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2. Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

Author

Barontini, G., Blackburn, L., Boyer, V., Butuc-Mayer, F., Calmet, X., Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, J. R., Curtis, E. A., Darquie, B., Dunningham, J., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Georgiou, K., Gill, P., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Harwood, A. C., Hill, I. R., Hendricks, R. J., Jeong, M., Johnson, M. Y. H., Keller, M., Sajith, L. P. Kozhiparambil, Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Mayo, C., Newman, P., Parsons, A. O., Prokhorov, L., Robertson, B. I., Rodewald, J., Safronova, M. S., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Stadnik, Y. V., Szymaniec, K., Tarbutt, M. R., Thompson, R. C., Tofful, A., Tunesi, J., Vecchio, A., Wang, Y., and Worm, S.

Subjects
variations of fundamental constants, physics beyond the Standard Model, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), atomic and molecular clocks, parametrization [dark matter], Solitons, dark matter: parametrization, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics, networks of quantum sensors, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Dark energy, Dark matter, ddc:530, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, numerical calculations, Violation of fundamental symmetries, new physics, grand unification theories, Quantum gravity, stability, dark matter, dark energy, sensitivity, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, density [dark energy], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, dark energy: density, Control and Systems Engineering, network, ion, performance, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

EPJ Quantum Technology 9(1), 12 (2022). doi:10.1140/epjqt/s40507-022-00130-5, The detection of variations of fundamental constants of the Standard Model would provide us with compelling evidence of new physics, and could lift the veil on the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we discuss how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to look for such variations with unprecedented sensitivity over a wide range of time scales. This is precisely the goal of the recently launched QSNET project: A network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants. QSNET will include state-of-the-art atomic clocks, but will also develop next-generation molecular and highly charged ion clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variations of fundamental constants. We describe the technological and scientific aims of QSNET and evaluate its expected performance. We show that in the range of parameters probed by QSNET, either we will discover new physics, or we will impose new constraints on violations of fundamental symmetries and a range of theories beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter and dark energy models., Published by Springer Open, Heidelberg ˜[u.a.]œ

Published
2022
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3. Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

Author

Barontini, G, Blackburn, L, Boyer, V, Butuc-Mayer, F, Calmet, X, Lopez-Urrutia, JRC, Curtis, EA, Darquie, B, Dunningham, J, Fitch, NJ, Forgan, EM, Georgiou, K, Gill, P, Godun, RM, Goldwin, J, Guarrera, V, Harwood, A, Hill, IR, Hendricks, RJ, Jeong, M, Johnson, MYH, Keller, M, Sajith, LPK, Kuipers, F, Margolis, HS, Mayo, C, Newman, P, Parsons, AO, Prokhorov, L, Robertson, BI, Rodewald, J, Safronova, MS, Sauer, BE, Schioppo, M, Sherrill, N, Stadnik, YV, Szymaniec, K, Tarbutt, MR, Thompson, RC, Tofful, A, Tunesi, J, Vecchio, A, Wang, Y, and Worm, S

Subjects
hep-ex, gr-qc, astro-ph.CO, hep-ph, physics.atom-ph
Abstract

The detection of variations of fundamental constants of the Standard Model would provide us with compelling evidence of new physics, and could lift the veil on the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we discuss how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to look for such variations with unprecedented sensitivity over a wide range of time scales. This is precisely the goal of the recently launched QSNET project: A network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants. QSNET will include state-of-the-art atomic clocks, but will also develop next-generation molecular and highly charged ion clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variations of fundamental constants. We describe the technological and scientific aims of QSNET and evaluate its expected performance. We show that in the range of parameters probed by QSNET, either we will discover new physics, or we will impose new constraints on violations of fundamental symmetries and a range of theories beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter and dark energy models.

Published
2021

4. The impact of stapling technique and surgeon specialism on anastomotic failure after right-sided colorectal resection: an international multicentre, prospective audit

