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We have designed and built an underwater measurement system, PORFIDO (Physical Oceanography by RFID Outreach) to gather oceanographic data from the Optical Modules of a neutrino telescope with a minimum of disturbance to the main installation. PORFIDO is composed of a sensor glued to the outside of an Optical Module, in contact with seawater, and of a reader placed inside the sphere, facing the sensor. Data are transmitted to the reader through the glass by RFID and to shore in real time for periods of years. The sensor gathers power from the radio frequency, thus eliminating the need for batteries or connectors through the glass. We have deployed four PORFIDO probes measuring temperatures with the NEMO-KM3Net-Italy Phase 2 tower in april 2013. The four probes are operative and are transmitting temperature data from 3500 m depth.

An array of 2424 2.6 m-long, 15 mm-diameter mylar straw tubes, arranged in two axial and four stereo layers, has been assembled. The array covers a cylindrical tracking surface of 18 m 2 and provides coordinate measurement in the drift direction and along the wire. A correction of the systematic effects which are introduced by gravitational sag and electrostatics, thus dominating the detector performance especially with long straws, allows to determine wire position from drift-time distribution. The correction has been applied to reach a space resolution of 40 μm with DME, 100 μm with Ar+C 2 H 6 , and 100–200 μm with CO 2 . Such a resolution is the best ever obtained for straws of these dimensions. A study of the gas leakage for the straw system has been performed, and results are reported. The array is being commissioned as a subdetector of the FINUDA spectrometer, and tracking performances are being studied with cosmic rays.

Neutrino telescopes are large underwater detectors, moored to the bottom of the sea, and connected to the shore by an electro-optical cable, which carries power to the telescope and data to the shore. The sensitive elements, called Optical Modules are glass spheres containing a photomultiplier tube and related electronics. We have designed and built an underwater measurement system, PORFIDO (Physical Oceanography by RFID Outreach), to gather oceanographic data from a neutrino telescope with a minimum of disturbance to the main installation. PORFIDO is composed of a sensor glued to the outside of an Optical Module, in contact with seawater, and of a reader placed inside the sphere, facing the sensor. Data are collected by the sensor and transmitted to the reader through the glass by RFID. The sensor, built using a WISP, gathers power from the radio frequency, thus eliminating the need for batteries or connectors through the glass. Data are sent to shore in real time for periods of years. We plan to deploy several PORFIDO probes with the NEMO Phase II tower in 2012 [1].

The commissioning of the control system is proceeding together with the commissioning of the LISA injector. In this paper we discuss the aspects of the control system evidenced during the first months of operation with emphasis on its advantages and limits. We believe this system to be a good solution for medium size accelerator with limited manpower, especially when flexibility is needed.

The fiber optic technology has been used to build a transmitter-receiver system capable of delivering channeltron or PM tube signals through a few hundred meter span. The intrinsic immunity of optical fibers to e.m. noise has been used to reduce noise problems in an experimental apparatus equipped with two electrostatic analyzers for coincidence (e, 2e) spectroscopy. A coincidence energy separation spectrum of He, used for calibration of the apparatus energy scale, has been measured using fiber optic links instead of coaxial cables. The system was completely built using cheap and easily available commercial components. The results show that fiber optic links could become a viable technique for noise reduction, high voltage decoupling and low temperature calorimeters signal transfer.

The possibility of using glass spark counters as active detectors in a Pb-sampling digital calorimeter for low energy γ range has been investigated in the framework of the DAΦNE Φ factory. The energy response and resolution using photons ranging between 40 and 80 MeV have been measured.

MARCO is a knowledge-based user interface for commissioning and operating modern accelerators and storage rings. Its purpose is to provide a model-referenced graphical interface system between the users and the machine. It allows access to modeling and simulation codes that are used in the design of the machine. It can be used to predict the effects of a change of parameters on the beam, or to compare the predicted with the measured effects. The design and prototype development of MARCO using HyperCard will be described in this paper.

The NEMO.RD Project is a feasibility study of a km 3 underwater telescope for high energy astrophysical neutrinos to be located in the Mediterranea Sea. At present this study concerns: i) Monte Carlo simulation study of the capabilities of various arrays of phototubes in order to determine the detector geometry that can optimize performance and cost; ii) design of low power consumption electronic cards for data acquisition and transmission to shore; iii) feasibility study of mechanics, deployment, connection and maintenance of such a detector in collaboration with petrol industries having experience of undersea operations; iv) oceanographic exploration of various sites in search for the optimal one. A brief report on the status of points i) and iv) is presented here.

