Search

This paper discusses two interrelated dimensions of sign languages: their scientific study and their social and legal status. Firstly, it traces the history of research on sign languages, indicating the different approaches adopted throughout the years and contextualizing the contributions that make up the monograph. It also points out the important contributions offered by the research in this area to the general theory of language. In addition, we address the main differences that can arise in the gestural - visual linguistic modality. Secondly , we focus on the main characteristics of deaf signers groups that contribute to the theory on the relationship between language and identity phenomena . Finally, we describe the legal status of the languages under scrutiny and recent initiatives pursuing their legal recognition., En este trabajo se abordan dos dimensiones sobre las lenguas de signos interrelacionadas: su estudio científico y su estatus social y legal. En primer lugar se traza la trayectoria de la investigación acerca de las lenguas de signos, indicando las diferentes perspectivas adoptadas a lo largo de los años y contextualizando las aportaciones que integran el monográfico. Asimismo, se indica la importante contribución que ha supuesto la investigación en el área a la teoría general sobre el lenguaje y las lenguas. También se indican las principales diferencias que posibilita la modalidad lingüística gestual - visual. En seg undo lugar, se abordan las principales particularidades de los colectivos de personas sordas signantes que contribuyen a la teoría sobre las relaciones entre los fenómenos lingüísticos y los fenómenos identitarios. A continuación, se describe el estatus le gal de las lenguas objeto de estudio y diferentes iniciativas recientes que reivindican su reconocimiento legal.

Desde hace 30 años el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano viene siendo nutrido progresivamente por la jurisprudencia constitucional a través de las acciones de tutela. Tal hecho constituye un cambio de paradigma para la estructura romano-germánica sobre la que esta edificado el sistema legal colombiano, con primacía en el imperio de la ley sobre las demás fuentes del Derecho. La Corte Constitucional mediante sus diferentes fallos se ha convertido en la vanguardia de los temas más trascendentales como, por ejemplo: la eutanasia, el aborto, el matrimonio homosexual y objeción de conciencia que han traspasado los efectos inter-partes a erga omnes. En este contexto se enmarca este nuevo desarrollo en el que mediante la Sentencia T-033/22 de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia, se da vía libre para que los ciudadanos que no se sienten identificados ni con el sexo masculino ni con el sexo femenino, sean reconocidos dentro de la categoría de no binarios en sus documentos de identidad ciudadana. Este artículo da cuenta casuísticamente del proceso judicial de Dani García Pulgarín quien es la accionante que permitió abrir el debate en pro de cambiar el statuo quo en esta materia. La metodología empleada recurre al uso de la hermenéutica jurídica para decantar un ejercicio de perspectiva de género, derecho y memoria histórica. Es por ello, que en un primer momento se harán unas aproximaciones biográficas, sociales y teóricas que permitan aterrizar los conceptos y el contexto del caso; en un segundo momento se desarrollara las situaciones jurídicas, judiciales y los alcances del fallo (decisum, obiter dicta y ratio decidendi); para finalmente terminar realizando un ejercicio de memoria histórica de justicia transicional mediada por las premisas de verdad, justicia y reparación con los ciudadanos que se reconocían como no binarios subjetivamente, y ahora a partir de sentencia, son reconocidos objetivamente por parte del Estado Colombiano. Universidad Libre - Facultad de Derecho - Maestría en Derecho Administrativo For 30 years the Colombian legal system has been progressively nurtured by constitutional jurisprudence through tutela actions. This fact constitutes a paradigm shift for the Roman-Germanic structure on which the Colombian legal system is built, with primacy in the rule of law over other sources of law. The Constitutional Court through its various rulings has become the vanguard of the most transcendental issues such as euthanasia, abortion, homosexual marriage and conscientious objection, which have transcended the inter-partes effects to erga omnes. In this context, this new development is framed in which, by means of Sentence T-033/22 of the Constitutional Court of Colombia, citizens who do not feel identified with either the male or the female sex, have been recognized within the category of non-binary in their citizen identity documents. This article gives a casuistic account of the judicial process of Dani García Pulgarín, who is the plaintiff that opened the debate in favor of changing the status quo in this matter. The methodology employed appeals to the use of legal hermeneutics in order to decant an exercise of gender perspective, law and historical memory. For this reason, in a first moment, biographical, social and theoretical approaches will be made to ground the concepts and the context of the case; in a second moment, the legal and judicial situations and the scope of the ruling will be developed (decisum, obiter dicta and ratio decidendi); to finally end with an exercise of historical memory of transitional justice mediated by the premises of truth, justice and reparation with the citizens who were recognized as subjectively non-binary, and now, from the ruling, are objectively recognized by the Colombian State.

