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1. Incidence and trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990–1999

Author

THE DIAMOND PROJECT GROUP, BESSAOUD K, BOUDRAA G, DE ROPOLO MM, DE SEREDAY M, MARTI ML, MOSER M, LAPERTOSA S, DAMIANO M, VERGE C, HOWARD N, SCHOBER E, JORDAN O, WEETS I, GORUS F, COECKELBERGHS M, ROOMAN R, VAN GAAL L, FRANCO LJ, FERREIRA SRG, LISBOA HPK, KURTZ LA, GRAEBIN R, KUTZKE L, RODRIGES C, SAVOVA R, CHRISTOV V, IOTOVA V, TZANEVA V, PACAUD D, TOTH E, TAN MH, CARRASCO E, PEREZ F, ZE Y, BO Y, CHEN S, FU L, DENG L, SHEN S, TENG K, WANG C, JIAN H, JU J, YAN C, DENG Y, LI C, ZHANG Y, LIU Y, LONG X, ZHEN Z, SUN Z, WANG B, WONG G, ORREGO OV, ASCHNER P, DIAZ DIAZ O, DE ACOSTA OM, CINEK O, VAVRINEC J, OLSEN BS, SVENDSEN AJ, KREUTZFELDT J, LUND E, TULL ES, SELMAN GEARA A, ALMONTE AS, PODAR T, TUOMILEHTO J, KARVONEN M, NOTKOLA IL, MOLTCHANOVA E, TASKINEN O, LEVY MARCHAL C, CZERNICHOW P, KOCAVA M, NEU A, EHEHALT S, ROSENBAUER J, GIANI G, ICKS A, BARTSOCAS C, VAZEOU A, SOLTESZ G, LARON Z, GORDON O, ALBAG Y, SHAMIS I, PURRELLO F, ARPI M, FICHERA G, MANCUSO M, LUCENTI C, CHIUMELLO G, BRUNO G, PAGANO G, SONGINI M, CASU A, MARINARO A, FRONGIA P, ZEDDA MA, MILIA A, TENCONI MT, POZZILLI P, VISALLI N, SEBASTIANI L, MARIETTI G, BUZZETTI R, CHERUBINI V, OKUNO A, HARADA S, MATSUURA N, MIKI E, MIYAMOTO S, SASAKI N, MIMURA G, SHALTOUT A, QABAZRD M, AL KHAWARI M, BRIGIS G, DZIVITE I, KADIKI O, URBONAITE B, DE BEAUFORT C, GAREEBOO H, RUEDA OA, REESER M, ELLIOTT R, SCOTT R, WILLIS J, DARLOW B, JONER G, RAFIQUE G, JAWAD F, JIMENEZ J, PALACIOS CM, CANETE F, VERA J, ALMIRON R, BENITEZ GE, ESPINOLA CS, SECLEN S, WOZNICKA D, SZYBINSKI Z, PLACZKIEWICZ E, JAROSZ CHOBOT P, MENEZES C, PINA EA, RUAS MMA, RODRIGUES FJC, ABREU S, IONESCU TIRGOVISTE C, SHUBNIKOV E, MICHALKOVA D, BARK L, HLAVA P, MIKULECKY M, KRZISNIK C, BATTELINO T, URSIC NB, KOTNIK P, KO KW, CASTELL C, GODAY A, MAGZOUB M, DAHLQUIST G, SCHOENLE E, NAGATI K, KHALIFA FB, BURDEN A, RAYMOND N, MILLWARD BA, ZHAO H, PATTERSON CC, CARSON D, HADDEN D, SMAIL P, MCSPORRAN B, WAUGH N, BINGLEY P, MCKINNEY PA, FELTBOWER RG, BODANSKY HJ, CAMPBELL F, LAPORTE RE, LIBMAN I, ROSEMAN J, RAHMAN SMA, DE LLADO TF, LIPTON R, JORGE AM, GUNCZLER P, LANES R., DEVOTI, Gabriele, THE DIAMOND