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Background: Hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Cannabis genus that contains a large amount of protein, iron, and fatty acids, including linoleic, α-linolenic, and γ-linolenic acid. These compounds are involved in a number of biological activities, including immunity enhancement, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation reduction. Here, we investigated the antioxidant effects of hemp seed on human cognitive function. Methods: The test was administered to 34 healthy volunteers aged ≥ 20 years. Participants were selected according to age and sex and were administered 10 g of hemp seed three times daily (30 g/day) for 45 days. The outcome measurements were recorded using a survey, computerized neurocognitive tests, and artificial intelligence. Results: Survey analysis determined that both the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory measurements decreased significantly after hemp seed consumption when compared to measurements taken before consumption (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant results were observed in the Stroop and Tower of London tasks (p < 0.05). The prediction performance for the antidepressant effect was 0.83 for the area under the curve in the random forest algorithm, which was superior to that of other machine learning methods. Conclusion: These results suggest that hemp seeds have a beneficial effect on cognitive impairment.

Background: Yokenella regensburgei infections have been documented in several immunocompromised individuals with numerous associated risk factors including soft tissue infections, organ transplants, and metabolic disorders. Our report presents a rare case of Y. regensburgei infection in an immunocompetent individual. Methods: In September 2020, a 38-year-old man who was otherwise healthy fell from a personal conveyance causing a puncture of his elbow. Two months later, he was admitted to the hospital with a chronic draining wound on his left arm with no fever (36.7°C) and stable vital signs. The patient underwent white blood cell (WBC) imaging, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) to rule out osteomyelitis. Incision and drainage were performed, and the collected fluid was sent to a microbiology lab for culture diagnosis. Subsequently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. Results: A WBC image and SPECT/CT test showed an increase in WBC uptake and activity in the subcutaneous tissue of the left arm. The culture diagnosis identified the isolate as Y. regensburgei and the patient received 2 weeks of sulfamethoxazole 800 mg and trimethoprim 160 mg orally twice daily based on the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. He demonstrated clinical improvements shown through wound healing and reduced pain. Conclusion: This report supports the potential of Y. regensburgei to act as an opportunistic pathogen even in hosts with no prior underlying diseases or conditions.

Counseling is a field that is rapidly developing as the importance of the individual is recognized by society in the modern era. Counseling is also developing in Christian society, and the spectrum of theories and techniques is very wide depending on the perception of human beings and the perspectives of each party. Among them, there has already been a lot of approbation and criticism for Jay Adams, who opened a new horizon of biblical counseling through nouthetic counseling. However, no one can deny the contribution and influence of his counseling studies. In particular, a bigger effect can be expected for groups in special circumstances. One of those special groups is the prison inmates. They have their own peculiarities such as the isolated environment, psychological and physical stress, and heavy guilt, unlike the other groups of counselees. Indonesia is a country with a large population, but there is still insufficient interest in prison inmates. In addition to this, it is unfortunate that, like in most other countries, there are not many scholars who have studied this field until now. Now in Indonesia, outside volunteers are in charge of many parts of the ministry for inmates counseling and edification of inmates. However, the reality is that these volunteers lack professional counseling education and training. And most Christian volunteers use prayer and the Bible as their primary counseling tools.

Chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) can lead to manganism, a neurological disorder sharing common symptoms with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Studies have shown that Mn can increase the expression and activity of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), leading to inflammation and toxicity in microglia. LRRK2 G2019S mutation also elevates LRRK2 kinase activity. Thus, we tested if Mn-increased microglial LRRK2 kinase is responsible for Mn-induced toxicity, and exacerbated by G2019S mutation, using WT and LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice, and BV2 microglia. Mn (30 mg/kg, nostril instillation, daily for 3 weeks) caused motor deficits, cognitive impairments, and dopaminergic dysfunction in WT mice, which were exacerbated in G2019S mice. Mn induced proapoptotic Bax, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β and TNF-α in the striatum and midbrain of WT mice, and these effects were exacerbated in G2019S mice. BV2 microglia were transfected with human LRRK2 WT or G2019S, followed by Mn (250 μM) exposure to better characterize its mechanistic action. Mn increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BV2 cells expressing WT LRRK2, which was exacerbated in G2019S-expressing cells, while pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 mitigated these effects in both genotypes. Moreover, the media from Mn-treated BV2 microglia expressing G2019S caused greater toxicity to cath.a-differentiated (CAD) neuronal cells compared to media from microglia expressing WT. Mn-LRRK2 activated RAB10, which was exacerbated in G2019S. RAB10 played a critical role in LRRK2-mediated Mn toxicity by dysregulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway, and NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia. Our novel findings suggest that microglial LRRK2 via RAB10 plays a critical role in Mn-induced neuroinflammation.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, 50-150 nm in diameter, released by most cells. Exosomes contain several intracellular components, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, which reflect the parent cell's status and contribute to intercellular communication. Cancers are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Owing to a high survival rate, cancer treatment by immune modulation of the tumor microenvironment has recently received a lot of attention. Exosomes' role in immunological control is also being studied extensively. Exosomes play a role in cancer-immune cell communication. Through intracellular communication, exosomes promote tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. In addition, innate immune cell-derived exosomes and adaptive immune cell exosomes have an anti-tumorigenic activity. Exosome-related tumor microenvironment drugs are being developed, including inhibitors of exosomal release, tumor-derived exosomes, and immune cell-derived exosome engineering, although there are still some obstacles to overcome. We describe in this review the significance of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment. We also summarize current studies on anticancer immune drug development and the challenges in developing exosome-related drugs.