Author

Glasbey, Jc, Nepogodiev, D, Battersby, N, Bhangu, A, El-Hussuna, A, Frasson, M, Singh, B, Vennix, S, Zmora, O, Pinkney, T, Chaudhri, S, Bemelman, W, Christensen, P, D'Hoore, A, Laurberg, S, Morton, D, Rubbini, M, Vaizey, C, Mehta, S, Ives, N, Magill, L, Perry, R, Sheward, N, Cillo, M, Estefania, D, Patron Uriburu, J, Ruiz, H, Salomon, M, Makhmudov, A, Selnyahina, L, Varabei, A, Vizhynis, Y, Claeys, D, Defoort, B, Muysoms, F, Pletinckx, P, Vergucht, V, Debergh, I, Feryn, T, Reusens, H, Nachtergaele, M, Francart, D, Jehaes, C, Markiewicz, S, Monami, B, Weerts, J, Bouckaert, W, Houben, B, Knol, J, Sergeant, G, Vangertruyden, G, Haeck, L, Lange, C, Sommeling, C, Vindevoghel, K, Castro, S, De Bruyn, H, Huyghe, M, De Wolf, E, Reynders, D, de Buck van Overstraeten, A, Wolthuis, A, Delibegovic, S, Christiani, A, Marchiori, M Jr, Rocha de Moraes, C, Tercioti, V Jr, Arabadjieva, E, Bulanov, D, Dardanov, D, Stoyanov, V, Yonkov, A, Angelov, K, Maslyankov, S, Sokolov, M, Todorov, G, Toshev, S, Georgiev, Y, Karashmalakov, A, Zafirov, G, Wang, X, Condic, D, Kraljik, D, Mrkovic, H, Pavkovic, V, Raguž, K, Bencurik, V, Holášková, E, Skrovina, M, Farkašová, M, Grolich, T, Kala, Z, Antos, F, Pruchova, V, Sotona, O, Chobola, M, Dusek, T, Ferko, A, Örhalmi, J, Hoch, J, Kocian, P, Martinek, L, Bernstein, I, Gotschalck Sunesen, K, Leunbach, J, Thorlacius-Ussing, O, Uth Oveson, A, Dahl Chirstensen, S, Gamez, V, Oeting, M, Schou Loeve, U, Ugianskis, A, Jessen, M, Krarup, P, Linde, K, Mirza, Q, Overgaard Stovring, J, Erritzøe, L, Loft Jakobsen, H, Lykke, J, Palmgren Colov, E, Husted Madsen, A, Linde Friis, T, Amstrup Funder, J, Dich, R, Kjaer, S, Rasmussen, S, Schlesinger, N, Dilling Kjaer, M, Qvist, N, Khalid, A, Ali, G, Hadi, S, Rosell Walker, L, Kivelä, A, Lehtonen, T, Lepistö, A, Scheinin, T, Siironen, P, Kössi, J, Kuusanmäki, P, Tomminen, T, Turunen, A, Rautio, T, Vierimaa, M, Huhtinen, H, Karvonen, J, Lavonius, M, Rantala, A, Varpe, P, Cotte, E, Francois, Y, Glehen, O, Kepenekian, V, Passot, G, Maggiori, L, Manceau, G, Panis, Y, Gout, M, Rullier, E, van Geluwe, B, Chafai, N, Lefevre, Jh, Parc, Y, Tiret, E, Couette, C, Duchalais, E, Agha, A, Hornberger, M, Hungbauer, A, Iesalnieks, I, Weindl, I, Crescenti, F, Keller, M, Kolodziejski, N, Scherer, R, Sterzing, D, Bock, B, Boehm, G, El-Magd, M, Krones, C, Niewiera, M, Buhr, J, Cordesmeyer, S, Hoffmann, M, Krückemeier, K, Vogel, T, Schön, M, Baral, J, Lukoschek, T, Münch, S, Pullig, F, Horisberger, K, Kienle, P, Magdeburg, J, Post, S, Batzalexis, K, Germanos, S, Agalianos, C, Dervenis, C, Gouvas, N, Kanavidis, P, Kottikias, A, Katsoulis, Ie, Korkolis, D, Plataniotis, G, Sakorafas, G, Akrida, I, Argentou, M, Kollatos, C, Lampropoulos, C, Tsochatzis, S, Besznyák, I, Bursics, A, Egyed, T, Papp, G, Svastics, I, Atladottir, J, Möller, P, Sigurdsson, H, Stefánsson, T, Valsdottir, E, Andrews, E, Foley, N, Hechtl, D, Majeed, M, Mccourt, M, Hanly, A, Hyland, J, Martin, S, O'Connell, Pr, Winter, D, Connelly, T, Joyce, W, Wrafter, P, Berkovitz, R, Avital, S, Haj Yahia, I, Hermann, N, Shpitz, B, White, I, Lishtzinsky, Y, Tsherniak, A, Wasserberg, N, Horesh, N, Keler, U, Pery, R, Shapiro, R, Tulchinsky, H, Badran, B, Dayan, K, Iskhakov, A, Lecaros, J, Nabih, N, Angrima, I, Bardini, R, Pizzolato, E, Tonello, M, Arces, F, Balestri, R, Ceccarelli, C, Prosperi, V, Rossi, E, Giannini, I, Vincenti, L, Di Candido, F, Di Iena, M, Guglielmi, A, Caputi-Iambrenghi, O, Marsanic, P, Mellano, A, Muratore, A, Annecchiarico, M, Bencini, L, Amore Bonapasta, S, Coratti, A, Guerra, F, Asteria, Cr, Boccia, L, Gerard, L, Pascariello, A, Manca, G, Marino, F, Casaril, A, Inama, M, Moretto, G, Bacchelli, C, Carvello, M, Mariani, N, Montorsi, M, Spinelli, A, Romairone, E, Scabini, S, Belli, A, Bianco, F, De Franciscis, S, Maria Romano, G, Delrio, P, Pace, U, Rega, D, Sassaroli, C, Scala, D, De Luca, R, Ruggieri, E, Elbetti, C, Garzi, A, Romoli, L, Scatizzi, M, Vannucchi, A, Curletti, G, Durante, V, Galleano, R, Mariani, F, Reggiani, L, Bellomo, R, Infantino, A, Franceschilli, L, Sileri, P, Clementi, I, Coletta, D, La Torre, F, Mingoli, A, Velluti, F, Di Giacomo, A, Fiorot, A, Massani, M, Padoan, L, Ruffolo, C, Caruso, S, Franceschini, F, Laessig, R, Monaci, I, Rontini, M, Annunziata Azienda SM, De Nardi, P, Elmore, U, Lemma, M, Rosati, R, Tamburini, A, De Luca, M, Sartori, A, Benevento, A, Bottini, C, Ferrari, Cc, Pata, F, Tessera, G, Pellino, G, Selvaggi, F, Lanzani, A, Romano, F, Sgroi, G, Steccanella, F, Turati, L, Yamamoto, T, Ancans, G, Gerkis, S, Leja, M, Pcolkins, A, Sivins, A, Latkauskas, T, Lizdenis, P, Saladžinskas, Ž, Švagždys, S, Tamelis, A, Razbadauskas, A, Sokolovas, M, Dulskas, A, Samalavicius, N, Jotautas, V, Mikalauskas, S, Poskus, E, Poskus, T, Strupas, K, Camenzuli, C, Cini, C, Predrag, A, Psaila, J, Spiteri, N, Buskens, C, de Groof EJ, Gooszen, J, Tanis, P, Belgers, E, Davids, P, Furnee, E, Postma, E, Pronk, A, Smakman, N, Clermonts, S, Zimmerman, D, Omloo, J, van der Zaag, E, van Duijvendijk, P, Wassenaar, E, Bruijninckx, M, de Graff, E, Doornebosch, P, Tetteroo, G, Vermaas, M, Iordens, G, Knops, S, Toorenvliet, B, van Westereenen HL, Boerma, E, Coene, P, van der Harst, E, Van Der Pool, A, Raber, M, Melenhorst, J, de Castro, S, Gerhards, M, Arron, M, Bremers, A, de Wilt, H, Ferenschild, F, Yauw, S, Cense, H, Demirkiran, A, Hunfeld, M, Mulder, I, Nonner, J, Swank, H, van Wagensveld, B, Bolmers, M, Briel, J, van Geloven, A, van Rossem, C, Klemann, V, Konsten, J, Leenders, B, Schok, T, Bleeker, W, Gidwani, A, Lawther, R, Loughlin, P, Skelly, B, Spence, R, Brun, M, Helgeland, M, Ignjatovic, D, Øresland, T, Yousefi, P, Flåten Backe, I, Helmer Sjo, O, Nesbakken, A, Tandberg-Eriksen, M, Cais, A, Hallvard Traeland, J, Herikstad, R, Kørner, H, Lauvland, N, Jajtner, D, Kabiesz, W, Rak, M, Gmerek, L, Horbacka, K, Horst, N, Krokowicz, P, Kwiatkowski, A, Pasnik, K, Karcz, P, Romaniszyn, M, Rusek, T, Walega, P, Czarencki, R, Obuszko, Z, Sitarska, M, Wojciech, W, Zawadzki, M, Amado, S, Clara, P, Couceiro, A, Malaquias, R, Rama, N, Almeida, A, Barbosa, E, Cernadas, E, Duarte, A, Silva, P, Costa, S, Martinez Insua, C, Marques, R, Pereira, J, Pereira, C, Sacchetti, M, Carvalho Pinto, B, Jorge Vieira Sousa, P, Oliveira, A, Cardoso, R, Carlos, S, Corte-Real, J, Moniz Pereira, P, Souto, R, Carneiro, C, Marinho, R, Nunes, V, Rocha, R, Sousa, M, Leite, J, Melo, F, Pimentel, J, Ventura, L, Vila Nova, C, Copăescu, C, Bintintan, V, Ciuce, C, Dindelegan, G, Scurtu, R, Seicean, R, Domansky, N, Karachun, A, Moiseenko, A, Pelipas, Y, Petrov, A, Pravosudov, I, Aiupov, R, Akmalov, Y, Parfenov, A, Suleymanov, N, Tarasov, N, Jumabaev, H, Mamedli, Z, Rasulov, A, Aliev, I, Chernikovskiy, I, Kochnev, V, Komyak, K, Smirnov, A, Achkasov, S, Bolikhov, K, Shelygin, Y, Sushkov, O, Zapolskiy, A, Gvozdenovic, M, Jovanovic, D, Lausevic, Z, Cvetković, D, Maravić, M, Milovanovic, B, Stojakovic, N, Tripković, I, Mihajlovic, D, Nestorovic, M, Pecic, V, Petrovic, D, Stanojevic, G, Barisic, G, Dimitrijevic, I, Krivokapic, Z, Markovic, V, Popovic, M, Aleksic, A, Dabic, D, Kostic, I, Milojkovic, A, Perunicic, V, Lukic, D, Petrovic, T, Radovanovic, D, Radovanovic, Z, Cuk, Vm, Cuk, Vv, Kenic, M, Kovacevic, B, Krdzic, I, Korcek, J, Rems, M, Toplak, J, Escarrâ, J, Gil Barrionuevo, M, Golda, T, Kreisler Moreno, E, Zerpa Martin, C, Álvarez Laso, C, Cumplido, P, Padin, H, Baixauli Fons, J, Hernández-Lizoain, J, Martinez-Ortega, P, Molina-Fernández, M, Sánchez-Justicia, C, Antonio Gracia Solanas, J, Córdoba Díaz de Laspra, E, Echazarreta-Gallego, E, Elia-Guedea, M, Ramirez, J, Arredondo Chaves, J, Diez González, P, Elosua, T, Sahagún, J, Turienzo Frade, A, Álvarez Conde, J, Castrillo, E, Diaz Maag, R, Maderuelo, V, Saldarriaga, L, Aldrey Cao, I, Fernández Varela, X, Núñez Fernández, S, Parajó Calvo, A, Villar Álvarez, S, Blesa Sierra, I, Lozano, R, Márquez, M, Porcel, O, Menendez, P, Fernández Hevia, M, Flores Sigüenza, L, Jimenez Toscano, M, Lacy Fortuny, A, Ordoñez Trujillo, J, Espi, A, Garcia-Botello, S, Martín-Arévalo, J, Moro-Valdezate, D, Pla-Martí, V, Blanco-Antona, F, Abrisqueta, J, Ibañez Canovas, N, Lujan Mompean, J, Escolá Ripoll, D, Martinez Gonzalez, S, Parodi, J, Fernández López, A, Ramos Fernández, M, Castellvi Valls, J, Ortiz de Zarate, L, Ribas, R, Sabia, D, Viso, L, Alonso Gonçalves, S, José Gil Egea, M, Pascual Damieta, M, Pera, M, Salvans Ruiz, S, Bernal, J, Landete, F, Ais, G, Etreros, J, Aguiló Lucia, J, Boscá, A, Deusa, S, García Del Caño, J, Viciano, V, García-Armengol, J, Roig, J, Blas, J, Escartin, J, Fatás, J, Fernando, J, Ferrer, R, Arias Pacheco, R, García Flórez, L, Moreno Gijón, M, Otero Díez, J, Solar Garcia, L, Aguilar Teixido, F, Balaguer Ojo, C, Bargallo Berzosa, J, Lamas Moure, S, Enrique Sierra, J, Fermiñán, A, Herrerias, F, Rufas, M, Viñas, J, Codina-Cazador, A, Farrés, R, Gómez, N, Julià, D, Planellas, P, López, J, Luna, A, Maristany, C, Muñoz Duyos, A, Puértolas, N, Alcantara Moral, M, Serra-Aracil, X, Concheiro Coello, P, Gómez, D, Carton, C, Miguel, A, Reoyo Pascual, F, Valero Cerrato, X, Zambrano Muñoz, R, Cervera-Aldama, J, García González, J, Ramos-Prada, J, Santamaría-Olabarrieta, M, Urigüen-Echeverría, A, Coves Alcover, R, Espinosa Soria, J, Fernandez Rodriguez, E, Hernandis Villalba, J, Maturana Ibañez, V, De la Torre Gonzalez, F, Huerga, D, Pérez Viejo, E, Rivera, A, Ruiz Ucar, E, Garcia-Septiem, J, Jiménez, V, Jiménez Miramón, J, Ramons Rodriquez, J, Rodriguez Alvarez, V, Garcea, A, Ponchietti, L, Borda, N, Enriquez-Navascues, J, Saralegui, Y, Febles Molina, G, Nogues, E, Rodríguez Méndez, Á, Roque Castellano, C, Sosa Quesada, Y, Alvarez-Gallego, M, Pascual, I, Rubio-Perez, I, Diaz-San Andrés, B, Tone-Villanueva, F, Alonso, J, Cagigas, C, Castillo, J, Gómez, M, Martín-Parra, J, Mengual Ballester, M, Pellicer Franco, E, Soria Aledo, V, Valero Navarro, G, Caballero Rodríguez, E, Gonzalez De Chaves, P, Hernandez, G, Perez Alvarez, A, Soto Sanchez, A, Cesar Becerra Garcia, F, Guillermo Alonso Roque, J, López Rodríguez Arias, F, Del Valle Ruiz SR, Sánchez De La Villa, G, Compañ, A, García Marín, A, Nofuentes, C, Orts Micó, F, Pérez Auladell, V, Carrasco, M, Duque Perez, C, Gálvez-Pastor, S, Navarro Garcia, I, Sanchez Perez, A, Enjuto, D, Manuel Bujalance, F, Marcelin, N, Pérez, M, Serrano García, R, Cabrera, A, de la Portilla, F, Diaz-Pavon, J, Jimenez-Rodriguez, R, Vazquez-Monchul, J, Daza González, J, Gómez Pérez, R, Rivera Castellano, J, Roldán de la Rua, J, Errasti Alustiza, J, Fernandez, L, Romeo Ramirez, J, Sardon Ramos, J, Cermeño Toral, B, Alias, D, Garcia-Olmo, D, Guadalajara, H, Herreros, M, Pacheco, P, Del Castillo Díez, F, Lima Pinto, F, Martínez Alegre, J, Ortega, I, Picardo Nieto Antonio, A, Caro, A, Escuder, J, Feliu, F, Millan, M, Alos Company, R, Frangi Caregnato, A, Lozoya Trujillo, R, Rodríguez Carrillo, R, Ruiz Carmona, M, Alonso, N, Ambrona Zafra, D, Amilka Ayala Candia, B, Bonnin Pascual, J, Pineño Flores, C, Alcazar Montero, J, Angoso Clavijo, M, Garcia, J, Sanchez Tocino, J, Gómez-Alcazar, C, Costa-Navarro, D, Ferri-Romero, J, Rey-Riveiro, M, Romero-Simó, M, Arencibia, B, Esclapez, P, García-Granero, E, Granero, P, Medina Fernández FJ, Gallardo Herrera AB, Diaz López, C, Navarro Rodriguez, E, Torres Tordera, E, Arenal, J, Citores, M, Marcos, J, Sánchez, J, Tinoco, C, Espin, E, Garcia Granero, A, Jimenez Gomez, L, Sanchez