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Linzer biologische Beiträge, Jahrgang 54 (2022), Heft 2 (2023), Seite 669-678, We present the results of a relatively small collecting effort of Tachinidae in South Korea over the last few years. Of the total 33 species of Tachinidae found in this survey, half (17 sepcies) prove to be new to South Korea and for the Korean Peninsula. One species, Clairvillia nigra ZEEGERS nov.sp. is described as new. The new species resembles some Nearctic species, like C. nitoris, at least superficially. Several interesting species have been found on light. We raise the number of Tachinidae known from South Korea to 173. The Korean fauna of Tachinidae is relatively poorly investigated and many more species are to be expected.

We present the results of a relatively small collecting effort of Tachinidae in South Korea over the last few years. Of the total 33 species of Tachinidae found in this survey, half (17 sepcies) prove to be new to South Korea and for the Korean Peninsula. One species, Clairvillia nigra ZEEGERS nov.sp. is described as new. The new species resembles some Nearctic species, like C. nitoris, at least superficially. Several interesting species have been found on light. We raise the number of Tachinidae known from South Korea to 173. The Korean fauna of Tachinidae is relatively poorly investigated and many more species are to be expected.

Genus Compsobata Czerny, 1930 Compsobata Czerny, 1930: 5 Neria Robineau –Desvoidy, 1830: 736 (unjustified emendation of Nerius Fabricius, 1805) Type species: Musca cibaria Linnaeus, 1761: 457 Diagnosis. Palearctic Compsobata can be distinguished by the following characteristics: Overall coloration yellowish brown; palpus extremely short, not reaching the anterior margin of the head; katepisturnum covered with weak, long yellow bristles; wings without any markings, crossvein bm-cu present; middle and hind femora lacking dorsal spines; male S5 with characteristic processes, along with the genital fork; epandrium with surstylus. Distribution and diversity. This genus is widely distributed in the temperate Holarctic region, and contains 28 valid species. There are 19 species in the Palearctic region, and 9 species in the Nearctic region., Published as part of Kim, Wonwoong, Weele, Ruud Van Der & Lee, Seunghwan, 2022, New records of Micropezidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from South Korea, with description of a new species of Rainieria Rondani, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 5178 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7021824

Rainieria triseta Li, Liu & Yang, 2012 (Figs 1C, 3C–D, 5A, 6C–D, 8C) Rainieria triseta Li et al., 2012b: 395. (sp. nov.) Diagnosis. Total body length 7.5–7.8 mm in males, 7.7–10.2 mm in females; Head black with exception of silvery ventral area of parafacial; frontal vitta velvety black with silvery pruinescence posteriorly; slightly tapering posteriorly and anteriorly; head chaetotaxy: well-developed 1–3 frontal bristles of similar length; 1 orbital bristle slightly longer than the frontal bristle, and strong inner vertical, outer vertical, and postocellar bristles; thorax shining black with anepisturnum and katepisternum covered with short silverly microtrichose; fore coxa brown, becoming pale distally; mid and hind femora dark brown with yellowish brown ring on subapical and extreme base; all tibia and tarsus uniformly dark brown, with the exception of white fore tarsomeres 1–4 and darkened tarsomere 5 (Fig. 3C–D); wing membrane uniformly infuscate with distinct discal and apical band (Fig. 8C); all tergites and sternites uniformly shining dark brown; bristles on syntergite 1+2 long and light brown, in tergites and oviscape black microsetulose; female S3–4 strongly reduced, proximal part barely visible (Fig. 6C–D); pleural membrane uniformly dark brown except distinct triangular white region below T 3–4 in female; female oviscape shiny black with posterior tip reddish brown; male S5 with dense black short, stout setae on inner side of each arm, the arm slightly incurved; basal area of the fork with a shallow cleft (Fig. 5A). Material examined. South Korea: Gyeonggi-do: 2♂, 7♀, Pocheon-si, Yeongjung-myeon, Hoguk-ro 2616 beon-gil, 28-31, on dead Quercus sp. (37°97'55.1"N 127°25'03.2"E), 17.vi.2022, coll. Wonwoong Kim (SNUM). Gangwon-do: 1♂, Yanggu-gun, 25.vii.1996, coll. H.K. Lee (SNUM); 1♂, Yanggu-gun, 25.vii.1996, coll. H.K. Lee (NIBR); 1♀, Yangyang-gun, Seo-myeon, Osaek-ri, 460-2 (38°04'40.9"N, 128°26'49.3"E) 28.v.