The unique color and type characteristics of watermelon fruits are regulated by many molecular mechanisms. However, it still needs to be combined with more abundant genetic data to fine-tune the positioning. We assembled genomes of two Korean inbred watermelon lines (cv. 242-1 and 159-1) with unique color and fruit-type characteristics and identified 23,921 and 24,451 protein-coding genes in the two genomes, respectively. To obtain more precise results for further study, we resequenced one individual of each parental line and an F2 population composed of 87 individuals. This identified 1,539 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 80 InDel markers that provided a high-density genetic linkage map with a total length of 3,036.9 cM. Quantitative trait locus mapping identified 15 QTLs for watermelon fruit quality-related traits, including β-carotene and lycopene content in fruit flesh, fruit shape index, skin thickness, flesh color, and rind color. By investigating the mapping intervals, we identified 33 candidate genes containing variants in the coding sequence. Among them, Cla97C01G008760 was annotated as a phytoene synthase with a single-nucleotide variant (A → G) in the first exon at 9,539,129 bp of chromosome 1 that resulted in the conversion of a lysine to glutamic acid, indicating that this gene might regulate flesh color changes at the protein level. These findings not only prove the importance of a phytoene synthase gene in pigmentation but also explain an important reason for the color change of watermelon flesh.

In this contribution, a constitutive model for rubber is presented that describes the material in its unvulcanized and vulcanized state as well as during its phase transition. The model is based on the microsphere approach to represent the three-dimensional macroscopic behavior by a set of one-dimensional microscopic chains. When the uncured rubber is exposed to large temperature, the polymer chains build-up crosslinks among each other and the material changes its properties from soft viscoplastic to stiffer viscoelastic behavior. The state of cure over time at different temperatures is identified via a moving die rheometer (MDR) test. Based on this experimental data, a kinetic model is fitted to represent the state of cure in the simulation. The material model changes from the description of an unvulcanized state to a vulcanized state based on the current degree of cure in a thermomechanically consistent manner and fulfills the second law of thermodynamics. The curing model framework is suitable to combine any given material models for uncured and cured rubber. The presented material formulation is applied to an axisymmetric tire production simulation. Therefore, the kinetic state of cure approach is fitted to MDR experimental data. The uncured and cured material model parameters are fitted separately to experiments by a gradient based fitting procedure. The in-molding and curing process of a tire production is simulated by a finite element approach. Subsequently, the simulated footprint of the tire is compared to experimental results. It can be shown that the quality of the footprint could be optimized solely by changing the shape of the green tire.

Young immature granule cells (imGCs) appear via adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). In comparison to mature GCs (mGCs) (born during development), the imGCs exhibit two competing distinct properties such as high excitability and low excitatory innervation. We develop a spiking neural network for the DG, incorporating the imGCs, and investigate their effect on pattern separation. We first consider the effect of high excitability. The imGCs become very highly active due to their low firing threshold. Then, strong pattern correlation occurs, which results in pattern integration. On the other hand, the mGCs exhibit very sparse firing activity due to strongly increased feedback inhibition. As a result of high sparsity, the pattern separation efficacy (PSE) of the mGCs becomes very high. Thus, the whole population of GCs becomes a heterogeneous one, composed of a (major) subpopulation of mGCs (i.e., pattern separators) with very low activation degree and a (minor) subpopulation of imGCs (i.e., pattern integrators) with very high activation degree. In the whole heterogeneous population, the overall activation degree of all the GCs is a little reduced in comparison to the activation degree in the presence of only mGCs without imGCs. However, no pattern separation occurs, due to heterogeneous sparsity, in contrast to the usual intuitive thought that sparsity could improve PSE. Next, we consider the effect of low excitatory innervation for the imGCs. In this case, the imGCs perform pattern integration. The PSE of the mGCs decreases from a high value to a limit value. In the whole population of all the GCs, when passing through a threshold, pattern separation starts, the overall PSE increases and approaches that of the mGCs. However, due to heterogeneity caused by the imGCs, the overall PSE becomes deteriorated, in comparison with that in the presence of only mGCs., arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2109.12731

Additional file 1. Fig. S1: Effect of MS on 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalizationsin saine-treated rats. A, B Changes of 22 kHz USVs following ulnar mechanical stimulationand a representative 22 kHz USV. Fig. S2: Effect of electrolytic LHb lesion on locomotor activity or basal DA release in the NAc in rats. A Effect of electrolytic LHb lesion on basal locomotor activity. Seven days after LHb lesion, locomotor activities were measured for 30 min. There are no significant differences in basal locomotor activities between normaland LHb-lesionedrats. B Effect of electrolytic LHb lesion on basal dopamine release. Seven days after LHb lesion, FSCV experiments were performed after locomotor activity tests. There are no significant differences in basal dopamine release in the NAc between normaland LHb-lesionedrats.

Translating imagined speech from human brain activity into voice is a challenging and absorbing research issue that can provide new means of human communication via brain signals. Endeavors toward reconstructing speech from brain activity have shown their potential using invasive measures of spoken speech data, however, have faced challenges in reconstructing imagined speech. In this paper, we propose NeuroTalk, which converts non-invasive brain signals of imagined speech into the user's own voice. Our model was trained with spoken speech EEG which was generalized to adapt to the domain of imagined speech, thus allowing natural correspondence between the imagined speech and the voice as a ground truth. In our framework, automatic speech recognition decoder contributed to decomposing the phonemes of generated speech, thereby displaying the potential of voice reconstruction from unseen words. Our results imply the potential of speech synthesis from human EEG signals, not only from spoken speech but also from the brain signals of imagined speech., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted paper of AAAI 2023 in main track

