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Additional file 1. In vivo subcutaneous transplantation results.

In Bitcoin, memory pool is a space of unconfirmed transactions. when a node receives newly generated transactions, the node verifies it and appends it into the local mempool. The transactions are stored in the mempool until they get included in a newly mined block. Since each node has a different capacity for storing unconfirmed transactions; thus, each node has different transactions stored in mempool. In this paper, we examine the mempool similarity using the Jaccard Index among four Bitcoin full nodes.

Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) concerns to develop a system that provides actual information and prediction related to space weather activities called Space Weather Information and Forecast Services (SWIFtS). SWIFtS is supported by a data storage system that serves data near real-time. Because the data is collected on one single server and is served by a centralized model, problems emerge when the researchers need the server for data processing and making forecasts to update the content on the SWIFtS website. The system is incapable of providing the latest data when the server is down. Therefore, we propose a new system that utilizes the decentralized model for storing data using the Inter Planetary File System (IPFS). Our proposed method focuses on the background process, and its scheme will increase the data availability and throughput by spreading it into nodes through a peer-to-peer connection. Other unused resources would be useful and no single point of failure. For monitoring, we develop a real-time data flow from each node and information of status nodes. As our expected, performance shown that our proposed system has better throughput than the existing system.

Supplementary_Table_1_(1) for Effectiveness and Safety of Simultaneous Integrated Boost-Proton Beam Therapy for Localized Pancreatic Cancer by Tae Hyun Kim, Woo Jin Lee, Sang Myung Woo, Hyunjung Kim, Eun Sang Oh, Ju Hee Lee, Sung-Sik Han, Sang-Jae Park, Yang-Gun Suh, Sung Ho Moon, Sang Soo Kim, and Dae Yong Kim in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

To accurately verify the dose of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), we have used a global optimization method to investigate a new dose-verification algorithm. In practical application of this quality assurance (QA) procedure, verification of the dose using calculated and measured dose distributions involves a subtle problem in the region of high dose gradient. Consideration of systematic errors shows that the large dose differences in high-dose-gradient regions are due to the unexpected shift of measuring devices. We have proposed an optimization algorithm to correct this error, and an optimization method to minimize the average dose difference has been used in this study. The relationship between the dose-verification procedure and the applied optimization algorithm is explained precisely. Optimization dramatically reduced the difference between measured and calculated dose distributions in all cases investigated. The obtained results support the relevance of our explanations for the problem in the high-dose-gradient region. We have described this dose-verification procedure for IMRT and intensity-modulated radiosurgery. Through this study we have also developed an intuitive reporting method that is statistically reasonable., Comment: 15pages, 7 figures, pdf only

Choi Sang Il1, Kim Sun Young1, Baek Ji Yeon1, Shim Eun Kyung1, Kim Hyun Mi1, Ku Ji Yeon2, Jang Mi Song I1, Park Sung Chan3, Kim Dae Yong4, Oh Jae Hwan3, Lee Seung Duk3, Han Sung-Sik3, Kim Seoung Hoon3, Park Sang Jae3 National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Korea National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea

We engineered an acellular biomimetic microenvironment to regulate stem cell fate and applied it to maintain mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal. In the 3D environment formed using hydrogel scaffolds in which specific integrin ligation was provided. Stat3 activation by exogenous leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) no longer acted as a limiting factor for stem cell self-renewal. Instead, simultaneous stimulation of integrins alpha(5)beta(1), alpha(v)beta(5), alpha(6)beta(1) and alpha(9)beta(1) within the 3D scaffold greatly increased Akt1 and Smad 1/5/8 activation, which resulted in prolonged self-renewal of the ES cells. The ES cells exposed to the combined stimulation of the integrins for 4 wk in LIF-free 3D scaffolds maintained the spherical morphology of cell colonies without losing any activity of pluripotency. In conclusion, cell niche-specific integrin signaling within the 3D environment supported mouse ES cell self-renewal, and the resulting integrin signaling replaced Stat3 with Akt1 and Smad 1/5/8 as critical signals for mouse ES cell self-renewal. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.