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No contexto educacional, em especial na escola pública, ampliam-se e agravam-se problemas em todos os níveis e modalidades de ensino, o que nos desafia a pensarmos as interfaces que precisam nortear a relação entre políticas educacionais, educação escolar, globalização e cidadania para dar conta das necessidades oriundas desse contexto. Essa reflexão tem por base uma análise qualitativa, quanto à abordagem do problema; reconstrutiva, crítica e hermenêutica, quanto ao objetivo; e, bibliográfica, com relação aos procedimentos, os quais se ancoram em autores vinculados à temática e, convida-nos a refletir sobre as relações entre as políticas educacionais e o contexto escolar, suas transformações no cenário atual e suas possíveis contribuições para a efetivação do direito à educação de qualidade e à formação cidadã dos sujeitos, marcado e transformado pela pandemia da Covid-19.

Zusammenfassung Weltweit befinden sich derzeit Hochschulen in einem Diskurs, wie der hybride Campus der Zukunft aussehen kann. Hybridität betont dabei das gleichzeitige Denken und Agieren in mehreren Räumen, insbesondere im physischen und digitalen Raum. Durch die Verknüpfung der Räume ergeben sich neue Handlungsoptionen und Lernsituationen. Für die Gestaltung hybrider Lernräume ist es notwendig, die verschiedenen Spielarten von Hybridität zu kennen und die Wirksamkeit und Gelingensbedingungen existierender Lösungsansätze zu verstehen.

A escola atualmente confronta-se com a necessidade de uma mudança em seu paradigma pedagógico. Hoje, ela não deve apresentar apenas as informações, ela precisa trabalhar com as informações que os estudantes trazem para a sala de aula. Esses estudantes, nascidos na era digital, estão acostumados com dinamismo, agilidade, tecnologia e vontade de agir. Diante dessa nova realidade, a gamificação surge como uma possibilidade eficaz para trazer engajamento, protagonismo a esse estudante que adentra a escola com a possibilidade de pesquisa em sua mão, com a impetuosidade de encarar desafios e com a vontade de ter o aprendizado por meios prazerosos, lúdicos e gratificantes. O estudo baseou-se na busca por diferenciações importantes para a temática em questão, voltando-se a teóricos especializados no assunto e na apresentação de um exemplo de gamificação feito em uma unidade escolar do Distrito Federal. Os resultados apontam que a gamificação proporcionou maior integração dos estudantes e permitiu uma eficácia interação nas atividades; intensificando, assim, a vivência com o lúdico, o aprendizado produtivo, a participação colaborativa; proporcionando, então, o protagonismo estudantil.

A comunicação pública da ciência na universidade tem o propósito de incentivar o diálogo entre a sociedade e seus cientistas. Ao envolver o cidadão nos debates sobre suas ações de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, a universidade possibilita a troca de conhecimentos com a comunidade. Aqui discutimos como essa relação é estabelecida por meio do projeto Pergunte aos Cientistas, no qual a população pôde esclarecer dúvidas sobre a COVID-19 com pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Nós, autoras deste artigo, fazemos parte da Agência Escola de Comunicação Pública e Divulgação Científica da Universidade Federal do Paraná, que se apresenta como a instituição de ensino mais antiga do Brasil. Por meio da análise descritiva, identificamos os públicos que participaram nessa ação e refletimos sobre a aproximação entre a sociedade e os cientistas. Para tanto, acionamos os conceitos de ciência aberta (Recomendação da UNESCO Sobre Ciência Aberta, 2021), divulgação científica (Caldas, 2010; Granado & Malheiro, 2015) e comunicação pública da ciência (Bucchi, 2008; Manso, 2015). Os estudos de formação de públicos (Dewey, 1946; Henriques, 2018) foram fundamentais para compreender como se dá a participação dos públicos no Pergunte aos Cientistas. A iniciativa tem demonstrado a importância de um cidadão ativo e ciente do seu entorno. Nesta troca de comunicação entre cientistas e a sociedade, ambos são beneficiados. Os cientistas conseguem mapear dúvidas e necessidades da população, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de pesquisas a partir das demandas sociais. Por sua vez, a sociedade descobre que também tem espaço para mostrar os seus saberes e adquirir mais conhecimento com uma universidade que abre as portas para a sua comunidade.

El uso de tecnologías digitales en el aula se intensificó a raíz de la pandemia del Covid-19. Este artículo presenta, desde la perspectiva de docentes universitarios de Colombia y Brasil, los pros y contras de su uso en las aulas. También propone alternativas de mecanismos de apoyo mediado por tecnología que permitan a los docentes e instituciones educativas establecer sus propias estrategias para enseñar y acompañar a sus estudiantes.