Supplementary Material 5

Developing soft robots that can control their own life-cycle and degrade on-demand while maintaining hyper-elasticity is a significant research challenge. On-demand degradable soft robots, which conserve their original functionality during operation and rapidly degrade under specific external stimulation, present the opportunity to self-direct the disappearance of temporary robots. This study proposes soft robots and materials that exhibit excellent mechanical stretchability and can degrade under ultraviolet (UV) light by mixing a fluoride-generating diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI-HFP) with a silicone resin. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the mechanism of Si-O-Si backbone cleavage using fluoride ion (F-), which was generated from UV exposed DPI-HFP. Furthermore, photo-differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) based thermal analysis indicated increased decomposition kinetics at increased temperatures. Additionally, we demonstrated a robotics application of this composite by fabricating a gaiting robot. The integration of soft electronics, including strain sensors, temperature sensors, and photodetectors, expanded the robotic functionalities. This study provides a simple yet novel strategy for designing lifecycle mimicking soft robotics that can be applied to reduce soft robotics waste, explore hazardous areas where retrieval of robots is impossible, and ensure hardware security with on-demand destructive material platforms., Comment: 58 pages, 6 figures, 2 Supplementary Text, 15 Supplementary figures, 1 movie

\object{SN 2021aefx} is a normal Type Ia Supernova (SN) with red excess emission over the first $\sim$ 2 days. We present detailed analysis of this SN using our high-cadence KMTNet multi-band photometry, spectroscopy, and publicly available data. We provide the first measurements of its epochs of explosion (MJD 59529.32 $\pm$ 0.16) as well as ``first light'' (MJD 59529.85 $\pm$ 0.55) associated with the main ejecta ${\rm{^{56}Ni}}$ distribution. This places our first detection of SN 2021aefx at $\sim -$0.5 hours since ``first light'', indicating the presence of additional power sources. Our peak-spectrum confirms its Type Ia sub-classification as intermediate between Core-Normal and Broad-Line, and we estimate the ejecta mass to be $\sim$ 1.34 $M_{\odot}$. The pre-peak spectral evolution identifies fast-expanding material reaching $>$ 40,000 km s$^{-1}$ (the fastest ever observed in Type Ia SNe) and at least two distinct homologously-expanding ejecta components: (1) a normal-velocity (12,400 km s$^{-1}$) component consistent with the typical photospheric evolution of Chandrasekhar-mass ejecta; and (2) a high-velocity (23,500 km s$^{-1}$) component visible during the first $\sim$ 3.6 days post-explosion, which locates the component within the outer $, Submitted for publication in ApJ. 29 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Variables assessed at enrolment and follow-up in the cohort. Supplementary Table 2. Pulmonary symptoms and test results of RA-ILD patients.

Supplementary Material 1

Supplementary file 1 (DOCX 2121 kb)

Additional file 4.

Recently, various normalization layers have been proposed to stabilize the training of deep neural networks. Among them, group normalization is a generalization of layer normalization and instance normalization by allowing a degree of freedom in the number of groups it uses. However, to determine the optimal number of groups, trial-and-error-based hyperparameter tuning is required, and such experiments are time-consuming. In this study, we discuss a reasonable method for setting the number of groups. First, we find that the number of groups influences the gradient behavior of the group normalization layer. Based on this observation, we derive the ideal number of groups, which calibrates the gradient scale to facilitate gradient descent optimization. Our proposed number of groups is theoretically grounded, architecture-aware, and can provide a proper value in a layer-wise manner for all layers. The proposed method exhibited improved performance over existing methods in numerous neural network architectures, tasks, and datasets., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures

International audience; IIn this study, we designed a new structure based on Pd-decorated TiN-coated SnO2 nanowires (NWs) for the selective detection of H2 gas. Initially, SnO2 NWs were prepared by a simple vapor-liquid-solid growth method. Then, atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to grow a continuous TiN layer and, subsequently, Pd nanoparticles on the NW networks. The TiN thickness was precisely set to 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 nm, while the Pd loading was adjusted by varying the number of ALD cycles (25 to 200 cycles). Various characterization techniques revealed the amorphous nature of TiN, a homogeneous dispersion of Pd NPs and the uniform morphology and single crystallinity of the SnO2 NWs. H2 gas sensing studies revealed that the sensor with a TiN thickness of 1 nm exhibited the highest response. Pd decoration further improved the response to H2 gas. Hence, the Pd-decorated gas sensor with a 1 nm-thick TiN layer showed the highest H2 sensing performance at 250 °C among all gas sensors. Due to the unique chemical reaction between Pd and hydrogen, the fabricated sensor shows excellent performance in detecting hydrogen gas. The underlying sensing mechanism is discussed in detail. The optimized sensor has a sensitivity of 8.18 for hydrogen gas, which is four times higher than that of other gas species, showing that it is suitable for detecting hydrogen gas. We believe that this new design is a highly valuable gas sensor for the real application of H2 monitoring with high selectivity.

Supplementary Material 2

Additional file 3: Figure S1. Scheme of pharmacophore candidates. Figure S2. Selected cells survived by induction of PMCA under glucose deprivation induced metabolic stress conditions. Immunoblot analysis for PMCA expression (A and B top), cell viability assay (A and B middle) and intracellular calcium measurements (A and B bottom) after PMCA knockdown in selected cells. A: S-231, B: S-MCF-7. Figure S3. Immunoblot analysis of HNF4α and NFκB nuclear translocation. A: P-231 and S-231, B: P-MCF-7 and S-MCF-7. Figure S4. Representative images of dissected tumors at completion of treatment schedule with selected cells. A: S-231, B: S-MCF-7. Figure S5. Representative images of dissected tumors at completion of treatment schedule with patient-derived cancer cells. A: YUMC-C1, B: YUMC-C2, C: YUMC-P1. Figure S6. Changes in relative tumor volumes at different doses of caloxin and candidate 13. A and B: S-231, C and D: S-MCF-7. The dose of 2DG was fixed. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean. *P

Supplementary Material 4

The applications of aluminum-based Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) are very huge and it possesses good output when combined with Mica Powder. Because Mica is one of the naturally available crafted stones of minerals. It can bind with the materials easily in ambient conditions. This research work is to study the mechanical performance of the AL7075/Mica Powder hybrid MMC's. The varying grams of Mica powder (5 g to 25 g) are added with 500 grams of aluminum 7075. From the results obtained for the mechanical properties of AL7075/Mica Powder composite. Specimen 5 (500 g of AL 7075/25 g of Mica Powder) has excellent mechanical properties such as tensile strength of about 285 MPa, impact strength of about 18 J. The Vicker Hardness indentation is about 80 VHN, all these results define that after the addition of Mica Powder in the composite. The bonding nature of Mica with AL7075 always acts as a supporting agent in the defining of excellent mechanical properties of metal matrix composite.

