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By means of two different parametrizations of quark energy loss and the nuclear parton distributions determined only with lepton-nuclear deep inelastic scattering experimental data, a leading order phenomenological analysis is performed on the nuclear Drell-Yan differential cross section ratios as a function of the quark momentum fraction in the beam proton and target nuclei for E772 experimental data. It is shown that there is the quark energy loss effect in nuclear Drell-Yan process apart from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution as in deep inelastic scattering. The uncertainties due to quark energy loss effect is quantified on determining nuclear sea quark distribution by using nuclear Drell-Yan data. It is found that the quark energy loss effect on nuclear Drell-Yan cross section ratios make greater with the increase of quark momentum fraction in the target nuclei. The uncertainties from quark energy loss become bigger as the nucleus A come to be heavier. The Drell-Yan data on proton incident middle and heavy nuclei versus deuterium would result in an overestimate for nuclear modifications on sea quark distribution functions with neglecting the quark energy loss. Our results are hoped to provide good directional information on the magnitude and form of nuclear modifications on sea quark distribution functions by means of the nuclear Drell-Yan experimental data., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures

We use high-resolution $N$-body simulations to investigate the optical depth of giant arcs with length-to-width ratio larger than 7.5 and 10 in the `standard' $\LCDM$ model with $\sigma_8=0.9$ and $\Omega_{\rm m,0}=0.3$ and a model based on three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data. We find that, in dark-matter only simulations, the lensing probability in the three-year WMAP model (with $\sigma_8=0.74$ and $\Omega_{\rm m,0}=0.238)$ decreases by a factor of $\sim 6$ compared with that in the `standard' $\LCDM$ model. The effects of baryonic cooling, star formation and feedbacks are uncertain, but we argue that baryons will only increase the the lensing cross-section by a moderate factor, $\sim 2$. We conclude that the low central value of $\sigma_8$ and $\Omega_{\rm m,0}$ preferred by the WMAP three-year data may be too low to be compatible with observations if conventional assumptions of the background source population are correct., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted by MNRAS letters

Taking Hangzhou City in summer as a case, the thermal infrared remote sensing image (Landsat 5 TM) was used to extract and inverse the surface land cover types and surface temperature of Hangzhou City. The spatial distribution characteristics of urban heat island was analyzed in the city-scale through the thermal field analysis and profile analysis method. The corresponding relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics of Hangzhou urban heat island and landuse types were revealed. Then, the generative mechanisms of Hangzhou urban heat island were analyzed in the aspects of the evolution of urban landuse types, the changes of urban spatial pattern, the rationality of the urban land layout, and the emission of anthropogenic heat. Finally, in the perspective of urban planning, some mitigation countermeasures including the reasonable control of the expansion of urban landuse, construction of the urban ecological open space, optimization of the layout of urban landuse, and planning for underlaying surface were put forward. This aims to provide a reference to work in improving the thermal environment of Hangzhou City. Taking Hangzhou City in summer as a case, the thermal infrared remote sensing image (Landsat 5 TM) was used to extract and inverse the surface land cover types and surface temperature of Hangzhou City. The spatial distribution characteristics of urban heat island was analyzed in the city-scale through the thermal field analysis and profile analysis method. The corresponding relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics of Hangzhou urban heat island and landuse types were revealed. Then, the generative mechanisms of Hangzhou urban heat island were analyzed in the aspects of the evolution of urban landuse types, the changes of urban spatial pattern, the rationality of the urban land layout, and the emission of anthropogenic heat. Finally, in the perspective of urban planning, some mitigation countermeasures including the reasonable control of the expansion of urban landuse, construction of the urban ecological open space, optimization of the layout of urban landuse, and planning for underlaying surface were put forward. This aims to provide a reference to work in improving the thermal environment of Hangzhou City.

OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of locally produced Vi vaccine over a time period of longer than one year. METHODS: A double-blinded, randomized field trial was performed in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in south-western China, using 30 micrograms doses of locally produced Vi. Enrolled subjects were 3-50 years of age, although the majority (92%) were school-aged children, who have the highest rate of typhoid fever in this setting. A total of 131,271 people were systematically allocated a single dose of 30 micrograms of Vi polysaccharide or saline placebo. The study population was followed for 19 months, with passive surveillance conducted in the Ministry of Health and the Regional Health and Anti-epidemic Centre (HAEC). Clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever were confirmed by blood culture, or by serological reaction with O-antigen (Widal tests). FINDINGS: After 19 months, there were 23 culture-confirmed cases of typhoid fever in the placebo group versus 7 cases in the Vi group (Protective efficacy (PE) = 69%; 95% CI = 28%, 87%). Most of the isolates were from school-aged children: 22 cases in the placebo group versus 6 in the Vi group (PE = 72%; 95% CI = 32%, 82%). No serious post-injection reactions were observed. The locally produced Vi polysaccharide vaccine showed levels of protective efficacy similar to those for Vi vaccine produced in industrial countries. CONCLUSION: The slightly higher dose of vaccine did not seem to alter efficacy significantly in China.

Let $A(G)$ and $D(G)$ be the adjacency matrix and the degree diagonal matrix of a graph $G$, respectively. Then $L(G)=D(G)-A(G)$ is called Laplacian matrix of the graph $G$. Let $G$ be a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. Then the $LI$-matrix of $G$ are defined as $LI(G)=L(G)-\frac{2m}{n}I_n$, where $I_n$ is the identity matrix. In this paper, we are interested in extremal properties of the Ky Fan $k$-norm of the $LI$-matrix of graphs, which is closely related to the well known problems and results in spectral graph theory, such as the Laplacian spectral radius, the Laplacian spread, the sum of the $k$ largest Laplacian eigenvalues, the Laplacian energy, and other parameters. Some bounds on the Ky Fan $k$-norm of the $LI$-matrix of graphs are given, and the extremal graphs are partly characterized. In addition, upper and lower bounds on the Ky Fan $k$-norm of $LI$-matrix of trees, unicyclic graphs and bicyclic graphs are determined, and the corresponding extremal graphs are characterized., Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a crucial chemical with a wide range of applications in various industries, including paper bleaching, textile manufacturing and environmental protection for distillation, detoxification and color removal of wastewater. Electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) offers small scale decentralized process which is highly desirable for remote usages. Both oxygen reduction (eq. 1) and water oxidation (eq. 2) reactions could be exploited to produce H2O2. O2 + 2(H++e-) ---> H2O2 E0 = 0.7 V (1) 2H2O ---> 2(H++e-) + H2O2 E0 = 1.76 V (2) These reactions are simple and remarkable, but in practice selectivity toward the desired H2O2 product is an issue since these are not the thermodynamically favored reactions for oxygen reduction and water oxidation. Over the past years, several efforts have been made to find selective, and active catalysts for these reactions.1–4 In this work, by combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiment, we provide leads to design suitable electrocatalysts with high selectivity and activity for H2O2 synthesis from both processes.3 References (1) Siahrostami, S.; Verdaguer-Casadevall, A.; Karamad, M.; Deiana, D.; Malacrida, P.; Wickman, B.; Escudero-Escribano, M.; Paoli, E. a; Frydendal, R.; Hansen, T. W.; Chorkendorff, I.; Stephens, I. E. L. S.; Stephens, I. E.; Rossmeisl, J. Nat. Mater. 2013, 12 (12), 1137–1143. (2) Verdaguer-Casadevall, A.; Deiana, D.; Karamad, M.; Siahrostami, S.; Malacrida, P.; Hansen, T. W.; Rossmeisl, J.; Chorkendorff, I.; Stephens, I. E. L. Nano Lett. 2014, 14 (3), 1603–1608. (3) Siahrostami, S.; Li, G.-L.; Viswanathan, V.; Nørskov, J. K. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 1157–1160. (4) Shi, X.; Siahrostami, S.; Li, G.-L.; Zhang, Y.; Chakthranont, P.; Studt, F.; Jaramillo, T. F.; Zheng, X.; Nørskov, J. K. Nat. Commun. 2017 (SEPT), 1–12.