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz des Post-COVID-Syndroms (PCS) ist noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Die bisherigen Definitionen bilden vorrangig zeitliche Aspekte ab, lassen jedoch funktionelle Defizite sowie die Objektivierung von Symptomen außer Acht. Dies führt zu diagnostischen sowie therapeutischen Unklarheiten. In Pubmed wurde daher nach systematischen Reviews gesucht, die sich mit den Folgen einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion befassten. Die zugrunde liegenden Definitionen sowie zeitlichen Einschlusskriterien wurden extrahiert. 16 systematische Reviews wurden eingeschlossen, davon 11 mit einer Definition des PCS. In 58 % der analysierten Einzelstudien wurden Patienten mit einer Symptomatik > 12 Wochen und damit entsprechend der Definition des PCS inkludiert. Fazit: Eine weitere Präzisierung der Definition des PCS ist notwendig, um Diagnostik und eine multimodale Behandlung zu erleichtern und die knappen therapeutischen Ressourcen entsprechend zu nutzen.

In this study, we investigated whether metabolic dysfunction in women with Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) induces granulosa cell (GC) stress and activates in the endoplamatic reticulum and the mitochondria (UPRWomen who were diagnosed with PCOS (based on the Rotterdam criteria), were divided into two groups, PCOS with insulin resistance (PCOS-IR; n = 20) and PCOS with no insulin resistance (PCOS-nIR; n = 20), and compared to healthy oocyte donors (CONT; n = 20). Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed on the results of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) that determines IR using the concentration of fasting plasma glucose and fasting insuline. Expression of UPRWe found that several genes involved in UPROur findings suggest that the GCs of women with PCOS (with or without IR) are metabolically distressed and upregulate UPR

CERN/NASA “Accelerating the Adoption of Open Science”, from July 10th-14th at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland https://indico.cern.ch/event/1254282/ 12 July 2023 (Day 3)Open-Source from policy to practice slides

CERN/NASA “Accelerating the Adoption of Open Science”, from July 10th-14th at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland https://indico.cern.ch/event/1254282/ 10 July 2023 (Day 1)Strategic Plans and Policies Slides and other content &nbsp

CERN/NASA “Accelerating the Adoption of Open Science”, from July 10th-14th at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland https://indico.cern.ch/event/1254282/ 11 July 2023 (Day 2) Open Data Policies and Practices

CERN/NASA “Accelerating the Adoption of Open Science”, from July 10th-14th at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland https://indico.cern.ch/event/1254282/ 11July 2023 (Day 2)Open Data Policies and Practices

Avoiding loss is a crucial, adaptive guide to human behavior. While previous developmental research has primarily focused on gaining rewards, less attention has been paid to loss processing and its avoidance. In daily life, it is often unknown how likely an action will result in a loss, making the role of uncertainty in loss processing particularly important. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the influence of varying outcome probabilities (12%, 34%, and 67%) on brain regions implicated in loss processing (ventral striatum (VS), anterior insula (AI)) by comparing 28 adolescents (10–18 years) and 24 adults (22–32 years) during the anticipation of potential monetary loss. Overall, results revealed slower RTs in adolescents compared to adults with both groups being faster in the experimental (monetary condition) vs. control trials (verbal condition). Fastest RTs were observed for the 67% outcome probability in both age groups. An age group × outcome probability interaction effect revealed the greatest differences between the groups for the 12% vs. the 67% outcome probability. Neurally, both age groups demonstrated a higher percent signal change in the VS and AI during the anticipation of potential monetary loss versus the verbal condition. However, adults demonstrated an even greater activation of VS and AI than adolescents during the anticipation of potential monetary loss, but not during the verbal condition. This may indicate that adolescents differ from adults regarding their experience of avoiding losing monetary rewards.

Purpose This study aims to examine vicarious consumption (VC) via the video-game streaming platform Twitch. The authors posit that watching someone play can offer the same enjoyment (measured through emotional experience, mood and joy) as playing. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods approach was used. A qualitative phase involving semistructured qualitative interviews, naturalistic inquiry and netnography generated testable hypotheses, which were tested using a two-condition, between-subjects field experiment. Findings This research advances the understanding of vicarious and experiential consumption by finding evidence that VC can produce the same levels of emotional experience, mood, attitude toward the product, joy, brand community loyalty and positive word of mouth. It also demonstrates the moderating effect of familiarity on mood change. Research limitations/implications This research demonstrates evidence that VC can offer outcomes similar to active consumption (AC). The authors advance research on VC in a new context (video-game livestreaming vs esports and other contexts) and from a new perspective (viewing motivations vs consumer-oriented outcomes). This research thus presents opportunities to explore these and other affective, behavior and cognitive outcomes in other contexts. Practical implications To reach Twitch users, marketers must understand how and why media consumers watch. This research provides insight into the community necessary to create effective advertising. Originality/value Building upon Sjöblom and Hamari, focusing on motivations for VC of esports and other related works, the authors expand the context to video-game livestreaming as a whole and examine affective, behavioral and cognitive outcomes compared with AC. Though VC has been researched and conceptualized theoretically, empirical testing is rare. This research offers empirical evidence that VC can offer the same levels of enjoyment as AC.

