Search

Groundwater use of a lowland forest is especially important from the point of view forest ecosystem survival as drought periods become more severe, and the groundwater is going deeper in the Great Hungarian Plain. Diurnal methods using high frequency water table data are more and more popular nowadays to quantify groundwater consumption of groundwater dependent ecosystems. Riparian forest ecosystems were typical natural vegetation form alongside Great Hungarian Plain Rivers. These ecosystems were supplied by the river inundation of the river. Nowadays these forests are very rare and generally groundwater dependent. A representative of the rest of this ecosystem is a salt steppic oak forest in Ohat, on the edge of Hortobágy. Maps from the 18. century proof, that this area was continuously covered by forests before the great levee-building and water-regulation of Hungary, which drained the significant part of the Hungarian Great Plain.The hydrological year of 2021-2022 is particularly interesting in terms of water uptake analysis because of its extreme dryness and heat.Two groundwater wells settled in this research area and were instrumented by pressure transducers. The groundwater time series shows strong diurnal water table fluctuations, which we used for the calculation of oak forest groundwater transpiration. We found significant relationshipForest groundwater transpiration was significant at the first part of the growing season despite the relatively deep water table. When the water table sank to a depth of 4.7-4.8 m transpiration from the groundwater reduced very significantly. The relationship between water table depth and groundwater transpiration is significantly different when comparing the years 2021 and 2022. Results showed that drought caused lowering of the water table poses a threat to the groundwater dependent forest ecosystem.This article was made in frame of the project TKP2021-NKTA-43 which has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary (successor: Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary) from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-NKTA funding scheme.

The electrooxidation of phenol showed different rate of deactivation by varying the concentration of substituted phenols (4-chlorophenol, 4-methoxyphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol). This was due to the more favourable solubility properties of the product copolymers compared with poly(phenyleneoxide) the product which forms when only unsubstituted phenol is present. The nature of substituent, switching potential and oxidation potentials of the studied phenols were significant in prevention of electrode fouling. The best reproducibility could be achived upon addition of 4-chlorophenol. This offered a possibility for estimation of phenol concentration in non-aqueous systems.

2013-ban gyökeresen átalakult a pedagógiai szakszolgálati ellátórendszer hazánkban. Az intézményrendszer átszervezésének szakpolitikai céljai között az állami szerepvállalás növelése mellett megjelent az ellátórendszer hatékonyabbá tétele, az egyenlő hozzáférés feltételeinek megteremtése, a területi egyenlőtlenségek kiküszöbölése, valamint a szakszolgálati munka minőségi megújulásához szükséges feltételek biztosítása, az egységes szakmai minőség támogatása. Az addig különböző fenntartás alatt álló, többféle intézménytípusban, bizonytalan illetékességi körökkel működő szervezetek helyett egységes, tiszta profilú ellátórendszer jött létre megyei/fővárosi szerveződésű intézményekkel. Jelen tanulmány az átalakulás, a szervezeti és szakmai fejlesztés folyamatát mutatja be.

A tanulmány a Kádár-korszak politikai elitjének médiamegjelenését vizsgálja szövegbányászati eszközökkel. Bemutatja a korszak politikai reprezentánsainak körét, és kapcsolatot keres a médiamegjelenések aránya és az egyes részidőszakok politikai viszonyai, a szereplők politikai erejének változása között. A vizsgálat során a Népszabadság címoldalaiból készített korpuszon végeztünk névelem-felismerést, és az így kapott névlistát vetettük elemzés alá. A korszakon belüli belső politikai harcok eredményeként végbemenő személycserék, kinevezések és leváltások kifejezetten jól lekövethetők a politikusok médiareprezentációja alapján. A korszaknak nevet adó Kádár János vezető szerepe végig látszik; a vezetésből eltávolított politikusok a médiából is eltűnnek, a pozícióba kerülő politikai frakciók képviselőinek médiaszereplése pedig megnő. A médiamegjelenések gyakoriságát a formális pozíció és a tényleges politikai erő együttesen befolyásolja. A Népszabadság címlapján való gyakori megjelenés esetén következtetni lehet az aktuálisan magas pozíciót be nem töltő politikusok látens politikai erejére is.