Garcia, J, Vallribera, F, Folkesson, J, Sköldberg, F, Bergman, K, Borgström, E, Frey, J, Silfverberg, A, Söderholm, M, Nygren, J, Segelman, J, Gustafsson, D, Lagerqvist, A, Papp, A, Pelczar, M, Abraham-Nordling, M, Ahlberg, M, Sjovall, A, Tengstrom, J, Hagman, K, Chabok, A, Ezra, E, Nikberg, M, Smedh, K, Tiselius, C, Al-Naimi, N, Dao Duc, M, Meyer, J, Mormont, M, Ris, F, Prevost, G, Villiger, P, Hoffmann, H, Kettelhack, C, Kirchhoff, P, Oertli, D, Weixler, B, Aytac, B, Leventoglu, S, Mentes, B, Yuksel, O, Demirbas, S, Busra Ozkan, B, Selçuk Özbalci, G, Sungurtekin, U, Gülcü, B, Ozturk, E, Yilmazlar, T, Challand, C, Fearnhead, N, Hubbard, R, Kumar, S, Arthur, J, Barben, C, Skaife, P, Slawik, S, Williams, M, Zammit, M, Barker, J, French, J, Sarantitis, I, Slawinski, C, Clifford, R, Eardley, N, Johnson, M, Mcfaul, C, Vimalachandran, D, Allan, S, Bell, A, Oates, E, Shanmugam, V, Brigic, A, Halls, M, Pucher, P, Stubbs, B, Agarwal, T, Chopada, A, Mallappa, S, Pathmarajah, M, Sugden, C, Brown, C, Macdonald, E, Mckay, A, Richards, J, Robertson, A, Kaushal, M, Patel, P, Tezas, S, Touqan, N, Ayaani, S, Marimuthu, K, Piramanayagam, B, Vourvachis, M, Iqbal, N, Korsgen, S, Seretis, C, Shariff, U, Arnold, S, Chan, H, Clark, E, Fernandes, R, Moran, B, Bajwa, A, Mcarthur, D, Cao, K, Cunha, P, Pardoe, H, Quddus, A, Theodoropoulou, K, Bolln, C, Denys, G, Gillespie, M, Manimaran, N, Reidy, J, Malik, Ai, Malik, A, Pitt, J, Aryal, K, El-Hadi, A, Lal, R, Pal, A, Velchuru, V, Oliveira Cunha, M, Thomas, M, Bains, S, Boyle, K, Miller, A, Norwood, M, Yeung, J, Goian, L, Gurjar, S, Saghir, W, Sengupta, N, Stewart-Parker, E, Bailey, S, Khalil, T, Lawes, D, Nikolaou, S, Omar, G, Church, R, Muthiah, B, Garrett, W, Marsh, P, Obeid, N, Chandler, S, Coyne, P, Evans, M, Hunt, L, Lim, J, Oliphant, Z, Papworth, E, Weaver, H, Cuiñas Leon, K, Williams, G, Hernon, J, Kapur, S, Moosvi, R, Shaikh, I, Swafe, L, Aslam, M, Evans, J, Ihedioha, U, Kang, P, Merchant, J, Hompes, R, Middleton, R, Broomfield, A, Crutten-Wood, D, Foster, J, Nash, G, Akhtar, M, Boshnaq, M, Eldesouky, S, Mangam, S, Rabie, M, Ahmed, J, Khan, J, Ming Goh, N, Shamali, A, Stefan, S, Thompson, C, Amin, A, Docherty, J, Lim, M, Walker, K, Watson, A, Hossack, M, Mackenzie, N, Paraoan, M, Alam, N, Daniels, I, Narang, S, Pathak, S, Smart, N, Al-Qaddo, A, Codd, R, Rutka, O, Bronder, C, Crighton, I, Davies, E, Raymond, T, Bookless, L, Griffiths, B, Plusa, S, Carlson, G, Harrison, R, Lees, N, Mason, C, Quayle, J, Branagan, G, Broadhurst, J, Chave, H, Sleight, S, Awad, F, Cruickshank, N, Joy, H, Boereboom, C, Daliya, P, Dhillon, A, Watson, N, Watson, R, Artioukh, D, Gokul, K, Javed, M, Kong, R, Sutton, J, Faiz, O, Jenkins, I, Leo, Ca, Samaranayake, Sf, Warusavitarne, J, Arya, S, Bhan, C, Mukhtar, H, Oshowo, A, Wilson, J, Duff, S, Fatayer, T, Mbuvi, J, Sharma, A, Cornish, J, Davies, L, Harries, R, Morris, C, Torkington, J, Knight, J, Lai, C, Shihab, O, Tzivanakis, A, Hussain, A, Luke, D, Padwick, R, Torrance, A, Tsiamis, A, Dawson, P, Balfour, A, Brady, R, Mander, J, Paterson, H, Chandratreya, N, Chu, H, Cutting, J, Vernon, S, Wai Ho, C, Andreani, S, Patel, H, Warner, M, Yan Qi Tan, J, Iqbal, A, Khan, A, Perrin, K, Raza, A, Tan, S., Glasbey, J. C., Nepogodiev, D., Battersby, N., Bhangu, A., El-Hussuna, A., Frasson, M., Singh, B., Vennix, S., Zmora, O., Pinkney, T., Chaudhri, S., Bemelman, W., Christensen, P., D'Hoore, A., Laurberg, S., Morton, D., Rubbini, M., Vaizey, C., Mehta, S., Ives, N., Magill, L., Perry, R., Sheward, N., Cillo, M., Estefania, D., Patron Uriburu, J., Ruiz, H., Salomon, M., Makhmudov, A., Selnyahina, L., Varabei, A., Vizhynis, Y., Claeys, D., Defoort, B., Muysoms, F., Pletinckx, P., Vergucht, V., Debergh, I., Feryn, T., Reusens, H., Nachtergaele, M., Francart, D., Jehaes, C., Markiewicz, S., Monami, B., Weerts, J., Bouckaert, W., Houben, B., Knol, J., Sergeant, G., Vangertruyden, G., Haeck, L., Lange, C., Sommeling, C., Vindevoghel, K., Castro, S., De Bruyn, H., Huyghe, M., De Wolf, E., Reynders, D., de Buck van Overstraeten, A., Wolthuis, A., Delibegovic, S., Christiani, A., Marchiori, M., Rocha de Moraes, C., Tercioti, V., Arabadjieva, E., Bulanov, D., Dardanov, D., Stoyanov, V., Yonkov, A., Angelov, K., Maslyankov, S., Sokolov, M., Todorov, G., Toshev, S., Georgiev, Y., Karashmalakov, A., Zafirov, G., Wang, X., Condic, D., Kraljik, D., Mrkovic, H., Pavkovic, V., Raguž, K., Bencurik, V., Holášková, E., Skrovina, M., Farkašová, M., Grolich, T., Kala, Z., Antos, F., Pruchova, V., Sotona, O., Chobola, M., Dusek, T., Ferko, A., Örhalmi, J., Hoch, J., Kocian, P., Martinek, L., Bernstein, I., Gotschalck Sunesen, K., Leunbach, J., Thorlacius-Ussing, O., Uth Oveson, A., Dahl Chirstensen, S., Gamez, V., Oeting, M., Schou Loeve, U., Ugianskis, A., Jessen, M., Krarup, P., Linde, K., Mirza, Q., Overgaard Stovring, J., Erritzøe, L., Loft Jakobsen, H., Lykke, J., Palmgren Colov, E., Husted Madsen, A., Linde Friis, T., Kjær, S., Rasmussen, S., Schlesinger, N., Dilling Kjaer, M., Qvist, N., Khalid, A., Ali, G., Hadi, S., Rosell Walker, L., Kivelä, A., Lehtonen, T., Lepistö, A., Scheinin, T., Siironen, P., Kössi, J., Kuusanmäki, P., Tomminen, T., Turunen, A., Rautio, T., Vierimaa, M., Huhtinen, H., Karvonen, J., Lavonius, M., Rantala, A., Varpe, P., Cotte, E., Francois, Y., Glehen, O., Kepenekian, V., Passot, G., Maggiori, L., Manceau, G., Panis, Y., Gout, M., Rullier, E., van Geluwe, B., Chafai, N., Lefevre, J. H., Parc, Y., Tiret, E., Couette, C., Duchalais, E., Agha, A., Hornberger, M., Hungbauer, A., Iesalnieks, I., Weindl, I., Crescenti, F., Keller, M., Kolodziejski, N., Scherer, R., Sterzing, D., Bock, B., Boehm, G., El-Magd, M., Krones, C., Niewiera, M., Buhr, J., Cordesmeyer, S., Hoffmann, M., Krückemeier, K., Vogel, T., Schön, M., Baral, J., Lukoschek, T., Münch, S., Pullig, F., Horisberger, K., Kienle, P., Magdeburg, J., Post, S., Batzalexis, K., Germanos, S., Agalianos, C., Dervenis, C., Gouvas, N., Kanavidis, P., Kottikias, A., Katsoulis, I. E., Korkolis, D., Plataniotis, G., Sakorafas, G., Akrida, I., Argentou, M., Kollatos, C., Lampropoulos, C., Tsochatzis, S., Besznyák, I., Bursics, A., Egyed, T., Papp, G., Svastics, I., Atladottir, J., Möller, P., Sigurdsson, H., Stefánsson, T., Valsdottir, E., Andrews, E., Foley, N., Hechtl, D., Majeed, M., Mccourt, M., Hanly, A., Hyland, J., Martin, S., O'Connell, P. 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R., Sánchez De La Villa, G., Compañ, A., García Marín, A., Nofuentes, C., Orts Micó, F., Pérez Auladell, V., Carrasco, M., Duque Perez, C., Gálvez-Pastor, S., Navarro Garcia, I., Sanchez Perez, A., Enjuto, D., Manuel Bujalance, F., Marcelin, N., Pérez, M., Serrano García, R., Cabrera, A., de la Portilla, F., Diaz-Pavon, J., Jimenez-Rodriguez, R., Vazquez-Monchul, J., Daza González, J., Gómez Pérez, R., Rivera Castellano, J., Roldán de la Rua, J., Errasti Alustiza, J., Fernandez, L., Romeo Ramirez, J., Sardon Ramos, J., Cermeño Toral, B., Alias, D., Garcia-Olmo, D., Guadalajara, H., Herreros, M., Pacheco, P., del Castillo Díez, F., Lima Pinto, F., Martínez Alegre, J., Ortega, I., Picardo Nieto Antonio, A., Caro, A., Escuder, J., Feliu, F., Millan, M., Alos Company, R., Frangi Caregnato, A., Lozoya Trujillo, R., Rodríguez Carrillo, R., Ruiz Carmona, M., Alonso, N., Ambrona Zafra, D., Amilka Ayala Candia, B., Bonnin Pascual, J., Pineño Flores, C., Alcazar Montero, J., Angoso Clavijo, M., Garcia, J., Sanchez Tocino, J., Gómez-Alcazar, C., Costa-Navarro, D., Ferri-Romero, J., Rey-Riveiro, M., Romero-Simó, M., Arencibia, B., Esclapez, P., García-Granero, E., Granero, P., Medina Fernández, F. J., Gallardo Herrera, A. B., Diaz López, C., Navarro Rodriguez, E., Torres Tordera, E., Arenal, J., Citores, M., Marcos, J., Sánchez, J., Tinoco, C., Espin, E., Garcia Granero, A., Jimenez Gomez, L., Sanchez Garcia, J., Vallribera, F., Folkesson, J., Sköldberg, F., Bergman, K., Borgström, E., Frey, J., Silfverberg, A., Söderholm, M., Nygren, J., Segelman, J., Gustafsson, D., Lagerqvist, A., Papp, A., Pelczar, M., Abraham-Nordling, M., Ahlberg, M., Sjovall, A., Tengstrom, J., Hagman, K., Chabok, A., Ezra, E., Nikberg, M., Smedh, K., Tiselius, C., Al-Naimi, N., Dao Duc, M., Meyer, J., Mormont, M., Ris, F., Prevost, G., Villiger, P., Hoffmann, H., Kettelhack, C., Kirchhoff, P., Oertli, D., Weixler, B., Aytac, B., Leventoglu, S., Mentes, B., Yuksel, O., Demirbas, S., Busra Ozkan, B., Selçuk Özbalci, G., Sungurtekin, U., Gülcü, B., Ozturk, E., Yilmazlar, T., Challand, C., Fearnhead, N., Hubbard, R., Kumar, S., Arthur, J., Barben, C., Skaife, P., Slawik, S., Williams, M., Zammit, M., Barker, J., French, J., Sarantitis, I., Slawinski, C., Clifford, R., Eardley, N., Johnson, M., Mcfaul, C., Vimalachandran, D., Allan, S., Bell, A., Oates, E., Shanmugam, V., Brigic, A., Halls, M., Pucher, P., Stubbs, B., Agarwal, T., Chopada, A., Mallappa, S., Pathmarajah, M., Sugden, C., Brown, C., Macdonald, E., Mckay, A., Richards, J., Robertson, A., Kaushal, M., Patel, P., Tezas, S., Touqan, N., Ayaani, S., Marimuthu, K., Piramanayagam, B., Vourvachis, M., Iqbal, N., Korsgen, S., Seretis, C., Shariff, U., Arnold, S., Chan, H., Clark, E., Fernandes, R., Moran, B., Bajwa, A., Mcarthur, D., Cao, K., Cunha, P., Pardoe, H., Quddus, A., Theodoropoulou, K., Bolln, C., Denys, G., Gillespie, M., Manimaran, N., Reidy, J., Malik, A. I., Malik, A., Pitt, J., Aryal, K., El-Hadi, A., Lal, R., Pal, A., Velchuru, V., Oliveira Cunha, M., Thomas, M., Bains, S., Boyle, K., Miller, A., Norwood, M., Yeung, J., Goian, L., Gurjar, S., Saghir, W., Sengupta, N., Stewart-Parker, E., Bailey, S., Khalil, T., Lawes, D., Nikolaou, S., Omar, G., Church, R., Muthiah, B., Garrett, W., Marsh, P., Obeid, N., Chandler, S., Coyne, P., Evans, M., Hunt, L., Lim, J., Oliphant, Z., Papworth, E., Weaver, H., Cuiñas Leon, K., Williams, G., Hernon, J., Kapur, S., Moosvi, R., Shaikh, I., Swafe, L., Aslam, M., Evans, J., Ihedioha, U., Kang, P., Merchant, J., Hompes, R., Middleton, R., Broomfield, A., Crutten-Wood, D., Foster, J., Nash, G., Akhtar, M., Boshnaq, M., Eldesouky, S., Mangam, S., Rabie, M., Ahmed, J., Khan, J., Ming Goh, N., Shamali, A., Stefan, S., Thompson, C., Amin, A., Docherty, J., Lim, M., Walker, K., Watson, A., Hossack, M., Mackenzie, N., Paraoan, M., Alam, N., Daniels, I., Narang, S., Pathak, S., Smart, N., Al-Qaddo, A., Codd, R., Rutka, O., Bronder, C., Crighton, I., Davies, E., Raymond, T., Bookless, L., Griffiths, B., Plusa, S., Carlson, G., Harrison, R., Lees, N., Mason, C., Quayle, J., Branagan, G., Broadhurst, J., Chave, H., Sleight, S., Awad, F., Cruickshank, N., Joy, H., Boereboom, C., Daliya, P., Dhillon, A., Watson, N., Watson, R., Artioukh, D., Gokul, K., Javed, M., Kong, R., Sutton, J., Faiz, O., Jenkins, I., Leo, C. A., Samaranayake, S. F., Warusavitarne, J., Arya, S., Bhan, C., Mukhtar, H., Oshowo, A., Wilson, J., Duff, S., Fatayer, T., Mbuvi, J., Sharma, A., Cornish, J., Davies, L., Harries, R., Morris, C., Torkington, J., Knight, J., Lai, C., Shihab, O., Tzivanakis, A., Hussain, A., Luke, D., Padwick, R., Torrance, A., Tsiamis, A., Dawson, P., Balfour, A., Brady, R., Mander, J., Paterson, H., Chandratreya, N., Chu, H., Cutting, J., Vernon, S., Wai Ho, C., Andreani, S., Patel, H., Warner, M., Yan Qi Tan, J., Iqbal, A., Khan, A., Perrin, K., Raza, A., Tan, S., Meyer, Jérémy, Graduate School, TOBB ETÜ, Tıp Fakültesi, Cerrahi Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, and Demirbaş, Sezai