PROJECT, Group, Bessaoud, K, Boudraa, G, DE ROPOLO, Mm, DE SEREDAY, M, Marti, Ml, Moser, M, Lapertosa, S, Damiano, M, Verge, C, Howard, N, Schober, E, Jordan, O, Weets, I, Gorus, F, Coeckelberghs, M, Rooman, R, VAN GAAL, L, Franco, Lj, Ferreira, Srg, Lisboa, Hpk, Kurtz, La, Graebin, R, Kutzke, L, Rodriges, C, Savova, R, Christov, V, Iotova, V, Tzaneva, V, Pacaud, D, Toth, E, Tan, Mh, Carrasco, E, Perez, F, Ze, Y, Bo, Y, Chen, S, Fu, L, Deng, L, Shen, S, Teng, K, Wang, C, Jian, H, Ju, J, Yan, C, Deng, Y, Li, C, Zhang, Y, Liu, Y, Long, X, Zhen, Z, Sun, Z, Wang, B, Wong, G, Orrego, Ov, Aschner, P, DIAZ DIAZ, O, DE ACOSTA, Om, Cinek, O, Vavrinec, J, Olsen, B, Svendsen, Aj, Kreutzfeldt, J, Lund, E, Tull, E, SELMAN GEARA, A, Almonte, A, Podar, T, Tuomilehto, J, Karvonen, M, Notkola, Il, Moltchanova, E, Taskinen, O, LEVY MARCHAL, C, Czernichow, P, Kocava, M, Neu, A, Ehehalt, S, Rosenbauer, J, Giani, G, Icks, A, Bartsocas, C, Vazeou, A, Soltesz, G, Laron, Z, Gordon, O, Albag, Y, Shamis, I, Purrello, F, Arpi, M, Fichera, G, Mancuso, M, Lucenti, C, Chiumello, G, Bruno, G, Pagano, G, Songini, M, Casu, A, Marinaro, A, Frongia, P, Zedda, Ma, Milia, A, Tenconi, Mt, Devoti, Gabriele, Pozzilli, P, Visalli, N, Sebastiani, L, Marietti, G, Buzzetti, R, Cherubini, V, Okuno, A, Harada, S, Matsuura, N, Miki, E, Miyamoto, S, Sasaki, N, Mimura, G, Shaltout, A, Qabazrd, M, AL KHAWARI, M, Brigis, G, Dzivite, I, Kadiki, O, Urbonaite, B, DE BEAUFORT, C, Gareeboo, H, Rueda, Oa, Reeser, M, Elliott, R, Scott, R, Willis, J, Darlow, B, Joner, G, Rafique, G, Jawad, F, Jimenez, J, Palacios, Cm, Canete, F, Vera, J, Almiron, R, Benitez, Ge, Espinola, C, Seclen, S, Woznicka, D, Szybinski, Z, Placzkiewicz, E, JAROSZ CHOBOT, P, Menezes, C, Pina, Ea, Ruas, Mma, Rodrigues, Fjc, Abreu, S, IONESCU TIRGOVISTE, C, Shubnikov, E, Michalkova, D, Bark, L, Hlava, P, Mikulecky, M, Krzisnik, C, Battelino, T, Ursic, Nb, Kotnik, P, Ko, Kw, Castell, C, Goday, A, Magzoub, M, Dahlquist, G, Schoenle, E, Nagati, K, Khalifa, Fb, Burden, A, Raymond, N, Millward, Ba, Zhao, H, Patterson, Cc, Carson, D, Hadden, D, Smail, P, Mcsporran, B, Waugh, N, Bingley, P, Mckinney, Pa, Feltbower, Rg, Bodansky, Hj, Campbell, F, Laporte, Re, Libman, I, Roseman, J, Rahman, Sma, DE LLADO, Tf, Lipton, R, Jorge, Am, Gunczler, P, and Lanes, R.