BackgroundThe literature indicates a negative impact on the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It remains unclear if this negative impact persists even after lockdown measures are lifted. The current study therefore investigates the mental health status of students by drawing on two previous studies the present study seeks to investigate differences in the mental health status across three time points.MethodsA cross-sectional, anonymous online survey among students of six universities was conducted between April and May 2022 (N = 5,510). Symptoms of depression, anxiety, hazardous alcohol use and eating disorders as well as social and emotional variables were assessed utilizing standardized instruments. Risk- and protective factors for severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms were investigated using multiple regression models. Differences in e.g., symptoms of depression across three time points were assessed with one-way analysis of variance.ResultsMore than one third of students exhibited clinically relevant symptoms of depression (35.5%), hazardous alcohol use (33.0–35.5% depending on gender) or anxiety disorder (31.1%). Taken together, almost two out of three (61.4%) students reported clinically relevant symptoms in at least one of the aforementioned symptom patterns, while almost one fifth of students reported suicidal ideation or thoughts of self-harm (19.6%). Higher perceived stress and loneliness significantly predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms, while resilience and social support were identified as protective factors. Compared to 2020 and 2021, levels of depressive symptoms were significantly reduced in 2022, levels of hazardous alcohol consumption showed a small but significant increase from 2021 to 2022. Worryingly, prevalence of suicidal ideation was the highest yet, being significantly higher than in 2020 (14.5%) and 2021 (16.5%).ConclusionThese results confirm previous results that the pandemic had and still has a negative impact on the mental health of university students. The present study broadens this view by the fact that some areas seem to recover quicker, while others seem to increase worryingly. Especially the persistent rise in suicidal ideation from 2020 to 2021 and to 2022, a constant reduction in reported social support and associated perceived loneliness is concerning. The claim for low-threshold and accessible mental health support for university students remains the same as in the beginning of the pandemic.

Despite the need to generate valid and reliable estimates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe course of COVID-19 for the German population in summer 2022, there was a lack of systematically collected population-based data allowing for the assessment of the protection level in real-time.In the IMMUNEBRIDGE project, we harmonised data and biosamples for nine population-/hospital-based studies (total number of participants n=33,637) to provide estimates for protection levels against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 between June and November 2022. Based on evidence synthesis, we formed a combined endpoint of protection levels based on the number of self-reported infections/vaccinations in combination with nucleocapsid/spike antibody responses (“confirmed exposures”). Four confirmed exposures represented the highest protection level, and no exposure represented the lowest.Most participants were seropositive against the spike antigen; 37% of the participants ≥79 years had less than four confirmed exposures (highest level of protection) and 5% less than three. In the subgroup of participants with comorbidities, 46-56% had less than four confirmed exposures. We found major heterogeneity across federal states, with 4%-28% of participants having less than three confirmed exposures.Using serological analyses, literature synthesis and infection dynamics during the survey period, we observed moderate to high levels of protection against severe COVID-19, whereas the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection was low across all age groups. We found relevant protection gaps in the oldest age group and amongst individuals with comorbidities, indicating a need for additional protective measures in these groups.

Evidence of alterations in emotion processing in maltreated youth has been hypothesized to reflect latent vulnerability for psychopathology. However, previous studies have not systematically examined the influence of psychopathology on the results. Here, we examined emotion recognition and learning in youth who differed in terms of presence vs. absence of maltreatment and psychopathology and tested for potential sex effects. Maltreatment and psychopathology were assessed in 828 youth (514 females) aged 9–18 years using diagnostic interviews and self- and parent-report questionnaires. Emotion recognition was assessed via identification of morphed facial expressions of six universal emotions. For emotion learning, reward and punishment values were assigned to novel stimuli and participants had to learn to correctly respond/withhold response to stimuli to maximize points. A three-way interaction of maltreatment by psychopathology by emotion indicated that when psychopathology was low, maltreated youth were less accurate than non-maltreated youth for happy, fear and disgust. A three-way interaction of sex, maltreatment and emotion indicated that maltreated girls and boys were impaired for fear, but girls showed an impairment for happy, while boys for disgust. There were no effects of maltreatment, psychopathology, or sex on reward learning. However, a two-way interaction between sex and maltreatment showed that maltreated girls were worse at learning from punishment relative to non-maltreated girls, while maltreated boys were better than non-maltreated boys. The study provides the first clear evidence of latent-vulnerability in emotion recognition in maltreated youth and suggests that girls and boys might be characterized by distinct profiles of emotion recognition and learning following maltreatment.

