1. Ecology, History, and Development: A Perspective from Rural Southeast Asia
- Author
-
Yujiro Hayami
- Subjects
MARKET COMPETITION ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,PRIVATE OWNERSHIP ,Shifting cultivation ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,AGRICULTURAL LAND ,COTTAGE INDUSTRIES ,Economics ,AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY ,FOOD POLICY RESEARCH ,WEALTH OF NATIONS ,FARM INCOME ,Ecology ,BANANAS ,Agrarian structure ,Peasant ,COFFEE ,POTATOES ,TROPICAL PRODUCTS ,FERTILIZERS ,TEA INDUSTRY ,Green Revolution ,EXTENSION ,FARMERS ,RICE YIELDS ,SUGAR ,LAND TAXES ,Development ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,LAND PRODUCTIVITY ,TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ,CASH CROPS ,EXPLOITATION ,COCONUTS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,EXPORT CROPS ,INDIGENOUS PEOPLE ,AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ,LONG-TERM CONTRACTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,MULTIPLE CROPPING ,FAO ,LAND REFORM ,CASSAVA ,CAPITAL REQUIREMENT ,CROP PRODUCTION ,COCOA ,Cash crop ,STATE ENTERPRISES ,TEXTILES ,LANDLESS LABORERS ,PALM OIL ,ARABLE LAND ,RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS ,PRIVATE PROPERTY ,AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ,AGRARIAN REFORM ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,SPECIALIZATION ,TAXATION ,SEEDLINGS ,TERRACING ,MONOPOLY ,INTERNATIONAL TRADE ,CROPPING ,EQUIPMENT ,OPPORTUNITY COSTS ,TREES ,AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ,TREE CROPS ,FARMING ,COCONUT OIL ,TROPICAL CROPS ,BANKS ,CULTIVABLE LAND ,LAND DISTRIBUTION ,ECONOMIC HISTORY ,SUGARCANE ,FOOD CROPS ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,VILLAGE COMMUNITIES ,ECOLOGICAL ZONES ,RICE PRODUCTION ,FERTILIZER ,RICE ,REPLANTING ,CULTIVATED LAND ,ECONOMICS ,RAINFED FARMING ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,SINGLE CROP ,WATER SUPPLY ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LAWS ,PLANTATIONS ,RICE VARIETIES ,PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,MAIZE ,RICE AREAS ,PRODUCERS ,DRAINAGE ,TAX ,TILLERS ,FARM LAND ,Agrarian reform ,FARM ,FARM PRODUCE ,HARVESTING ,COMMODITY ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,LAND USE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,KENAF ,PEPPER ,INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,OIL ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ,AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ,Agrarian society ,DISEASES ,COTTON ,OPPORTUNITY COST ,SEEDS ,CROPLAND ,INTEGRATION ,GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT ,CLOVES ,OLIGARCHY ,ECOLOGY ,RICE MILLING ,FARMS ,WAGES ,RICE RESEARCH ,STREAMS ,COCONUT ,CONTRACT FARMING ,MARKET VALUE ,TEA ,COCONUT PRODUCTS ,DRY SEASON ,CROP ,MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY ,INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ENVIRONMENTS ,GREEN REVOLUTION ,CORN ,AUTONOMY ,AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ,FREE TRADE ,LAND VALUE ,INCIDENCE OF PESTS ,REPUBLIC ,RICE CULTIVATION ,PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS ,SHARECROPPING ,ACCOUNTING ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ,FARMER ,PADDY ,FARM HOUSEHOLDS ,Economy ,ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ,LAND RESOURCES ,AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,TRADE FLOWS ,SOIL DEGRADATION ,Economics and Econometrics ,GNP ,MIGRATION ,AGRIBUSINESS ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,INTERCROPPING ,Population growth ,LABOR INPUTS ,SMALL PRODUCERS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ,AGRICULTURAL LABOR ,PLANTING ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,LIVESTOCK ,COPRA ,TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS ,PRODUCT QUALITY ,AGRICULTURAL PRICING POLICIES ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIC CHANGE ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,CINNAMON ,LAND DEVELOPMENT ,SHIFTING CULTIVATION ,PRODUCE - Abstract
The process by which different ecological conditions and historical trajectories interacted to create different social and cultural systems resulted in major differences in economic development performance within Southeast Asia. In the late 19th century, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand commonly experienced vent-for-surplus development through exploitation of unused lands. Nevertheless, different agrarian structures were created. Indonesia s development was mainly based on the exploitation of tropical rain forest under Dutch colonialism. It resulted in the bifurcation of the rural sector between rice-farming peasant proprietors and large plantations for tropical export crops based on hired labor. In the Philippines, exploitation of the same resource base under Spanish rule resulted in pervasive landlessness among the rural population. Relatively homogeneous landowning peasants continued to dominate in Thailand, where delta plains that were suitable only for rice production formed the resource base for development. These different agrarian structures associated with different social value systems have accounted for differential development performance across the three economies in the recent three decades.
- Published
- 2001