The goal of this study is to calculate the eigenvalues that provide the eigenfre- quencies and the critical loads for two heterogeneous beams with three supports: the (first) [second] beam is (fixed)[pinned] at the left end, the intermediate support is a roller while the right end of the beams can move vertically but the rotation is prevented there. The beams are referred to as FrsRp and PrsRp beams. Determination of the (eigenfrequencies) [critical loads] leads to three point eigenvalue problems associated with homogeneous boundary con- ditions. With the Green functions that belong to these eigenvalue problems we can transform them into eigenvalue problems governed by homogeneous Fredholm integral equations. The eigenvalue problems can then be reduced to algebraic eigenvalue problems that are solvable numerically by utilizing effective solution algorithms.

Sulphonamide drugs (sulphamethazine, sulphamerazine, sulphadiazine, sulphathiazole) were studied in a wide potential window (between 2 and − 2 V) in acetonitrile, dimethyl sulphoxide and in 50–50 v/v% binary mixtures of acetonitrile and water. The voltammograms of the outlined compounds were very similar both in the anodic and cathodic part in each non-aqueous solvents except for sulphathiazole. These sulphonamide drugs were also investigated in presence of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and its sodium salt and the voltammograms changed due to an acid–base reaction. HEPES and its sodium salt could be investigated in acetonitrile only in their saturation concentration as they were slightly soluble in this solvent. In a separate experiment their solubilities were determined at 298 K in acetonitrile with the co-solvent calibration method using water as co-solvent. Complementary fluorescence studies in dimethyl sulphoxide did not show the presence of any interaction between sulphonamide drugs and HEPES as well as its sodium salt.

A 3D-nyomtatás, mint újszerű gyártási módszer egyre inkább terjed, és borítja fel a megszokott ipari konvenciókat. Míg eddig leginkább műanyag alkatrészek gyártásában kapott főszerepet, jelenleg egyre jobban terjednek a fém alapanyagú verziók is. Neves szerszámgép gyártók, mint pl. a DMG Mori, vagy a GE szállnak versenybe egymással, hogy a technológiát megvalósító berendezéseket alkossanak az ipar számára, ahol pedig egyre növekvő piaca van az ilyen gépeknek. Cikkem igyekszik választ adni arra a kérdésre, hogy hol van a helye ezeknek az eszközöknek az iparban, tekinthetőek-e szerszámgépeknek és alkalmazhatóak-e rájuk a szerszámgépek felépítését leíró/feltáró eljárások.

The present paper is devoted to the issue of what effect the axial load (compressive or tensile) has on the eigenfrequencies of a heterogeneous pinned-pinned beam with an intermediate roller support (called a PrsP beam). This problem is a three point boundary value problem (eigenvalue problem) associated with homogeneous boundary conditions. If the Green functions of the three point boundary value problem (BVP) are known the eigenvalue problem that provide the eigenfrequencies for the beam loaded axially can be transformed into an eigenvalue problem governed by a homogeneous Fredholm integral equation. The later eigenvalue problems can be reduced to an algebraic eigenvalue problem which then can be solved numerically by using an effective solution algorithm which is based on the boundary element method.

The profitability of cattle farming is largely determined by ensuring high-quality breeding animals for replacement and longevity in production. The provision of breeding animals requires adequate fertility of the cowherd and then intensive weight gain in the calf rearing period. For ensuring these demands, many management aspects must be considered. Continuous monitoring of the herd’s health status, including redox status, is essential. This review aims to provide a summary of relevant scientific data published in the last few decades regarding the role of oxidative stress (OS) in infertility of dairy cows and developmental diseases in calves, the major predisposing factors, and possible prevention.

Continuous changes in the world and Europe have posed new challenges to NATO. The Russian–Ukrainian conflict that began in 2014 has shown that, in addition to the fight against terrorism and peace operations, the possibility of procedures and confrontations in the traditional sense must not be forgotten either. In the 21st century, the battlefield conflicts are already taking place in a complex and rapidly changing environment that requires forces to keep pace with change because that is the only way they can perform their duties successfully. In response to the challenges listed, the Hungarian Government launched the Zrínyi 2026 Defence and Armed Forces Development Program, a full-spectrum force development program aimed at making the Hungarian Armed Forces a dominant force in the region. Among the developments affecting the shooting range of the program, the regularisation of the Lynx KF-41 infantry fighting vehicle should be highlighted. Due to its capabilities, the new Western instrument is sufficiently feasible for the battlefields of the future, but the procedures that we used before IFOR, i.e. the Eastern military equipment can no longer be applied. In our study, we present the features, modern challenges that a modern battlefield poses for a combat vehicle. We analyse the unique features of the Lynx Kf-41 and the challenges that will require vehicle application and team training in the future.