An asynchronous data transmission optical network using single-mode fibers and capable of transmitting frequencies of a few Gbit/s at distances of tens of kilometers is presented. This network (or part of it) is of interest for application in particle physics.

The timing calibration is a delicate operation to perform for assuring the full functionality of a large underwater neutrino telescope. In this paper we illustrate the main features of our system for timing calibration tailored to the needs of the prototype of the NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory) apparatus. We point out that the approach proposed can be easily adapted to work in any underwater neutrino telescope.

We describe the control system for the new DAΦNE Φ-factory under construction at the Frascati National Laboratories. The system is based on a centralized architecture for simplicity and reliability. A central processor unit coordinates all communications between the consoles and the lower level distributed processing power, and continuously updates a central memory which contains the whole machine status. This memory constitutes the machine database prototype. A simple message passing scheme built on a system of mailboxes takes advantage of high speed busses and of Fiber Optic interfaces. Macintosh II personal computers are used as consoles. The lower levels are all built using the VME standard. I. DAΦNE The DAΦNE accelerator complex [1] of the INFN Frascati National Laboratories consists of a two ring colliding beam Φ-Factory and of a 510 MeV e+/einjector for topping-up. (See Fig. 1). The project has been approved by the INFN Board of Directors in June 1990 and the engineering design has started in January 1991. Construction and commissioning is scheduled for the end of 1995. The luminosity target is ~1033 cm-2 sec-1. The main features of the Φ-factory are : electrons and positrons circulate in two separate storage rings and collide at an horizontal half-angle θx = 10 mrad (in one or two interaction points) in order to achieve high collision frequency without parasitic crossings; the novel design of the magnetic lattice is a 4-period modified Chasman-Green type, with a 1.9 Tesla normal conducting wiggler magnet inside the achromat. a crab-crossing option is contemplated (if needed). injection is obtained through a LINAC and an accumulator damping ring. Fig. 1 : The DAΦNE Φ-Factory layout II. SYSTEM STRUCTURE Fig. 2 shows the general architecture of the control system. Three levels are defined: PARADISE (PARAllel DISplay Environment) is the top level, implementing the human interface. Several consoles, built on Macintosh II personal computers, communicate with the rest of the system through high speed DMA busses and fiber optic links. PURGATORY (Primary Unit for Readout and GATing Of Real time Yonder) is the second and central level of the system. It essentially contains only a CPU and a Memory in a VME crate. The CPU acts as a general concentrator and coordinator of messages throughout the system. This does not constitute a bottleneck, since we use very high speed busses (MacVee[2]) and fast fiber optic links. A measurement of the throughput of these busses [3] shows performances more than one order of magnitude better than using a conventional LAN. Using a polling mechanism the CPU also checks the lower level units, which relay significant changes in the machine situation. The updated information is stored in the central memory, where it is accessible from the consoles and it represents the prototype of the machine database. HELL (Hardware Environment at the Low Level) is the third level of the system and it is constituted by many (about 60) VME crates distributed around the machines. Each crate is equipped with at least one CPU which performs control and readout of the related elements in the machine. Only significant changes in the parameters are transferred to the Purgatory, thus hiding useless information from the central processor. A first estimate of the system gives about 7000 channels to be controlled.

We have implemented the standard ESONE CAMAC routines[1] as Hypercard[2] external functions (XFCN's), using MPW 3.1 PASCAL[3]. The routines are available in a demo stack, HYPPOCAMPUS (HYPercard POwer for CAMac PUShbutton), which is the software equivalent of the CAMAC Manual Controller. A simple VME interface is also provided. This work continues our attempt to use Hypercard as a powerful and simple human interface tool for data acquisition and control.

DANTE (DAΦNE new tools environment) is the control system for the DAΦNE Φ-factory under construction at the Frascati National Laboratories of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN). The main design goal has been to keep the software simple and easy to debug. Commercial components have been used whenever possible, with a preference for widely diffused and well established products, as opposed to“standards”. Macintosh computers are used throughout the system and LabVIEW has been chosen as development environment. We strongly oppose the “start from scratch” philosophy.