Supplementary Material 1

Supplementary Material 3

For the stable optimization of deep neural networks, regularization methods such as dropout and batch normalization have been used in various tasks. Nevertheless, the correct position to apply dropout has rarely been discussed, and different positions have been employed depending on the practitioners. In this study, we investigate the correct position to apply dropout. We demonstrate that for a residual network with batch normalization, applying dropout at certain positions increases the performance, whereas applying dropout at other positions decreases the performance. Based on theoretical analysis, we provide the following guideline for the correct position to apply dropout: apply one dropout after the last batch normalization but before the last weight layer in the residual branch. We provide detailed theoretical explanations to support this claim and demonstrate them through module tests. In addition, we investigate the correct position of dropout in the head that produces the final prediction. Although the current consensus is to apply dropout after global average pooling, we prove that applying dropout before global average pooling leads to a more stable output. The proposed guidelines are validated through experiments using different datasets and models., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

For every compact, connected manifold $M$, we prove the existence of a sentence $\phi_M$ in the language of groups such that the homeomorphism group of another compact manifold $N$ satisfies $\phi_M$ if and only if $N$ is homeomorphic to $M$. We prove the analogous statement for groups of homeomorphisms preserving an Oxtoby--Ulam probability measure., Comment: 56 pages, three figures. Submitted version

Supplementary Material 2

Additional file 2: Suppl. Table 1. Primer sequences for qRT-PCR. Suppl. Table 2. Primer sequences for siPGC1α. Suppl. Table 3. Oligomer sequences for EMSA probe.

Additional file 1. Supplementary Methods

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure S1. The difference in baPWV between control and HF group. baPWV was significantly higher in HF patients than in control subjects. Supplementary Figure S2. Associations between baPWV and LV diastolic parameters in control and HF group. The associations of baPWV with septal e′ velocity and septal E/e′ were stronger in control subjects than in HF patients. Supplementary Table S1. Independent association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and left ventricular diastolic parameters.

Additional file 1. Supplementary tables and figures.

Background/Aim: Thyroidectomy can cause various airway symptoms affecting the quality of life. We investigated the changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and markers for inflammation and microcirculation of laryngeal mucosa. Materials and Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into control and three surgical groups based on the extent of surgeries, 1) flap elevation (FE) group, 2) thyroid and trachea exposure (TE) group, and 3) thyroid isthmectomy (TI) group. We analyzed the expression of TGF-β1, VEGFR-3, CD31, and MMP- 9 in relation to the inflammatory and microcirculatory changes in the lamina propria on postoperative days (PODs) 3, 7, and 21. ECM composition of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen in the subglottic area (SA) was also evaluated. Results: All parameters increased in surgical groups at each postoperative phase except collagen deposition. On POD 3, TGF-β1 expression and SA increased in relation to the surgical extent and decreased over time, but more than the control in all surgical groups on POD 21. Surgical groups had more HA and less collagen composition, causing a higher HA to collagen ratio in relation to the surgical extent. VEGFR-3 and CD31 expression increased with time at all postoperative phases according to the surgical extent. Expression of MMP-9 increased in TI groups compared to TE and FE groups on POD 7 and POD 21. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that thyroid surgery exposing the thyroid and trachea induces an increase in the SA with a higher HA and lesser collagen composition. Furthermore, the markers for acute inflammation and microcirculation with tissue remodeling increased in the laryngeal mucosa.

Purpose: Exercise is a representative noninvasive treatment that can be applied to various diseases. We studied the effect of resistance exercise on motor function and spatial learning ability in Parkinson disease (PD) mice.Methods: The rotarod test and beam walking test were conducted to evaluate the effect of resistance exercise on motor function, and the Morris water maze test was conducted to examine the effect of resistance exercise on spatial learning ability. The effect of resistance exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression and 5’-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation was investigated by Western blot analysis. New cell generation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine.Results: Resistance exercise improved coordination, balance, and spatial learning ability in PD mice. Resistance exercise enhanced new cell production, BDNF and TrkB expression, and AMPK phosphorylation in PD mice. The effect of such resistance exercise was similar to that of levodopa application.Conclusions: In PD-induced mice, resistance exercise enhanced AMPK phosphorylation to increase BDNF expression and new neuron generation, thereby improving spatial learning ability. Resistance exercise is believed to help improve symptoms of PD.

This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of Target 360 nano (TG) and Microplex hypersoft 3D (MH) used as a finishing coil (FC).From January 2018 to December 2020, we retrospectively reviewed 243 coil embolization procedures performed using TG (n=152) and MH (n=91) coils of 1mm x 2 cm the same size as FC. Further, the clinical and radiographic results were compared by matching the propensity score between the two groups.There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical and angiographic results of the two coils after the propensity score matching. Successful occlusion was 89% and 86.8% and FC insertion failure was 20.9% and 28.6%. There were no differences in procedure-related complications and recurrence between the groups during the eight months follow-up period (3.3% versus 4.4% and 4.4% versus 3.3%, respectively). We also compared two subgroups of failed FC insertion (19 of TG and 26 of MH). The number of angled catheters was significantly higher in the failed TG group than in the failed MH group.There was no statistically significant difference between the clinical and radiological outcomes of TG and MH used as FC. However, in the FC insertion failure subgroups, the number of angled catheters was significantly higher in the TG failed group than in the MH failed. It was experimentally confirmed that the angle change of microcatheter tip with a large angle was large; however, further studies are required.