Subjects
Crohn’s disease, Male, Leak, Surgi-cal technique, anastomotic leak, Bowel anastomosis, colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, epidemiology, international, oversewn, stapler, surgery, surgical technique, Colorectal cancer, medicine.medical_treatment, 030230 surgery, Colon/surgery, Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14], 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Treatment Failure, Young adult, Prospective cohort study, Colectomy, Aged, 80 and over, General Surgery/statistics & numerical data, Medical Audit, ddc:617, Anastomosis, Surgical, Gastroenterology, Middle Aged, Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery, Colorectal surgery, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Colectomy/adverse effects, Colorectal Neoplasms, Anastomotic Leak/etiology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Colon, bowel anastomosis, Colorectal Surgery/statistics & numerical data, Anastomosis, NO, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Surgical Stapling, medicine, Humans, Aged, ta3126, business.industry, Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects, Surgical Stapling/adverse effects, Bowel anastomosi, medicine.disease, Surgery, Reconstructive and regenerative medicine Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 10], General Surgery, business, Colorectal Surgery
Abstract

AIM: There is little evidence to support choice of technique and configuration for stapled anastomoses after right hemicolectomy and ileocaecal resection. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stapling technique and anastomotic failure.METHOD: Any unit performing gastrointestinal surgery was invited to contribute data on consecutive adult patients undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocolic resection to this prospective, observational, international, multicentre study. Patients undergoing stapled, side-to-side ileocolic anastomoses were identified and multilevel, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors associated with anastomotic leak.RESULTS: One thousand three hundred and forty-seven patients were included from 200 centres in 32 countries. The overall anastomotic leak rate was 8.3%. Upon multivariate analysis there was no difference in leak rate with use of a cutting stapler for apical closure compared with a noncutting stapler (8.4% vs 8.0%, OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.54-1.53, P = 0.72). Oversewing of the apical staple line, whether in the cutting group (7.9% vs 9.7%, OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.52-1.46, P = 0.60) or noncutting group (8.9% vs 5.7%, OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.46-4.23, P = 0.55) also conferred no benefit in terms of reducing leak rates. Surgeons reporting to be general surgeons had a significantly higher leak rate than those reporting to be colorectal surgeons (12.1% vs 7.3%, OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.04-2.64, P = 0.04).CONCLUSION: This study did not identify any difference in anastomotic leak rates according to the type of stapling device used to close the apical aspect. In addition, oversewing of the anastomotic staple lines appears to confer no benefit in terms of reducing leak rates. Although general surgeons operated on patients with more high-risk characteristics than colorectal surgeons, a higher leak rate for general surgeons which remained after risk adjustment needs further exploration.

Published
2018
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5. Cross-Reaction or Co-Infection? Serological Discrimination of Antibodies Directed against Dugbe and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus in Nigerian Cattle

Author

Hartlaub J, Daodu OB, Sadeghi B, Keller M, Olopade J, Oluwayelu D, Groschup MH

Abstract

Dugbe orthonairovirus (DUGV) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) are tick-borne arboviruses within the orderBunyavirales. Both viruses are endemic in several African countries and can induce mild (DUGV, BSL 3) or fatal (CCHFV, BSL 4) disease in humans. Ruminants play a major role in their natural transmission cycle. Therefore, they are considered as suitable indicator animals for serological monitoring studies to assess the risk for human infections. Although both viruses do not actually belong to the same serogroup, cross-reactivities have already been reported earlier—hence, the correct serological discrimination of DUGV and CCHFV antibodies is crucial. In this study, 300 Nigerian cattle sera (150 CCHFV seropositive and seronegative samples, respectively) were screened for DUGV antibodies via N protein-based ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence (iIFA) and neutralization assays. Whereas no correlation between the CCHFV antibody status and DUGV seroprevalence data could be demonstrated with a newly established DUGV ELISA, significant cross-reactivities were observed in an immunofluorescence assay. Moreover, DUGV seropositive samples did also cross-react in a species-adapted commercial CCHFV iIFA. Therefore, ELISAs seem to be able to reliably differentiate between DUGV and CCHFV antibodies and should preferentially be used for monitoring studies. Positive iIFA results should always be confirmed by ELISAs.

Published
2021

6. Deciphering Antibody Responses to Orthonairoviruses in Ruminants

Author

Hartlaub J, Keller M, Groschup MH

Abstract

Antibody cross-reactivities between related viruses are common diagnostic challenges, resulting in reduced diagnostic specificities and sensitivities. In this study, antibody cross-reactions between neglected members of the genusOrthonairovirus—Hazara (HAZV), Dugbe (DUGV), and Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus (NSDV)—were investigated. Mono-specific ovine and bovine sera following experimental infections as well immunization trials with HAZV, DUGV, and NSDV were tested in homologous and heterologous virus-specific assays, namely indirect ELISAs based on recombinant N protein, indirect immunofluorescence assays (iIFA), and two neutralization test formats (plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and micro-virus neutralization test (mVNT)). The highest specificities were achieved with the ELISAs, followed by the mVNT, iIFA, and PRNT. Cross-reactivities were mainly observed within the Nairobi sheep disease serogroup–but surprisingly, HAZV antibodies in PRNT did also neutralize NSDV and DUGV. In conclusion, we recommend ELISAs and mVNTs for a discriminative diagnostic approach to differentiate between these antibodies. NSDV antisera were also used in serological assays for the detection of antibodies against the human pathogen Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV). Interestingly, all CCHFV ELISAs (In-house and commercial) achieved high diagnostic specificities, whereas significant cross-reactivities were observed in a CCHFV iIFA. Previously, similar results were obtained when analyzing the HAZV and DUGV antisera.

Published
2021

7. Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Nairobi Sheep Disease Orthonairovirus Infections in Sheep and Cattle

Author

Hartlaub J, Gutjahr B, Fast C, Mirazimi A, Keller M, Groschup MH

Abstract

Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus (NSDV) is a zoonotic tick-borne arbovirus, which causes severe gastroenteritis in small ruminants. To date, the virus is prevalent in East Africa and Asia. However, due to climate change, including the spread of transmitting tick vectors and increased animal movements, it is likely that the distribution range of NSDV is enlarging. In this project, sheep and cattle (hitherto classified as resistant to NSDV) were experimentally infected with NSDV for a comparative study of the species-specific pathogenesis. For this purpose, several new diagnostic assays (RT-qPCR, ELISA, iIFA, mVNT, PRNT) were developed, which will also be useful for future epidemiological investigations. All challenged sheep (three different doses groups) developed characteristic clinical signs, transient viremia and virus shedding—almost independent on the applied virus dose. Half of the sheep had to be euthanized due to severe clinical signs, including hemorrhagic diarrhea. In contrast, the course of infection in cattle was only subclinical. However, all ruminants showed seroconversion—implying that, indeed, both species are susceptible for NSDV. Hence, not only sheep but also cattle sera can be included in serological monitoring programs for the surveillance of NSDV occurrence and spread in the future.