Individuals with high levels of blood-injection-injury (BII) fears are more likely to avoid health screenings, vaccination, and even minor medical interventions. This could result in more serious health issues, lower quality of life, and even shorter life expectancy. However, still little is known about how various emotions (i.e., fear and disgust) affect subjective evaluation on phobia-related stimuli, and what are the potential risk and protective factors that may change the perception of such stimuli throughout these emotions. We investigated the role of fear of medical interventions and the degree of disgust sensitivity in the evaluation of BII phobia-related content and whether previous relevant experience and age may provide protection against the development of a phobia. We collected online survey data from multiple university sources. Participants (N = 228) completed measures of medical fear, disgust sensitivity, prior relevant experience and medical knowledge. Participants were also asked to rate images related to medical settings on dimensions of valence, arousal, disgust, and threat. Our results suggest that high disgust sensitivity and fear of medical interventions may be a risk factor for avoiding medical settings. However, previous relevant medical experience may function as protective factor. The pandemic of recent years underscored the importance of medical intervention and screening tests. These results have implications for professionals helping (e.g., as counselors) people with BII phobia, and physicians and nurses in informing and treating patients.

Electrooxidation of selected phenylethers was investigated (2-phenoxyethanol, anisole, o-nitrophenyl octyl ether, diphenylether, fenoxycarb) on platinum and glassy carbon electrodes. The chosen solvents were acetonitrile, dimethyl sulphoxide, 1-propanol and mesityl oxide. In acetonitrile, at around 2 V characteristic voltammetric peaks appeared for all compounds. In dimethyl sulphoxide and 1-propanol, no relevant peak appeared due to the high overlapping with solvent electrooxidation. During anodic oxidation of o-nitrophenyl octyl ether and fenoxycarb, a bimolecular reaction takes place predominantly. In mesityl oxide due to its unsaturated bond, identical behaviour was observed for majority of compounds and the differences between the two electrodes are also highlighted in the surface studies. The images made with the aid of an optical microscope showed the formation of islands of products for each substrate after deposition from mesityl oxide.

The electropolymerization of Metanil Yellow was investigated in aqueous solutions containing inorganic acids (sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric and perchloric acid) as well as sulphonic acids (5-sulpho salicylic acid, sulphanilic acid, dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) and lauryl sulphate in its acidic solution. By the inorganic ions the conductivity increased in the sulphate, chloride, nitrate, perchlorate serie. Of the organic sulphonic compounds 5-sulpho-salicylic acid was found to be a very efficient dopant in increasing polymer conductivity being obviously better than the other sulphonate anions. The formed conducting polymer was not suitable for detection of the corresponding anion. Nitrite ions completely diminished the electric properties of the polymer due to the reaction resulting nitrosamine.

2019. junius 25-en Kiss Laszlo felkeresere harom kozgazdasz, Bod Peter Akos (egyetemi tanar, Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem), Farkas Peter (nyugdijas főmunkatars, KRTK Vilaggazdasagi Intezet) es Trautmann Laszlo (egyetemi docens, Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem) ult le beszelgetni a globalizacio es a kozgazdasag-tudomany kerdeseiről. A beszelgetest jelentős szerkesztesi munka kovette, amely soran minden szerző kiegeszithette sajat hozzaszolasat. Kiss Endre filozofus pedig, aki sajnos nem tudott reszt venni a beszelgetesen, irasban fogalmazta meg velemenyet. A keziratot 2019. oktober 29-en zartuk le.

Electrooxidation of N,N’-diphenylguanidine (1,3-diphenylguanidine) was investigated in aprotic (acetonitrile, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, propyleneoxide, nitromethane) and alcoholic (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, benzyl alcohol) non-aqueous solvents at platinum electrode with cyclic voltammetry. Its concentration was 5 mM in most cases. In acetonitrile and acetone a sharp voltammetric peak appeared around 1 V vs. reference and currents measured in the subsequent scans showed that the electrode fouled quickly. In dimethyl formamide, the anodic peak heights decreased slowly in the subsequent scans but in dimethyl sulfoxide weak deactivation could be observed both in smaller and in higher concentration. In alcohols, continuous deactivation could be also observed during electrooxidation of N,N’-diphenylguanidine. The permeability studies showed that the structure of the formed polymer films varied significantly according to the solvent used for electrodeposition.

