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This paper demonstrated the effect of functionalized magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles with 3-(Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as fillers on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composite. The functionalization of MgO (S-MgO) considerably improved the inteface between the MgO and epoxy resin. The mechanical properties of the composites revealed that the addition of functionalized MgO improved their tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and ductility when compared to neat epoxy. In compare to neat epoxy, the in-plane thermal conductivity of the epoxy composite with S-MgO filler improved by 10 folds. These observations indicated that the silane functionalization on MgO contributes to the formation of a strong interfacial bond and a compact interconnected network between the filler and the epoxy matrix.

We sequenced four complete mitochondrial genomes (mt genomes) of members of the honey bee genus Apis (A. cerana, A. dorsata, A. laboriosa, and A. mellifera ligustica). These four and other available mt genome sequences of Apis were used to scrutinize the within-genus genomic characteristics, gene arrangement, and phylogenetic relationships of Apis. Furthermore, phylogenetic performance of 15 individual genes and two concatenated gene combinations were tested to locate suitable genes for Apis phylogeny. Phylogenetic reconstruction using all concatenated protein-coding genes (PCGs) and rRNAs strongly supported the presence of three lineages in Apis: the sister lineages of cavity-nesting honey bees (A. cerana, A. mellifera, A. nigrocincta, and A. koschevnikovi) and the giant honey bees (A. dorsata and A. laboriosa), and a divergent lineage consisting of the dwarf honey bees (A. florea and A. andreniformis). Apis mt genomes revealed two gene arrangements, trnE–trnS1 or trnS1–trnE in the tRNA block at the A + T-rich region and ND2 junction. The gene arrangement found in Apis are consistent with two independent derivations because the same arrangement was shared between non-sister species. Several number of two gene concatenation, along with the individual gene ND4, confirmed the current whole mt genome-based phylogeny with relatively strong support, signifying that these single and two gene combinations are sufficient for an extended within-genus phylogeny of Apis, without inclusion of additional genes. Descripción comparativa de los genomas mitocondriales de la abeja melífera Apis (Hymenoptera: Apidae): cuatro nuevas secuencias genómicas y filogenia de Apis utilizando genomas enteros y genes individuales Se secuenciaron cuatro genomas mitocondriales completos (genomas mt) de miembros del género Apis (A. cerana, A. dorsata, A. laboriosa y A. mellifera ligustica). Estas cuatro y otras secuencias disponibles del genoma mt de Apis se utilizaron para examinar las características genómicas dentro del género, la disposición de los genes y las relaciones filogenéticas de Apis. Además, se evaluó el rendimiento filogenético de 15 genes individuales y dos combinaciones de genes concatenados para localizar genes adecuados para la filogenia de Apis. La reconstrucción filogenética usando todos los genes codificadores de proteínas concatenados (PCGs) y rRNAs apoyó fuertemente la presencia de tres linajes en Apis: los linajes hermanos de las abejas melíferas que anidan en las cavidades (A. cerana, A. mellifera, A. nigrocincta y A. koschevnikovi) y las abejas melíferas gigantes (A. dorsata y A. laboriosa), y un linaje divergente formado por las abejas melíferas enanas (A. florea y A. andreniformis). Los genomas mitocondrialas de Apis revelaron dos disposiciones génicas, trnE-trnS1 o trnS1-trnE en el bloque de tRNA en la región rica en A + T y la unión ND2. La disposición de genes encontrada en Apis es consistente con dos derivaciones independientes porque la misma disposición fue compartida entre especies no hermanas. Varias concatenaciones de dos genes, junto con el gen individual ND4, confirmaron la filogenia actual basada en el genoma mt entero con un apoyo relativamente fuerte, lo que significa que estas combinaciones de uno y dos genes son suficientes para una filogenia extendida dentro del gen de Apis, sin la inclusión de genes adicionales.

Porter and Kramer (2002, 2011) argue the most important aspect of strategic corporate philanthropy is a created value through business activities....

As mobile communication market grows rapidly, in Korea, competitive strategies in mobile phone manufacturers are crucial. However, the way the mobile phone manufacturers adopt a pricing policy is not flexible enough to maximize the profit under the competitive environment. In this paper, we derive a dynamic pricing model for considering the price change of product itself but also the relative price change of competing products. Scenario analysis is performed to find optimal pricing policy based on genetic algorithm. Our proposed model is expected to provide adaptable pricing policy in a competitive market for a mobile phone set.

The research was tried to investigate the hydrogen generation from water by the pulsed power plasma process. Hydrogen was generated by way of the electrical pulse power discharge process with the ultrasonic wave. The yield on the hydrogen generation was also studied with and without operating the ultrasonic generator, in which the applied high voltage was varied from 10 kV to 15 kV. Nitrogen and argon gases were used as working gases. As the results, the generation yield using the pure nitrogen gas is better than argon and mixed gases such as argon and nitrogen. Hydrogen concentration are significantly increased when the ultrasonic generator was operated with the electrical discharge simultaneously. It is increased with increasing the applied ultrasonic level as well.

80lm/W white OLED has been successfully realized by introducing 3-stacked tandem structure along with internal light extraction layer. The power efficacy and lifetime of the device were maintained over 80 lm/W and 26,000 hr for LT70 condition at 4,200nit operation, respectively.

We analyze the embedding among HCN(n,n), HFN(n,n) and 2n-dimensional hypercube Q/sub 2n/. Further we prove that it is possible to embed HCN(n,n) to HFN(n,n) with dilation 3 and the cost of embedding HFN(n,n) to HCN(n,n) is O(n). We prove that it is possible to embed 2n-dimensional hypercube Q/sub 2n/ to HCN(n,n) and HFN(n,n) with dilation 3 and the cost of embedding HCN(n,n) and HFN(n,n) to 2n-dimensional hypercube Q/sub 2n/ is O(n).

We report a novel and simple method to fabricate top-emitting OLEDs having inverted structures. Contrary to the previous expectations, the inverted device provides even better device characteristics than that of the conventional OLEDs. Using the inverted OLED technology, we were able to fabricate 3.5″QVGA full-color AM-OLED devices.