Published
2021

8. Site Selective Chlorination of C(sp3 )-H Bonds Suitable for Late-Stage Functionalization

Author

Fawcett, Alexander, Keller, M Josephine, Herrera, Zachary, and Hartwig, John F

Subjects
radical reactions, Biological Products, Molecular Structure, Halogenation, chlorination, C&#8722, Organic Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, C−H functionalization, Chlorides, halogenation, Chemical Sciences, H functionalization, late-stage functionalization, Iodine
Abstract

C(sp3 )-Cl bonds are present in numerous biologically active small molecules, and an ideal route for their preparation is by the chlorination of a C(sp3 )-H bond. However, most current methods for the chlorination of C(sp3 )-H bonds are insufficiently site selective and tolerant of functional groups to be applicable to the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules. We report a method for the highly selective chlorination of tertiary and benzylic C(sp3 )-H bonds to produce the corresponding chlorides, generally in high yields. The reaction occurs with a mixture of an azidoiodinane, which generates a selective H-atom abstractor under mild conditions, and a readily-accessible and inexpensive copper(II) chloride complex, which efficiently transfers a chlorine atom. The reaction's exceptional functional group tolerance is demonstrated by the chlorination of >30 diversely functionalized substrates and the late-stage chlorination of a dozen derivatives of natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Published
2021

9. Expression III (I): A Cross Cultural Analysis of Ovarian Cancer Patient’s Preferences and Expectations on Physician-Patient Communication and Clinical Management in India and Germany

Author

Kar S, Keller M, Richter R, Oskay Ozcelik G, S Alavi, and Sehouli J

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Expression (architecture), business.industry, Physician patient communication, Family medicine, Medicine, Cross-cultural, General Medicine, business, Ovarian cancer, medicine.disease
Abstract

Background: The information level and expectations of the patients suffering from cancers should be taken as a basis for the treatment decisionmaking process. Nevertheless, there are lacking data in both developing and western countries. The objective of this survey was to identify similarities and differences between patients with ovarian cancer from India and Germany in regard to the information needs and expectations concerning physician-patientcommunication and treatment. Patients and Methods: This study was based on the European survey “Expression III”. The German subgroup was compared to an Indian cohort. The study was conducted in the state of Odisha, India using an English translation of the same questionnaire with 43 items. Results: Overall, 86 Indian patients (median age 52y, range 19-76 y) and 427 German patients (median age 62y, range 26-84y) participated in this survey. The most valuable suggestions made by German patients to improve the treatment of ovarian cancer was ‘the therapy shouldn’t lead to hair loss (49%)’, whereas the Indian patients whished for a treatment of shorter duration (47%). The majority of German (90%) and the Indian (79%) patients consider their treating physician to be most effective and patient-friendly information source. Fear of the future was the most difficult aspect of their illness to handle by both study populations (43% India / 55% Germany). Compared to 46% of German patients, not a single patient in India was involved in a study or clinical trial. Conclusions: The study underlines the key role of the physician as the most relevant source of information for patients in both countries. In spite of a significant difference in the socio-economic status, the expectations from their physicians found to be similar in many aspects.

Published
2021
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10. Experimental Challenge of Sheep and Cattle with Dugbe Orthonairovirus, a Neglected African Arbovirus Distantly Related to CCHFV

Author

Hartlaub J, von Arnim F, Fast C, Mirazimi A, Keller M, Groschup MH

Abstract

Dugbe orthonairovirus (DUGV) is a tick-borne arbovirus within the orderBunyavirales. DUGV was first isolated in Nigeria, but virus isolations in ten further African countries indicate that DUGV is widespread throughout Africa. Humans can suffer from a mild febrile illness, hence, DUGV is classified as a biosafety level (BSL) 3 agent. In contrast, no disease has been described in animals, albeit serological evidence exists that ruminants are common hosts and may play an important role in the transmission cycle of this neglected arbovirus. In this study, young sheep and calves were experimentally inoculated with DUGV in order to determine their susceptibility and to study the course of infection. Moreover, potential antibody cross-reactivities in currently available diagnostic assays for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) were assessed as DUGV is distantly related to CCHFV. Following subcutaneous inoculation, none of the animals developed clinical signs or viremia. However, all ruminants seroconverted, as demonstrated by two DUGV neutralization test formats (micro-virus neutralization test (mVNT), plaque reduction (PRNT)), by indirect immunofluorescence assays and in bovines by a newly developed DUGV recombinant N protein ELISA. Sera did not react in commercial CCHFV ELISAs, whereas cross-reactivities were observed by immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays.

Published
2021

12. Additional file 1 of Influence of migrant background on patient preference and expectations in breast and gynecological malignancies (NOGGO-expression V study): results of a prospective multicentre study in 606 patients in Germany

Author

Dimitrova, D., Naghavi, B., Richter, R., Nasser, S., Chekerov, R., Braicu, E. I., David, M., Blohmer, J., Inci, G., Torsten, U., Oskay-Özcelik, G., Blau, I., Fersis, N., Holzgreve, A., Keil, E., Keller, M., Keilholz, U., and Sehouli, J.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Distribution of study participants according to the way of recruitment. Supplemental Table 2. Factors predicting the possibility for not being offered or not participating in a clinical trial.

Published
2021
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15. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author

Salazar-García, Domingo C., Papac L., Barquera R., Key F.M., Spyrou M.A., Hübler R., Rohrlach A.B., Aron F., Stahl R., Wissgott A., van Bömmel F., Pfefferkorn M., Mittnik A., Villalba-Mouco V., Neumann G.U., Rivollat M., van de Loosdrecht M.S., Majander K., Tukhbatova R.I., Musralina L., Ghalichi A., Penske S., Sabin S., Michel M., Gretzinger J., Nelson E.A., Ferraz T., NÄgele K., Parker C., Keller M., Guevara E.K., Feldman M., Eisenmann S., Skourtanioti E., Giffin K., Gnecchi-Ruscone G.A., Friederich S., Schimmenti V., Khartanovich V., and Karapetian M.K.

Subjects
virus diseases, Arqueologia
Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.

Published
2021

18. Sheep and Cattle Are Not Susceptible to Experimental Inoculation with Hazara Orthonairovirus, a Tick-Borne Arbovirus Closely Related to CCHFV

Author

Hartlaub J, von Arnim F, Fast C, Somova M, Mirazimi A, Groschup MH, Keller M

Abstract

Hazara orthonairovirus (HAZV) is a tick-borne arbovirus closely related to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV). Whereas CCHFV is a biosafety level (BSL) 4 agent, HAZV is classified as BSL 2, as it is not known to cause any disease in humans. Belonging to the same serogroup as CCHFV, HAZV might act as a model which can provide a better understanding of this important zoonosis. Furthermore, the serological relatedness may cause diagnostic problems if antibodies against HAZV interfere with current CCHFV serological assays. Therefore, sheep and cattle-important natural hosts for CCHFV-were experimentally infected with HAZV to prove their susceptibility and evaluate potential antibody cross-reactivities. According to this study, neither sheep nor cattle are susceptible to experimental HAZV infections. Consequently, the HAZV infection in ruminants is clearly distinct from CCHFV infections. Sera of immunized animals weakly cross-reacted between HAZV and CCHFV in immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays, but not in commercial CCHFV ELISAs commonly used for field studies.

Published
2020

26. Silice Cristallina

Author

Cattaneo, A., Rovelli, S., Campagnolo, D., and Keller, M.

Published
2020

27. Online Leisure Activities for Sustained Mental Health Well-being in Older Adults with COVID-19 Mitigation

Author

Rivera-Torres, Solymar, Mpofu, Elias, Keller, M Jean, and Ingman, Stan

Subjects
Abstracts, Health (social science), COVID-19 and Mental Health Among Older Adults, AcademicSubjects/SOC02600, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Session 9155 (Poster), Health Professions (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Older adults (OA) experience psychosocial distress from the COVID-19 pandemic mitigations. While their participation in leisure and recreation activities (LRA) would be ameliorating, we do not know how LRA OA engages for their mental health (MH) well-being with COVID-19 mitigation. This scoping review aimed to trend the evidence on the types of LRA OA engage for their MH well-being across the young-old continuum (60-69 years) through to older-old (80 years and above) in the COVID-19 pandemic. We searched the following electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, JBI-ES, and Epistemonicos for LRA studies by OA with COVID-19 mitigation. To be included, we considered empirical articles published in English on LRA of OA 55+ years-old. Another criterion required articles describing those activities' qualities and the impact of LRA on MH and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. We resulted in seven empirical studies, two of which implemented in the USA and one from the USA and Canada, Spain, Israel, and Japan. Findings following narrative synthesis revealed trending evidence on OA to engage in online LRA for social, cognitive /intellectual, and emotional health. Leisure-time physical activity reduced negative MH symptoms as anxiety and depression in OA under COVID-19 threat. In conclusion, the present review's trending evidence suggests that OA engagement in social, physical, mental, and cognitive LRA enhanced their MH and overall well-being. Activities delivered by way of the Internet and television provided a cluster of beneficial opportunities for the OA mental health needs under the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2021
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30. Quantifying long-term changes in carbon stocks and forest structure from Amazon forest degradation

Author

Rappaport, DI, Morton, DC, Longo, M, Keller, M, Dubayah, R, and Dos-Santos, MN

Subjects
Climate Action, Life on Land, airborne lidar, REDD, habitat, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, understory fires, carbon cycling, aboveground biomass, forest structure
Abstract

Despite sustained declines in Amazon deforestation, forest degradation from logging and fire continues to threaten carbon stocks, habitat, and biodiversity in frontier forests along the Amazon arc of deforestation. Limited data on the magnitude of carbon losses and rates of carbon recovery following forest degradation have hindered carbon accounting efforts and contributed to incomplete national reporting to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). We combined annual time series of Landsat imagery and high-density airborne lidar data to characterize the variability, magnitude, and persistence of Amazon forest degradation impacts on aboveground carbon density (ACD) and canopy structure. On average, degraded forests contained 45.1% of the carbon stocks in intact forests, and differences persisted even after 15 years of regrowth. In comparison to logging, understory fires resulted in the largest and longest-lasting differences in ACD. Heterogeneity in burned forest structure varied by fire severity and frequency. Forests with a history of one, two, and three or more fires retained only 54.4%, 25.2%, and 7.6% of intact ACD, respectively, when measured after a year of regrowth. Unlike the additive impact of successive fires, selective logging before burning did not explain additional variability in modeled ACD loss and recovery of burned forests. Airborne lidar also provides quantitative measures of habitat structure that can aid the estimation of co-benefits of avoided degradation. Notably, forest carbon stocks recovered faster than attributes of canopy structure that are critical for biodiversity in tropical forests, including the abundance of tall trees. We provide the first comprehensive look-up table of emissions factors for specific degradation pathways at standard reporting intervals in the Amazon. Estimated carbon loss and recovery trajectories provide an important foundation for assessing the long-term contributions from forest degradation to regional carbon cycling and advance our understanding of the current state of frontier forests.

Published
2018

31. Functional interplay of SP family members and nuclear factor Y is essential for transcriptional activation of the human Calreticulin gene

Author

Schardt JA Keller M Seipel K Pabst T.

Abstract

Calreticulin (CALR) is a highly conserved multifunctional protein involved in a variety of cellular processes including the maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis proper protein folding differentiation and immunogenic cell death. More recently a crucial role for CALR in the pathogenesis of certain hematologic malignancies was discovered: in clinical subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia CALR overexpression mediates a block in differentiation while somatic mutations have been found in the majority of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated Janus kinase 2 gene (JAK2) or thrombopoietin receptor gene (MPL). However the mechanisms underlying CALR promoter activation have insufficiently been investigated so far. By dissecting the core promoter region we could identify a functional TATA box relevant for transcriptional activation. In addition we characterized two evolutionary highly conserved cis regulatory modules (CRMs) within the proximal promoter each composed of one binding site for the transcription factors SP1 and SP3 as well as for the nuclear transcription factor Y (NFY) and we verified binding of these factors to their cognate sites in vitro and in vivo.