Introdução:.O processo de envelhecimento é natural, progressivo e irreversível, ocorrendo reduções funcionais, como no equilíbrio corporal, tendo relação direta com o declínio do processamento das vias centrais, podendo causar tontura, a qual compromete a qualidade de vida (QV). A tontura é uma queixa comum, principalmente em idosos e no sexo feminino e pode estar associada a sintomas neurovegetativos. Objetivo: Investigar a presença de tontura em idosas e avaliar seu impacto na QV. Resultado: Foram avaliadas 31 idosas ativas, das quais 11 (35,48%) relataram tontura, sendo oito do tipo rotatória (72,75%), com grau de incômodo médio de oito e cinco (45,45%) relataram duração por segundos, cinco (45,45%) por minutos e uma (9,1%) por semanas. No DHI apresentaram as seguintes médias por aspecto: emocional = 12; físico = 13; funcional = 14. Conclusão: A tontura acomete uma parcela expressiva de idosas, gerando inúmeros impactos na QV.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share overlapping symptomatology, particularly with regard to social impairments (including peer relationship difficulties), and they frequently co-occur. However, the nature of their co-occurrence remains unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the nature of the transdiagnostic link between ASD and ADHD from a symptomatological point of view measured with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS Module 3) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Methods: We analyzed the social and nonsocial ASD symptom domain scores from both diagnostic instruments in 4 clinically referred groups (i.e., ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD, and no psychiatric diagnosis) without other co-occurring mental disorders using a two-by-two full-factorial MANOVA design with the factors ASD (yes/no) and ADHD (yes/no). Results: We found no ASD by ADHD interaction effects across all symptom domain scores of ADOS and ADI-R, except for ADOS imagination/creativity. There were only main effects of the factor ASD but no main effects of ADHD. Follow-up contrasts showed that exclusively, ASD had an impact on the measured symptomatology in case of co-occurring ASD + ADHD. Conclusion: Overall, the results support an additive model of the symptomatology across areas of communication, social interaction, and stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests in case of the co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD when assessed with ADOS/ADI-R. Thus, one can assume that the phenotypic overlap of ASD + ADHD may be less complicated than suspected – at least with regard to ASD symptomatology – and that in the presence of ADHD, ASD symptomatology is generally well measurable with best-practice diagnostic instruments.

O presente estudo insere-se na linha de pesquisa Formacao, Politicas e Praticas em Educacao, e tem como objetivo geral compreender as potencialidades/possibilidades da utilizacao dos MOOCs para a promocao da internacionalizacao da Educacao Superior em casa. Os objetivos especificos se referem a verificar como os MOOCs auxiliam na formacao de graduacao dos estudantes; identificar as expectativas dos aprendizes ao participar de um MOOC; apresentar alternativas que possibilitem a utilizacao dos MOOCs na Educacao Superior, visando qualificar o processo de internacionalizacao em casa. Para alcancar os objetivos propostos adotou-se a abordagem qualitativa, correspondendo a um estudo de caso, e como instrumento de pesquisa a entrevista semiestruturada. Os sujeitos do estudo sao 5 estudantes de graduacao, de uma Escola Politecnica localizada na regiao Sul do Brasil, tendo como criterios de selecao estudantes que tenham participado de algum MOOC internacional e nao tenham realizado mobilidade academica. A fundamentacao teorica do estudo ocorre a luz de autores como, Wit (2002), Morosini e Nascimento (2017), Beelen e Jones (2015), Knight (2004, 2008), Siemens (2004), dentre outros. Por meio desta investigacao foi possivel perceber que os estudantes buscaram realizar MOOCs tendo por expectativa sanar a curiosidade sobre este tipo de curso; atender as suas necessidades e os seus interesses em relacao a ampliar e aprender novos conhecimentos; desenvolver aprendizagens que pudessem ter aplicabilidade no exercicio profissional; e possibilitar o ingresso no mercado de trabalho. Assim, cabe apresentar algumas alternativas que possibilitem a utilizacao dos MOOCs na Educacao Superior, ou seja, as instituicoes educativas poderao incluir esta modalidade de curso no curriculo; o professor podera em suas aulas recomendar plataformas, sugerir MOOCs para os estudantes realizarem a distância e posteriormente interagir, relacionando com os conteudos desenvolvidos em ambos os espacos, no contexto da Educacao Superior presencial. Portanto, desenvolver a pesquisa sobre os MOOCs como uma possibilidade para internacionalizacao da Educacao Superior em casa gerou contribuicoes significativas para tal contexto educativo, bem como para o desenvolvimento das aprendizagens dos estudantes universitarios. Pois, compreendemos que este estudo apresenta conhecimentos relevantes para a Educacao Superior no Brasil, principalmente em relacao a internacionalizacao em casa, visto que essa nova conjuntura social/global, na qual nos encontramos requer uma formacao academica mais contextualizada, para que os universitarios possam acompanhar e agir em um mundo em constante mudanca.