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, type 1 diabetes, Incidence, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Global Health, World Health Organization, trend, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Endocrinology, Child, Preschool, geographical distribution, incidence, Internal Medicine, Humans, epidemiology, Female, Child
Abstract

Aims. To examine incidence and trends of Type 1 diabetes worldwide for the period 1990–1999. Methods. The incidence of Type 1 diabetes (per 100000/year) was analysed in children aged ≤ 14 years from 114 populations in 112 centres in 57 countries. Trends in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes were analysed by fitting Poisson regression models to the dataset. Results. A total of 43013 cases were diagnosed in the study populations of 84 million children. The age-adjusted incidence of Type 1 diabetes among 112 centres (114 populations) varied from 0.1 per 100000/year in China and Venezuela to 40.9 per 100000/year in Finland. The average annual increase in incidence calculated from 103 centres was 2.8% (95% CI 2.4–3.2%). During the years 1990–1994, this increase was 2.4% (95% CI 1.3–3.4%) and during the second study period of 1995–1999 it was slightly higher at 3.4% (95% CI 2.7– 4.3%). The trends estimated for continents showed statistically significant increases all over the world (4.0% in Asia, 3.2% in Europe and 5.3% in North America), except in Central America and the West Indies where the trend was a decrease of 3.6%. Only among the European populations did the trend in incidence diminish with age. Conclusions. The rising incidence of Type 1 diabetes globally suggests the need for continuous monitoring of incidence by using standardized methods in order to plan or assess prevention strategies.

Published
2006

2. Similar incidence of type 1 diabetes in two ethnically different populations (Italy and Slovenia) is sustained by similar HLA susceptible/protective haplotype frequencies

Author

Petrone, Antonio, Batellino, T, Krzisnik, C, Bugawan, T, Erlich, H, DI MARIO, Umberto, Pozzilli, P, and Buzzetti, Raffaella

Subjects
Adult, Male, Incidence, Slovenia, HLA-DR Antigens, HLA-DQ alpha-Chains, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Italy, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, HLA-DQ Antigens, HLA-DQ beta-Chains, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, HLA-DRB1 Chains
Abstract

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) seems to depend in part on the population frequencies of susceptible and protective HLA haplotypes. The present study aimed to (i): characterize the genetic susceptibility to T1DM in the Slovenian population, (ii) test the general hypothesis that T1DM incidence is related to the frequencies of susceptible/protective haplotypes, (iii) compare allele, haplotype and genotype frequencies in Slovenians and Italians that represent two white populations with a similar incidence of T1DM (7.9/100,000/year and 8.1/100,000/year, respectively). The haplotype found most frequently among Slovenian T1DM patients was DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (53%). The DR4-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 haplotypes conferring susceptibility to T1DM were those bearing DRB1*0401 (OR = 12), DRB1*0404 (OR = 4.7) and DRB1*0402 (OR = 4.5). Negative associations with the disease were found for the following haplotypes: DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602, DRB1*1301-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0603, DRB1*1101/1104-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301, and DRB1*1401-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0503. Our findings indicate that the low frequencies of susceptible genotypes, in particular, DR3-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201/DR4-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302, together with a high frequency of protective haplotypes, could in part explain the low incidence of T1DM in the Slovenian population. The combined frequencies of susceptible genotypes were similar in the two populations (Slovenia = 19.2%, Italy = 17.6%), and the 95% confidence limits of the OR values for each genotype in the two populations overlapped, indicating no significant differences between the values. We conclude that the similar incidences of T1DM in Italian and Slovenian populations are in part a reflection of similar frequencies of HLA susceptible/protective haplotypes.

Published
2002

4. Complete Response of Metastatic Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma to o,p'-DDD in a Child

Author

Krzisnik C, Petric G, and Jereb B

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Hematology, equipment and supplies, Adrenal Cortex Neoplasm, medicine.disease, Tomography x ray computed, Oncology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Carcinoma, Mitotane, Pediatric hematology, business, Complete response, medicine.drug
Abstract

(1988). Complete Response of Metastatic Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma to o,p'-DDD in a Child. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 65-69.