The groundwater uptake of forest stands often generates disputes, especially in today’s drying climate. Forestry in Hungary does not take into account groundwater as a surplus water resource under 2 meters, while other sources show forest groundwater uptake in case of much deeper water table. White method is the most appropriate way to quantify water consumption. It is based on the transpiration-caused diurnal fluctuation of groundwater.Once in the Great Hungarian Plain, hardwood forests stood along the River Tisza. These riparian ecosystems were supplied significantly by river floods, directly or indirectly. These forests mostly disappeared because of land use changes and water regulation works. One of the relics is the Ohat Forest, a salt steppic oak forest on the edge of the Hungarian Puszta (Hortobágy). Historical maps prove that this area was continuously forested, even before the water regulations.Because of its dryness, the 2020/21 hydrological year is especially suitable for water uptake analysis. Its yearly rainfall sum was 469.8 mm, compared to the long-term average (more than 500 mm). A groundwater well was settled in the forest on 28th of May 2021, and on 22nd of June 2021 a vented pressure transducer was installed to monitor the water table. Logged time series show diurnal groundwater fluctuation, by which we can estimate the environment-dependent groundwater uptake of the oak forest.This research was supported by the NRDI Fund FK 20 Grant Project no. 134547 and TKP2021-NKTA-43 project at University of Sopron.

This study explores the characteristics of electrodeposition of the three hydroxybenzaldehyde isomers and selected hydroxybenzoic acids (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) from mesityl oxide solvent. Similar to recent advances of this solvent, used by electrochemical studies, the carbon–carbon double bond had significant influence on the formation of polymers from the outlined molecules. In case of most substrates the peak currents increased to a steady-state but electropolymerization of some substrates caused significant deactivation. Scanning electron microscopic and complementary voltammetric studies facilitated that the electrochemically formed polymers are present on the electrode surface in stackings. In viewpoint of analysis of 2-phenylphenol, the modifying deposit formed from 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde was the best with 5 µM detection limit obtained with differential pulse voltammetry. Furthermore, a new procedure was chosen for the involvement of a cavitand derivative into the organic layers with the purpose to improve the layer selectivity (subsequent electrochemical polymerization in an other solution). Further studies showed that in this way the sensitivities of as-modified electrodes were a little worse than without this step, thus indicating that application of this step is disadvantageous. Recovery studies of 2-phenylphenol were carried out on lemon rind without any treatment, and it was compared with the case when the outer yellow layer was removed by rasping. The inner tissues showed very high adsorption affinity towards 2-phenylphenol.

Due to the medical importance of dibenzoylmethane, one of the aims of the study was to find an appropriate packing material and a biologically friendly co-solvent to help its introduction into living systems. Accordingly, redox properties of dibenzoylmethane were investigated on glassy carbon electrodes in acetonitrile and in 1-propanol with cyclic voltammetry, and showed a diffusion-controlled process. In the anodic window, an oxidation peak appeared at around 1.9 V in both solvents. Cycling repeatedly between 0 and 2 V, the reproducibility of this peak was acceptable, but when extending the window to higher potentials, the electrode deactivated, obviously due to electrode material. The addition of the investigated tetrakis(3,5-dicarboxyphenoxy) cavitand did not significantly change the voltammograms. Further electrochemical experiments showed that the coexistence of water in acetonitrile and 1-propanol drastically reduces the solubility of dibenzoylmethane. Moreover, very rapid electrode deactivation occurred and this fact made the use of electrochemical methods complicated. Considering that both the cavitand and dibenzoylmethane are soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, the interaction of these species was investigated and formation of stable complexes was detected. This observation was verified with fluorescence quenching studies. The mixture of water and dimethyl sulphoxide also dramatically improved the solubility of the cavitand–dibenzoylmethane complex at high excess of water. The addition of cavitand improved the solubility of dibenzoylmethane, a property which supports the application of dibenzoylmethane in therapy.