Background As a national effort to better understand the current pandemic, three cohorts collect sociodemographic and clinical data from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from different target populations within the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON). Furthermore, the German Corona Consensus Dataset (GECCO) was introduced as a harmonized basic information model for COVID-19 patients in clinical routine. To compare the cohort data with other GECCO-based studies, data items are mapped to GECCO. As mapping from one information model to another is complex, an additional consistency evaluation of the mapped items is recommended to detect possible mapping issues or source data inconsistencies. Objectives The goal of this work is to assure high consistency of research data mapped to the GECCO data model. In particular, it aims at identifying contradictions within interdependent GECCO data items of the German national COVID-19 cohorts to allow investigation of possible reasons for identified contradictions. We furthermore aim at enabling other researchers to easily perform data quality evaluation on GECCO-based datasets and adapt to similar data models. Methods All suitable data items from each of the three NAPKON cohorts are mapped to the GECCO items. A consistency assessment tool (dqGecco) is implemented, following the design of an existing quality assessment framework, retaining their-defined consistency taxonomies, including logical and empirical contradictions. Results of the assessment are verified independently on the primary data source. Results Our consistency assessment tool helped in correcting the mapping procedure and reveals remaining contradictory value combinations within COVID-19 symptoms, vital signs, and COVID-19 severity. Consistency rates differ between the different indicators and cohorts ranging from 95.84% up to 100%. Conclusion An efficient and portable tool capable of discovering inconsistencies in the COVID-19 domain has been developed and applied to three different cohorts. As the GECCO dataset is employed in different platforms and studies, the tool can be directly applied there or adapted to similar information models.

Item does not contain fulltext Objective: Conduct disorder (CD) has been associated with deficits in the use of punishment to guide reinforcement learning (RL) and decision making. This may explain the poorly planned and often impulsive antisocial and aggressive behavior in affected youths. Here, we used a computational modeling approach to examine differences in RL abilities between CD youths and typically developing controls (TDCs). Specifically, we tested two competing hypotheses that RL deficits in CD reflect either reward dominance (also known as reward hypersensitivity) or punishment insensitivity (also known as punishment hyposensitivity). Method: The study included 92 CD youths and 130 TDCs (ages 9-18, 48% girls) who completed a probabilistic RL task with reward, punishment, and neutral contingencies. Using computational modeling, we investigated the extent to which the two groups differed in their learning abilities to obtain reward and/or avoid punishment. Results: RL model comparisons showed that a model with separate learning rates per contingency explained behavioral performance best. Importantly, CD youths showed lower learning rates than TDCs specifically for punishment, whereas learning rates for reward and neutral contingencies did not differ. Moreover, callous-unemotional (CU) traits did not correlate with learning rates in CD. Conclusion: CD youths have a highly selective impairment in probabilistic punishment learning, regardless of their CU traits, while reward learning appears to be intact. In summary, our data suggest punishment insensitivity rather than reward dominance in CD. Clinically, the use of punishment-based intervention techniques to achieve effective discipline in patients with CD may be a less helpful strategy than reward-based techniques. 04 juli 2023

The production of $Σ^0$ hyperons in proton proton collisions at a beam kinetic energy of 3.5 GeV impinging on a liquid hydrogen target was investigated using data collected with the HADES setup. The total production cross section is found to be $\mathrm{σ(pK^{+}Σ^{0}) [μb] = 17.7 \pm 1.7 (stat) \pm 1.6 (syst)}$. Differential cross section distributions of the exclusive channel $\mathrm{pp \rightarrow pK^{+}Σ^{0}}$ were analyzed in the center-of-mass, Gottfried-Jackson and helicity reference frames for the first time at the excess energy of 556 MeV. The data support the interplay between pion and kaon exchange mechanisms and clearly demonstrate the contribution of interfering nucleon resonances decaying to $\mathrm{K^{+}Σ^{0}}$. The Bonn-Gatchina partial wave analysis was employed to analyse the data. Due to the limited statistics, it was not possible to obtain an unambiguous determination of the relative contribution of intermediate nucleon resonances to the final state. However nucleon resonances with masses around 1.710 $\mathrm{GeV/c^{2}}$ ($\mathrm{N^{*}(1710)}$) and 1.900 $\mathrm{GeV/c^{2}}$ ($\mathrm{N^{*}(1900)}$ or $\mathrm{Δ^{*}(1900)}$) are preferred by the fit.

Hadron production ($\pi^\pm$, proton, $\Lambda$, $K_S^0$, $K^\pm$) in $\pi^- + \mathrm{C}$ and $\pi^- + \mathrm{W}$ collisions is investigated at an incident pion beam momentum of $1.7~\mathrm{GeV}/c$. This comprehensive set of data measured with HADES at SIS18/GSI significantly extends the existing world data on hadron production in pion induced reactions and provides a new reference for models that are commonly used for the interpretation of heavy-ion collisions. The measured inclusive differential production cross-sections are compared with state-of-the-art transport model (GiBUU, SMASH) calculations. The (semi-) exclusive channel $\pi^- + A \rightarrow \Lambda + K_S^0 +X$, in which the kinematics of the strange hadrons are correlated, is also investigated and compared to a model calculation. Agreement and remaining tensions between data and the current version of the considered transport models are discussed.