Published
2015

33. Aboveground biomass variability across intact and degraded forests in the Brazilian Amazon

Author

Longo, M, Keller, M, dos-Santos, MN, Leitold, V, Pinagé, ER, Baccini, A, Saatchi, S, Nogueira, EM, Batistella, M, and Morton, DC

Subjects
land use change, Geochemistry, biomass, Life on Land, airborne lidar, forest degradation, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Oceanography, Amazon, fire, Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Deforestation rates have declined in the Brazilian Amazon since 2005, yet degradation from logging, fire, and fragmentation has continued in frontier forests. In this study we quantified the aboveground carbon density (ACD) in intact and degraded forests using the largest data set of integrated forest inventory plots (n = 359) and airborne lidar data (18,000ha) assembled to date for the Brazilian Amazon. We developed statistical models relating inventory ACD estimates to lidar metrics that explained 70% of the variance across forest types. Airborne lidar-ACD estimates for intact forests ranged between 5.0 ± 2.5 and 31.9 ± 10.8kgCm−2. Degradation carbon losses were large and persistent. Sites that burned multiple times within a decade lost up to 15.0 ± 0.7kgCm−2 (94%) of ACD. Forests that burned nearly 15years ago had between 4.1 ± 0.5 and 6.8 ± 0.3kgCm−2 (22–40%) less ACD than intact forests. Even for low-impact logging disturbances, ACD was between 0.7 ± 0.3 and 4.4 ± 0.4kgCm−2 (4–21%) lower than unlogged forests. Comparing biomass estimates from airborne lidar to existing biomass maps, we found that regional and pantropical products consistently overestimated ACD in degraded forests, underestimated ACD in intact forests, and showed little sensitivity to fires and logging. Fine-scale heterogeneity in ACD across intact and degraded forests highlights the benefits of airborne lidar for carbon mapping. Differences between airborne lidar and regional biomass maps underscore the need to improve and update biomass estimates for dynamic land use frontiers, to better characterize deforestation and degradation carbon emissions for regional carbon budgets and Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+).

Published
2016

34. Foxn1 regulates in postnatal thymic epithelial cells key target genes essential for T cell development

Author

Žuklys, S, Handel, A, Zhanybekova, S, Govani, F, Keller, M, Maio, S, Mayer, C, Teh, H, Hafen, K, Gallone, G, Barthlott, T, Ponting, C, and Hollander, G

Subjects
integumentary system
Abstract

Thymic epithelial cell differentiation, growth and function depend on the expression of the transcription factor Foxn1, however its target genes have never been physically identified. Using novel static and inducible genetic model systems and chromatin studies, we provide now a genome wide map of direct Foxn1 target genes for postnatal thymic epithelia and define the Foxn1 binding motif. We detail the function of Foxn1 in these cells and demonstrate that in addition to the transcriptional control of genes involved in the attraction and lineage commitment of T cell precursors, Foxn1 regulates the expression of genes involved in antigen processing and thymocyte selection. Thus, critical events in thymic lympho-stromal cross-talk and T cell selection are indispensably choreographed by Foxn1.

Published
2016

36. Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: a meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies

Author

Bulterys, M. B., Fowler, M. G., Hanson, I. C., Lemay, M., Mayaux, M. J., Mofenson, L., Newell, M. -L., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J. S., Rother, C., Simpson, B. J., Van Dyke, R. B., Harris, D. R., Peavy, H. H., Easley, K., Khammy, A., Nugent, R. P., Mitchell, R., Owen, W., Van Dyke, R., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Krogstad, P., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Korber, B., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Lapointe, N., Boucher, M., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Newell, M. L., Peckham, C. S., Thorne, C. N., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., De Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch-Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., de Alba, C., Garcia Rodriguez, M. C., Bates, I., de Josee, I., Hawkins, F., Martinez Zapico, R., Pena, J. M., Gonzalez Garcia, J., Arribas Lopez, J. R., Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M. C., Peerez-Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M. J., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A. B., Lindgren, S., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Lidin-Jansson, G., Levy, J., Barlow, P., Hainaut, M., Peltier, A., Ferrazin, A., De Maria, A., Gotta, C., Mur, A., Vinolas, M., Paya, A., Loepez-Vilchez, M. A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Casellas Caro, M., Canet, Y., Pardi, G., Ravizza, M., Semprini, E., Castagna, C., Fiore, S., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Zanelli, S., Duse, M., Soresina, A., Scaravelli, G., Stegagno, M., De Santis, M., Muggiasca, M. L., Vigano, A., Spinillo, A., Ravagni Probizer, F., Bucceri, A., Rancilio, L., Taylor, G. P., Lyall, H., Penn, Z., Blott, M., Valerius, N. 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Isenschmid, M., Poorbeik, M., Schupbach, J., Perrin, L., Erb, P., Joller, H., Kovacs, A., Stek, A., Chan, L., Khoury, M., Diaz, C., Pacheco-Acosta, E., Tuomala, R., Cooper, E., Mesthene, D., Pitt, J., Higgins, A., Moroso, G., Rich, K., Turpin, D., Cooper, N., Davenny, K., Thompson, B., Andiman, W., Simpson, J., THE INTERNATIONAL PERINATAL HIV, Group, Martinelli, Pasquale, Bulterys M.B., Fowler M.G., Hanson I.C., Lemay M., Mayaux M.J., Mofenson L., Newell M.-L., Peavy H., Peckham C., Read J.S., Rother C., Simpson B.J., Van Dyke R.B., Harris D.R., Peavy H.H., Easley K., Khammy A., Nugent R.P., Mitchell R., Owen W., Van Dyke R., Widmayer S., Bardeguez A., Hanson C., Wiznia A., Luzuriaga K., Viscarello R., Ho D., Koup R., Chen I., Krogstad P., Mullins J., Wolinsky S., Korber B., Walker B., Ammann A., Clapp S., McDonald D., Lapointe N., Boucher M., Fauvel M., Hankins C., Samson J., Newell M.L., Peckham C.S., Thorne C.N., Giaquinto C., Ruga E., De Rossi A., Truscia D., Grosch-Worner I., Schafer A., Mok J., Johnstone F., Jiminez J., de Alba C., Garcia Rodriguez M.C., Bates I., de Josee I., Hawkins F., Martinez Zapico R., Pena J.M., Gonzalez Garcia J., Arribas Lopez J.R., Asensi-Botet F., Otero M.C., Peerez-Tamarit D., Moya A., Galbis M.J., Scherpbier H., Boer K., Bohlin A.B., Lindgren S., Anzen B., Belfrage E., Lidin-Jansson G., Levy J., Barlow P., Hainaut M., Peltier A., Ferrazin A., De Maria A., Gotta C., Mur A., Vinolas M., Paya A., Loepez-Vilchez M.A., Coll O., Fortuny C., Boguna J., Casellas Caro M., Canet Y., Pardi G., Ravizza M., Semprini E., Castagna C., Fiore S., Guerra B., Lanari M., Bianchi S., Bovicelli L., Prati E., Zanelli S., Duse M., Soresina A., Scaravelli G., Stegagno M., De Santis M., Muggiasca M.L., Vigano A., Spinillo A., Ravagni Probizer F., Bucceri A., Rancilio L., Taylor G.P., Lyall H., Penn Z., Blott M., Valerius N.H., Martinelli P., Buffolano W., Tibaldi C., Ziarati N., Semprini A., Della Torre M., Parazzini F., Dallacasa P., Bianchi U., Pachi 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Jacquemot M., Bader-Meunier B., Fridman S., Codaccioni X., Maxingue F., Thomas D., Alain J., De Lumley L., Tabaste J., Bailly Salin P., Seaume H., Guichard A., Kebaill K., Roussouly C., Botto C., De Lanete A., Wipff P., Cravello L., De Boisse P., Leclaire M., Michel G., Crumiere C., Lefevre V., Le Lorier B., Pauly I., Robichez B., Seguy D., Delhinger M., Rideau F., Talon P., Benos P., Huret C., Nicolas J., Heller-Roussin B., Saint-Leger S., Delaporte M., Hubert C., De Sarcus B., Karoubi P., Mechinaud F., Bertcrottiere D., Bongain A., Monpoux F., De Gennes C., Devianne F., Nisand I., Rousset M., Mouchnino G., Muray J., Munzer M., Quereux C., Brossard V., Clavier B., Allemon M., Rotten D., Stephan J., Varlet M., Guyot B., Narcy P., Bardinet F., De Caunes F., Jeny R., Robin M., Raison Boulley A., Savey L., Berrebi A., Tricoire J., Borderon J., Fignon A., Guillot F., Maria B., Broyard A., Chitrit Y., Firtion G., Mandelbrot L., Lafay Pillet M., Parat S., Boissinot C., Garec N., Levine M., Ottenwalter A., Schaller F., Vilmer E., Courpotin C., Brunner C., Ciraru-Vigneron N., Hatem-Gantzer G., Fritel X., Wallet A., Bouille J., Milliez J., Bensaid Mrejen D., Dermer E., Noseda G., Bardou D., Cressaty J., Francoual C., Carlus Moncomble C., Cohen H., Blanche S., Bastion H., Benifla J., Benkhatar F., Berkane N., Hervee F., Ronzier M., Mayaux MJ., de Martino M., Tovo P.-A., Galli L., Gabiano C., Ferraris G., Garetto S., Palomba E., Riva C., Vierucci A., de Luca M., Farina S., Fundaro C., Genovese O., Mereu G., Forni G.L., Casadei A., Zuccotti G.V., Riva E., Cellini M., Baraldi C., Consolini R., Palla G., Ruggeri M., Ciccimarra F., Guarino A., Osimani P., Benaglia G., Romano A., De Mattia D., Caselli D., Boni S., Dell'Erba G., Bassanetti F., Sticca M., Timpano C., Magnani C., Salvatore C., Lipreri R., Tornaghi R., Pinzani R., Cecchi M.T., Bezzi T., Battisti L., Bresciani E., Castelli Gattinara G., Nasi C., Pellegatta A., Mazza A., Baldi F., Altobelli R., Deiana M., Colnaghi C., Tarallo L., Tondo U., Anastasio E., Chiriaco P.G., Ruggeri C., Scott G., Hutto C., O'Sullivan M., Malmsberry A., Willoughby A., Burns D., Goedert J., Landesman S., Minkoff H., Mendez H., Holman S., Rubinstein A., Durako S., Muenz L., Goodwin S., Bryson Y., Dillon M., Nielsen K., Boyer P., Liao D., Keller M., Deveikis A., Nesheim S., Lindsay M., Lee F., Nahmias A., Sawyer M., Vink P., Farley J., Alger L., Abrams E., Bamji M., Lambert G., Schoenbaum E., Thomas P., Weedon J., Palumbo P., Denny T., Oleske J., Bulterys M., Simonds R., Ethier-Ives J., Rogers M., Schluchter M., Kutner M., Kaplan S., Kattan M., Lipshultz S., Mellins R., Shearer W., Sopko G., Sloand E., Wu M., Kind C., Nadal D., Rudin C., Siegrist C.-A., Wyler C.-A., Cheseaux J.-J., Aebi C., Gnehm H., Schubiger G., Klingler J., Hunziker U., Kuchler H., Gianinazzi M., Buhlmann U., Biedermann K., Lauper U., Irion O., Brunelli A., Spoletini G., Schreyer A., Hosli I., Saurenmann E., Drack G., Isenschmid M., Poorbeik M., Schupbach J., Perrin L., Erb P., Joller H., Kovacs A., Stek A., Chan L., Khoury M., Diaz C., Pacheco-Acosta E., Tuomala R., Cooper E., Mesthene D., Pitt J., Higgins A., Moroso G., Rich K., Turpin D., Cooper N., Davenny K., Thompson B., Andiman W., and Simpson J.

