenvironment (TME), there is limited research on the associations of both factors in a pan-cancer context.Materials and methodsWe performed a pan-cancer analysis of over 8,000 tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. Machine learning methods were employed to systematically explore the relationship between mutational signatures and TME and develop a risk score based on TME-associated mutational signatures to predict patient survival outcomes. We also constructed an interaction model to explore how mutational signatures and TME interact and influence cancer prognosis.ResultsOur analysis revealed a varied association between mutational signatures and TME, with the Clock-like signature showing the most widespread influence. Risk scores based on mutational signatures mainly induced by Clock-like and AID/APOBEC activity exhibited strong pan-cancer survival stratification ability. We also propose a novel approach to predict transcriptome decomposed infiltration levels using genome-derived mutational signatures as an alternative approach for exploring TME cell types when transcriptome data are unavailable. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that certain mutational signatures and their interaction with immune cells significantly impact clinical outcomes in particular cancer types. For instance, T cell infiltration levels only served as a prognostic biomarker in melanoma patients with high ultraviolet radiation exposure, breast cancer patients with high homologous recombination deficiency signature, and lung adenocarcinoma patients with high tobacco-associated mutational signature.ConclusionOur study comprehensively explains the complex interplay between mutational signatures and immune infiltration in cancer. The results highlight the importance of considering both mutational signatures and immune phenotypes in cancer research and their significant implications for developing personalized cancer treatments and more effective immunotherapy.

These data are the original data involved in the article: Luo et al. Unveiling the Interplay between Mutational Signatures and Tumor Microenvironment: A Pan-Cancer Analysis.&nbsp

Background Scale insects are worldwide sap-sucking parasites, which can be distinguished into neococcoids and non-neococcoids. Neococcoids are monophyletic with a peculiar reproductive system, paternal genome elimination (PGE). Different with neococcoids, Iceryini, a tribe in non-neococcoids including several damaging pests, has abdominal spiracles, compound eyes in males, relatively abundant wax, unique hermaphrodite system, and specific symbionts. However, the current studies on the gene resources and genomic mechanism of scale insects are mainly limited in the neococcoids, and lacked of comparison in an evolution frame. Result We sequenced and de novo assembled a transcriptome of Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas), a worldwide pest of Iceryini, and used it as representative of non-neococcoids to compare with the genomes or transcriptomes of other six species from different families of neococcoids. We found that the genes under positive selection or negative selection intensification (simplified as “selected genes” below) in I. aegyptiaca included those related to neurogenesis and development, especially eye development. Some genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis were unique in its transcriptome with relatively high expression and not detected in neococcoids. These results may indicate a potential link to the unique structures and abundant wax of I. aegyptiaca compared with neococcoids. Meanwhile, genes related to DNA repair, mitosis, spindle, cytokinesis and oogenesis, were included in the selected genes in I. aegyptiaca, which is possibly associated with cell division and germ cell formation of the hermaphrodite system. Chromatin-related process were enriched from selected genes in neococcoids, along with some mitosis-related genes also detected, which may be related to their unique PGE system. Moreover, in neococcoid species, male-biased genes tend to undergo negative selection relaxation under the PGE system. We also found that the candidate horizontally transferred genes (HTGs) in the scale insects mainly derived from bacteria and fungi. bioD and bioB, the two biotin-synthesizing HTGs were exclusively found in the scale insects and neococcoids, respectively, which possibly show potential demand changes in the symbiotic relationships. Conclusion Our study reports the first I. aegyptiaca transcriptome and provides preliminary insights for the genetic change of structures, reproductive systems and symbiont relationships at an evolutionary aspect. This will provide a basis for further research and control of scale insects.

Nanometer Zinc oxide (nano ZnO) composites are widely used in the packaging industry due to their excellent antibacterial properties. In this study, low-doped (0.2%) and high-antibacterial (99.9%, R = 6.9) nano ZnO composites with different matrices were prepared using a masterbatch blending method. To investigate the effect of different matrices on antibacterial properties, we decreased the solid content of nano ZnO to 0.05% and prepared antibacterial films by melt-blending with ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and amorphous polymer polycarbonate (PC). The results showed that low melt strength and high crystallinity would decrease the antibacterial activity of the composite. At room temperature, the PC with a frozen molecular chain can hinder the migration of small molecules, thereby reducing antibacterial activity. Polar ZnO is more compatible with polar vinyl acetate (VA), leading to the hindered surface migration of ZnO and reduced antibacterial activity. Most importantly, low crystallinity does not necessarily lead to a reduction in barrier properties. The dense and rich layered arrangement of polyolefin elastomer (POE) increases its ability to impede the migration of nano ZnO, thereby significantly reducing its antibacterial effectiveness. A concentration of 0.05% ZnO/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) exhibited an antibacterial rate of up to 99.3%. Additionally, adding a small amount of nano ZnO improves the tear resistance of antibacterial composite materials. This study provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of low doping, high antibacterial and excellent comprehensive performance.