PurposeTo assess changes in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) diagnosis in single and serial retinal images.DesignCohort study.ParticipantsCases of ROP recruited from the Imaging and Informatics in Retinopathy of Prematurity (i-ROP) consortium evaluated by 7 graders.MethodsSeven ophthalmologists reviewed both single and 3 consecutive serial retinal images from 15 cases with ROP, and severity was assigned as plus, preplus, or none. Imaging data were acquired during routine ROP screening from 2011 to 2015, and a reference standard diagnosis was established for each image. A secondary analysis was performed using the i-ROP deep learning system to assign a vascular severity score (VSS) to each image, ranging from 1 to 9, with 9 being the most severe disease. This score has been previously demonstrated to correlate with the International Classification of ROP. Mean plus disease severity was calculated by averaging 14 labels per image in serial and single images to decrease noise.Main outcome measuresGrading severity of ROP as defined by plus, preplus, or no ROP.ResultsAssessment of serial retinal images changed the grading severity for > 50% of the graders, although there was wide variability. Cohen's kappa ranged from 0.29 to 1.0, which showed a wide range of agreement from slight to perfect by each grader. Changes in the grading of serial retinal images were noted more commonly in cases of preplus disease. The mean severity in cases with a diagnosis of plus disease and no disease did not change between single and serial images. The ROP VSS demonstrated good correlation with the range of expert classifications of plus disease and overall agreement with the mode class (P= 0.001). The VSS correlated with mean plus disease severity by expert diagnosis (correlation coefficient, 0.89). The more aggressive graders tended to be influenced by serial images to increase the severity of their grading. The VSS also demonstrated agreement with disease progression across serial images, which progressed to preplus and plus disease.ConclusionsClinicians demonstrated variability in ROP diagnosis when presented with both single and serial images. The use of deep learning as a quantitative assessment of plus disease has the potential to standardize ROP diagnosis and treatment.

GENUS CORBICULA MEGERLE VON MÜHLFELD, 1811 Type species: Tellina fluminalis O.F. Müller, 1774., Published as part of Bespalaya, Yulia V., Kropotin, Alexander V., Kondakov, Alexander V., Aksenova, Olga V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Travina, Oksana V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Vinarski, Maxim V. & Bolotov, Ivan N., 2023, A taxonomic reassessment of native and invasive species of Corbicula clams (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) from the Russian Far East and Korea, pp. 104-126 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (1) on page 112, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac078, http://zenodo.org/record/7499536, {"references":["Muller O. F. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluViatilium, seu animalium infusorium, Helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. vol 2: I - XXXVI, 1 - 214, 10 unnumbered pages. Havniae et Lipsiae, apud Heineck et Faber, ex officina Molleriana."]}

