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A scoping review will be conducted in order to summarise the available evidence on digital health and multidisciplinary management of obesity including overweight. Studies will be selected if the obesity management is based on nutrition education, promotion of regular physical activity and/or psychological support through digital health. The PRISMA-ScR checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review) will be followed. - Hypotheses and objectives Obesity is a multifactorial disease. Multidisciplinary approaches based on nutrition education, promotion of regular physical activity and/or psychological support provide an optimal management of obesity (1-4). As digital health enables people to manage their own health, digital health technologies might sustainably help to take charge of obesity (5, 6). - The objective of the scoping review is to summarise the available evidence on multidisciplinary management of obesity through digital health, based on nutritional, exercise and/or psychological support. - Design Plan: + Study type: Scoping review. + Study design: Scoping review based on a systematic search of evidence. The evidence will include observational (i.e. cross-sectional, case-control studies and cohorts) and experimental (i.e. randomised controlled trials or non-randomised trials) studies. - Sampling Plan: + Existing Data: The present study corresponds to the first research conducted by our group in this domain. + Explanation of existing data: Understanding on the existing data has been limited to exploratory non-systematic searches of reviews and studies using PubMed. + Data collection procedures: ++Eligibility criteria: Studies published in English since January 1st 2000 will be considered. Studies will be selected if they consider the management of obesity as a disease through digital health in humans. Eligible studies will have information on the multidisciplinary management of obesity, including overweight, through nutrition education, physical activity promotion and/or psychological support through digital health technologies. Original research will be eligible. Brief reports, reviews and commentaries will be considered as a potential source of references not found in our systematic search. The age range of inclusion will be between 6 and 64 years old: children (6-12 years), adolescents (13-18 years), adults (19-44 years) and people at middle age (45-64 years) having overweight or obesity. ++Exclusion criteria: Children and adults with normal weight (without overweight or obesity), Children < 6 years, Elderly people (≥ 65 years), Studies targeting the management of other chronic diseases than obesity as primary outcome (e.g. cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension…). In these studies, obesity is not considered as a disease, but as a risk factor of the other chronic diseases, Pregnancy, Articles published languages other than English, “Grey” literature (reports, doctoral theses, conference contributions, book chapters, editorials), unless they will be used to identify potential references. ++Systematic search: 1. An exhaustive systematic search of the literature will be performed through the following selected databases: PubMed covering all records from Medline, as well as in-processing publications, Scopus covering all records from PsycINFO and Web of Science, in addition to Medline records. If needed we will contact colleagues working on the topic of interest to ask to them for potential relevant material. 2. Joanna Briggs Manual: The scoping review will be performed according to the Joanna Briggs Manual: 2.1. Identification of key words An initial limited search in 20 previously published papers will be performed. This will enable us to identify the main keywords and synonyms associated with the topic. These keywords will be extracted from the title, abstract and the main text of the selected articles. A snowball search will be performed, based on the references cited in the selected papers. The 20 most significant studies will be selected from the snowball search. A MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms search will also be conducted. 2.2. - Execution of systematic search: The systematic final search will be conducted, in the selected databases, based on the combination of the selected keywords. The search strategy will have the following structure: “keywords for obesity” AND “keywords for digital health” AND “keywords for nutritional education OR promotion of physical activity OR psychological support”. The full electronic search strategy will be presented in the appendix of the final manuscript. ++Data charting process: The open access online software CADIMA (JKI—Julius Kühn-Institut, vers. 2.1.3 - Feb 2020) will be used to conduct the systematic search. +++ Papers selection: The literature search will be uploaded from the PubMed and Scopus databases into the software CADIMA