Laws that recognise rivers and their ecosystems as legal persons or subjects with their own rights, duties and obligations have been associated with theories of environmental constitutionalism. However, the extent to, and manner in which, constitutional law (with its elevated status) has been instrumental in the conferral of these ‘riverine rights’ is still not well-understood. In this article, we consider the constitutional relevance of the recognition of rivers as legal persons or subjects in Aotearoa New Zealand, Colombia and India. We argue that in these three countries riverine rights are constitutional experiments: as small-scale, adhoc and ultimately incomplete attempts to transcend seemingly ineffective regulatory frameworks for rivers. However, they are also incremental, and influential, steps in a broader project of more fundamental social and environmental reform. This article was prepared with support of the Norwegian Research Council-funded project Riverine Rights: Exploring the Currents and Consequences of Legal Innovations on the Rights of Rivers.

This article considers the incidence and implications of“nikah-only”marriages inIreland, that is, marriages which are conducted according to the rites of theIslamic faith but which do not conform to the legal formalities for marriage underIrish law and thus are not legally recognised. Despite a growing Muslim populationin Ireland, little is known about Muslim marriage practice in this jurisdiction and noempirical research on this topic has been conducted to date. Without specific data onthe phenomenon of unregistered marriage, this article relies on an examination of theIrish legal formalities for marriage and available statistics on marriage in Ireland tohypothesise about the potential incidence of unregistered Muslim marriages in thejurisdiction. Although the formalities for religious marriage in Ireland are not par-ticularly onerous, it is argued that it is likely that Muslim marriages which do notmeet the requirements for legal recognition are occurring. This article will identifysome of the legal consequences for couples whose marriage is unrecognised and high-light the need for awareness-raising about Muslim marriage practices in Ireland sothat the Muslim community are fully aware of both the significance of seeking legalrecognition for their marriages and the challenges inherent in ensuring that theirmarriage will be legally recognised.

This paper aims to analyse legal recognition of polyamorous relationships and to examine the main obstacles to its feasibility in the short run. Preliminarily, I shall make a few notes on the state of the art in the matter of polyamory, discuss relevant terminology issues, and enumerate some of the main features of polyamorous relationships with a view to framing the debate on their legal recognition. Polyamorous relationships are then contextualized in the light of the radical changes which the traditional family has undergone since the second half of the 20th century. It is my claim that polyamorous relationships can be considered only the latest stage in that process of transformation, and that they will enjoy legal recognition at a sooner or later date. However, I shall acknowledge that this will probably not occur in the short term, and I shall analyse the main reasons why. My concluding argument is, nevertheless, that legal recognition of such relationships may be hailed as desirable., Whatever. A Transdisciplinary Journal of Queer Theories and Studies, 4(1), 357-380

The Solidarity Economy is presented as an alternative economic model and has been a recurring theme both in Latin America and in Europe. However, there is not yet a single accepted definition with respect to this alternative model. Sometimes conceptually different terms are used, but interconnected with each other and, especially in relation to Social Economy. Thus, the debate on the subject of the terms that define new economic experiences, centred on human values and solidarity, which oppose the current economic model, is very relevant for the advancement of these new ways of doing economics. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyse the context of the Solidarity Economy from the Latin American and European aspects. For this, the main authors are analysed on the subject, in order to examine the concepts, definitions and legal recognition of the Solidarity Economy in both continents. Likewise, the main platforms of the Social and Solidarity Economy at national, regional and/or global level are studied. From the results, the evolution of the concept of the Solidarity Economy in Latin America and in Europe is observed. Beyond its different evolutions, in both continents, the Solidarity Economy presents itself as an alternative economy to the current capitalist system, which shows that it is possible to contribute solidarity to economic relations. However, a greater debate is still pending on the conceptual and organizational delimitation of the Solidarity Economy. Also, currently eight countries in Latin America and eleven in Europe legally recognize the Solidarity Economy through laws, decrees, secretaries and/or institutes which shows the progress made. La Economía Solidaria se presenta como un modelo económico alternativo y ha sido un tema recurrente tanto en Latinoamérica y como en Europa. Sin embargo, no hay todavía una única definición aceptada con respecto a este modelo alternativo. En ocasiones se utilizan términos conceptualmente distintos, pero interconectados entre sí y, especialmente en relación a Economía Social. Así, el debate sobre la temática de los términos que definen las nuevas experiencias económicas, centradas en valores humanos y de solidaridad, que se oponen al modelo económico vigente, es muy relevante para el avance de esas nuevas formas de hacer economía. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el contexto de la Economía Solidaria a partir de las vertientes latinoamericana y europea. Para ello, se analizan los principales autores acerca del tema, con el fin de examinar los conceptos, definiciones y el reconocimiento legal de la Economía Solidaria en ambos continentes. Asimismo, se estudian las principales plataformas de la Economía Social y Solidaria a nivel nacional, regional y/o mundial. De los resultados, se observa la evolución del concepto de la Economía Solidaria en Latinoamérica y en Europa. Más allá de sus diferentes evoluciones, en ambos continentes la Economía Solidaria se presenta como una economía alternativa al sistema capitalista vigente, que muestra que es posible aportar la solidaridad a las relaciones económicas. Sin embargo, queda pendiente todavía un mayor debate sobre la delimitación conceptual y organizativa de la Economía Solidaria. Asimismo, actualmente ocho países de Latinoamérica y once de Europa reconocen legalmente la Economía Solidaria por medio de leyes, decretos, secretarias y/o institutos lo que muestra los avances realizados.