CORBICULA ELATIOR VON MARTENS, 1905 Corbicula elatior von Martens, 1905: 65, pl. 2, fig. 5 (Korea, Kyongsang-namdo and Kyonggi-do provinces) = Corbicula suifuensis Lindholm, 1925: 29 [Russia, Primorye Region, Suifun (nowadays Razdolnaya) River near Razdolnoye settlement] = Corbicula amurensis Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994: 149, fig. 1D–F (Russia, Khabarovsk Region, the Lower Amur river near Balbinskiy Cliff, 22 km upstream of Kalinovka settlement and 337 km from the mouth), synon. nov. = Corbicula neƲelskoyi Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994: 148–149, fig. 1A–C (Russia, Khabarovsk Region, the Lower Amur River near Balbinskiy Cliff, 22 km upstream of Kalinovka settlement and 337 km from the mouth), synon. nov. = Corbicula sirotskii Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994: 149, fig. 1G–I (Russia, Khabarovsk Region, Lower Amur River, 7 km upstream of Maxim Gorky settlement and 397 km from the mouth), synon. nov. Type material: The lectotype [a pair of valves; ‘ Corbicula elatior Marts., Naktonggang’; designated by Glaubrecht et al., 2007], ZMB 55.624; paralectotypes ZMB 38.439 (ten pairs of valves, one right valve; ‘ Corbicula elatior jung, Naktonggang, mittl. Arm Korea, Gottsche’); paralectotypes ZMB 38.429 (six pairs of valves, one right valve; ‘ Corbicula No. 1, N’aktonggang, Gottsche’); paralectotypes ZMB 38.430 b (three pairs of valves, one tiny right valve; ‘ Corbicula no. 2, Imjingang bei Imjin 20/9 Gottsche’); paralectotype ZMB 55.626 (a pair of valves; specimen depicted in Fig. 6 as ‘ C. elatior ?’) (Glaubrecht et al., 2007). Type locality: ‘ Mittlerer Arm des Naktonggang, Hauptfluss der Provinz Kyöngsangdo, zwischen Tongnai und Kimhai. Imjingang bei Imjin, Provinz Kyöngkwido, Korea’; South Korea: restricted to Naktong River near Kimhae, Kyongsang-namdo (NakdongRivernearGimhae, Gyeongsangnam Prov., 35°11 ′ 57 ″ N, 128°54 ′ 00 ″ E). Locality of paralectotypes: Prov. Kyonggi-do: Imjin River near Imjin (Glaubrecht et al., 2007). Material examined: The type series. Our samples: Far East of Russia: lower reaches of the Lower Amur River near Nikolaevsk-on-Amur City, 53°7 ′ 12.948 ″ N, 140°50 ′ 47.646E ″, 17 July 2014, 28 specimens, Bolotov I.N. & Vikhrev I. V. leg. (lot nos RMBH Corb 15); Nizhnetambovskoe settlement, 16 September 2020, 50.952778N, 138.204444E, 89 specimens, Aksenova O. V., Kropotin A. V., Travina O. V. & Vinarski M. V. leg.; 61 specimens are stored in RMBH; 28 specimens from the same locality are kept in LMBI under accession number 21-044; Nizhnetambovskoe settlement, 7 July 2021, 50.921111N, 138.1775E, 23 specimens, Aksenova O. V., Kropotin A. V., Travina O. V. & Khrebtova I.S. leg.; one specimen from Razdolnaya River is kept in ZIN collection, accession number 3. Description: The shell is large, triangular, and the ventral margin is rounded (Fig. 6). The umbo issignificantly prominent and slightly offset. Sculpture is represented by well-marked deep concentric ridges; the width of the ribs and distance between them are variable in the same specimen. External shell coloration varies from dark brown, greenish brown to yellow–brown, sometimes with light or dark concentric bands. Internal shell coloration varies from matte white with pale violet marks to light purple. Hinge has a heterodont dentition type, with three cardinal teeth on each valve and two crenulated lateral teeth. Siphons conical, both narrow, with a row of short papillae. Black pigment is concentrated in rings internally at the base of both siphons and in the edge of the mantle forming the siphons. The outer surface of the siphons is white; on the inside, the siphons are bright orange. The papillae of both siphons are without dark rings. Corbicula elatior is dioecious. Differential diagnosis: This species could be distinguished from the sympatric Corbicula leana, C. f l u m i n e a a n d C. j a p o n i c a b y t h e f o l l o w i n g combination of characters: larger size, significantly prominent umbo, well-marked deep concentric ridges, external shell with light or dark concentric bands, the siphons without dark pigmentation and with short papillae. Distribution: East Asia: Amur River and the Korean Peninsula (Graf & Cummings, 2021). The records of this species in the South Primorye Region (Razdolnaya River) and China (Itunghe River) (Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987) need to be checked. Comments: Considering that the samples from the Lower Amur River are genetically identical to the samples from the Seomjin River (South Korea) collected by Park & Kim (2003), we also analysed the original descriptions of some nominal species described from South Korea: C. producta, C. elatior, C. colorata and C. papyracea. Presumably, C. producta is a junior synonym of C. fluminea (for details, see Discussion). According to their original descriptions (Heude, 1887; von Martens, 1905), C. colorata and C. papyracea are small clams with a flattened umbo. At the same time, the specimens of Corbicula from the Lower Amur River are distinguished by a relatively large shell and prominent umbo. We were unable to find any significant conchological differences between our samples of Corbicula from the Lower Amur and the type specimens of nominal species described by Bogatov & Starobogatov (1994) (Figs 6, 7). The original morphological description of C. elatior published by von Martens (1905) (Fig. 7E) corresponds well to the morphological features of our samples from the Lower Amur River. Hence, we assume that C. elatior represents a species endemic to the Far East of Russia and the Korean Peninsula. The nominal species C. amurensis, C. neƲelskoyi and C. sirotskii are considered here junior synonyms of C. elatior., Published as part of Bespalaya, Yulia V., Kropotin, Alexander V., Kondakov, Alexander V., Aksenova, Olga V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Travina, Oksana V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Vinarski, Maxim V. & Bolotov, Ivan N., 2023, A taxonomic reassessment of native and invasive species of Corbicula clams (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) from the Russian Far East and Korea, pp. 104-126 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (1) on pages 116-119, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac078, http://zenodo.org/record/7499536, {"references":["von Martens E. 1905. Koreanische Susswasser-Mollusken. Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 8: 23 - 70.","Lindholm WA. 1925. Ueber der Vorkommen der Gattung Corbicula in Ussuri-Gebiete. Doklady Rossiyskoi Akademii Nauk: 29 - 32.","Bogatov VV, Starobogatov YI. 1994. Genus Corbicula in the Amur River (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae). Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 4: 147 - 150.","Glaubrecht M, Feher Z, Kohler F. 2007. Inventorizing an invader: annotated type catalogue of Corbiculidae Gray, 1847 (Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Veneroidea), including Old World limnic Corbicula in the Natural History Museum Berlin. Malacologia 49: 243 - 272.","Graf DL, Cummings KS. 2021. The freshaeater mussels (Unionoida) of the aeorld (and other less consequential biValVes), updated 28 May 2021. MUSSEL Project Web Site. Available at: http: // www. mussel-project. net /","Zatravkin MN, Bogatov VV. 1987. Large biValVe mollusks of the fresh and brackish aeaters of Far East of the USSR. A guide. Vladivostok: Far Eastern Branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.","Park JK, Kim W. 2003. Two Corbicula (Corbiculidae: Bivalvia) mitochondrial lineages are widely distributed in Asian freshwater environment. Molecular Phylogenetics and EVolution 29: 529 - 539.","Heude MP. 1887. Conchyliologie fluViatile de la proVince de Nanking [et de la Chine centrale]., Vol. 10, pl. 5, fig. 24. Paris: F. Savy."]}