as a bibliographic citation file that will be registered in RIS (Research Information Systems) format. The search results will then be combined. The duplicated studies will be detected and eliminated. In order to select the papers that will be included in the scoping review, the recorded papers will be screened. The screening of the identified references will be performed at the level of the title, abstract and the full text. Two independent researchers will work on the pre-selection and selection of the studies and a third researcher will act as a mediator for agreement of the selection. The titles, abstracts and texts should mention the multidisciplinary management of obesity through digital health, based on nutrition education, promotion of regular physical activity and/or psychological support. The following selection criteria will be applied to define the eligibility of a study: ++++ Population: Human 6-64 years, having overweight or obesity, no pregnant. ++++ Intervention/Exposure: Digital technologies to manage obesity including overweight, based on a multidisciplinary approach including nutrition education, promotion of physical activity and/or psychological support. ++++ Study Design: Observational studies (cross sectional studies, case-control, and cohorts) or interventional studies (randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials). A consistency check will be performed on a random sample of the selected references in order to assess the inter reviewer agreement, following the application of the selection criteria. +++ Data extraction: The following information will be extracted from the selected papers: ++++Study information: Specific Objective of the study (feasibility, efficacy or efficiency) Study design Study location and country (school, workplace…) Study duration (weeks) Study / Weight management program's name Type of digital health technology used (internet-based weight loss program, mobile application…) Name of the digital health technology used (MyFitnessPal, Lose it!....) ++++Target population: Adults / Children / Parent-child dyad (yes, no) Sample size Gender (N, %) Age (minimum, maximum) Dropout (N, %) ++++ Approaches: Nutritional intervention / Digital health-Nutritional intervention / Physical activity intervention / Digital health- Physical activity intervention / Psychological support intervention / Digital health- Psychological support intervention / Control Group / Dropout. - Study outcomes: + Feasibility, efficacy and/or efficiency + Anthropometric, biological, clinical, nutrition-physical activity and psychological related outcomes. - Data presentation: The presentation of the data and the results will include the description of the study selection process through a flow diagram based on the PRISMA for scoping review checklist, as well as a bibliographic reference list for each database after elimination of the duplicates, the results of the consistency check. The main findings will be presented in tables and supplementary material. - Co-authors contributions: HS conceptualized the study and coordinated the review. AB and SSFDC performed the systematic search. SSFDC, GRM and B Leners performed the papers selection and data extraction. HS acted as a mediator for agreement of the studies selection and data extraction. SS advised the team on the scoping review process. SSFDC and HS drafted the manuscript. AB, GF, SS, B Lefebvre and TB provided further input to the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content, and approved the final version. - Acknowledgement: We acknowledge Coralie Dessenne, Documentation Officer at the Luxembourg Institute of Health, for her support, especially her advice advising on the literature search. - References: 1. Bischoff SC, Damms-Machado A, Betz C, Herpertz S, Legenbauer T, Low T, et al. Multicenter evaluation of an interdisciplinary 52-week weight loss program for obesity with regard to body weight, comorbidities and quality of life--a prospective study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012; 36: 614-24. 2. Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M, Schindler K, Busetto L, Micic D, et al. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults. Obesity facts. 2015; 8: 402-24. 3. Yumuk V, Fruhbeck G, Oppert JM, Woodward E, Toplak H. An EASO position statement on multidisciplinary obesity management in adults. Obesity facts. 2014; 7: 96-101. 4. Ross MM, Kolbash S, Cohen GM, Skelton JA. Multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric obesity: nutrition evaluation and management. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010; 25: 327-34. 5. World Health Organisation. WHO Guideline: recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening. 2019. 6. Castelnuovo G, Simpson S. Ebesity - e-health for obesity - new technologies for the treatment of obesity in clinical psychology and medicine. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2011; 7: 5-8.