–16.ix.2020, Malaise trap. coll. Duk-Young Park (SNUM); 1♀, Inje-gun, Buk-myeon, Hangye-ri, 854 (38°08'46.5"N, 128°15'47.5"E) 04.vii.2018, coll. Sanghyeok Nam (SNUM); Seoul: 1♀, Gwanak-gu, Daehak-dong, Seoul National University, 30.vi.2014, coll. Chang Eon Lee (SNUM); Gyeongsangnam-do: 1♀, Mt. Jirisan, Sancheong-gun, Sicheon-myeon, Jungsan-ri (35°31'96.5"N 127°75'40.6"E), 20.vi.2022, coll. Wonwoong Kim (SNUM) Distribution. South Korea * (Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangnam-do), China (Northeast: Liaoning, Heilongjiang) Biology. In our field survey, multiple individuals were found on a bark of recently logged Quercus tree at Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do. Territorial behavior and feeding behavior similar as mentioned above under R. tenebrosa were observed. Remarks. Li et al. (2012b) mention that the key morphological character of this species is the three frontal bristles, from which the species name triseta was derived. Close examination of the Korean specimens (SNUM) showed that the number of frontal bristles varied between 1–3, even between individuals bearing the same collection data. Accounting for the fact that these specimens with the varying number of frontal bristles shared the same male S5 shape with superficial differences, we conclude that specimens with only 1 or 2 frontal bristles can also be regarded as R.triseta. In addition, the description and the Figure 12 in Li et al. (2012b) shows that the short stout setae of the male S5 are connected at the base of the fork. All Korean specimens dissected in this study showed that the setae of each arm are actually separated by a shallow basal cleft (Fig. 5A). Accounting for the general male S5 morphology in subfamily Taeniapterinae (Marshall 2017, 2022), the basal cleft was most probably overlooked in Li et al. (2012b) ’s drawing. Based on examinations of the Korean specimens (SNUM) sharing identical morphological features with the original description, it was possible to observe a characteristic desclerotization and reduction of the S3–4 of females (Figs. 6C–D). Furthermore, as in the Figure 6 in Li et al. (2012b), distinct triangular white patch of the pleural membrane of female was observed. These characteristics of the female abdomen readily distinguishes R.triseta from its congeners and therefore serves as a useful identification character. When following the key provided in Krivosheina & Krivosheina (1996) for the genus Rainieria, this species keys out to Rainieria latifrons (Loew, 1870) due to the presence of yellowish-brown ring of the extreme base of femora, and the uniform length of short, stout setae on the inner side of the arm in male sternite 5. However, examination of the R. triseta specimen collected from Korea revealed that these diagnostic characteristics are shared between the species, thus is not sufficient in distinguishing the two. Furthermore, the interpretation of the ‘ Rainieria latifrons ’ by Krivosheina & Krivosheina (1996) is in discord with the interpretation of this species based on European materials in several studies (Kurina 2004; van der Weele 1998), especially on the wing coloration. Krivosheina & Krivosheina (1996) have mentioned R.latifrons as having ‘Median band of wing wide, apex of R1 darkened, the band reaching posterior margin of wing,’ which is apparently absent in European latifrons. Since specimens examined by Krivosheina & Krivosheina (1996) are heavily biased on the materials collected from the Russian Far East, we suppose that their interpretation of diagnostic characteristics of ‘ Rainieria latifrons ’ could be a mix of latifrons (Europe) and triseta (Far East Russia). However, since Loew (1870) ’s original description for latifrons is very brief and uninformative, examination of type specimen and specimens from more localities is needed to confirm the exact distribution of R.latifrons and R.triseta across the Palearctic region.

Micropeza soosi Ozerov, 1991 (Figures 1A–B, 4C–D, 7B, 7D, 8A) Micropeza (Protylos) soosi Ozerov, 1991: 7 (sp. nov.) Micropeza (Soosomyza) soosi Ozerov, 1997: 2 (cat.) Micropeza soosi Ozerov, 2008: 434 (diag.) Diagnosis. Recognized by its small body size (5.4–5.7mm); overall body coloration black; strong inner vertical, outer vertical, and postocellar bristles present; legs dull orange, except apical half of fore femora gradually transitioning into black; fore tibia black, apical tip of femora / basal and apical tip of tibia black in middle and hind legs; tarsus uniformly black in all legs, coxae creamy white; wing uniformly light gray; halters cream-white; sternites and tergites dark brown, epandrium black; pleural membrane of both sex light brown, with dark brown patch under each T 2–4 in males and T 2–5 in females (Fig. 1A–B); male genital fork (S5) with elongated narrow arms, strong suberect black setae present on the outer margin of each arm (Fig. 7D); epandrium shape as in (Fig. 7B); female ovipositor black with apex transitioning into yellow. Material examined. South Korea: Gangwon-do: 1♂, Hoengseong-gun, Anheung-myeon, Bonghwa-ro, 800, (37°27'27.4"N, 128°08'42.6"E), 04.vi.2021, coll. Wonwoong Kim (SNUM); 1♀, Pyeongchang-gun, Bongpyeongmyeon, Heungjeonggyegok-gil, 120-12, (37°37'53.2"N 128°21'03.9"E), 04.vi.2021, coll. Jae Seok Oh (SNUM); 1♂, 2♀, Hoengseong-gun, Anheung-myeon, Bonghwa-ro, 800, (37°27'27.4"N, 128°08'42.6"E), 15.vi.2020, coll. Wonwoong Kim (LEMQ); 1♀, same locality, 18.vi.2020, coll. Wonwoong Kim (LEMQ). Distribution. South Korea * (Gangwon-do), Russia (Far East: Amur Oblast, Primorsky Krai) Biology. Small groups displaying territorial behaviors were observed on a leaf of Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) (Polygonaceae) and other low foliage at a shaded forest rim. One female was observed taking out its telescopic ovipositor while