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The aim of this systematic review is to explore the views and experiences of healthcare service providers regarding the delivery of non-pharmacological treatments for people with dementia living in the community.

Increasing domestic solid waste (DSW) is becoming one of the most serious challenges for city and regional environment. As an epitome of the society, the investigation on the influencing factors and reduction of DSW of university students can not only provide policy suggestions for the waste management in the university campus, but also can achieve demonstration effect to other communities due to its high social status and wide impacts. This research combined direct weighing, questionnaire surveys, and regression analysis to quantify the influencing factors of DSW at East China Normal University’s dormitory in Shanghai. Direct weighting and questionnaire survey were conducted in 112 randomly selected dormitory rooms. Totally 523 valid questionnaires were collected. It is found that the average waste generation was 0.275 kg/day/cap, in which residual waste accounted for 64% of total, followed by household food waste (29%), and recyclable waste (7%). Regressions based on ordinary least square method suggested that students’ attitude towards waste played the most important role in affecting the waste reduction with its elasticity − 0.195. Lower educational level and better financial condition would lead to more waste generation, whose elasticity was 0.148 and 0.098 respectively. The influences of gender and major varied from waste types. Policies implications for university administration departments for sustainable waste and resource management include developing personalized and humanized waste management policies, enhancing environmental awareness through diverse educational activities, and expanding the publicity role of campus cultural activities on waste reduction.

Additional file 6: Supplemental Table 1. Treatment received and clinical features of all study eyes at the last follow-up. *MRT was defined as the maximum retinal thickness of the scanned area measuredon all OCT B-scans of the study eye. †Due to severe macular edema and extensive PED, the SFCT and MRT of case 3 as well as the SFCT of case 4 could not be measured. BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; LogMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; CMT, central macular thickness; SFCT, subfoveal choroidal thickness; MRT, maximum retinal thickness; PDT, photodynamic therapy.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Scanning electron microscopy image of as-prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Figure S2. X-Ray photoelectron spectrum of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Figure S3. Size distribution of Fe3O4@Pt NPs. Figure S4. Zeta potentials of Fe3O4@Pt NPs during the synthesis and surface modification by PEG. Figure S5. (a) Optical photographs of Fe3O4@Pt nanoparticles dispersed in water, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), RPMI-1640 cell culture and fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 12 h. (b) Size distribution of Fe3O4@Pt nanoparticles dispersed in water, PBS and RPMI-1640. Figure S6. UV–vis absorption spectra of MB solutions degraded under different conditions ([Fe3O4]: 200 µg/mL, AC output current: 10 mA,10 mHz, [MB]: 2.5 × 10−5 M). Figure S7. UV–vis absorption spectra of MB solutions degraded by Fe3O4@Pt with different concentrations (AC output current: 10 mA,10 mHz, [MB]: 2.5 × 10−5 M). Figure S8. (a) UV–vis absorption spectra of MB solutions degraded by Pt NPs under the 10 mHz AC field in the presence and absence of H2O2([Pt]: 200 µg/mL, output current: 10 mA, [MB]: 2.5 × 10−5 M, [H2O2]: 100 µM). (c) Degradation rates of MB in the presence of Pt NPs with or without H2O2. Figure S9. (a) UV–vis absorbance spectra of 1,10-phenanthroline solutions with different Fe2+ concentrations, and (b) the relationship between the optical absorbance at 511 nm and the concentration of 1,10-phenanthroline solutions. Figure S10. Relative intracellular GSH in 4T1 cells with different treatments. ([Fe3O4]: 200 µg/mL; electric field: square wave AC field; output current: 5 mA, time: 10 min). Figure S11. Average body weights of mice after different treatments.

An economical source of nitrogen is one of the major limiting factors for sustainable cadaverine production. The utilization potential of soybean residue for enhanced cadaverine production by engineered Escherichia coli DFC1001 was investigated in this study. The SRH from soybean residue could get the protein extraction rate (PE) of 67.51% and the degree of protein hydrolysis (DH) of 22.49%. The protein molecular weights in SRH were mainly distributed in 565 Da (72.28%) and 1252 Da (17.11%). These proteins with small molecular weights and concentrated molecular weight distribution were favorable to be transformed by engineered E. coli DFC1001, and then SRH replaced completely yeast powder as an only nitrogen source for cadaverine production. The maximum cadaverine productivity was 0.52 g/L/h, achieved with a constant speed feeding strategy in the optimized SRH fermentation medium containing an initial total sugar concentration of 30 g/L and exogenous added minerals, which indicated that soybean residue could be a potential feedstock for economic cadaverine production.