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International audience; The Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian-Floian) Saint-Chinian, La Maurerie, and Landeyran formations of the southern Montagne Noire (France) collectively contain at least two species of conulariids, namely Archaeoconularia cf. insignis and Conularia azaisi, the latter herein designated as the type species of the new genus, Galliconularia. A. insignis may also occur in the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Shale of southern Morocco, and an indeterminate species of this genus probably occurs in the Lower Ordovician Tonggao Formation of South China. Galliconularia azaisi differs from all other conulariids in having a raised facial midline and very fine, trochoidal transverse ribs which cross the midline ridge without interruption or diminution. In specimens preserving the outermost peridermal lamellae, the transverse ribs bear sub-microscopic nodes, and the broad interspaces are crossed by very slender interspace ridges. Finally, even though the Montagne Noire was part of the western Gondwanan passive margin during Cambro-Ordovician times, G. azaisi remains unknown outside of France.

Trabajo presentado en el 5th International Palaeontological Congress, celebrado en París (Francia) del 9 al 13 de julio de 2018, In recent years, the Upper Ordovician series of the Tafilalt area (eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco) have yielded several echinoderm Lagerstätten (or ’starfish beds’) providing a relatively continuous record of successive, nearshore, echinoderm-dominated assemblages from the early Sandbian to the Hirnantian. During this time interval, the composition of the Tafilalt echinoderm assemblages shows little change, with the persistence of the same dominating groups: edrioasteroids, eocrinoids, glyptocystitid rhombiferans, ophiuroids, solutans and stylophorans. Asteroids, coronates, crinoids and diploporitans are also present, though generally as minor components of these assemblages. From a palaeobiogeographic point of view, the Tafilalt assemblages share many similarities with Sandbian to early Katian faunas described in other high-latitude (peri)Gondwanan regions of the Mediterranean Province (e.g. Armorican Massif, Bohemia, Spain). During the late Katian time interval, typical ’cool-adapted’ Mediterranean echinoderm assemblages are suddenly replaced, in most peri-Gondwanan areas (e.g. Algeria, Aragón, Armorican Massif, Cantabria, Carnic Alps, Corbières, Montagne Noire, Portugal, Sardinia), by more ’temperate’ faunas, migrating southward from lower palaeolatitudes, and dominated by coronates, crinoids, and both caryocystitid and hemicosmitid rhombiferans. No such dramatic faunal turnover (’Boda Event’) is documented in the Tafilalt area during the late Katian time interval, probably because of its palaeogeographic position at higher palaeolatitudes.

Le recensement indien enregistre uniquement les tribaux et les dalits dont les groupes sont enregistrés au niveau de chaque État de l’Union (Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes). Il n’y a pas de listes de tribaux au Punjab, en Haryana, à Chandigarh, Delhi, et Pondicherry. Il n’y a pas de listes de dalits au Nagaland, à Andamans et Nicobars et aux Laquedives.

La fécondité est estimée à partir des données du Census of India 2011 selon la formule suivante :Nombre d'enfants âgés de 0 à 6 ans / Nombre de femmes âgées de plus de 6 ans

Un actif est considéré comme travailleur agricole, s’il travaille sur des terres en échange d’une rémunération (Census of India 2011).

La taille moyenne des foyers est estimée pour chaque district à partir des données du Census of India 2011 selon la formule suivante :Nombre de personnes / Nombre de foyers

Un actif est considéré comme cultivateur s’il travaille sur ses propres terres ou des terres louées à autrui (Census of India, 2011)

Tout actif n’ayant pas travaillé de manière régulière au cours des six derniers mois est enregistré comme travailleur précaire. (Marginal Workers, Census of India 2011).

Le recensement indien enregistre uniquement les tribaux et les dalits dont les groupes sont enregistrés au niveau de chaque État de l’Union (Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes). Il n’y a pas de listes de tribaux au Punjab, en Haryana, à Chandigarh, Delhi, et Pondicherry. Il n’y a pas de listes de dalits au Nagaland, à Andamans et Nicobars et aux Laquedives.