perching on the leaves of Robinia pseudoacasia L. (Fabaceae), but further observation is needed to confirm its oviposition preference. Remarks. Ozerov (1997) proposed the subgenus Soosomyza to accommodate Palearctic species M. tibetana (Hennig, 1937), M. pilifemur Soós, 1975, and M. soosi Ozerov, 1991. According to Marshall (2010), the subgeneric classification of this genus is not fully known and thus the subgenus name is not included here., Published as part of Kim, Wonwoong, Weele, Ruud Van Der & Lee, Seunghwan, 2022, New records of Micropezidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from South Korea, with description of a new species of Rainieria Rondani, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 5178 (1) on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7021824, {"references":["Ozerov, A. L. (1997) A new subgenus of the genus Micropeza Meigen (Diptera, Micropezidae). Far Eastern Entomologist, 48, 1 - 4.","Ozerov, A. L. (2008) Flies of the genus Micropeza Meigen (Diptera, Micropezidae) in the fauna of Russia. Russian Entomological Journal, 17 (4), 429 - 436. [in Russian]","Marshall, S. A. (2010) Micropezidae (stilt-legged flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 805 - 813."]}

Rainieria tenebrosa Kim & Lee sp. nov. (Figs 2A–H, 3E–F, 5B, 5E, 6B, 8D) Diagnosis. Recognized by brownish black body; wing membrane light brown with fuscous discal band (Fig. 8D); all tibia and tarsus uniformly dark brown, except white tarsomeres 1–4 of front legs; pleural membrane dark brown without conspicuous white patch under T3–4 (Fig. 3E–F); distinctly shaped male S5 as in (Fig. 5B). Description. Total body length 7.2–9.0 mm in males, 7.9–9.6mm in females. Head: Globose, color mostly black with exception of silvery ventral portion of parafacial; pedicel with a long ventral bristle, short bristles dorsally; arista bare; frontal vitta velvety black with silvery pruinescence posteriorly; slightly tapering posteriorly and anteriorly; clypeus shiny, strongly convex and protruding as long as the position of lunule; head chaetotaxy: well-developed 1-2 frontal bristles of similar length; 1 orbital bristle, slightly longer than the frontal bristle; strong inner vertical, outer vertical, and postocellar bristles present; postgenal setae short, weak, and sparsely distributed. Thorax: Shining black with exception of anepisternum and katepisternum covered with silverly microtrichae; all thoracic bristles black; thorax chaetotaxy: well-developed one dorsocentral bristles; 2 notopleural, 1 supralar, 1 postalar, and 1 scutellar bristles present; posterior part of katepisternum with rows of strong suberect bristles; legs: fore coxa brown, becoming pale distally; mid and hind femora black with one yellowish brown preapical ring; all tibia and tarsus uniformly dark brown, with the exception of white fore tarsomeres 1–4 and darkened tarsomere 5; wing: evenly infuscate with a dark discal and apical band; halter dark brown, knob darker. Abdomen: All tergite and sternite uniformly shining dark brown; bristles on syntergite 1+2 erect, light brown, in remaining tergites and oviscape black microsetulose; abdominal membrane uniformly dark brown with relatively pale region below T 3 in males, T 3–4 in females; male with pleural sac below syntergite 1+2; female oviscape shiny black with posterior tip reddish brown. Male. Genital fork (Sternite 5) relatively stout, length of individual arm as long as the length of basal area; arms strongly incurved, inner margins packed with dense short, stout black setae; arms almost touching the other at the distal end; basal area of the fork with a narrow triangular cleft; blade of ejaculatory apodeme about as large as the epandrium, elliptical shaped and subequal in height to the width including the sperm pump; phallapodeme triangular-shaped, hypandrium with a short anterior plate; distal distiphallus elongate but not reaching the anterior end of hypandrium, distal end blunt. Female. Spermathecae with two ducts, the duct leading to the paired spermatheca twice as long as the latter; single spermatheca capsule-shaped, relatively small compared to the paired spermatheca; branching duct leading to the paired, spherical spermatheca long and convoluted. Holotype. South Korea: Gyeonggi-do: 1♂, Uijeongbu-si, Jangam-dong, Mt. Suraksan (37°42'19.4"N 127°04'57.4"E) displaying on bark of Quercus cf. dentata Thunb. 14.vi.2021, coll. Wonwoong Kim and Jae Seok Oh (SNUM) Paratypes. South Korea: Gyeonggi-do: 1♂, 10♀, same data as holotype (SNUM); 1♀, same data as holotype (NIBR); 2♂, 3♀, same locality as holotype, 09.viii.2021, coll. Jae Seok Oh (NIBR); 1♀, Gapyeonggun, Cheongpyeong-myeon, Goseong-ri, Mt. Homyeongsan, Alt. 220m. (37°43'16.3"N 127°29'23.4"E) 26.vi– 16.vii.2009, Malaise Trap. coll. Jongok Lim (SNUM); 1♂, 5♀, Yongin-si, Cheoin-gu, Yangji-myeon, Hanteo-ro 454beon-gil, 48 (37°25'70.2"N 127°25'78.0"E) displaying on bark of recently dead Quercus sp. 02.vi.2022, coll. Wonwoong Kim (SNUM). Gangwon-do: 4♀, Pyeongchang-gun, Unduryeong-ro, 313 (37°43'08"N 128°26'44.9"E) 16.vi–31.viii.2019, Malaise Trap. coll. M. Lee and Park (SNUM). Comparative material examined. Rainieria calceata (Fallén, 