CORBICULA JAPONICA PRIME, 1864 Corbicula japonica Prime, 1864: 68 (Japan, without a precise locality) = Corbicula biformis Reinhardt, 1877: 70 (Japan, ‘Jedo’ = Tokyo) = Cyrena (Corbicula) leana von Martens, 1877: 119, non Prime, 1864 (Yokohama) = Cyrena (Corbicula) transƲersa von Martens, 1877: 120 (Yokohama) = Cyrena yokohamensis G.B. Sowerby II, 1877: pl. 12, fig. 55 (Yokohama) = Corbicula oƲalis Reinhardt, 1878: 192, pl. 5, fig. 5, non Prime, 1860 (Japan) = Corbicula fuscata var. atrata Reinhardt, 1878: 191, pl. 5, fig. 4 (Japan) = Corbicula doenitziana Clessin, 1879: 197, pl. 39, fig. 4 (Japan, Yokohama) = Corbicula martensii Clessin, 1879: 196, pl. 38, figs 17, 18 (Japan, Yokohama) = Corbicula reiniana Clessin, 1879: 196, pl. 39, figs 8, 9 (Japan, Yokohama) = Corbicula sadoensis Pilsbry, 1901: 406 (Japan, Sado) H, C. elatior from the Lower Amur River (lot no. RMBH Corb 0015/1). I, longitudinal section of the siphon. J, gills. K, outgrowths on the mantle edge on the different parts of the mantle. L, section of the female gonad. M, section of the male gonad. Scale bars: 1 cm in A; 1 mm in B, F, G, J, K; 2 mm in D, E, H, I; 0.2 mm in L; 0.1 mm in M. Photographs: O.V. Aksenova. TAXONOMY OF NATIVE AND INVASIVE CLAMS 115 = Corbicula nipponensis Pilsbry, 1907: 159, pl. 7, figs 3, 4 (Japan, Kiogawaranuma, Mutsu) = Corbicula nipponensis delicata Pilsbry, 1907: 160, pl. 7, figs 11, 12 (Japan, Imaegata, Kaga) = Corbicula suifuensis var. finitima Lindholm, 1927: 552, pl. 32, fig. 2 [Russia, Primorye Region, estuary of the Mai-khé River (nowadays Artemovka)], synon. nov. = Corbicula fluminalis var. extrema Lindholm, 1927: 550 (Russia, Primorye Region, and Sakhalin Island) = Corbicula fluminea Zhadin, 1952: 317, non O.F. Müller, 1774, partim. = Corbicula lindholmi Kursalova & Starobogatov, 1971: 94 [Russia, Primorye Region, the lower course of the Pachikheza River (nowadays Kiparisovka) River)], synon. nov. Type material: Syntypes ZMB 32.198 (two pairs of valves ex coll. Gundlach; ‘ Corbicula japonica Prime, Japan, Gulick, Prime’); syntypes ZMB 170.411 (two pairs of valves ex coll. Dunker; ‘ Corbula japonica, von Mr Prime selbst erhalten’) inspected during this work. According to Glaubrecht et al. (2007), three other specimens (presumable syntypes) are kept in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA (not seen). Type locality: ‘ Japonia (fide Gulick) collect. Wheatley, Jay, Browne, Cooper, Lyc. Hist. Nat., Prime and Lea’ = Japan (Glaubrecht et al., 2007). Material examined: Far East of Russia: Artemovka, Kiparisovka, Razdolnaya, Partizanskaya and Kievka rivers, in total 194 specimens; IX.2020, Aksenova O. V., Bespalaya Yu. V., Kropotin A. V., Travina O. V., Vinarski M. V.leg.[lot nos RMBH Corb 54 and RMBH Corb 113–119], 43 specimens from the Razdolnaya and Artemovka rivers are kept in LMBI (accession numbers 21-043 and 21-045). Description: Shell relatively large, oval–triangular (Fig. 5). The umbo is centrally located and prominent. External shell colour varies from olive or greenish brown to black. The exterior exhibits concentric sculpture with regular ribs. Internal shell coloration matte white, with pale violet or dark purple marks in the area of the umbo. Hinge of the heterodont dentition type, with three cardinal teeth on each valve and two crenulated lateral teeth. Shell sculpture of young individuals characterized by well-marked concentric ridges and pronounced transverse stripes; shell coloration is lighter than in adults. Nacre varies from pure purple to purple with wide white marks. Siphons conical, both narrow. Inhalant siphon with a row of long papillae and with an additional row of short papillae. Black pigment is concentrated in rings internally at the base of both siphons and in the edge of the mantle forming the siphons. The outer surface of the siphons is white; on the inside, the siphons are bright orange. Larger papillae of the inhalant siphon, with dark rings. Distribution: East Asia: the Japan Sea (including some lakes and rivers near the sea), Korea, southern Sakhalin, southern Kurile Islands and the lower reaches of the Amur River (Glaubrecht et al., 2003; Yamada et al., 2014; Vinarski & Kantor, 2016)., Published as part of Bespalaya, Yulia V., Kropotin, Alexander V., Kondakov, Alexander V., Aksenova, Olga V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Travina, Oksana V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Vinarski, Maxim V. & Bolotov, Ivan N., 2023, A taxonomic reassessment of native and invasive species of Corbicula clams (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) from the Russian Far East and Korea, pp. 104-126 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (1) on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac078, http://zenodo.org/record/7499536, {"references":["Prime T. 1864. Notes on species of the family Corbiculadae, with figures. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of Neae York 8: 57 - 92.","von Martens E. 1905. Koreanische Susswasser-Mollusken. Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 8: 23 - 70.","Bogatov VV, Starobogatov YI. 1994. Genus Corbicula in the Amur River (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae). Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 4: 147 - 150.","Reinhardt O. 1877. [Herr Reinhardt legte eine Anzahl japanischer Land und Susswassermollusken]. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Jarhgang 1877: 67 - 70.","von Martens E. 1877. [Herr von Martens gab im Anschluss an den vorhergehenden Vortrag eine Uebersicht uber die von den Herren Dr. Fr. Hilgendorf und Dr. W. Donitz in Japan gesammelten Binnenmollusken]. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Jarhgang: 97 - 123.","Sowerby GB II. 1877. Monograph of the genus Cyrena. In: Conchologia iconica, or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, Vol. 20, London: L. Reeve, pl. 1, 1 - 19 and unpaginated text.","Reinhardt O. 1878. Ueber japanische Corbicula - Arten. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 5: 185 - 194.","Prime T. 1860. Descriptions of new shells from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 28: 319 - 322.","Clessin S. 1879. Die Familie der Cycladeen. In: Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet Von Martini und Chemnitz. Nurnberg: Verlag von Bauer & Raspe. S. 201 - 283, pl. 43 - 46.","Pilsbry HA. 1901. New Japanese marine, land and fresh-water Mollusca. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 53: 385 - 408.","Pilsbry HA. 1907. On Japanese species of Corbicula. Annotationes Zoologiae Japonenses 6: 153 - 160.","Lindholm WA. 1927. Zur kenntnis der Corbicula-Formen (Lamellibranchiata) Sudost-Sibiriens. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR 28: 550 - 554.","Zhadin VI. 1952. Mollusca of fresh and brackish waters of the USSR. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim institutom AN SSSR. Moscoae-Leningrad: SoVetskaya Nauka, 43: 1 - 346.","Muller O. F. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluViatilium, seu animalium infusorium, Helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. vol 2: I - XXXVI, 1 - 214, 10 unnumbered pages. Havniae et Lipsiae, apud Heineck et Faber, ex officina Molleriana.","Kursalova VI, Starobogatov YI. 1971. Mollusks of the genus Corbicula of the Antropogene of North and West Asia and Europe. In: Molluscs, trends, methods and results of their inVestigation. Fourth meeting on the Investigation of Mollus с s. Abstracts of communications. Moskva, Nauka, 93 - 96 [in Russian].","Glaubrecht M, Feher Z, Kohler F. 2007. Inventorizing an invader: annotated type catalogue of Corbiculidae Gray, 1847 (Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Veneroidea), including Old World limnic Corbicula in the Natural History Museum Berlin. Malacologia 49: 243 - 272.","Glaubrecht M, von Rintelen T, Korniushin AV. 2003. Towards a systematic revision of brooding freshwater Corbiculidae in southeast Asia (Bivalvia, Veneroida): on shell morphology, anatomy and molecular phylogenetics of endemic taxa from islands in Indonesia. Malacologica 45: 1 - 40.","Yamada M, Ishibashi R, Toyoda K, Kawamura K, Komaru A. 2014. Phylogeography of the brackish water clam Corbicula japonica around the Japanese archipelago inferred from mitochondrial COII gene sequences. Zoological Science 31: 168 - 179.","Vinarski MV, Kantor YI. 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish aeater molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. Moscow: A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS."]}