In this paper, a novel solar water heating system (SWHS), capable of reducing the impact of solar radiation intensity fluctuations, has been fabricated by using phase change materials (PCM) for thermal energy storage and inserted oscillating heat pipe (OHP) for performance improvement. Different working modes can be selected according to the solar radiation intensity in different seasons and different climate conditions. A test rig has also been made for the performance measurement of the system. The full-year measurement in all kinds of environmental conditions has been carried out for a couple of consecutive years, in Nanjing city of China. The system performances, such as collecting efficiency (CE), average collecting efficiency (ACE), coefficient of performance (COP) and exit water temperature (EWT), have been measured and compared between the systems with and without PCM. Under similar operation conditions, the system with PCM is illustrated to have much better performances. In daytime, CE fluctuation with PCM is over 30% less than that without PCM. At summer night, EWT with PCM can keep over 50 °C, while EWT without PCM has an obvious decrease. At winter night, COP with PCM is over 3.0 that can make EWT reach to 50 °C in a much shorter time than that without PCM. The system presented is proved to be effective and useful in the application of solar energy.

Trajectory tracking is a basic yet highly important function for autonomous driving, and its performance differs with different sampling rates. That is, the performance usually improves at the expense of high computer cost, and reducing the sampling rate may drive the system to instability. In this paper, the influence of different sampling rates for autonomous vehicle control is discussed and a sampling rate design method is proposed. Firstly, a 2-DOF linear vehicle bicycle model with a preview model for trajectory tracking is introduced. With the combined model, a certain bandwidth expression is derived from the model transfer function, which is then utilized to deduce the range of possible sampling rates. Impacts of sampling rate on tracking performance is demonstrated by both simulations and experiments.

The coupling between the two sets of windings of dual three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM) deteriorates the dynamic performance of the system. A cross-decoupling method for the DTP-PMSM drive system is proposed in this paper. The inductance matrix in d-q axis can be got by the conversion of the inductance matrix in the static frame. So the mathematic model of the voltages of d-q axis with the complete decoupling can be derived and the two sets of windings can be controlled respectively with the proposed cross-decoupling method. The dynamic performance of the current loop is improved greatly with the coupled voltage between the two sets of windings compensated. The simulation results verify effectiveness of the decoupled control strategy.

The current rapid development of the remote sensing satellite industry provides a large amount of image data for ship classification tasks. Aiming at the problem of insufficient feature extraction of single source image, this paper designs a lightweight ship classification model based on the fusion of panchromatic image and multispectral image of pseudo Siamese network to extract image features more fully. First, establish a multi-source remote sensing image ship target classification dataset MPFS (MS and PAN Ship image Fusion Classification Dataset); secondly, send panchromatic images and multispectral images to the network through different convolutional layers, thendesign a multi-level feature extraction network for panchromatic images and an adaptive feature extraction network for spectral imagesrespectively; finally, concatenate the features along the channel dimension and send them to the classification network.

Along with China’s rising economy and higher education sector, when it comes to internationalization there appears to be a shift toward a more balanced dynamic between importing the world to China and exporting China to the world. This chapter explores recent changes in the internationalization of China’s humanities and social sciences (HSS) and their relationship with the nation’s longstanding cultural struggles. The analysis uses English-language academic journals as an example to illustrate the efforts China is making to engage in dialogue with the world, with the argument that a cultural rationale is fundamental for understanding the internationalization of China’s HSS.

Sentiment analysis is a key component in various text mining applications. Numerous sentiment classification techniques, including conventional and deep learning-based methods, have been proposed in the literature. In most existing methods, a high-quality training set is assumed to be given. Nevertheless, constructing a high-quality training set that consists of highly accurate labels is challenging in real applications. This difficulty stems from the fact that text samples usually contain complex sentiment representations, and their annotation is subjective. We address this challenge in this study by leveraging a new labeling strategy and utilizing a two-level long short-term memory network to construct a sentiment classifier. Lexical cues are useful for sentiment analysis, and they have been utilized in conventional studies. For example, polar and privative words play important roles in sentiment analysis. A new encoding strategy, that is, $��$-hot encoding, is proposed to alleviate the drawbacks of one-hot encoding and thus effectively incorporate useful lexical cues. We compile three Chinese data sets on the basis of our label strategy and proposed methodology. Experiments on the three data sets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms., 10 pages