The installation of the 25-MeV superconducting electron linac LISA is in progress as Frascati INFN National Laboratory. The installation is scheduled to be completed in Summer 1991 and commissioning will follow immediately. The status of the project is reviewed, and the results of the first tests on various components are presented. >

An overview of the Frascati Phi -factory and the salient project features are presented. The engineering design of vacuum and magnetic components, diagnostics, power supplies of the accumulator ring and of the main rings is in progress. The main concern, at this time, is how to handle the multibunch instability that is the most harmful problem in the design of high current storage rings and the most serious limitation for the luminosity. The parasitic high-order modes of the RF cavities are responsible for such an instability. >

MARCO is a knowledge-based user interface for commissioning and operating modern accelerators and storage rings. Its purpose is to provide a model-referenced graphical interface system between the users and the machine. It allows access to modeling and simulation codes that are used in the design of the machine. It can be used to predict the effects of a change of parameters on the beam, or to compare the predicted with the measured effects. The design and prototype development of MARCO using Hypercard is described. >

The metastatic involvement of the spleen in epithelial ovarian cancer is rare and usually reflects late disseminated disease. Isolated parenchymal metastasis in the spleen is an extremely unusual event, in fact in most cases in medical literature, the spleen was involved as part of diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis. We report a rare case of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, which recurred in the splenic parenchyma 15 years after initial treatment. The patient underwent a splenectomy followed by six cycles of platinum-based poly-chemotherapy. Currently, 8 years after splenectomy, the patient has no evidence of relapsed disease. In the solitary splenic recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer our case suggests that accurate surgical resection of the spleen, followed by platinum-based chemotherapy, is correlated with a prolonged survival.

PORFIDO (Physical Oceanography by RFID Outreach) is a system designed to be installed in the optical modules of the NEMO experiment and possibly, in future underwater neutrino telescopes to gather oceanographic data with a minimum of disturbance to the main project and a very limited budget. The system gathers oceanographic data (temperature, etc.) from passive RFID tags (WISPs) attached to the outside of the NEMO optical modules with an RF reader situated inside the glass sphere, without the need of connectors or penetrators, which are very expensive and offer low reliability. Ten PORFIDOs will be deployed with the NEMO Phase 2 tower in 2011.

The authors have implemented the standard ESONE CAMAC routines as hypercard external functions (XFCNs), using MPW 3.1 Pascal. The routines are available in a demo stack, HYPPOCAMPUS (hypercard power for CAMAC pushbutton), which is the software equivalent of the CAMAC Manual Controller. A simple VME interface is also provided. >

Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to produce topographic images of uncoated and unlabeled deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in air, on a graphite substrate. The images show for the first time a DNA molecule that had been isolated while it was replicating.

The control system for LISA (INFN-LNF Frascati) is based on relatively short but very fast parallel buses. The high bandwidth available makes it possible to build a system where a central VME processor controls all data exchange in both directions. Data are continuously and autonomously read by the central processor from the hardware interfaces and stored in a central memory. Commands are passed in the opposite direction under operator control. Measurements of data flow rates show this system to be viable for small machines.

sites other than colon/rectum after mCRC diagnosis. By anatomic locations, 17.6% of patients had major surgeries on liver or lung (13.4% on liver and 4.9% on lung); and 32.3% had major surgeries on all other anatomic sites. Major surgeries on colon or rectum occurred in 35.9% of patients (32.9% on colon and 4.1% on rectum). Conclusions: Major surgeries are highly prevalent in patients with mCRC from this commercially insured population after mCRC diagnosis. This might have implications for anticancer drug therapy in mCRC patients.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of the tumor markers CA 72.4, CEA and CA 19.9 in the monitoring of gastrointestinal carcinomas. Our experience demonstrated the usefulness of the determination of CA 72.4 in the follow up of patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms.

The control and diagnostic system for LISA, a new accelerator under construction, is presented. The system is based on a multiprocessor environment and uses interactive graphical workstations and the VME data acquisition standard. Particular care has been given to the operator-machine interface. A strict hierarchical structure has been designed into the system for reliability and flexibility. The discussion focuses on the structure of the control system, the hardware architecture, and the software environment. >

We have measured the yield of e+, e− pairs in the reaction γp→pe+e− in the invariant-mass region 0.9≤M≤2.2 GeV. The result, based on 2·104 events, shows with a statistical significance of 7 standard deviations a new resonancelike single structure with width 5≤Γ≤30 MeV atM∼1100 MeV. For 1.2≲M≲1.8 GeV, the data exhibit an additional wide structure, which can be accounted for by two broad resonances at about 1400 and 1700 MeV. The existence of the ρ’(1250) and ρ″(1600) is neither proven nor excluded by the data.