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221123979 for Trends and factors associated with influenza vaccination in subjects with asthma: analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2010 and 2019 by Sang Hyuk Kim, Hye Yun Park, Hwasik Jung, Sungmin Zo, Saerom Kim, Dong Won Park, Tai Sun Park, Ji-Yong Moon, Sang-Heon Kim, Tae-Hyung Kim, Jang Won Sohn, Ho Joo Yoon, Hyun Lee and Sun Hye Shin in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221123979 for Trends and factors associated with influenza vaccination in subjects with asthma: analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2010 and 2019 by Sang Hyuk Kim, Hye Yun Park, Hwasik Jung, Sungmin Zo, Saerom Kim, Dong Won Park, Tai Sun Park, Ji-Yong Moon, Sang-Heon Kim, Tae-Hyung Kim, Jang Won Sohn, Ho Joo Yoon, Hyun Lee and Sun Hye Shin in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

People nowadays try to improve their English competency in many ways. Accordingly, enhancing English proficiency by studying abroad is considered the most effective strategy. However, learning a second language which is not your mother tongue always gives you a lot of challenges. Therefore, to achieve the best outcome in exploring any new language, particular English, this requires language learners to have high motivation, a clear goal, and to be aware of its importance. This is because there is no success without effort or determination; trying is hard but giving up is too easy. This paper aims at exploring into motivation, especially discussing its impacts on language learning to figure out how important it is to international students in Australia. This paper is to help increase international students’ awareness of the importance of motivation, an indicator of success. The results have shown that motivation has both positive and negative impacts on studying English language.

Post-stroke insomnia (PSI) is highly prevalent complication of stroke patients. Herbal medicine (HM) has been widely used to treat insomnia. However, there has been no comprehensive systematic review by assessing efficacy and safety of HM on PSI so far. This protocol was developed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the evidences related to the effectiveness and safety of HM on PSI.

Antidepressants are used to treat depression. However, many patients do not respond to antidepressants and experience side effects of antidepressants. Therefore, it is necessary to find new and more effective and safe antidepressants to complement the limitation of conventional antidepressants. BHT was established 1,800 years ago and has been widely used to treat depression in many countries in South Korea, China, and Japan. Many studies have shown that BHT is effective for depression. However, there has been no comprehensive systematic review of BHT for depression until now. This systematic review protocol aims to describe a systematic review to assess the effectiveness and safety of BHT for depression.

RENO has been taking data since August, 2011 and successfully measured the smallest neutrino mixing angle, theta13. The measured value is obtained from the observed reactor anti-neutrino events with neutron captures on gadolinium (n-Gd) in the target detector region. The experiment has also measured the mixing angle using an independent sample of neutron captures on hydrogen (n-H). Because of a large accidental background in the n-H sample, an improved technique has been developed to make an effective removal of the background. For example, flashing PMTs make a contribution to an accidental background against a reactor neutrino signal. By effective removing the flashing events, we can make better extraction of the n-H reactor antineutrino signal. In particular, the (n-H) analysis utilizes events in both target and gamma-catcher and thus obtains a larger reactor antineutrino sample, twice more than that of (n-Gd). This independent measurement provides an important cross-check on the systematic uncertainties of the n-Gd theta13 measurement. In this talk, we will present a new measurement of theta13 using 2800 days of n-H data