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Ternary composite with great modulation of electron transfers has attracted a lot of attention from the field of high-performance room-temperature (RT) gas sensing. Herein, walnut-like WO3-Ni–graphene ternary composites were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method for formaldehyde (HCHO) sensing at RT. The structural and morphological analyses were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM and TEM studies confirmed that walnut-like WO3 nanostructures with an average size of 53 ± 23 nm were functionalized. The Raman and XPS results revealed that, due to the deformation of the O-W-O lattice, surface oxygen vacancies Ov and surface-adsorbed oxygen species Oc were present. The gas-sensing measurement shows that the response of the WO3-Ni-Gr composite (86.8%) was higher than that of the Ni-Gr composite (22.7%) for 500 ppm HCHO at RT. Gas-sensing enhancement can be attributed to a p-n heterojunction formation between WO3 and Ni-Gr, Oc, spill-over effect of Ni decoration, and a special walnut-like structure. Moreover, long term stability (%R = 61.41 ± 1.66) for 30 days and high selectivity in the presence of other gases against HCHO suggested that the proposed sensor could be an ideal candidate for future commercial HCHO-sensing in a real environment.

The current research focuses on the scaffolding instructional technique in improving students’ understanding level in the subject of mathematics. The study was experimental in nature and thereby experiment was conducted at Government School Daraban Kalan, District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber PakhtunKhwa. Two groups are formed of 10th grade students on the basis on pre-test score. Twenty-five (25) students were randomly assigned to control group whereas 25 students assigned randomly to experimental group. Control group were taught to conventional style of teaching while treatment group was taught by using scaffolding instructional approach. Pretest and Posttest was developed from 10th grade mathematics syllabus. The result of the study reveals that students secured high marks in experimental group as compared to control group. The study concluded that scaffolding instructional strategy enhances the students learning in academic achievement.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used in various applications, such as metal corrosion monitoring. However, many conventional corrosion monitoring setups are bulky and inconvenient for in-situ testing. The purpose of this work is to reduce the size of the whole corrosion monitoring system. We utilized EIS to design a field deployable impedance-based corrosion sensor (FDICS), capable of performing in-situ EIS analysis. Experiments verified the sensor’s accuracy, and the results showed that the sensor performed similarly to a bench-top EIS machine when we tested on circuit models. Furthermore, we used the proposed FDICS to monitor a metal corrosion experiment and performed EIS. The result showed that the proposed FDICS is able to obtain the sample’s impedance spectroscopy, which could help researchers test its corrosion severity on a metallic sample in-situ. Compared to other bulky conventional setups, our device eliminates the design complexity while still showing insights into the corrosion reaction.

VCU Theses and Dissertations

Additional file 1: Fig S1. (a) Boxplot of GSE15441 data preprocessing before and after normalization. (b) Boxplot of GSE15020 data preprocessing before and after normalization. Blue and grey boxes refer to E. coli infected and healthy mammary tissue samples. Fig S2. Hierarchical clustering of DEGs in (a) teat cistern, (b) gland cistern, (c) lobuloalveolar, and (d) Furstenberg’s rosette. Fig S3. (a) The histogram of the category of enriched GO BP terms for the 101 ODEGs. (b) The histogram of the category of enriched KEGG pathways for the 101 Overlapping Differentially Express Genes (ODEGs). The horizontal axis represents the number of genes, and the vertical axis represents terms. The color bar means changes of significance. Fig S4. PPI network of Overlapping Differentially Express Genes (ODEGs). Table S1. Presents the 101 overlapped DEGs (ODEG; 100 up-regulated and 1 down-regulated the gene). Table S2. Enriched GO BPs for 101 ODEGs. Table S3. List of searched miRNAs from the miRTarBase database. Table S4. List of searched TFs from WebGestalt. Table S5. Copy Number Variants (CNVs) of CTSC, IL10, IL8, and IL18. Table S6. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CTSC, IL10, IL8, and IL18.

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