Trabajo presentado en el International Geoscience Programme Project 653 Opening Meeting (2016), celebrado en Durham (Reino Unido), del 25 de septiembre al 1 de octubre de 2016, The Fezouata Biota from the Ordovician of Morocco is preserved in a Konservat-Lagerstätte of major importance, that is today considered as an Ordovician ‘Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätte.’ The exceptionally preserved biota occur at di erent intervals within the Fezouata Formation. This Early Ordovician (Tremadocian – Floian) formation is composed mostly of ne-grained siliciclastics and was deposited on the peri-Gondwanan shelf near the palaeo-South Pole. According to recent sedimentological studies (Martin et al., 2016; Vaucher et al., 2016), the benthic communities of the Fezouata Biota lived in an open-marine environment, in a relatively shallow setting (upper o shore to lower shoreface) above storm wave base. The Fezouata Lagerstätte-bearing beds were initially estimated as ranging from upper Tremadocian to upper Floian (Van Roy et al., 2010) and later restricted to the upper Tremadocian (Martin et al., 2016). Here we present new biostratigraphical results from several fossil groups, including graptolites, trilobites, acritarchs, chitinozoans and conodonts. These new data provide for the rst time a precise biostratigraphical calibration of the Fezouata Biota. Acritarchs of the sub-assemblages of the messaoudensis-tri dum assemblage con rm the late Tremadocian age of the oldest Lagerstätte-bearing beds and allow a correlation with other peri-Gondwanan localities (Nowak et al., 2016). New graptolite studies (Gutiérrez-Marco and Martin, 2016) allow a detailed view of the most complete Lower Ordovician graptolite succession known from the African continent. They also indicate that most Lagerstätte-bearing beds are present in the late Tremadocian, while another level of exceptional preservation occurs in the ?Baltograptus jacksoni graptolite Biozones of middle Floian age. The conodont assemblages are devoid of any warm/tropical and temperate water taxa and belong to a ‘subpolar faunal domain.’ The conodont associations of low diversity con rm the late Tremadocian to basal Floian ages of the Lagerstätte (Lehnert et al., 2016).

In many countries, the provision of hospital care is turning into an industry with the increasing presence of large corporate hospital chains. Along with public agencies and small private operators, corporations are now investing in the Indian hospital sector. Since the 1980s, health sector reforms and the liberalization policy in India have created new profit-making opportunities in the health care market for local and international corporations. A new pro-market regulatory environment has helped private corporations to invest in the hospital sector. While the demand for hospital care has increased in India, public and private hospital care providers failed to deliver not only in terms of volume (i.e. number of beds) but also in term of quality of care. With such an untapped market and a favourable regulatory environment, corporations see a tremendous growth potential in Indian hospital care. This paper documents the formation of corporate hospital chains in India, their increasing prominence in the delivery of hospital care, and central and state government's role in this transformation., Dans de nombreux pays, les services hospitaliers se transforment en industrie avec la présence croissante de grandes chaînes hospitalières privée. A côté des agences gouvernementales, et des petits opérateurs privés, des entreprises investissent dans le secteur hospitalier indien. Depuis les années 1980, les réformes dans le secteur de la santé et la libéralisation de l'économie en Inde ont ouvert de nouvelles opportunités sur le marchés des soins pour les entreprises locales et internationales. Un environnement réglementaire favorable au marché a permis aux entreprises d'investir dans le secteur hospitalier. Alors que la demande de soins hospitaliers augmente, les opérateurs privés et publics traditionnels ont du mal à y répondre non seulement en termes de capacité (p.ex. le nombre de lits) mais aussi en termes de qualité des soins. Face à cette situation, et avec un environnement réglementaire favorable, les entreprises perçoivent un gisement de croissance majeur dans le secteur hospitalier indien. Le présent rapport documente la formation des chaînes hospitalières privées en Inde, leur proéminence croissante dans le secteur hospitalier, et le rôle du gouvernement central et des Etats de l'Union dans cette transformation.

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience; Alors que les services de santé et les hôpitaux connaissent d’importantes transformations, tant d’un point de vue institutionnel qu’architectural, peu de géographes s’aventurent sur ce terrain, pour comprendre notamment l’impact de ces transformations pour les patients et le personnel. Il existe pourtant une riche littérature sur le sujet dans le monde académique anglo-saxon qui s’appuie notamment sur le concept de paysage thérapeutique. L’enjeu du projet LiSo-LiSa consiste à voir comment on peut passer d’un concept de recherche comme le paysage thérapeutique à une méthode de travail pluri disciplinaire appliquée.Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de synthétiser cette riche veine bibliographique et d’indiquer les pistes exploratoires que nous poursuivons dans le cadre du projet LiSo-LiSa. Nous revenons dans un premier temps sur la trajectoire des hôpitaux comme lieux de soins, notamment dans l’évolution de leur conception, et des principes qui prévalent, les modèles, les objectifs assignés à l’architecture. Nous abordons ensuite la question, toujours ouverte de l’évaluation de ces transformations selon que l’on s’adresse aux financeurs ou aux utilisateurs. En conclusion nous discutons certaines pistes ouvertes par le projet LiSo-LiSa autour du concept de paysage thérapeutique.