1820) - Hungary: 1♂, Pillis, Unknown date, vii. 2001, coll. Ruud van der Weele (SNUM); 1♀, Hills of Budapest, 09.vii.1992, coll. Ruud van der Weele (SNUM). Etymology. From Latin word tenebrosum (=dark), referring to the distinctive black coloration among congeners. Distribution. South Korea (Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do) Remarks. This new species can be confused with Rainieria calceata (Fallén, 1820) due to overall coloration, the shape of the male S5, and female sternite shape. However, it is easily distinguished from R. calceata by the following characteristics: uniformly dark brown hind tarsomeres; differences in the curvature of arm, narrower cleft of the fork, and short stout setae of uniform density in male S5 (Fig. 5B–C); oval-shaped blade of ejaculatory apodeme; shorter epandrium and distal distiphallus; phallic bulb almost reaching the base of epandrium, which in calceata only reaches the middle half of the epandrium (Fig. 5F); presence of short plate of hypandrium; blunter tip of distal distiphallus, which in calceata is distinctively sharpened (Fig. 5F). Biology. As in many Taeniapterinae, this new species is an apparent mimic of Ichneumonidae morphologically and behaviorally (Marshall 2012). A number of individuals were observed at a shaded forest edge performing a foreleg-waving behavior to imitate the antennae of Ichneumonidae. In several field surveys, this species was found feeding on the flowing sap of Quercus cf. dentata Thunb. and Zelkova serrata (Thunb.), plus a wet decaying plant mass. Observed mating behavior involves courtship dance, bubbling and fluid exchange, and inter-sex competition. Copulation is triggered by the male following the female while moving its abdomen up and down vigorously. If the female is unresponsive, the males were observed to forcefully mate by grabbing the female with its front legs while approaching from behind. When the female allows mating, it lowers the body and opens the wings perpendicularly to the body. The male then uses the genital fork to ‘hook’ the female’s oviscape and lifts it to face the male’s genital segment, followed by the insertion of the aedeagus. The male engages in ‘kissing’ the female’s frons and labium repeatedly while shaking up and down vigorously, in which the female assists by facing its labium upwards (Fig. 2F). This kissing behavior involves the exchange of fluid between the pair, and the sex which offers the regurgitated fluid (Fig. 2E) and the one which imbibes the fluid produced by its partner switch multiple times during mating. The pair often enters a stationary phase where they do not engage in noticeable behaviors. After the copulation is over, the female would try to push the male away with its front legs and the male is often dragged behind the female before dissociation. Copulation was recorded to last over 20 minutes, excluding courtship. The pleural sac of the male is inflated during courtship and mating, which possibly denotes a pheromone dispersing as suggested by Marshall (2012). If another individual approaches the mating pair, the male or the female would use its middle leg to wave off the intruder (Fig. 2G). Multiple mating incidents involving noticeable size difference among the opposite sex was observed (Fig. 2C–D). Currently known oviposition preference of Rainieria species includes Ulmus americana L. (Ulmaceae), Fagus sp. (Fagoideae), Betula sp. (Betulaceae), and Abies sp. (Pinaceae) (Sabrosky 1942; Krivosheina & Krivosheina 1996; Skidmore 2005). In our field observation, the females oviposited on a narrow cleft between the live and decomposing tissue of a standing Quercus cf. dentata Thunb. (Fig. 2H) and recently logged unidentified Quercus species. It is possible that oviposition on this particular site is preferred since the mix of a constant supply of tree sap and the decomposing tissue can provide both the nutrient and the substrate for the larvae to develop. Individual females were found on a dead fallen Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) (Betulaceae), possibly searching for an oviposition site. At an optimal site, the ‘aggregation oviposition’ was observed, where up to 15 individuals oviposited at a small patch (Fig. 2H). Subtle competition among females, often waving their legs to deter other individuals, was observed in such sites., Published as part of Kim, Wonwoong, Weele, Ruud Van Der & Lee, Seunghwan, 2022, New records of Micropezidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from South Korea, with description of a new species of Rainieria Rondani, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 5178 (1) on pages 29-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7021824, {"references":["Marshall, S. A. (2012) Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Firefly Books Ltd., Richmond Hill, Ontario, 616 pp.","Sabrosky, C. W. (1942) An unusual rearing of Rainieria brunneipes (Cresson) (Diptera: Micropezidae). Entomological News, 53, 283 - 285.","Krivosheina, M. G. & Krivosheina, N. P. (1996) The species from the genus Rainieria Rondani (Diptera, Micropezidae) of Russia including the description of a new species. Studia dipterologica, 3 (1), 97 - 100.","Skidmore, P. (2005) The Puparium of Rainieria calceata (Fallen) (Diptera, Micropezidae). Dipterists Digest, 12, 91 - 95."]}