Subjects
Time Factors, Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Transmission, Prevention of perinatal transmission, Extraembryonic Membranes, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, INFECTION, Vertical, Immunology and Allergy, HIV Infection, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, prevention of perinatal transmission, vertical transmission, obstetrics/gynaecology, epidemiology, Obstetrics, Transmission (medicine), Infectious, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS, RISK-FACTORS, TYPE-1, PREGNANCY, INFECTION, TRIAL, PREVENTION, Breast Feeding, Infectious Diseases, Meta-analysis, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, Vertical transmission, Regression Analysis, TRIAL, Female, Delivery, Obstetrics gynaecology, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, Ruptured membranes, Immunology, Regression Analysi, NO, ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS, Extraembryonic Membrane, medicine, Humans, TYPE-1, business.industry, Risk Factor, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Obstetric, Delivery, Obstetric, Newborn, PREVENTION, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Obstetrics/gynaecology, RISK-FACTORS, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

Objective: To test the a priori hypothesis that longer duration of ruptured membranes is associated with increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV. Design: The relationship between duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV was evaluated in an individual patient data meta-analysis. Methods: Eligible studies were prospective cohort studies including at least 100 mother-child pairs, from regions where HIV-infected women are counselled not to breastfeed. Analyses were restricted to vaginal deliveries and non-elective Cesarean sections; elective Cesarean section deliveries (those performed before onset of labour and before rupture of membranes) were excluded. Results: The primary analysis included 4721 deliveries with duration of ruptured membranes ≤ 24 h. After adjusting for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission using logistic regression analysis to assess the strength of the relationship, the risk of vertical HIV transmission increased approximately 2% with an increase of 1 h in the duration of ruptured membranes [adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.04; for each 1 h increment]. There were no significant interactions of duration of ruptured membranes with study cohort or with any of the covariates, except maternal AIDS. Among women diagnosed with AIDS, the estimated probability of transmission increased from 8% to 31% with duration of ruptured membranes of 2 h and 24 h respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results support the importance of duration of ruptured membranes as a risk factor for vertical transmission of HIV and suggest that a diagnosis of AIDS in the mother at the time of delivery may potentiate the effect of duration of ruptured membranes. © 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Published
2001
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37. Ein ungewöhnlicher Fall intrauterin symptomatischen Leberversagens

Author

Keller M, Theurl I, Unsinn Km, R. Trawöger, Consolato Sergi, Scholl-Buergi S, and Weiss G

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Iron Overload, Time Factors, Biopsy, Medizin, Gestational Age, Iron Chelating Agents, Gastroenterology, Antioxidants, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Hypertension, Portal, Ascites, medicine, Neonatal hemochromatosis, Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cesarean Section, business.industry, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Gestational age, Liver Failure, Acute, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fetal Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Liver, Liver biopsy, Ferritins, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Gestation, Portal hypertension, Female, Hemochromatosis, Liver function, medicine.symptom, Liver function tests, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

UNLABELLED We present an unusual case of neonatal liver failure. Isolated ascites was diagnosed in a female fetus at week 34 gestational age upon routine ultrasound. In the 35th week of gestation a cesarean section was carried out after puncture of fetal ascites. After birth the patient showed symptoms and complications of acute liver failure with portal hypertension. High serum ferritin concentrations, MRI findings compatible with tissue iron overload and no evidence for infectious disease or inborn errors of metabolism suggested possible neonatal hemochromatosis (NH). HFE gene mutation analysis studies of the child and parents were negative. An anti-oxidative and iron chelating therapy was introduced, followed by clinical stabilisation of the newborn and normalisation of liver function. The liver biopsy at 4 month of age showed mild fibrosis with a few iron-loaded hepatocytes and macrophages. At 2 years of age the child was virtually healthy. CONCLUSION The clinical course of our patient indicates that the pathological changes in the liver being associated with presumptive NH may be reversible when NH is diagnosed early and antioxidative and chelating therapy is immediately initiated.

Published
2008
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38. Third Ventriculostomy in Communicating Hydrocephalus in Adult Patients - The Role of Lumbar and Cranial Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow Measurement

Author

Dietrich J, Keller M, Christos Trantakis, Meixensberger J, and Helm J

Subjects
Male, Ventriculostomy, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Ventricular system, Patient Care Planning, Central nervous system disease, Lumbar, Cerebrospinal fluid, medicine, Humans, Aged, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Third Ventricle, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Resorption, Shunting, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Neuroendoscopy, Female, Neurology (clinical), Subarachnoid space, business, Hydrocephalus
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the value of CSF outflow resistance testing as a criterion for endscopic treatment in case of communicating hydrocephalus. Methods: 12 patients with communicating hydrocephalus were integrated in a prospective study from 1999 - 2001. Under the assumption of different hydromechanical properties of both spinal and cerebral CSF compartment the resorption capacity was measured. V.-p. shunting, ventriculostomy or conservative treatment were performed dependent on the results and clinical outcome was evaluated. Results: Six patients with pathological lumbar testing underwent primary ventriculo-peritoneal shunting. In 6 of the 12 cases the lumbar CSF resorption capacity was found to be normal and cerebral testing was accomplished. Two patients with normal spinal and cerebral resorption capacity were not operated. In the remaining 4 patients cerebral testing was found to be pathological and ventriculostomy was performed. An improvement of clinical symptoms was observed in patients operated with a v.-p. shunt and in the VCS group as well. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that there is a subgroup of patients with morphological communicating hydrocephalus that is characterized by a functional dissociation of hydromechanical properties of intracranial and spinal CSF compartment. In cases of regular CSF resorption but restricted CSF outflow from the ventricular system to the subarachnoid space ventriculo-peritoneal shunting may be an efficient therapy, but VCS was proved to be an efficient alternative.

Published
2004
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39. The Mode of Delivery and the Risk of Vertical Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 — A Meta-Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies

Author

Andiman, W., Boucher, M., Burns, D., Bryson, Y., Farley, J., Fowler, H., Gabiano, C., Galli, L., Hutto, C., Kind, C., Korber, B., Kovacs, A., Krogstad, P., Landesman, S., Lapointe, N., Lemay, M., Lew, J., Mandelbrot, L., Mayaux, Mj, Mellins, R., Minkoff, H., Mofenson, L., Nielsen, K., Newell, Ml, Pardi, G., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J., Rother, C., Rudin, C., Scott, G., Semprini, A., Shearer, W., Simonds, R., Simpson, B., Stek, A., Tovo, Pa, Tuomala, R., Dyke, R., Weedon, J., Martino, M., Lindsay, M., Belair, S., Chan, L., Harris, D., Kalish, L., Muenz, L., Nugent, R., Schluchter, M., Durako, S., Goodwin, S., Mitchell, R., Nourjah, P., Owen, W., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Bailey, A., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch-Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., Alba, C., Garcia-Rodriguez, M., Bates, I., Jose, I., Hawkins, F., Zapico, Rm, Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M., Perez-Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A., Lindgren, S., Ehrnst, A., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Levy, J., Alimenti, A., Barlow, P., Ferrazin, A., Maria, A., Gotta, C., Maritati, V., Mur, A., Rovira, M., Paya, A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Caro, Mc, Canet, Y., Ravizza, M., Castagna, C., Fiore, S., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Duse, M., Soresina, A., Scaravelli, G., Santis, M., Muggiasca, M., Vigano, A., Marchisio, P., Iasci, A., Spinillo, A., Bucceri, A., Grossi, E., Rancilio, L., Della Torre, M., Dallacasa, P., Pachi, A., Principi, N., Zara, C., Vignali, M., Rossi, G., Selvaggi, L., Greco, P., Vimercati, A., Massi, G., Innocenti, T., Fiscella, A., Sansone, M., Benedetto, C., Tibaldi, C., Ziarati, N., Tadrist, B., Thevenicau, D., Gondry, J., Paulard, B., Alisy, C., Brault, D., Tordjeman, P., Mamou, J., Rozan, M., Colombani, D., Pincemaille, O., Salvetti, A., Chabanier, C., Hernandorena, X., Leroy, J., Schaal, J., Balde, P., Faucher, P., Lachassinne, E., Benoit, S., Douard, D., Hocke, C., Barjot, P., Brouard, J., Delattre, P., Stien, L., Audibert, F., Labrune, P., Vial, M., Mazy, F., Sitbon, D., Crenn-Hebert, C., Floch-Tudal, C., Akakpo, R., Daveau, C., Leblanc, A., Cesbron, P., Duval-Arnould, H., Huraux-Rendu, C., Lemerle, S., Touboul, C., Guerin, M., Maingueneau, C., Reynaud, I., Rousseau, T., Ercoil, V., Lanza, M., Denavit, M., Garnier, J., Lahsinat, K., Pia, R., Allouche, C., Nardou, M., Grall, F., May, A., Dallot, M., Lhuillier, P., Cecile, W., Mezin, R., Bech, A., Lobut, J., Algava, G., Dermesay, Ac, Busuttil, R., Jacquemot, M., Bader-Meunier, B., Fridman, S., Codaccioni, X., Maxingue, F., Thomas, D., Alain, J., Lumley, L., Tabaste, J., Salin, Pb, Seaume, H., Guichard, A., Kebaili, K., Roussouly, C., Botto, C., Lanete, A., Wipff, P., Cravello, L., Boisse, P., Leclaire, M., Michel, G., Crumiere, C., Lefevre, V., Le Lorier, B., Pauly, I., Robichez, B., Seguy, D., Dehlinger, M., Rideau, F., Talon, P., Benos, P., Huret, C., Nicolas, J., Heller-Roussin, B., Saint-Leger, S., Delaporte, M., Hubert, C., Sarcus, B., Karoubi, P., Mechinaud, F., Bertcrottiere, D., Bongain, A., Monpoux, F., Gennes, C., Devianne, F., Nisand, I., Rousset, M., Mouchnino, G., Muray, J., Munzer, M., Quereux, C., Brossard, V., Clavier, B., Allemon, M., Rotten, D., Stephan, J., Varlet, M., Guyot, B., Narey, P., Bardinet, F., Caunes, F., Jeny, R., Robin, M., Bouley, Ar, Savey, L., Berrebi, A., Tricoire, J., Borderon, J., Fignon, A., Guillot, F., Maria, B., Broyard, A., Chitrit, Y., Firtion, G., Pillet, Ml, Parat, S., Boissinot, C., Garec, N., Levine, M., Ottenwalter, A., Schaller, F., Vilmer, B., Courpotin, C., Brunner, C., Ciraru-Vigneron, N., Hatem-Gantzer, G., Xavier FRITEL, Wallet, A., Bouille, J., Milliez, J., Mrejen, Db, Dermer, E., Noseda, G., Bardou, D., Cressaty, J., Francoual, C., Moncomble, Cc, Cohen, H., Blanche, S., Bastion, H., Benifla, J., Benkhatar, F., Berkane, N., Herve, F., Ronzier, M., Ferraris, G., Rancillo, L., Tulisso, S., Scolfaro, C., Riva, C., Vierucci, A., Luca, M., Farina, S., Fundaro, C., Genovese, O., Mercu, G., Forni, G., Stegagno, M., Falconieri, P., Zuccotti, G., Riva, E., Cellini, M., Baraldi, C., Consolini, R., Palla, G., Ruggeri, M., Pignata, C., Guarino, A., Osimani, P., Metri, A., Antonellini, A., Benaglia, G., Romano, A., Mattia, D., Caselli, D., Boni, S., Erba, G., Bassanetti, F., Sticca, M., Timpano, C., Magnani, C., Salvatore, C., Gambaretto, G., Lipreri, R., Tornaghi, R., Pinzani, R., Cecchi, M., Bezzi, T., Battisti, L., Bresciani, E., Gattinara, G., Berrino, R., Pellegatta, A., Mazza, A., Baldi, F., Micheletti, E., Altobelli, R., Deiana, M., Colnaghi, C., Tarallo, L., Tondo, U., Anastasio, E., Chiriaco, P., Contardi, I., Ruggeri, C., Ibba, P., O Sullivan, M., Malmsberry, A., Willoughby, A., Goedert, J., Mendez, H., Holman, S., Rubinstein, A., Nesheim, S., Clark, S., Lee, F., Nahmias, A., Sawyer, M., Vink, P., Alger, L., Abrams, E., Bamji, M., Lambert, G., Schoenbaum, E., Thea, D., Thomas, P., Palumbo, P., Denny, T., Oleske, J., Orloff, S., Ethier-Ives, J., Rogers, M., Kutner, M., Kaplan, S., Kattan, M., Lipshultz, S., Sopko, G., Sloand, E., Wu, M., Nadal, D., Siegrist, Ca, Wyler, Ca, Cheseaux, Jj, Aebi, C., Gnehm, H., Schubiger, G., Klingler, J., Hunziker, U., Kuchler, H., Gianinazzi, M., Buhlmann, U., Biedermann, K., Lauper, U., Irion, O., Brunelli, A., Spoletini, G., Schreyer, A., Hosli, I., Saurenmann, E., Drack, G., Isenschmid, M., Poorbeik, M., Schupbach, J., Perrin, L., Erb, P., Joller, H., Dillon, M., Nielsen, R., Boyer, P., Liao, D., Keller, M., Deveikis, A., Khoury, M., Diaz, C., Pacheco-Acosta, E., Cooper, E., Mesthene, D., Pitt, J., Higgins, A., Moroso, G., Rich, K., Turpin, D., Cooper, N., Fowler, M., Smeriglio, V., Mckinlay, S., and Ellis, S.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Anti-HIV Agents, Birth weight, HIV Infections, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, medicine, Birth Weight, Humans, Rupture of membranes, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, Cesarean Section, Obstetrics, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Delivery, Obstetric, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Confidence interval, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Immunology, HIV-1, Female, business, Zidovudine, Cohort study
Abstract