Общество это уникальная система. В нем отношения регулируются на основе определенных критериев. Это, конечно, делается с помощью различных документов. Делопроизводственные документы, личные документы – все они занимают особое место в определении правовых норм как важной, неотъемлемой части человеческой жизни, судьбы. В нашей литературе достаточно дискуссии по этому вопросу, которая учит правде жизни. В статье рассматривается использование проблемного обучения в дистанционном обучении по теме «Офисные документы и его особенности, цели и задачи»., Society is a special community system. Interpersonal relationships are regulated by the certain criteria. These are precisely implemented via documentation. Business documents, public and personal records — all these play an essential role in determining the rule of law as an important, integral part of human life and destiny. There is enough discussion in our literature on this issue, which teaches the truth of life.

La reconnaissance administrative du handicap a été institutionnalisée par la loi de 1975 sur l’orientation en faveur des personnes handicapées. À la faveur de la loi du 11 février 2005, ce système de reconnaissance a été profondément bouleversé. En effet, les anciennes Commissions départementales de l’éducation spéciale et Commissions techniques d’orientation et de reclassement professionnel ont aujourd’hui disparu au profit d’une institution unique : la Maison départementale des personnes handicapées (MDPH). Or la loi de 2005 ne procède pas à une simple fusion de ces deux institutions antérieures, mais à une réorganisation de la procédure décisionnelle. Cependant, cette réorganisation n’est pas sans risque pour la cohérence nationale des modalités de reconnaissance administrative du handicap et donc en définitive pour le respect de l’égalité de traitement des usagers devant ces institutions. The existence of a legal status for being disabled dates from a law of 1975 regarding making adjustments for people with disabilities. As a result of the law of 11 February 2005, the existing system for obtaining this status was deeply impacted. The previous Commissions départementales de l’éducation spéciale (Regional Commissions for Special Education) and Commissions techniques d’orientation et de reclassement professionnel (Technical Commissions for Orientation and Professional Redeployment) were replaced with a single type of organisation called MDPH, Maisons départementales des personnes handicapées (Regional authorities for people with disabilities). The law did not simply bring the two types of organisation together, but instead restructured the decision making process with regard to this status. This new system is not without risk to nationwide consistency in the awarding of the status of disabled, and thus to equality of treatment for users of these organisations.

Whilst the academic world has already started analysing the legal recognition of de facto couples ( coppie di fatto ), even more so since the Italian Parliament began discussing the Bill on the Patto civile di solidarieta (Pacs), the political debate on de facto couples has become more and more articulated after the Government drafted its bill on ‘Rights and duties of cohabitants’ (DiCo) early in 2007. Subsequently, the Italian Parliament recast previous proposals, including the governmental one, in a new bill introducing the ‘Contract of solidarity union’ (CUS). In this paper, both the general orientations and the specific traits of each of these three bills will be reviewed, against the background of both European and global experiences and good practices. It will be argued that, whilst there are significant differences in the general inspiration that characterises each bill, the reductionist concept of ‘solidarity’ runs across them as a common thread. Acknowledging the importance of this concept, it is claimed that the focus on reductionist solutions is derived from a frame of reference characterised by the binary approach of the Constitutional court and scholars alike, which insulates the traditional family from critical review and confines all other cohabitation arrangements within the boundaries of ‘solidaristic’ unions. It will thus be speculated that the Italian anomaly lies precisely in the fact that reductionist legislative solutions have up until now been presented by mainstream discourse as the maximum of legal protection that may be supported. It is argued that this approach neglects both the specific problem of marital equality for same-sex couples and the problematisation of broader concepts of masculinity and homophobia in Italian society. While maintaining that the Italian debate on de facto couples is deficient in terms of both the internal law reform process and openness towards foreign legal schemes, as recent court cases demonstrate, it is concluded that the way out of the present cul-de-sac could be more easily found once legal scholars accept that the right questions to be asked are different from the ones asked thus far.