Mobile instant messengers such as WhatsApp use delivery status notifications in order to inform users if a sent message has successfully reached its destination. This is useful and important information for the sender due to the often asynchronous use of the messenger service. However, as we demonstrate in this paper, this standard feature opens up a timing side channel with unexpected consequences for user location privacy. We investigate this threat conceptually and experimentally for three widely spread instant messengers. We validate that this information leak even exists in privacy-friendly messengers such as Signal and Threema. Our results show that, after a training phase, a messenger user can distinguish different locations of the message receiver. Our analyses involving multiple rounds of measurements and evaluations show that the timing side channel persists independent of distances between receiver locations -- the attack works both for receivers in different countries as well as at small scale in one city. For instance, out of three locations within the same city, the sender can determine the correct one with more than 80% accuracy. Thus, messenger users can secretly spy on each others' whereabouts when sending instant messages. As our countermeasure evaluation shows, messenger providers could effectively disable the timing side channel by randomly delaying delivery confirmations within the range of a few seconds. For users themselves, the threat is harder to prevent since there is no option to turn off delivery confirmations., 33 pages, 23 figures, 9 tables, NDSS 2023

Anonymization has the potential to foster the sharing of medical data. State-of-the-art methods use mathematical models to modify data to reduce privacy risks. However, the degree of protection must be balanced against the impact on statistical properties. We studied an extreme case of this trade-off: the statistical validity of an open medical dataset based on the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON), which was prepared for publication using a strong anonymization procedure. Descriptive statistics and results of regression analyses were compared before and after anonymization of multiple variants of the original dataset. Despite significant differences in value distributions, the statistical bias was found to be small in all cases. In the regression analyses, the median absolute deviations of the estimated adjusted odds ratios for different sample sizes ranged from 0.01 [minimum = 0, maximum = 0.58] to 0.52 [minimum = 0.25, maximum = 0.91]. Disproportionate impact on the statistical properties of data is a common argument against the use of anonymization. Our analysis demonstrates that anonymization can actually preserve validity of statistical results in relatively low-dimensional data.

BackgroundLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersexual and queer (LGBTIQ) individuals are often stigmatized due to their minority status. Sexual-minority stress is often discussed as a risk factor for the increased mental health problems reported in this population.ObjectiveThe current study (1) investigated eating attitudes and depressive symptoms in a sexual minority sample from Turkey who identify themselves as LGBTIQ and (2) explored the role of sexual minority stressors beyond the potential predictors of eating attitudes and depressive symptoms in this population.MethodsRecruitment was supported and streamlined by several Turkish NGOs and LGBTIQ community networks. Sociodemographic measures, eating attitudes, depressive symptoms, sexual minority stressors (e.g., heterosexist experiences, internalized homophobia), and the potential predictors of eating attitudes and depressive symptoms were assessed with an anonymous online survey between February 2022 and June 2022. The sample consisted of 440 participants. The mean age was 31.92 (SD = 11.82). The majority of the participants reported their current gender identity as male (64.3%; n = 440) and their sexual orientation as attracted to men (62.8%; n = 439). For 79.7% of the participants, the assigned sex at birth was man (n = 439).ResultsTwo separate three-stage multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and the risk and protective factors of eating attitudes and depressive symptoms. Disturbed eating attitudes were predicted by assigned female sex at birth, higher scores for depression, social isolation, and the total number of heterosexist experiences, and lower distress related to heterosexist experiences. Depressive symptoms were predicted by assigned female sex at birth, lesbian sexual orientation, disturbance in eating attitudes, increases in generalized anxiety, and distress related to daily heterosexist experiences.ConclusionThe current study demonstrated the significant role of sexual minority stressors in the prediction of disturbed eating attitudes and depressive symptomatology beyond the general psychosocial vulnerability factors. These findings emphasize the need for developing strategies to reduce prejudicial attitudes at the societal level and to enhance the skills of LGBTIQ individuals in coping with sexual minority stressors in Turkey.