Key to the Palearctic and Micronesian species of Rainieria 1. Male sternite 5 elongate, area excluding the fork twice as long as the genital fork—[Japan (Ogasawara Islands)]........................................................................................ boninensis (Hennig, 1935) - Male sternite 5 stout, area excluding the fork shorter or about as equal to the length genital fork (Fig. 5)................ 2 2. Mid and hind femora yellowish brown, with black ring of approximately 1/5 the length of femora at the apical 3/4 portion; wings uniformly infuscate, with faint discal band—[China (Southwest), Taiwan]............... leucochira Czerny, 1932 - Mid and hind femora predominantly dark brown, with yellowish brown preapical ring (Fig. 3)........................ 3 3. Wings evenly infuscate, without dark discal band; basal half of mid- and hind femora gradually transitioning into lighter brown; extreme base of mid- and hind tibia without yellowish brown ring [Europe (Central, East)].......... latifrons (Loew, 1870) - Wings evenly infuscate with dark discal band; extreme base of mid- and hind femora often with a yellowish brown ring... 4 4. Short stout setae of the male sternite 5 varying in length, most long at the basal 1/4 region of the arm and gradually shortened to the apical portion of arm—[Russia (Far East), Japan (Honshu)].............. hennigi Krivosheina & Krivosheina, 1996 - Short stout setae of the inner side of arm in male sternite 5 uniform in length...................................... 5 5. Male sternite 5 with slightly incurved arm (fig. 5A), female sternite 3 – 4 strongly reduced (fig. 6C–D); pleural membrane uniformly dark brown with distinct triangular white region below T 3–4 in female—[China (Northeast), South Korea].................................................................................... triseta Li, Liu & Yang, 2012 - All female sternite well developed (Fig. 6A–B); pleural membrane uniformly dark brown (Fig. 3A–B, E–F)............. 6 6. Hind tarsus uniformly dark brown; male sternite 5 with short stout setae of inner arm uniformly distributed, basal cleft triangular (Fig. 5B); epandrium relatively stout; phallic bulb almost reaching the base of epandrium; tip of distal distiphallus blunt (Fig. 5E)—[South Korea]........................................................... tenebrosa Kim & Lee sp. nov. - Hind metatarsus white, hind tarsus otherwise dark brown; male sternite 5 with short stout setae of inner arm sparsely distributed in the middle, basal cleft significant (Fig. 5C); epandrium elongate; phallic bulb only reaching the middle half of the epandrium; tip of distal distiphallus distinctly sharp distally (Fig. 5F)—[Europe (Central, East, West, North, South)]... calceata (Fallén, 1820), Published as part of Kim, Wonwoong, Weele, Ruud Van Der & Lee, Seunghwan, 2022, New records of Micropezidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from South Korea, with description of a new species of Rainieria Rondani, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 5178 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7021824, {"references":["Loew, H. (1870) Revision der Calobata - Arten der europaische n Fauna. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 14, 209 - 212. [in German]","Krivosheina, M. G. & Krivosheina, N. P. (1996) The species from the genus Rainieria Rondani (Diptera, Micropezidae) of Russia including the description of a new species. Studia dipterologica, 3 (1), 97 - 100."]}

Mimegralla suzukiana (Matsumura, 1916) (Figs 1D, 4E, 8E) Calobates Suzukiana Matsumura, 1916: 431 (sp. nov.; spelled as Calobata Suzukiana in the plate) Mimegralla albimana suzukiana Hennig, 1938: 13; Hirashima, 1989: 797 (cat.); Ichige, 2018: 34 (diag.) Diagnosis. Largest (10.8mm in ♀) among Korean Micropezidae species; overall coloration black; head chaetotaxy: 1 frontal bristle, 1 orbital bristle, and strong inner vertical, outer vertical, and postocellar bristles present; all tarsi white with darkened tarsomere 5; front coxa reddish brown, middle and hind femora with four reddish brown ring; wings with fuscous discal and darker apical bands (Fig. 8E); pleural membrane uniformly dark brown except widely pale in P3 and P4; female ovipositor black, reddish brown on posterior tip; male S5 with long and slightly incurved arm about 1.5 times long than the area excluding arm; inner side of each arm with sparsely distributed very short, stout setae; distal distiphallus with characteristic bell-shaped bulb; blade of ejaculatory apodeme small, phallapodeme triangular shaped. For detailed image of male genital fork (S5) and genital segment, as well as the type specimen, see Ichige (2018). Material examined. South Korea: Jeollanam-do: 1♀, Gwangyang-si, Ongnyong-myeon, Baekgye-ro, 59-45, (35°01'52.9"N, 127°36'24.8"E). 