A self-powered event-triggered wireless sensor network was developed for monitoring sabotage activities. The network has the capability of identifying suspicious activities and automatically sending out alarming signals. The sensor network consists of self-powered wireless alarming sensor nodes (SWASNs), router nodes, receiver nodes, GSM network and PC terminal. The SWASN is powered by a novel vibration-threshold triggered energy harvester (VTT-EH), which generates significant electric energy to power the sensor node only when the input vibration amplitude excesses a certain threshold. With the event identification capability, the SWASN sends out alarming signals to router node if sabotage activity occurs. The alarming signal is then transmitted to the receiver node and the control center through GSM network. The GSM network is used in the proposed network to achieve long distance transmission and the capability of handling large amount of sensor nodes over large areas. The developed sensor network was tested. The results show that the designed function was realized. The proposed sensor network can be used in various applications of activity monitoring in the field.

Three off-axis projection systems based on even aspheric surface reflectors and Zernike polynomial surface reflectors are designed using wave front aberrations analysis and modulation transfer function.The projection system consists of three reflectors,in which the number of Zernike polynomial surface reflectors is different.The first mirror M1 is concave to reduce the size of the second mirror and obtain high contrast ratio.The second mirror M2 and the third mirror M3 are convex to achieve a shorter projection distance and little system aberration.Optical performance analysis show that the system based on three Zernike polynomial surface reflector is the best,the MTF is more than 60% at 60 lp/mm and system distortion is less than 2.0% under the condition of F-number=2.8,the magnification of 80.Compared results with references show that the designed system based on three Zernike polynomial surface reflectors can more easily eliminate system aberrations,shorten system thickness and increase the visual angle and relative aperture.

According to the characteristics of semiconductor laser,beam plastic system of semiconductor laser is designed.First,the cylindrical lens is used to align and deflect the beam spread along the Y axis.Then the laser spread along X axis is aligned and expanded by the telescope system.Finally,transmitting laser beam is compressed using meniscus lens to realize beam shaping,reduce the beam divergence angle,improve the quality of the beam.Using ZEMAX software simulation system,the results show that the divergence angle of output beam along the X axis and the Y axis is 4.922 mrad after plastic,spot diameter is 1.2707mm,total length of plastic system is 65.6618mm,the maximum diameter of all element is 20.52mm.Both the quality of output beam and structure of the system are better than the similar products.

Based on the heat conduction theory,a two-dimensional axis symmetric transient physical model was established,of which GaAs was irradiated by Gauss laser.By solving the heat conduction equations using COMSOL Multiphysics analysis software,the curve of material surface temperature and the relationship between the temperature at the center of the light spot and material thickness were obtained,and then the relationship between threshold damage time of GaAs and the incident light power density was gained.The calculation results show that the laser induced damage is mostly decomposition damage in the areas where temperature exceeds decomposition temperature of material.The theoretical analyzing result is in accordance with the relative experimental result,so the laser irradiation effect model proves correct.

Merging MPLS into multicast routing protocol in Mobile Ad hoc network is an elegant method to enhance the network performance and an efficient solution for multicast scalability and control overhead problems. Based on the Wireless MPLS technology, the mechanism and evaluation of a new multicast protocol, the Label Switching Multicast Routing Protocol (LSMRP) is presented in this paper.

Merging MPLS into multicast routing protocol in Mobile Ad hoc network is an elegant method to enhance the network performance and an efficient solution for multicast scalability and control overhead problems. Based on the Wireless MPLS technology, the mechanism and evaluation of a new multicast protocol, the Label Switching Multicast Routing Protocol (LSMRP) is presented in this paper. Index Terms—WMPLS, multicast, label switching, Mobile Ad hoc network

This paper presents a self-powered wireless alarming sensor node (SWASN), which was designed to monitor the occurrence of concerning vibratory events. The major components of the sensor node include a vibration-threshold-triggered energy harvester (VTTEH) that powers the sensor node, a dual threshold voltage control circuit (DTVCC) for power management and a radio frequency (RF) signal transmitting module. The VTTEH generates significant electric energy only when the input vibration reaches certain amplitude. Thus, the VTTEH serves as both the power source and the vibration-event-sensing element for the sensor node. The DTVCC was specifically designed to utilize the limited power supply from the VTTEH to operate the sensor node. Constructed with only voltage detectors and MOSFETs, the DTVCC achieved low power consumption, which was 65% lower compared with the power management circuit designed in our previous work. Meanwhile, a RF transmit circuit was constructed based on the commercially available CC1110-F32 wireless transceiver chip and a compact planar antenna was designed to improve the signal transmission distance. The sensor node was fabricated and was characterized both in the laboratory and in the field. Experimental results showed that the SWASN could automatically send out alarming signals when the simulated concerning event occurred. The waiting time between two consecutive transmission periods is less than 125 s and the transmission distance can reach 1.31 km. The SWASN will have broad applications in field surveillances.