Background To evaluate the relation between elective cesarean section and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we performed a meta-analysis using data on individual patients from 15 prospective cohort studies. Methods North American and European studies of at least 100 mother-child pairs were included in the meta-analysis. Uniform definitions of modes of delivery were used. Elective cesarean sections were defined as those performed before onset of labor and rupture of membranes. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was used to adjust for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission. Results The primary analysis included data on 8533 mother-child pairs. After adjustment for receipt of antiretroviral therapy, maternal stage of disease, and infant birth weight, the likelihood of vertical transmission of HIV-1 was decreased by approximately 50 percent with elective cesarean section, as compared with other modes of delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.56). The results were similar when the study population was limited to those with rupture of membranes shortly before delivery. The likelihood of transmission was reduced by approximately 87 percent with both elective cesarean section and receipt of antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, as compared with other modes of delivery and the absence of therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.13; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.19). Among mother-child pairs receiving antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, rates of vertical transmission were 2.0 percent among the 196 mothers who underwent elective cesarean section and 7.3 percent among the 1255 mothers with other modes of delivery. Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis suggest that elective cesarean section reduces the risk of transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child independently of the effects of treatment with zidovudine.

Published
1999
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40. Carotid baroreflex control of heart rate is enhanced during whole‐body heat stress

Author

Cory L. Butts, Mitchel Samels, Tyler J Benson, Shane W Warren, Keller M David, and Davor Krnjajic

Subjects
Mean arterial pressure, Core (anatomy), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Orthostatic intolerance, Baroreflex, medicine.disease, Biochemistry, Orthostatic vital signs, Blood pressure, Internal medicine, Heart rate, Genetics, Cardiology, Medicine, Analysis of variance, business, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology
Abstract

Whole-body heat stress (WBH) reduces orthostatic tolerance. While impaired carotid baroreflex (CBR) function during WBH has been reported, study design considerations may limit interpretation of previous findings. We sought to test the hypothesis that CBR function is unaltered during WBH. CBR function was assessed in ten subjects using 5-sec trials of neck pressure (45, 30 and 15 Torr) and neck suction (-20, -40, 60 and 80 Torr) during normothermia (NT) and passive WBH (∆ core temp ~1 °C). Analysis of stimulus response curves (4-parameter logistic model) for CBR control of heart rate (CBR-HR) and mean arterial pressure (CBR-MAP), as well as separate 2-way ANOVA of the hypoand hypertensive stimuli (factor 1: thermal condition, factor 2: chamber pressure) were performed. For CBR-HR, maximal gain was increased during WBH (-0.73±0.37) compared to NT (-0.39±0.11, p=0.03). In addition, the CBR-HR responding range was increased during WBH (32±15) compared to NT (18±8 bpm, p=0.03). Separate analysis of hypertensive stimulation revealed enhanced HR responses during WBH at -40, -60 and -80 Torr (condition*chamber pressure interaction, p=0.049) compared to NT. For CBR-MAP, both logistic analysis and separate 2-way ANOVA revealed no differences during WBH. Therefore, despite marked orthostatic intolerance observed during WBH, CBR control of heart rate (enhanced) and arterial pressure (no change) is well-preserved.

Published
2013
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41. Occurrence of Psorospermium haeckeli in the stone crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium from a population naturally mixed with the noble crayfish Astacus astacus

Author

Keller M, Brandis D, and Vogt G

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Astacus, biology, Decapoda, Ecology, Population, Aquatic Science, Austropotamobius torrentium, biology.organism_classification, Crayfish, Crustacean, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Psorospermium haeckeli
Published
1996
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43. Multiple drug hypersensitivity: normal Treg cell function but enhanced in vivo activation of drug-specific T cells

Author

Daubner B, Groux-Keller M, Hausmann O V, Kawabata T, Naisbitt D J, Park B K, Wendland T, Lerch M, and Pichler W J

Subjects
Drug Hypersensitivity, Immunomagnetic Separation, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Humans, Cell Separation, Flow Cytometry, Lymphocyte Activation, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Cells, Cultured, Immunophenotyping
Abstract

BACKGROUND Up to 10 of patients with severe immune mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions have tendencies to develop multiple drug hypersensitivities (MDH). The reason why certain individuals develop MDH and the underlying pathomechanism are unclear. We investigated different T cell subpopulations in MDH patients and compared them with patients allergic to a single drug and with healthy controls (HC). METHODS We analyzed the in vitro reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MDH patients (n=7) patients with hypersensitivity to a single drug (monoallergic n=6) and healthy controls (HD) (n=6) to various drugs (mainly antibiotics and antiepileptics). By depleting and selectively re adding CD4(+) CD25(bright) T cells (T regulatory cells Treg) their effect on drug specific T cell reactivity was analyzed. The phenotype of reacting T cells was determined ex vivo by staining for markers of activation (CD38) and cell exhaustion (PD 1). RESULTS No functional deficiency of Treg cells was observed in all drug allergic patients. Drug reactive T cells from MDH patients were found in the CD4(+) CD25(dim) T cell fraction and showed enhanced CD38 and PD 1 expression while those from monoallergic patients reside in the resting CD4(+) CD25(neg) T cell fraction. CONCLUSION In patients with MDH the drug reactive T cells are contained in an in vivo pre activated T cell fraction. Therefore they may show a lower threshold for activation by drugs. The reason for this in vivo T cell pre activation needs further investigations.

Published
2011

44. X-SENSE: Sensing in extreme environments

Author

Jan Beutel, Buchli, B., Ferrari, F., Keller, M., Zimmerling, M., and Thiele, L.

Subjects
Scientific instrument, Resource (project management), Application domain, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Distributed computing, Global warming, Key (cryptography), Wireless, Quality (business), business, Wireless sensor network, media_common
Abstract

The field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is now in a stage where serious applications of societal and economical importance are in reach. For example, it is well known that the global climate change dramatically influences the visual appearance of mountain areas like the European Alps. Very destructive geological processes may be triggered or intensified, impacting the stability of slopes, possibly inducing landslides. Unfortunately, the interactions between these complex processes is poorly understood. Therefore, one needs to develop wireless sensing technology as a new scientific instrument for environmental sensing under extreme conditions. Large variations in temperature, humidity, mechanical forces, snow coverage, and unattended operation play a crucial role in long-term deployments. We argue that, in order to significantly advance the application domain, it is inevitable that sensor networks be created as a quality scientific instrument with known and predictable properties, and not as a research toy delivering average observations at best. In this paper, key techniques for achieving highly reliable, yet resource efficent wireless sensor networks are discussed on the basis of productive wireless sensor networks measuring permafrost processes in the Swiss Alps.

Published
2011
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45. Coordinated approaches to quantify long-term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change

Author

Luo, Y, Melillo, J, Niu, S, Beier, C, Clark, JS, Classen, AT, Davidson, E, Dukes, JS, Evans, RD, Field, CB, Czimczik, CI, Keller, M, Kimball, BA, Kueppers, LM, Norby, RJ, Pelini, SL, Pendall, E, Rastetter, E, Six, J, Smith, M, Tjoelker, MG, and Torn, MS

Subjects
Climate Action, experimentation, climate change, Ecology, terrestrial ecosystems, process study, earth system, Biological Sciences, data assimilation, global change, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Many serious ecosystem consequences of climate change will take decades or even centuries to emerge. Long-term ecological responses to global change are strongly regulated by slow processes, such as changes in species composition, carbon dynamics in soil and by long-lived plants, and accumulation of nutrient capitals. Understanding and predicting these processes require experiments on decadal time scales. But decadal experiments by themselves may not be adequate because many of the slow processes have characteristic time scales much longer than experiments can be maintained. This article promotes a coordinated approach that combines long-term, large-scale global change experiments with process studies and modeling. Long-term global change manipulative experiments, especially in high-priority ecosystems such as tropical forests and high-latitude regions, are essential to maximize information gain concerning future states of the earth system. The long-term experiments should be conducted in tandem with complementary process studies, such as those using model ecosystems, species replacements, laboratory incubations, isotope tracers, and greenhouse facilities. Models are essential to assimilate data from long-term experiments and process studies together with information from long-term observations, surveys, and space-for-time studies along environmental and biological gradients. Future research programs with coordinated long-term experiments, process studies, and modeling have the potential to be the most effective strategy to gain the best information on long-term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Published
2011
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50. Loss of hypocretin (orexin) neurons with traumatic brain injury

Author

Baumann, C R, Bassetti, C L, Valko, P O, Haybaeck, J, Keller, M, Clark, E, Stocker, R, Tolnay, M, Scammell, T E, and University of Zurich

Subjects
10022 Division of Surgical Research, 2728 Neurology (clinical), Neurology, 2808 Neurology, 10208 Institute of Neuropathology, Clinical Neurology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, 10040 Clinic for Neurology
Published
2009
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