Platelets are reprogrammed by cancer via a process called education, which favors cancer development. The transcriptional profile of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) is skewed and therefore practicable for cancer detection. This intercontinental, hospital-based, diagnostic study included 761 treatment-naïve inpatients with histologically confirmed adnexal masses and 167 healthy controls from nine medical centers (China, n = 3; Netherlands, n = 5; Poland, n = 1) between September 2016 and May 2019. The main outcomes were the performance of TEPs and their combination with CA125 in two Chinese (VC1 and VC2) and the European (VC3) validation cohorts collectively and independently. Exploratory outcome was the value of TEPs in public pan-cancer platelet transcriptome datasets. The AUCs for TEPs in the combined validation cohort, VC1, VC2, and VC3 were 0.918 (95% CI 0.889–0.948), 0.923 (0.855–0.990), 0.918 (0.872–0.963), and 0.887 (0.813–0.960), respectively. Combination of TEPs and CA125 demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (0.889–0.955) in the combined validation cohort; 0.955 (0.912–0.997) in VC1; 0.939 (0.901–0.977) in VC2; 0.917 (0.824–1.000) in VC3. For subgroup analysis, TEPs exhibited an AUC of 0.858, 0.859, and 0.920 to detect early-stage, borderline, non-epithelial diseases and 0.899 to discriminate ovarian cancer from endometriosis. TEPs had robustness, compatibility, and universality for preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer since it withstood validations in populations of different ethnicities, heterogeneous histological subtypes, and early-stage ovarian cancer. However, these observations warrant prospective validations in a larger population before clinical utilities.

Rhopalopsole cestroidea Li, Mur��nyi & Gamboa, sp. nov. ( Figs. 11���15, 17���18, 22, 26���28) Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the lateral projections of tergum 10 being bifurcate with the upper spine subequal to the lower one in lateral view. The cercus lacks apical spine and the epiproct is a transverse oblong with blade-shaped anterior margin in dorsal view. Females are diagnosed by posterior margin of sternum 7 forming slightly produced pregenital plate, medial portion with a backward directed sclerotized rod. Description. Forewing length ca. 5.0 mm in males, 5.6 mm in females. Head brown, slightly wider than pronotum; compound eyes dark; antennae and mouthparts brown. Thorax brown, pronotum dark brown; wings infuscate; legs brown. Abdomen brown; vesicle, subanal lobe, epiproct and lateral projection dark brown. Male (Figs. 11���15). Tergum 9 weakly sclerotized except anterior margin with sclerotized lateral third, medial �� with a large drop-like mid-anterior sclerite surrounded by lateral and posterior membranous area. Posteromedial margin terminates in a thin sclerite together with tiny granules. Sternum 9 longer than wide, distal portion with distinct trapezoidal subgenital plate; vesicle dark brown, tongue-like in dorsal view, ca. 2.5X longer than width in lateral view, covered with dense hairs. Tergum 10 with sclerotized, bifurcate lateral projections, terminating in a triangular upper spine and a similar, subequal lower spine in lateral view; central plate sclerotized, posterior half darker with a quadrate medial elevation with fine granules, transverse bars slightly elevated medially, generally rhomb-shaped, posterior margin sclerotized. Cercus slender, ca. 3X longer than width, gently curved dorsally, without spine. Epiproct strongly sclerotized, hatchet-shaped with waved anterior margin in dorsal view, wider than long and nearly as wide as central plate, anterolateral corners acute but posterolateral corners rounded, with a wide mesal notch posteriorly. Subanal lobe distinctly sclerotized basally, rounded apex