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Introduction: Public attitudes towards stuttering have been shown to reflect negative stereotypes and stigma around the world, and especially so in several Middle Eastern studies. Nevertheless, att...

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 요르단과학기술대학교(JUST)에서 의사소통장애(CSD)를 전공하는 1-4학년 학생들을 대상으로, 이들의 말더듬 및 말더듬는 사람(PWS)에 대한 태도를 살펴보았다. 방법: JUST에서 CSD를 전공하는 1-4학년 학생들이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 표준화 검사도구인 POSHA-S의 아랍어판을 이용하여 각 학년의 말더듬 태도를...

Five adult male stutterers were subjected to electric shock under three conditions. After stuttering frequency was stable in base rate, three subjects were (1) presented electric shock continuously, but the shock was terminated for five seconds contingent on each stuttering (escape); (2) not presented electric shock continuously, but were given a burst of shock contingent on each stuttering (punish); and (3) allowed to choose the shock condition they preferred. Two other subjects followed the same procedure, except that the order of the escape and punish conditions was reversed. The five subjects behaved differently in the various experimental conditions. For three subjects, the percentage of words stuttered changed very little in the escape condition, whereas two subjects' stuttering increased in escape. In the punish condition, the percentage of words stuttered changed very little for one subject, increased for two subjects and decreased for two subjects. Little change in stuttering behavior occurred in the preferred choice condition.