In recent decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of people, including adolescents, undergoing medical body modification (MBM) to alter their physically healthy bodies in invasive and nearly irreversible ways through medical treatment (e.g. surgery). While MBM is often recommended for youth with persisting gender dysphoria (GD), in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) it has been considered contraindicated. Here, we outline the current controversies surrounding MBM practice and recommendations in adolescents with GD versus those with BDD in order to better understand under what circumstances we may or may not support adolescents who want to change their bodies medically and often irreversibly. We compare the two disorders in terms of the overlap and uniqueness of their behavioural and psychological features. In doing so, we discuss limitations of the existing (often low-quality) evidence for and against MBM in young patients. We conclude that the currently available evidence is too preliminary and far from conclusive to make any robust recommendations in terms of benefits and harms of MBM in youth with persisting GD or BDD. However, we strongly recommend further urgent scientific discussions and systematic research efforts into more robust evaluations and the identification of more precise psychological characteristics that may serve as decision criteria for or against MBM - particularly in those adolescents who did not respond to non-MBM, that is, psychiatric/psychological treatment and psychosocial support, if available at all. This will greatly benefit youth healthcare professionals in their challenging clinical practice of making decisions regarding MBM today and in the future.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two frequently co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions that share certain symptomatology, including social difficulties. This presents practitioners with challenging (differential) diagnostic considerations, particularly in clinically more complex cases with co-occurring ASD and ADHD. Therefore, the primary aim of the current study was to apply a data-driven machine learning approach (support vector machine) to determine whether and which items from the best-practice clinical instruments for diagnosing ASD (ADOS, ADI-R) would best differentiate between four groups of individuals referred to specialized ASD clinics (i.e., ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD, ND = no diagnosis). We found that a subset of five features from both ADOS (clinical observation) and ADI-R (parental interview) reliably differentiated between ASD groups (ASD & ASD + ADHD) and non-ASD groups (ADHD & ND), and these features corresponded to the social-communication but also restrictive and repetitive behavior domains. In conclusion, the results of the current study support the idea that detecting ASD in individuals with suspected signs of the diagnosis, including those with co-occurring ADHD, is possible with considerably fewer items relative to the original ADOS/2 and ADI-R algorithms (i.e., 92% item reduction) while preserving relatively high diagnostic accuracy. Clinical implications and study limitations are discussed.

To evaluate the risk of post-operative infection after intra-articular steroid injection at the time of knee arthroscopy at a single institution high-volume sports medicine practice. The electronic medical record at a single institution was queried for all patients who underwent knee arthroscopy from 2011 to 2019. Patients were included if they underwent more simple arthroscopic procedures: diagnostic arthroscopy, meniscectomy, loose body removal, synovectomy, or microfracture. Patients were excluded if they underwent more complex procedures, such as ligament reconstruction, meniscus repair, or any open procedures. These patients’ medical records were then queried for current procedural terminology and international classification of disease codes indicating post-operative infection. Individual chart review was performed on this group of patients to determine if a true postoperative infection occurred within 6 months of the index arthroscopy. Patients were then categorized into “intra-operative steroid injection” versus “no steroid” based on each surgeon’s preferred intra-operative analgesic injection cocktail. A total of 6889 patients were identified, including 2416 (35.1%) who were given intra-articular steroid at the time of knee arthroscopy. Post-operative infection occurred in 10 patients (0.15%) at a median of 18 days (range 9–42 days), 7 who received intra-operative steroid injection (0.29%) and 3 who did not (0.067%), p = 0.040. The relative risk of infection for those who received intra-operative steroid injection was 4.32 times higher than those who did not, with a number needed to harm of 448. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, smoking status, or the prevalence of diabetes between those who got infected and those who did not. Knee infection following arthroscopic surgery is rare. Intra-operative steroid injection during arthroscopic knee surgery is associated with a 4.3-fold increased risk of subsequent knee infection. While the overall risk remains low, the use of intra-operative steroids is expected to result in one additional knee infection for every 448 arthroscopic procedures performed. IV.

Recording of heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive and continuous measurement method that allows investigating the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its reaction to environmental influences. For a precise measurement of HRV data, a carefully chosen study design and environment is required to minimize secondary influences. One major influence to be avoided is movement. However, in the daily routine and for some scientific questions, movement can often not be avoided. If so, a manual or automated method to differentiate between artifacts caused by body movement and the actual psychophysiological effect is needed to ensure the data quality. In this approach, a chest-worn sensor was developed, that measures the heart rate using a single lead ECG and filters the measured change of the HRV caused by movement. Data from an integrated accelerometer is used to detect upper body movements that affect the resting heart rate. The movementcorresponding time stamps are then used to filter the Interbeat Intervals (IBI) accordingly. Functionality and effectiveness of the sensor system have been tested against state-of-the art sports- or clinical devices in varying scenarios. As our test series showed, motion filtering has a decisive effect when motion occurs, two-thirds of all cases showed a significant effect of motion filtering, with small to medium effect sizes for the parameters SD2, SD2/SD1, and SDNN. Thereby, automatic filtering of motion artifacts can help to significantly reduce the need for costly post-processing of distorted data sets. The results show a better data quality of HRV measurement, a method that is commonly used for the investigation of physiological processes in the field of chronic pain, psychology, psychiatry, or sports medicine.