membranous and slightly tapering, ventral furrows well defined. Female (Figs. 17���18). Posterior margin of sternum 7 forming a slightly produced pregenital plate, the plate bearing sclerotized, distal margin with fringed hairs and medial portion with a backward directed sclerotized rod. Sternum 8 membranous except a slender transverse medial strip covered with hairs. Larva (Fig. 27). Typical for the genus, delicate and pale, with relatively little and short setation. No specific characters can be discerned. Type material. Holotype: male (HIST): China, Guangxi Province, Shangsi County, Shiwandashan National Forest Park, Pearl River above tourist route bridge, N21��53.913' E107��54.283', 375m, 27.iii.2015 (/15), leg. J. Kontsch��n, J.Y. Li, S. Li, W.H. Li, D. Mur��nyi, G.Q. Wang. Paratypes: 6♂ 10♀ (2♂ 6♀ HIST, 4♂ 4♀ HNHM (No.PLO83)): same data as holotype; 2♂ 4♀ (CAU): Shangsi County, Shiwandashan National Forest Park, 18.v.2013, leg. G.Q. Wang; 2♀ (HNHM: No.PLO94): Shangsi County, Shiwandashan National Forest Park, light trap on Yunwu Hotel balcony above Pearl River, N21��54.316' E107��54.203', 295m, 26���29.iii. 2015 (/14), leg. J. Kontsch��n, J.Y. Li, S. Li, W.H. Li, D. Mur��nyi, G.Q. Wang; 1♂ 5♀ (HNHM: No.PLO88): Shangsi County, Shiwandashan National Forest Park, forest seeps by the Pearl River, N21��54.216' E107��54.240', 265m, 27��� 29.iii.2015 (/16), leg. J. Kontsch��n, J.Y. Li, S. Li, W.H. Li, D. Mur��nyi, G.Q. Wang; 1♂ 8♀ (HNHM: No.PLO93): Shangsi County, Shiwandashan National Forest Park, Pearl River below tourist route bridge, N21��54.122' E107��54.292', 315m, 27���29.iii.2015 (/17), leg. J. Kontsch��n, J.Y. Li, S. Li, W.H. Li, D. Mur��nyi, G.Q. Wang; 16♂ 23♀, 4 larvae (HNHM: No.PLO119; 2♂ used for molecular studies): Shangsi County, Shiwandashan National Forest Park, small forest brook and the surrounding mountain forest, N21��50.574' E107��51.802', 365m, 28.iii.2015 (/20), leg. J. Kontsch��n, W.H. Li, D. Mur��nyi, G.Q. Wang; 1♀ (HNHM: No. PLO121): Shangsi County, Shiwandashan National Forest Park, light trap above the confluence of Pinglong River and Minan River, N21��51.929' E107��50.675', 315m, 28.iii.2015 (/21), leg. J. Kontsch��n, W.H. Li, D. Mur��nyi, G.Q. Wang. Etymology. The specific name, ���cestro-���, derived from Greek ���kestron���, a graving tool, refers to the shape of epiproct in dorsal view. Distribution and ecology. China, Guangxi; presently known only from the Shiwanda Mountains, a moderately high and isolated coastal range. This species occurred in large numbers associated with submontane rivers (Fig. 28) and a small forest brook, together with a diverse community of other stoneflies, but the only other Leuctridae was R. sinensis Yang & Yang, 1993. Many of the specimens were teneral and last instar larvae still occurred in the streams. This species apparently begins emerging in March (Figs. 26���27). The species can be attracted to light. Remarks. The new species seems a typical member of the R. vietnamica group, western assemblage sensu Sivec et al. (2008). The male of the new species seems closely related to R. hainana Li & Yang, 2010 from Hainan by sharing a quite similar epiproct but can be separated from the latter by lateral projections on tergum 10 with the upper spine being subequal to the lower one in lateral view and epiproct much wider than long and nearly as wide as central plate. R. hainana male epiproct is longer than wider and much narrower than central plate in dorsal view, the lateral projections on tergum 10 bearing a short upper spine and a larger lower spine in lateral view. Additionally, the cercus of the new species lacks a spine while that of R. hainana has a subapical spine., Published as part of Li, Weihai, Mur��nyi, D��vid, Gamboa, Maribet, Yang, Ding & Watanabe, Kozo, 2017, New species and records of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from