Published
1988

5. FAMILIAL INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS (IDDM) EPIDEMIOLOGY - STANDARDIZATION OF DATA FOR THE DIAMOND PROJECT

Author

Dorman, Js, Bessaoud, K., Desereday, M., Marti, M., Schober, E., Franco, L., Carlos Antonio Negrato, Russo, E., Schmidt, M., Vivolo, M., Colle, E., Schiffrin, A., Siemiatycki, J., Tan, Mh, Wornell, C., Carrasco, E., Lopez, G., Delosrios, Mg, Deacosta, Om, Diazdiaz, O., Vera, M., Norot, T., Uriate, A., Selmangeara, A., Hashem, N., Shawki, R., Eid, S., Taha, S., Reunanen, A., Tuomilehto, J., Tuomilehtowolf, E., Boehm, B., Rosak, C., Schmidt, K., Soltesz, G., Ramachandran, A., Mohan, V., Snehalatha, C., Viswanathan, M., Verma, Nps, Goel, A., Muntoni, S., Masile, P., Silvetti, M., Songini, M., Tronci, P., Chiarelli, F., Chiumello, G., Meschi, F., Bognetti, E., Tenconi, M., Devoti, G., Martinetti, M., Lorini, R., Severi, F., Pozzilli, P., Boccuni, M., Buzzetti, R., Sebastiani, L., Visalli, N., Pagano, G., Bruno, G., Merletti, F., Pisu, E., Matsuura, N., Fujieda, K., Okuno, A., Ooyanagi, K., Yano, K., Mimura, G., Futenma, H., Higa, S., Murakami, K., Nagayoshi, M., Khogali, M., Abdella, N., Gumaa, K., Shaltout, A., Elliott, R., Scott, R., Joner, G., Sovik, O., Jimenez, J., Palacios, C., Canete, F., Vera, J., Almiron, R., Rewers, M., Fichna, P., Walczak, M., Jozwiak, M., Woznicka, D., Ionescutirgoviste, C., Cheta, D., Goday, A., Castell, C., Gomis, R., Lloveras, G., Serranorios, M., Elamin, A., Eltayeb, K., Omer, M., Zein, K., Dahlqvist, G., Burden, A., Boddington, M., Burden, M., Sheera, S., Patterson, C., Hadden, D., Roseman, J., Acton, R., Go, R., Wagenknecht, L., Hamman, R., Kostraba, J., Malone, J., Leaverton, P., Schocken, D., Hodge, T., Lipton, R., Ballard, D., Palumbo, P., Brosseau, J., Sumbureru, D., Dorman, J., Laporte, R., Moy, C., Trucco, M., Dellado, Tf, Podar, T., Adojaan, B., Kalits, I., Grabauskas, V., Norkus, A., Padaiga, Z., Preiksa, R., Urbonaite, B., Shubnikov, E., Kalashnikova, L., Krzisnik, C., and King, H.

6. Testing for thyroid function recovery in children and adolescents with Hashimoto thyroiditis

Author

Tadej Battelino, Krzisnik C, Me, Gottschalk, and Wp, Zeller

Subjects
Male, Thyroxine, Treatment Outcome, Adolescent, Thyroiditis, Autoimmune, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Female, Prospective Studies, Thyroid Function Tests, Child, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Abstract

Thyroid function in children and adolescents with primary hypothyroidism owing to Hashimoto thyroiditis was studied to evaluate criteria for the discontinuation of thyroxine therapy. A cohort of 29 children and adolescents was prospectively studied for one year. A thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test with measurements of basal and stimulated thyrotropin and thyroxine was performed at the beginning of the study and 6 and 12 months later. In 59 percent of patients, persistent biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism was observed. Interindividual variations and variations among measurements in individual patients were much greater than those reported for healthy individuals. In one patient, all measured values were consistently normal, and the therapy was successfully discontinued. No single measurement or test could predict the natural course of disease. In summary, children and adolescents with hypothyroidism owing to Hashimoto thyroiditis can not have discontinued replacement thyroxine therapy on the basis of any single evaluation of thyroid function, as proposed for adults. If the decision to discontinue the therapy in this age group is made on the basis of previous follow-up, a substantial possibility of relapse remains and continuous follow up is necessary.

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