Differentially Methylated CpG Sites (2173 Sites) in 24 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Tissues and 24 Non-cancer Nasopharyngitis Biopsy Tissues (NCNBT)

Kaplan-Meier curves estimation of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with high or low methylation levels stratified by tumor stage or the receipt of concurrent chemotherapy.

Supplementary Table S1: Clinicopathological Characteristics of 24 NPC and 24 NCNBT Supplementary Table S2: Clinical Characteristics of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients According to Gene Methylation Panel in Training, Validation, and Independent Cohorts. Supplementary Table S3: Primer Sequences of 28 Genes and GAPDH Supplementary Table S4: Primer Used for Pyrosequencing Methylation Analysis of Candidate Genes Supplementary Table S6: Data Analysis with PubMeth and NCBI PubMed Supplementary Table S7: Correlation Analysis between Methylation of Six Genes in the Training Cohort

Representative Pyrograms of Methylation Analysis by Bisulfite Pyrosequencing.

Ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) are thin anomalous patches on the boundary between the Earth's core and mantle, revealed by their effects on the seismic waves that propagate through them. Here we map a broad ULVZ near the Galápagos hotspot using shear-diffracted waves. Forward modelling assuming a cylindrical shape shows the patch is ~600 km wide, ~20 km high, and its shear velocities are ~25% reduced. The ULVZ is comparable to other broad ULVZs mapped on the core-mantle boundary near Hawaii, Iceland, and Samoa. Strikingly, all four hotspots where the mantle plume appears rooted by these ‘mega-ULVZs’, show similar anomalous isotopic signatures in He, Ne, and W in their ocean island basalts. This correlation suggests mega-ULVZs might be primordial or caused by interaction with the core, and some material from ULVZs is entrained within the plume. For the Galápagos, the connection implies the plume is offset to the west towards the base of the mantle.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns and prognostic value of microRNA-517b-3p (miR-517b-3p) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).Methods: Expression of miR-517b-3p in PVTT tissues and cells was estimated using qRT-PCR. The significance of miR-517b-3p were explored by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox regression assay and ROC analysis. Cell experiments were performed to examine the functional role of miR-517b-3p during progression of PVTT. The Biological process and Biological pathway analysis analyses were conducted through GSEA and FunRich. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was established through cBioPortal website. Results: miR-517b-3p upregulated in both PVTT tissues and cells compared with the controls. The upregulated miR-517b-3p served as a potential diagnostic biomarker to distinguish PVTT from PT and controls, associated with poor overall survival and acted as an independent prognostic factor. The cell proliferation, migration and invasion were proved to be enhanced by overexpression of miR-517b-3p. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was suppressed by miR-517b-3p knockdown and might be involved in progression of PVTT. Conclusion: miR-517b-3p may promote PVTT cell proliferation, migration and invasion via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. miR-517b-3p overexpression in PVTT samples, and serves as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC patients with PVTT.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the surface area ratio of medial tibial plateau (MTP) to lateral tibial plateau (LTP) and the mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA).Lower limb computed tomography (CT) images were collected at our hospital. Then, the original CT data were analyzed and reconstructed using medical image processing software. The proximal and distal centres of the femur and tibia were marked. The surface areas of MTP and LTP were identified using image processing software. GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 was used to perform the statistical analysis.The surface area ratio of MTP to LTP was significantly correlated with the mTFA in all patients (P0.0001), male group (P0.0001), female group (P0.0001), varus group (P0.0001), and valgus group (P=0.002). Furthermore, the surface area of MTP and LTP was significantly greater in the male group than in the female group (P0.0001). There was significant difference in the surface area of the MTP between the varus and valgus groups (P0.0001). Significant difference was also observed in the surface area ratio of MTP to LTP between the varus and valgus groups (P0.0001).The surface area ratio of MTP to LTP was correlated with the mTFA. Within a certain range, the smaller the mTFA, the greater the surface area ratio of MTP to LTP. For patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, of whom the surface area of the MTP was basically equal to that of the LTP, it is recommended that the osteotomy should be performed in accordance with mechanical alignment standards, and that a symmetrical tibial plateau prosthesis should be used. For patients whose surface area of MTP is significantly greater than that of the LTP, it is recommended that the osteotomy should be performed in accordance with kinematic alignment standards, and that an anatomical tibial plateau prosthesis should be used.