Objective The LACC (Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer) study revealed advantages in terms of overall survival and relapse risk favouring abdominal radical hysterectomy over the laparoscopic procedure. The present paper will compare the two surgical techniques from the economic point of view based on a process cost calculation. Material/Methods A retrospective cost analysis of all radical hysterectomies from the year 2018 was done at the Hanover University Medical School based on the bottoms-up method and guided by the clinical treatment pathway. Result Of 51 primary cases treated, 19 patients underwent radical hysterectomies, of which 8 were performed using the abdominal technique and 11 as endoscopic surgeries. 89.4% of the cancers were FIGO IB1 carcinomas. The total cost of a laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with an average hospital stay of 4.6 days came to € 2512.34, compared to an abdominal radical hysterectomy at € 2586.78 with an average hospital stay of 7.6 days. The greatest cost factor in which the laparoscopic method exceeded abdominal radical hysterectomy was the surgical procedure itself (€ 1836.75 vs. € 1411.21). Personnel represented the largest cost item in the surgical theatre (59%), so that surgery time was a significant multiplying factor. Average surgical time required for abdominal radical hysterectomy was 154 minutes, whereby the laparoscopic procedure required an average of 220.1 minutes. Inpatient care in the abdominal radical procedure cases was more costly by € 499.98 due to the longer hospitalization and additional medication required. Profit levels, including the DRG revenues, were higher with the abdominal method than with the laparoscopic method by € 186.21 despite longer hospital stays. Conclusion The present paper shows slightly greater profitability for the abdominal radical hysterectomy. On the other hand, this method entails longer hospitalization and a higher level of personnel deployment. Adequate occupancy management could make up for the revenue shortfall observed with the laparoscopic method.

Among youths with conduct disorder, those with callous-unemotional traits are at increased risk for persistent antisocial behaviour. Although callous-unemotional traits have been found to be associated with white-matter brain abnormalities, previous diffusion imaging studies were conducted in small samples, preventing examination of potential sex by callous-unemotional traits interaction effects on white matter. Here, we used tract-based spatial statistics at a whole-brain level and within regions of interest to compare the white matter correlates of callous-unemotional traits in female vs. male youths with conduct disorder, in a sample (n = 124) recruited through a multi-site protocol. A sex-specific association between callous-unemotional traits and white matter was found in the left uncinate fasciculus, where callous-unemotional traits were positively associated with axial diffusivity in males, while an opposite pattern was found in females. These findings are in line with previous studies suggesting that the uncinate fasciculus is a key tract implicated in the development of psychopathy, but also add to recent evidence showing that sexual dimorphism needs to be taken into account when examining the structural correlates of mental disorders in general, and callous-unemotional traits in conduct disorder in particular.

BACKGROUND Mental crises have high prevalences in adolescence. Early interventions appear to be highly important to diminish the risk of the deterioration, recurrence, or chronification of symptoms. In recent years, various providers have started offering live chat support in psychological crises. The messenger-based psychological counseling service krisenchat aims to support young people in crises and, if necessary, provide a recommendation for a referral to the health care system or to seek further help from a trusted adult person. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of using the counseling service of krisenchat on the further help-seeking behavior of young people, and to identify associated factors of further help-seeking. METHODS This longitudinal study analyzed anonymous data from 247 individuals who used krisenchat between October 2021 and March 2022, and received a recommendation for further help-seeking. An online survey directly after the chat assessed the perceived helpfulness of the chat and well-being after the chat. After 4 weeks, further help-seeking, facilitators and barriers to help-seeking, and self-efficacy were assessed in an online follow-up survey. RESULTS The most frequently recommended services or persons to seek further help from included a psychotherapist or social psychiatric service (75/225, 33.3%), a school psychologist or school social worker (52/225, 23.1%), and the user’s parents (45/225, 20.0%). Of the 247 users, 120 (48.6%) indicated that they contacted the recommended service or person, and of these, 87 (72.5%) stated that they already had an appointment (or talk) with the respective service or person or that an appointment (or talk) was scheduled. The most frequently reported facilitators for further help-seeking were mental health literacy (54/120, 45.0%), improvement of self-efficacy (55/120, 45.8%), and symptom recognition (40/120, 33.3%). In users not displaying further help-seeking behavior, the most frequent barriers included stigmatization (60/127, 47.2%), lack of mental health literacy (59/127, 46.5%), need for self-reliance and autonomy (53/127, 41.7%), and negative family beliefs regarding help services (53/127, 41.7%). Subgroup comparisons indicated significantly higher levels of self-efficacy in users displaying further help-seeking behavior than in those not displaying further help-seeking behavior. Both subgroups did not differ in gender, age, recommended service or person, chat topics, perceived helpfulness, and well-being. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that children and young adults receiving counseling on krisenchat benefit in terms of seeking further help. Further help-seeking seems to be associated with higher levels of self-efficacy. CLINICALTRIAL Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00026671; https://tinyurl.com/4fm5xe68