Total cross sections for reactions e+e−→π+π−π0, π+π−π0, 2π+2π−π0, 2π+2π−2π0, 3π+3π− have been measured in the total c.m. energy range 1.42–2.20 GeV. Partial R=σhad/σσ+μ− values for two and four produced charged pions, and cross sections for positive and negative G-parity states are also reported.

If the cathode of a proportional wire device is made out of a suitably resistive material, it is possible to detect induced pulses using pick-up electrodes outside the device itself. Tests have been made on proportional tubes with helical delay lines, strips, or plates as pick-up electrodes. This method simplifies design and construction of pick-up electrodes, and furthermore allows unusual electrode arrangements.

Fiber optics have become in the last few years an extremely attractive method of data transfer. A short review of their properties and of their applications is given, together with some feelings from personal experience of the author.

Resistive tubes in the limited streamer mode with 1 cm granularity are described. Owing to resistive cathode transparency, both coordinates of a tube layer are readout by two sets of pickup strips. A graded cathode drift chamber with about 100 μm accuracy on both coordinates of the wire plane has been developed. It is again based on resistive cathode transparency, with external orthogonal strip readout, to which the charge centroid method is applied.

We present a study of the basic properties of tubes with thick sense wires (40–200 μm) operated in the limited streamer mode. The pulse shape, singles rate, detection efficiency and dead time are discussed, together with the influence of various parameters such as wire diameter, tube shape and dimensions, gas mixtures. The cathode material may be either conductive or resistive for multicoordinate readout. Preliminary results are shown on the possibility to use resistive plastics as cathode. The results of the study show the possibility to operate limited streamer tubes in a wide range of geometrical parameters, always maintaining their basic features, i.e. high reliability, easy construction, low cost of both detectors and readout electronics.

We have searched for possible narrow resonances produced in the reaction e + e − → hadrons, at Adone, in the mass interval. 1.45–1.92 GeV. Within the present statistics, no evidence has been found. We obtain an upper limit on the energy integrated resonant cross section of about 6% of the corresponding J/ψ(3.1) value.

CANDI2 is an intelligent CAMAC Crate Controller which implements high resolution color graphics and is intended to be easy to use in a laboratory environment for both data acquisition and process control.

The cross section for the reaction e + e - →π + π - π + π - has been measured at the e + e - storage ring Adone, in the to tal c.m. energy range 1.42–2.20 GeV. The peak and the following descent of the ϱ′(1600) resonance is observed. Using also lower energy data, and assuming that only one resonant amplitude contributes to the observed cross section, the parameters of the ϱ′(1600) are deduced.

We report on the results at ADONE to study the properties of the newly found 3.1-BeV particle.

A multiware detector consisting of an array of cubic sensitive cells operated in the limited streamer mode is presented. It should exhibit improved electromagnetic shower detection properties, due to soft electron absorption caused by its geometry.

Possible technical solutions to the problem of high speed data links between laboratories are presented. Long distance networks (WAN), ranging from tens to hundreds of kilometers, offer a variety of possibilities, from standard 64 Kbit/s connections to optical fiber links and radio or satellite Mbit channels. Short range (up to 2–3 km) communications are offered by many existing LAN (local area network) standards (e.g. Ethernet [1]) up to 10 Mbit/s. The medium distance range (around 10 km) can be covered by high performance fiber optic links and the now emerging MAN (metropolitan area network) protocols. A possible area of application is between the Gran Sasso Tunnel Laboratory, the outside installations and other Italian and foreign laboratories.

We are implementing an Ethernet interface for our intelligent CAMAC crate controller, CANDI 2, to connect it to the Ethernet Network which will tie together all of the Frascati National Laboratories computing facilities. We feel that Local Area Networks can add a lot of power and flexibility to a multicrate CAMAC installation.

The forthcoming FINUDA experiment at DANE is presented.

I would like to present some of the preliminary results of an experiment studying e+-e− interactions at the SPEAR colliding beam facility at SLAC. This experiment was predominately a single arm magnetic spectrometer for measuring e+-e− inclusive cross sections.

We report experimental results on the cross section for the reaction e + e − → hadrons as a function of the total c.m. energy in the range W = 1.42–3.09 GeV. The results, combined with those already existing below the charm threshold, clearly indicate a structure for R ( W ) = α ( e + e − → hadrons)/ α ( e + e − → μ + μ − ) in that energy region.