In the post epidemic era, the online offline mixed teaching mode is in the development period, and college teachers and students are gradually familiar with this teaching mode. Taking the course introduction to petrochemical equipment management as an example, this paper deeply analyzes the development path of online offline mixed teaching mode. First of all, this paper explores the bottleneck of online teaching in the epidemic era, deeply analyzes the relationship between online teaching and offline teaching, and puts forward the possibility of integration of offline teaching and online teaching. Based on the above analysis results, this paper summarizes the opportunities of Blended Teaching in the post epidemic era. This paper puts forward the practice path of the online and offline mixed teaching mode of “Introduction to petrochemical equipment management”. Finally, the online and offline mixed teaching quality evaluation model of “Introduction to petrochemical equipment management” is constructed, the mixed teaching quality evaluation index system is determined, and the evaluation model based on improved firefly algorithm optimization fuzzy neural network is constructed, and the example analysis is carried out, and the online and offline mixed teaching quality of “Introduction to petrochemical equipment management” is determined as good, It provides a favorable theoretical basis for the reform strategy of mixed teaching mode, and also verifies the effectiveness of the evaluation model. &nbsp

Purpose: To clarify the prognostic value of molecular diagnosis of SLN metastases in cervical cancer using SCCA.Experimental Design: All SLNs and primary tumors, part of non-SLNs, were harvested from 36 patients with cervical cancer. Expression levels of SCCA, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA in 178 samples (29 primary tumors, 5 histologic positive nodes, 60 histologic negative SLNs, 69 non-SLNs, and 15 normal nodes) were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay. The quantitative value of SCCA or CK19 mRNA was described as each value relative to GAPDH mRNA. The cutoff value was set at the upper limit of the quantitative value of nodes from noncancer patients, and those above this value constituted the molecular metastasis group.Results: The SCCA mRNA expression values were more than 1 × 103 in 28 primary tumors and all histologic positive nodes, and its expression levels in SLNs were higher than in non-SLNs. SLNs from patients with adverse prognostic features had higher SCCA mRNA expression levels. Four histologic negative SLNs were diagnosed molecular metastases based on SCCA mRNA. Two cases with histologically uninvolved pelvic nodes recurred. Survival analysis indicates that molecular lymphatic metastasis based on elevated SCCA mRNA level is the best predictor of recurrence. However, CK19 is not a suitable marker due to its low specificity and relative higher baseline expression in normal nodes.Conclusions:SCCA mRNA levels for molecular diagnosis of SLN metastases in cervical cancer more accurately identifies patients at risk for recurrence than the routine histology does.

Supplementary Figure S1 from Molecular Diagnosis of Sentinel Lymph Node Metastases in Cervical Cancer Using Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen

Purpose:We aimed to evaluate the value of deep learning on positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT)–based radiomics for individual induction chemotherapy (IC) in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Experimental Design:We constructed radiomics signatures and nomogram for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) based on the extracted features from PET and CT images in a training set (n = 470), and then validated it on a test set (n = 237). Harrell's concordance indices (C-index) and time-independent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were applied to evaluate the discriminatory ability of radiomics nomogram, and compare radiomics signatures with plasma Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA.Results:A total of 18 features were selected to construct CT-based and PET-based signatures, which were significantly associated with DFS (P < 0.001). Using these signatures, we proposed a radiomics nomogram with a C-index of 0.754 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.709–0.800] in the training set and 0.722 (95% CI, 0.652–0.792) in the test set. Consequently, 206 (29.1%) patients were stratified as high-risk group and the other 501 (70.9%) as low-risk group by the radiomics nomogram, and the corresponding 5-year DFS rates were 50.1% and 87.6%, respectively (P < 0.0001). High-risk patients could benefit from IC while the low-risk could not. Moreover, radiomics nomogram performed significantly better than the EBV DNA-based model (C-index: 0.754 vs. 0.675 in the training set and 0.722 vs. 0.671 in the test set) in risk stratification and guiding IC.Conclusions:Deep learning PET/CT-based radiomics could serve as a reliable and powerful tool for prognosis prediction and may act as a potential indicator for individual IC in advanced NPC.