Guangxi, China, on the basis of morphological and molecular data, with emphasis on Rhopalopsole, pp. 165-176 in Zootaxa 4243 (1) on pages 170-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/398758, {"references":["Yang, D. & Yang, C. K. (1993) New and little - known species of Plecoptera from Guizhou Province (III). Entomotaxonomia, 15 (4), 235 - 238.","Sivec, I., Harper, P. P. & Shimizu, T. (2008) Contribution to the study of the Oriental genus Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera: Leuctridae). Scopolia, 64, 1 - 122.","Li W. H., Li, G. L. & Yang, D. (2010) A new species of the genus Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from Sichuan, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 35, 310 - 312."]}

In heat sinks, the flow within the core exhibits separation and hence does not lend itself to simple analytical boundary layer or duct flow analysis of the wall friction. In this paper, we present some findings from an experimental and numerical study aimed to obtain physical insight into the influence of the presence of the shield and its position on the hydraulic and thermal performance of square pin fin heat sink without top by-pass. The variations of the Nusselt number and friction factor are obtained under varied parameters, such as the Reynolds number and the shield position. The numerical code is validated by comparing the numerical results with the available experimental data. It is shown that, there is a good agreement between the temperature predictions based on the model and the experimental data. Results show that, as the presence of the shield, the heat transfer of fin array is enhanced and the flow resistance increased. The surface temperature distribution of the heat sink base is more uniform when the dimensionless shield position equals to 1/3 or 2/3. The comprehensive performance evaluation approach based on identical pumping power criteria is adopted and shows that the optimum shield position is at x/l=0.43., {"references":["R. W. Knight, J. S. Goodling, D. J. Hall, Optimal thermal design of \nforced convection heat sinks-analytical, ASMEJ. Electron. Packaging \n113 (1991) 313-321.","P. Teertstra, M. M. Yovanovich, J. R. Culham, T. Lemczyk, Analytical \nforced convection modeling of plate fin heat sinks, in: Proceedings of \nthe Fifteenth IEEE SEMI-THERM Symposium, San Diego, \npp. 34-41.","S. Lee, Optimum design and selection of heat sinks, in: Proceedings of \nthe Eleventh IEEE SEMI-THERM Symposium, San Jose, CA, 1995, \npp.48-54","M. A. Butterbaugh, S. S. Kang, Effects of airflow by-pass on the \nperformance of heat sinks in electronics cooling, ASME Adv. Electron. \nPackaging 10 (2) (1995) 843-848.","H. Shaukatullah, W. R. Storr, B. J. Hansen, M. A. Gaynes, Design and \noptimization of pin fin heat sinks for low velocity applications, in: \nProceedings of the Twelfth IEEE SEMI-THERM Symposium, Austin, \nTX, 1996, pp.151-163.","H. Jonsson, B. Moshfegh, Modeling of the thermal and hydraulic \nperformance of plate fin, strip fin, and pin fin heat sinks-influence of \nflow by-pass, IEEE Trans. Components Packaging Technol.24 (2) \n(2001) 142-149.","M. B. Dogruoz, M. Urdaneta, A. Ortega, Experiments and modeling of \nthe hydraulic resistance and heat transfer of in-line square pin fin heat \nsinks with top by-pass flow, International Journal of Heat and Mass \nTransfer 48 (2005) 5058-5071.","S. A. El-Sayed, S. M. Mohamed, A. M. Abdel-latif, A. E. Abouda, \nInvestigation of turbulent heat transfer and fluid flow in longitudinal \nrectangular-fin arrays of different geometries and shrouded fin array, \nExperimental Thermal and Fluid Science 26 (2002) 879-900.","H. Jonsson, B. Moshfegh, Enhancement of the cooling performance of \ncircular pin fin heat sinks under flow by-pass conditions, in: Proceedings \nof the Eighth IEEE Inter Society Conference on Thermal Phenomena \n(ITHERM), San Diego, CA, 2002, pp.425-432. \n[10] C. R. Biber, C. L. Belady, Pressure drop predictions for heat sinks: what \nis the best method? ASME Adv. Electron. Packaging 19 (2) (1997) \n1829-1835. \n[11] A. Dvinsky, A. Bar Cohen, M. Strelets, Thermo fluid analysis of \nstaggered and in-line pin fin heat sinks, in: Proceedings of the Seventh \nIEEE Inter Society Conference on Thermal Phenomena (ITHERM), Las \nVegas, NV, 2000, pp.157-164. \n[12] H. Y. Li, G. L. Tsai, S. M. Chiang, J. Y. Lin, Effect of a shield on the \nhydraulic and thermal performance of a plate-fin heat sink, International \nCommunications in Heat and Mass Transfer 36 (3) (2009) 233-240. \n[13] G. Tsai, H. Y. Li, C. Lin, Effect of the angle of inclination of a plate \nshield on the thermal and hydraulic performance of a plate-fin heat sink, \nInternational Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 37 (2010) \n364-371. \n[14] Y.-l. Zhang, J-p. Liu, D-t. Chong 2, J-j. Yan, Experimental investigation \non the heat transfer and flow performances of the fin array with shield in \nbypass, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 56 (2013) 674–\n682. \n[15] R.J. Moffat, Contributions to the theory of single-sample uncertainty \nanalysis, ASME Transactions Journal of Fluids Engineering 104 (1982) \n250–258. \n[16] R.J. Moffat, Describing the uncertainties in experimental results, Exp. \nThermal Fluid Sci. 1 (1) (1988) 3–17. \n[17] A. Al-Sarkhi, E. Abu-Nada, B.A. Akash, J.O. Jaber, Numerical \ninvestigation of shrouded fin array under combined free and forced \nconvection, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 30 (3) (2003) 435- 444. \n[18] H. Li, M. Chiang, C. Lee, W. Yang, Thermal performance of plate-fin \nvapor chamber heat sinks, International Communications in Heat and \nMass Transfer 37 (2010) 731–738. \n[19] H. Li, M. Chiang, Effects of shield on thermal-fluid performance of \nvapor chamber heat sink, International Journal of Heat and Mass \nTransfer 54 (2011) 1410-1419."]}

The structure and extraframework cations of dehydrated zeolites (Ba,K)-G,L (Si/Al=1) and (Ba,Li)-G,L (Si/Al=1) are characterized by powder neutron diffraction. The results provide direct evidence of the similar structure directing roles which barium and potassium play in the syntheses of zeolites with the LTL topology.

LIU, Y.-T., JIN, C., CHEN, Z., CAI, S.-X., YIN, S.-N., LI, G.-L., WATANABE, T., NAKATSUKA, H., SEIJI, K., INOUE, O., KAWAI, T., UKAI, H. and IKEDA, M. Increased Subjective Symptom Prevalence among Workers Exposed to Trichloroethylene at Sub-OEL Levels. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1988, 155(2), 183-195 - Over 100 workers exposed to trichloroethylene (TRI) mostly at less than 50ppm during the production or vapor degreasing operation and about an equal number of the non-exposed control workers were examined for subjective symptoms, hematology, serum biochemistry, and sugar, protein and occult blood in urine. Essentially all the clinico-laboratory tests stayed normal, and there was no significant difference in the findings between the exposed and the controls. Thus, no clinically significant effects of TRI exposure were found in the blood and liver functions among the exposed workers as compared with the controls. The prevalence of the subjective symptoms was, however, significantly higher in the exposed group than in the controls, and dose-response relationship could be established in some selected symptoms such as nausea, heavy feeling in the head, forgetfulness, tremor in extremities, cramp in extremities and dry mouth, although the exposure was low. The findings warrant further attention to the effects of TRI especially on the central nervous system at the concentration lower than, e.g., 50ppm.