19.vi-03.vii.2019, Malaise Trap. coll: Duk-Young Park (NIBR) Distribution. South Korea * (Jeollanam-do), Japan (Honshu), Published as part of Kim, Wonwoong, Weele, Ruud Van Der & Lee, Seunghwan, 2022, New records of Micropezidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from South Korea, with description of a new species of Rainieria Rondani, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 5178 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7021824, {"references":["Matsumura, S. (1916) s. n. In: Thousand insects of Japan. Additamenta. Vol. 2 (Diptera). Keisei-sha, Tokyo, pp. 185 - 473. [in Japanese]","Hennig, W. (1938) Tyliden aus Japan (Diptera). Insecta Matsumurana, 12 (1), 1 - 14. [in German]","Hirashima, Y. (Ed.) (1989) A Check List of Japanese Insects. Vol. 2. Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, pp. 783 - 795. [in Japanese]","Ichige, K. (2018) Review of the Japanese Micropezidae (Diptera) - Cothornobata cyanea Hendel, 1913 and Neria commutata (Czerny, 1930) new to Japan. The Dipterist's Club of Japan ' HANA ABU', 45, 32 - 42. [in Japanese]"]}

Rainieria triseta Li, Liu & Yang, 2012 (Figs 1C, 3C–D, 5A, 6C–D, 8C) Rainieria triseta Li et al., 2012b: 395. (sp. nov.) Diagnosis. Total body length 7.5–7.8 mm in males, 7.7–10.2 mm in females; Head black with exception of silvery ventral area of parafacial; frontal vitta velvety black with silvery pruinescence posteriorly; slightly tapering posteriorly and anteriorly; head chaetotaxy: well-developed 1–3 frontal bristles of similar length; 1 orbital bristle slightly longer than the frontal bristle, and strong inner vertical, outer vertical, and postocellar bristles; thorax shining black with anepisturnum and katepisternum covered with short silverly microtrichose; fore coxa brown, becoming pale distally; mid and hind femora dark brown with yellowish brown ring on subapical and extreme base; all tibia and tarsus uniformly dark brown, with the exception of white fore tarsomeres 1–4 and darkened tarsomere 5 (Fig. 3C–D); wing membrane uniformly infuscate with distinct discal and apical band (Fig. 8C); all tergites and sternites uniformly shining dark brown; bristles on syntergite 1+2 long and light brown, in tergites and oviscape black microsetulose; female S3–4 strongly reduced, proximal part barely visible (Fig. 6C–D); pleural membrane uniformly dark brown except distinct triangular white region below T 3–4 in female; female oviscape shiny black with posterior tip reddish brown; male S5 with dense black short, stout setae on inner side of each arm, the arm slightly incurved; basal area of the fork with a shallow cleft (Fig. 5A). Material examined. South Korea: Gyeonggi-do: 2♂, 7♀, Pocheon-si, Yeongjung-myeon, Hoguk-ro 2616 beon-gil, 28-31, on dead Quercus sp. (37°97'55.1"N 127°25'03.2"E), 17.vi.2022, coll. Wonwoong Kim (SNUM). Gangwon-do: 1♂, Yanggu-gun, 25.vii.1996, coll. H.K. Lee (SNUM); 1♂, Yanggu-gun, 25.vii.1996, coll. H.K. Lee (NIBR); 1♀, Yangyang-gun, Seo-myeon, Osaek-ri, 460-2 (38°04'40.9"N, 128°26'49.3"E) 28.v.–16.ix.2020, Malaise trap. coll. Duk-Young Park (SNUM); 1♀, Inje-gun, Buk-myeon, Hangye-ri, 854 (38°08'46.5"N, 128°15'47.5"E) 04.vii.2018, coll. Sanghyeok Nam (SNUM); Seoul: 1♀, Gwanak-gu, Daehak-dong, Seoul National University, 30.vi.2014, coll. Chang Eon Lee (SNUM); Gyeongsangnam-do: 1♀, Mt. Jirisan, Sancheong-gun, Sicheon-myeon, Jungsan-ri (35°31'96.5"N 127°75'40.6"E), 20.vi.2022, coll. Wonwoong Kim (SNUM) Distribution. South Korea * (Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangnam-do), China (Northeast: Liaoning, Heilongjiang) Biology. In our field survey, multiple individuals were found on a bark of recently logged Quercus tree at Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do. Territorial behavior and feeding behavior similar as mentioned above under R. tenebrosa were observed. Remarks. Li et al. (2012b) mention that the key morphological character of this species is the three frontal bristles, from which the species name triseta was derived. Close examination of the Korean specimens (SNUM) showed that the number of frontal bristles varied between 1–3, even between individuals bearing the same collection data. Accounting for the fact that these specimens with the varying number of frontal bristles shared the same male S5 shape with superficial differences, we conclude that specimens with only 1 or 2 frontal bristles can also be regarded as R.triseta. In addition, the description and the Figure 12 in Li et al. (2012b) shows that the short stout setae of the male S5 are connected at the base of the fork. All Korean specimens dissected in this study showed that the setae of each arm are actually separated by a shallow basal cleft (Fig. 5A). Accounting for the general male S5 morphology in subfamily Taeniapterinae (Marshall 2017, 2022), the basal cleft was most probably overlooked in Li et al. (2012b) ’s drawing. Based on examinations of the Korean specimens (SNUM) sharing identical morphological features with the original description, it was possible to observe a characteristic desclerotization and reduction of the S3–4 of females (Figs. 6C–D). Furthermore, as in the Figure 6 in Li et al. (2012b), distinct triangular white patch of the pleural membrane of female was observed. These characteristics of the female abdomen readily distinguishes R.triseta from its congeners and therefore serves as a useful identification