Supplementary Method

Figure S1. Flow chart of patient inclusion. NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma; PET/CT, positron emission tomography with computed tomography; CCRT, concurrent chemoradiotherapy; IC, induction chemotherapy; IMRT, intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Figure S2. The manual segmentation of (A) a patient with disease progression and (B) a patient without disease progression. Red region, the segmented tumors; green region, the segmented lymph nodes. Figure S3. DCNN architectures used in the study. (A) DCNN for CT image in training step; (B) DCNN for CT image in feature extraction step; (C) DCNN for PET image in training step; (D) DCNN for PET image in feature extraction step. Figure S4. Time-dependent ROC curves of radiomics nomogram in the training (A) and test (B) sets. ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under the curve. Figure S5. Radiomics nomogram score for each patients in the training (A) and test (B) sets. Figure S6. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of disease-free survival between high-risk and low-risk groups stratified by age, gender, overall stage, and pre-DNA. Figure S7. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of overall survival between high-risk and low-risk groups stratified by age, gender, overall stage and pre-DNA. Figure S8. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of DFS (A), OS (B), DMFS (C) and LRRFS (D) between IC+CCRT and CCRT alone for the whole 707 patients. IC, induction chemotherapy; CCRT, concurrent chemoradiotherapy; DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival; DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; LRRFS, locoregional relapse-free survival. Figure S9. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of DFS (A), OS (B), DMFS (C) and LRRFS (D) between IC+CCRT and CCRT alone for the 521 patients with low risk. IC, induction chemotherapy; CCRT, concurrent chemoradiotherapy. DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival; DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; LRRFS, locoregional relapse-free survival. Figure S10. An example of the feature maps generated from the DCNNs. Figure S11. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of DFS (A), OS (B), DMFS (C) and LRRFS (D) between IC+CCRT and CCRT alone for nomogram A-defined low-risk group. IC, induction chemotherapy; CCRT, concurrent chemoradiotherapy; DFS, disease-free survival; S, overall survival; DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; LRRFS, locoregional relapse-free survival. Figure S12. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of DFS (A), OS (B), DMFS (C) and LRRFS (D) between IC+CCRT and CCRT alone for nomogram A-defined high-risk group. IC, induction chemotherapy; CCRT, concurrent chemoradiotherapy; DFS, disease-free survival; S, overall survival; DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; LRRFS, locoregional relapse-free survival. Figure S13. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of DFS (A), OS (B), DMFS (C) and LRRFS (D) between IC+CCRT and CCRT alone for nomogram B-defined low-risk group. IC, induction chemotherapy; CCRT, concurrent chemoradiotherapy; DFS, disease-free survival; S, overall survival; DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; LRRFS, locoregional relapse-free survival. Figure S14. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of DFS (A), OS (B), DMFS (C) and LRRFS (D) between IC+CCRT and CCRT alone for nomogram B-defined high-risk group. IC, induction chemotherapy; CCRT, concurrent chemoradiotherapy; DFS, disease-free survival; S, overall survival; DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; LRRFS, locoregional relapse-free survival.

Table S1. Numbers of features remained after each selection step for CT-based signature building. Table S2. Numbers of features remained after each selection step for PET-based signature building. Table S3. Results of radiomics feature selection and Rad-score building. Table S4. Comparison of signatures combining features of different categories. Table S5. Results of univariate analysis. Table S6. Multivariate analysis results for disease-free survival in training set. Table S7. Baseline information of nomogram-defined high-risk and low-risk groups. Table S8. Survival outcomes between radiomics nomogram-defined high and low risk groups. Table S9. Results of multivariate analysis for the whole cohort. Table S10. Results of multivariate analysis within the high-risk group. Table S11. Results of multivariate analysis within the low-risk group. Table S12. Results of multivariate analysis within the low-risk group defined by nomogram A. Table S13. Results of multivariate analysis within the high-risk group defined by nomogram A. Table S14. Results of multivariate analysis within the low-risk group defined by nomogram B. Table S15. Results of multivariate analysis within the high-risk group defined by nomogram B.

Supplementary Result

BackgroundBiologists have long debated the drivers of the genome size evolution and variation ever since Darwin. Assumptions for the adaptive or maladaptive consequences of the associations between genome sizes and environmental factors have been proposed, but the significance of these hypotheses remains controversial. Eragrostis is a large genus in the grass family and is often used as crop or forage during the dry seasons. The wide range and complex ploidy levels make Eragrostis an excellent model for investigating how the genome size variation and evolution is associated with environmental factors and how these changes can ben interpreted.MethodsWe reconstructed the Eragrostis phylogeny and estimated genome sizes through flow cytometric analyses. Phylogenetic comparative analyses were performed to explore how genome size variation and evolution is related to their climatic niches and geographical ranges. The genome size evolution and environmental factors were examined using different models to study the phylogenetic signal, mode and tempo throughout evolutionary history.ResultsOur results support the monophyly of Eragrostis. The genome sizes in Eragrostis ranged from ~0.66 pg to ~3.80 pg. We found that a moderate phylogenetic conservatism existed in terms of the genome sizes but was absent from environmental factors. In addition, phylogeny-based associations revealed close correlations between genome sizes and precipitation-related variables, indicating that the genome size variation mainly caused by polyploidization may have evolved as an adaptation to various environments in the genus Eragrostis.ConclusionThis is the first study to take a global perspective on the genome size variation and evolution in the genus Eragrostis. Our results suggest that the adaptation and conservatism are manifested in the genome size variation, allowing the arid species of Eragrostis to spread the xeric area throughout the world.