We present an overall framework for dy- namically visualized navigation mecha- nism of domain knowledge concerning learners' cognitive issues. The mecha- nism includes the construction of learning resource, domain knowledge entity, knowledge library based on domain- entity, learners' model, visualization of knowledge library, and navigation system guided by domain-entity.

Water treatment plants have to provide good water quality and at the same time low operational costs. Owing to various physical, chemical and biological interactions water treatment processes are often difficult to handle and reliable predictions for the course of processes are difficult to obtain. Developing monitoring in Automation Control System is a major industrial concern since those systems are more and more complex and involved in many safety critical application fields. The Automation system is being widely used in Power, Steel manufacturing, Oil and Gas, and Petrochemicals for monitoring, advance process control, regulatory and sequential control and various other functions. Automation system is operated either in single mode and or it is interfaced with other systems such as PLC, SCADA, and Etc for enhanced functionality. This paper focuses on an innovative and intelligent monitoring system for Water Treatment Plant that has been successfully designed, implemented and commissioned for large Gas Refinery after case study in international standards.

Tank Gauging by DCS (Distributed Control System) is much more than just automated inventory management, it's about having more control over your fuelling operation, collecting accurate information from your sites with less effort and allowing you to make better decisions about your assets. The DCS is being widely used in Power, Steel manufacturing, Oil and Gas, and Petrochemicals for monitoring, advance process control, regulatory and sequential control and various other functions. DCS is operated either in single mode and or it is interfaced with other systems such as PLC, SCADA, and Etc for enhanced functionality. Developing Distributed Control System is a major industrial concern since those systems are more and more complex and involved in many safety critical application fields. This paper focuses on an innovative and intelligent DCS for Tank Gauging Control system that has been designed, implemented and commissioned in large tank farm oil terminal after case study in international standards. The main scopes of DCS are described in this paper.

Developing monitoring in Distributed Control System is a major industrial concern since those systems are more and more complex and involved in many safety critical application fields. The Distributed Control System (DCS) is being widely used in Power, Steel manufacturing, Oil and Gas, and Petrochemicals for monitoring, advance process control, regulatory and sequential control and various other functions. DCS is operated either in single mode and or it is interfaced with other systems such as PLC, SCADA, and Etc for enhanced functionality. Monitoring of Tank Gauging by DCS is much more than just automated inventory management, it's about having more control over your fuelling operation, collecting accurate information from your sites with less effort and allowing you to make better decisions about your assets. This paper focuses on an innovative and intelligent Monitoring DCS based Tank Farm that has been designed, implemented and commissioned in large oil terminal after case study in international standards.

Combining with the characteristics of the postgraduate English listening and speaking course, interactive design principle for the multimedia courseware is put forward, and teaching goal design and concrete realization skills of the key points in the two activities are presented.

The paper introduces function and the architecture of Automated Multimedia Lecture Recording (AMLR) system, analyzes the advantages and deficiencies of AMLR system, and presents some important proposals for teachers and students about how to make a lecture video successfully.

A novel self-powered wireless sensing micro-system is proposed and prototyped. The micro-system can autonomously monitor the amplitude of concerning vibration when it reaches a preset threshold, and wirelessly transmit alarming/notification signals when the vibration lasts for a considerable period. The event-driven sensing/alarming function is enabled by a piezoelectric energy harvester that starts to generate electric power only when the monitored vibration level reaches a critical threshold. The harvester consists of two stages of vibratory structures that interact with each other via magnetic repulsion. The bistability leads to the threshold-triggered power-generating function. For adapting to various applications, the threshold can be preset by adjusting the gap-distance between the two magnets on the two vibration stages; thereby, the power-generating action can be switched on by the concerning vibration level. The working mechanism is verified by both theoretical analysis and test for the prototyped miniature harvesters. Based on the smart energy-harvesting function, an application specific electric-energy control circuit and an RF-transmitter are designed to form a nonsupply wireless alarming system. Experimental results validate the event-driven alarming function. The abnormal vibration event-induced wireless alarming signal is autonomously transmitted to over 2 km away when the vibratory excitation lasts for 1 min to generate electrical energy of about 2 mJ.

Sub-natural linewidth optical-pumping dips have been observed in a homogeneously broadened fluorescence line in Na atomic beam spectroscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of sub-natural linewidth dip by optical pumping. A theoretic explanation is given.