character. When following the key provided in Krivosheina & Krivosheina (1996) for the genus Rainieria, this species keys out to Rainieria latifrons (Loew, 1870) due to the presence of yellowish-brown ring of the extreme base of femora, and the uniform length of short, stout setae on the inner side of the arm in male sternite 5. However, examination of the R. triseta specimen collected from Korea revealed that these diagnostic characteristics are shared between the species, thus is not sufficient in distinguishing the two. Furthermore, the interpretation of the ‘ Rainieria latifrons ’ by Krivosheina & Krivosheina (1996) is in discord with the interpretation of this species based on European materials in several studies (Kurina 2004; van der Weele 1998), especially on the wing coloration. Krivosheina & Krivosheina (1996) have mentioned R.latifrons as having ‘Median band of wing wide, apex of R1 darkened, the band reaching posterior margin of wing,’ which is apparently absent in European latifrons. Since specimens examined by Krivosheina & Krivosheina (1996) are heavily biased on the materials collected from the Russian Far East, we suppose that their interpretation of diagnostic characteristics of ‘ Rainieria latifrons ’ could be a mix of latifrons (Europe) and triseta (Far East Russia). However, since Loew (1870) ’s original description for latifrons is very brief and uninformative, examination of type specimen and specimens from more localities is needed to confirm the exact distribution of R.latifrons and R.triseta across the Palearctic region., Published as part of Kim, Wonwoong, Weele, Ruud Van Der & Lee, Seunghwan, 2022, New records of Micropezidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from South Korea, with description of a new species of Rainieria Rondani, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 5178 (1) on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7021824, {"references":["Li, X. - K., Liu, X. - Y. & Yang, D. (2012 b) Species of the genus Rainieria Rondani from China (Diptera, Micropezidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 37 (2), 393 - 396.","Marshall, S. A. (2017) Micropezidae (Insecta, Diptera, Acalyptratae) of Madagascar and a revision of the genus Paramimegralla Hennig. Zootaxa, 4290 (2), 244 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4290.2.2","Marshall, S. A. (2022) Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa, 5092 (3), 251 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5092.3.1","Krivosheina, M. G. & Krivosheina, N. P. (1996) The species from the genus Rainieria Rondani (Diptera, Micropezidae) of Russia including the description of a new species. Studia dipterologica, 3 (1), 97 - 100.","Loew, H. (1870) Revision der Calobata - Arten der europaische n Fauna. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 14, 209 - 212. [in German]","Kurina, O. (2004) Rainieria latifrons (Loew, 1870) found in Estonia (Diptera: Micropezidae). Sahlbergia, 9, 133 - 134.","van der Weele, R. (1998) Rainieria latifrons (Loew, 1870) collected for the first time in Hungary (Diptera: Micropezidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 59, 111."]}

Genus Mimegralla Rondani, 1850 Mimegralla Rondani, 1850: 180 Type species: Calobata coeruleifrons Macquart, 1844: 246 Comments. Mimegralla is a large genus containing more than 60 species in the Oriental and Australasian region. However, the concept of this genus has been confusing since most species were described without detailed definition of the genus, and as a result it is highly possible that multiple species groups have been collectively referred as Mimegralla. For example, formal Afrotropical Mimegralla mainly described by Verbeke (1951) are now believed to belong in Hybobata Enderlein (Marshall 2017). Since this genus is in need of a thorough revision (McAlpine 1998, Marshall 2017, 2019), effectively redefining this genus and providing diagnosis clearly exceeds the scope of this paper. Consequently, we restrict the diagnosis for the single species treated in this paper, and deposit the specimen in National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea (NIBR) for the future., Published as part of Kim, Wonwoong, Weele, Ruud Van Der & Lee, Seunghwan, 2022, New records of Micropezidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from South Korea, with description of a new species of Rainieria Rondani, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 5178 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7021824, {"references":["Verbeke, J. (1951) Taeniapterinae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha). Family Micropezidae. In: Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission G. F. de Witte (1933 - 1935), 72, 1 - 106.","Marshall, S. A. (2017) Micropezidae (Insecta, Diptera, Acalyptratae) of Madagascar and a revision of the genus Paramimegralla Hennig. Zootaxa, 4290 (2), 244 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4290.2.2","McAlpine, D. K. (1998) Review of the Australian stilt flies (Diptera: Micropezidae) with a phylogenetic analysis of the family. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 12, 55 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 96018","Marshall, S. A. (2019) Micropezidae (Diptera, Nerioidea) of Mauritius, with a description of Paraeurybata new genus. Zootaxa, 4624 (4), 576 - 582. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4624.4.8"]}

Genus Micropeza Meigen, 1803 Micropeza Meigen, 1803: 276. Type species: Musca corrigiolata Linnaeus, 1767 Diagnosis. Micropeza in East Asia can be recognized by the following characteristics: Slender, gracile Micropezidae (~ 7mm); head conoid, triangular in lateral view; fronto-orbital bristles absent; katepisternum with long bristles ventrally; wing hyaline without any markings, without crossvein bm-cu; middle and hind tibia with rows of sparsely distributed short, erect dorsal bristles. Distribution and diversity. This genus is distributed worldwide, and contains 92 known species. There are 20 species currently recognized in the Palearctic region. Remarks. Larvae of Micropeza corrigiolata (Linnaeus) are known to develop from legume root nodules (Müller, 1957), Published as part of Kim, Wonwoong, Weele, Ruud Van Der & Lee, Seunghwan, 2022, New records of Micropezidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from South Korea, with description of a new species of Rainieria Rondani, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 5178 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7021824, {"references":["Muller, H. (1957) Leguminosenknollchen als Nahrungsquelle heimischer Micropezidae- (Tylidae) Larven (Diptera). Zur Morphologie und Biologie der bisher unbekannten Larve von Micropeza corrigiolata L. (Tylos corrigiolatus L.). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 7, 247 - 262."]}

Compsobata dentigera (Loew, 1854) (Figs 4A–B, 7A, 7C, 8B) Calobata dentigera Loew, 1854: 24 (sp. nov.) Compsobata dentigera Ozerov, 1987: 553 (key) Compsobata (Compsobata) dentigera Hirashima, 1989: 796 (cat.) Neria dentigera Ozervov, 1999: 506 (key.); Ichige, 2018: 39 (diag.) Diagnosis. Body length 8.1–8.4 mm in males, 8.2–10.6 mm in females; overall coloration black and orange; head glubose, dark brown with exception of cream white parafacial; head chaetotaxy: 1 frontal, 1 orbital, 1 postocellar, 1 outer vertical bristles present; thorax dark brown dorsally, transitioning to brighter brown in lateral side; dorsal area with sparse, short yellow setae; katepisternum covered with short pale silvery setae, plus dense long weak yellow bristles posteroventrally; legs uniformly yellow with dark brown ring in posterial apices of hind femora, hind tibia without dorsal spines; wings uniformly light brown with no conspicuous markings, halter light brown; tergites dark brown with orange posterior corner, yellow suberect setae present; epandrium yellowish brown; male S5 heartshaped, with characteristic indentation in inner margins of each arm (Figs 7C). Material examined. South Korea: Gangwon-do: 3♂, 2♀, Jeongseon-gun, Nam-myeon, Yupyeong-ri, Mt. Mindungsan, 17.vi.2011, coll: Ho-Yeon Han et al. (NIBR); Jeollanam-do: 1♀, Gurye-gun, Mt. Jirisan, Nogodan, 29.vii.1999, coll: So-Yoon Won (SNUM); 1♂, Gurye-gun, Mt. Jirisan, Nogodan, 23.v.1999, coll. K. S. Woo (SNUM); 1♂, 1♀ (in copula) Gurye-gun, Mt. Jirisan, Nogodan, 16–20.vi.2009, coll: K.K.Kim & O.S.Kim (NIBR); 1♀, Gurye-gun, Mt. Jirisan, Piagol, 28.vii.1999, coll: Hyun-mi Lee (SNUM); Jeollabuk-do: 1♀, Gochang-gun, Simwon-myeon, 24.vi.1993, coll: O.Y. Kwon (SNUM). Distribution. South Korea * (Gangwon-do, Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do), Japan (Hokkaido), Russia (Far East), Mongolia Biology. Korean specimens were usually collected at mountainous environments above 1000m altitude.A group of this species was observed at a mountaintop flat with short Poaceae plants at Hadong-gun, Jeollanam-do (Sangsu Kim, personal observation). Remarks In East Asia, Compsobata huashanica Li, Liu & Yang, 2012 is similar, but can be distinguished from this species by the apical incision of the surstylus, difference in the shape of S5, and absence of a small indentation in the inner margin of the arms of S5 (Fig. 7B)., Published as part of Kim, Wonwoong, Weele, Ruud Van Der & Lee, Seunghwan, 2022, New records of Micropezidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from South Korea, with description of a new species of Rainieria Rondani, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 5178 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7021824, {"references":["Loew, H. (1854) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Dipteren. Zweiter Beitrag. Programm K. Realschule Meseritz, 1854, 1 - 24. [in German] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 98314","Ozerov, A. L. (1987) Dipterans of the subfamily Calobatinae (Diptera, Micropezidae) in the fauna of the USSR. Zoologicheskiy zhurnal, 66 (4), 549 - 556. [in Russian]","Hirashima, Y. (Ed.) (1989) A Check List of Japanese Insects. Vol. 2. Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, pp. 783 - 795. [in Japanese]","Ichige, K. (2018) Review of the Japanese Micropezidae (Diptera) - Cothornobata cyanea Hendel, 1913 and Neria commutata (Czerny, 1930) new to Japan. The Dipterist's Club of Japan ' HANA ABU', 45, 32 - 42. [in Japanese]"]}