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Ikaite formation and its transformation to calcite occurs via distinct amorphous calcium carbonates (referred to as I and II) that differ in their morphology, particle size, water content and stability.

Introduction Due to the growing interest in the use of cannabinoids in supportive therapies, they are increasingly used together with anti-inflammatory drugs. Cannabinoids inhibit gastrointestinal motility, while steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs influence motility in other ways. The aim of the research was to study the interactions between cannabidiol (CBD) and these two classes of anti-inflammatory drugs in the context of gastrointestinal motility. Dexamethasone (DEX) was selected as a steroidal drug and diclofenac (DCF) as a nonsteroidal counterpart. Material and Methods The experiments were performed on isolated rat colon strips in isometric conditions. The contractile response to acetylcholine (ACh) (1 μM) was measured with no substance applied as a control value and was measured after application of CBD (80 μM), DEX (100 μM), DCF (100 μM), or a combination of these substances. Results Cannabidiol strongly inhibited intestinal motility mediated by ACh application, DCF inhibited it non-significantly, while DEX intensified it. When CBD was co-administered with DEX, the combination inhibited intestinal motility non-significantly relative to the ACh-only control. Co-administration of CBD with DCF inhibited motility more than when these substances were administered separately. Conclusion Inhibition of the intestinal response to ACh is likely due to the synergistic effect of CBD and endogenous cannabinoids. Dexamethasone lessened the inhibitory effect of CBD, likely because of diminished availability of the arachidonic acid necessary for endogenous cannabinoid synthesis. However, diclofenac may increase endogenous cannabinoid synthesis, because of the greater availability of arachidonic acid caused by DCF blocking the cyclooxygenation pathway.

Ikaite (CaCO3*6H2O) is a cryogenic calcium carbonate phase, which forms below about 5°C. If the temperature increases above 5-7 °C ikaite transforms to calcite. Understanding the transformation process is important to interpret paleoclimatological data from glendonites, i.e., calcite pseudomorphs after ikaite in sediments. Tollefsen et al. (2020) suggested that the transformation occurs via a coupled dissolution–reprecipitation mechanism at the ikaite–calcite interface (1). In contrast, Vickers et al. (2022) proposed a quasi-solid state ikaite to calcite transformation mechanismand suggested that stable isotope data of glendonite can be used for reconstructing paleotemperatures(2). However, in sediments the majority of the ikaite to calcite transformation occurs in diagenetic environments, where ambient solutions interact with the transforming mineral.We synthesized ikaite at 2 °C in alkaline environment in order to study its transformation using organic solvents, vacuum pumping and rapid (1 min) heating from 5 to 30 °C. These experiments indicated the formation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) during the ikaite to calcite transition. We also monitored the ikaite transformation by letting the 2 °C parent solution to reach room temperature (25 °C) within ~5 hours. We observed ACC and calcite formations depending on the alkalinity of the parent solution. Our experiments suggest that the ikaite to calcite transition is a two-step process consisting of the solid-state ikaite → ACC transformation and the ACC → calcite dissolution–reprecipitation mechanisms. During these transitions ikaite lost all its water but preserved its original morphology. We hypothesize that the occurrence of a transient amorphous phase during the ikaite to calcite transition implies the alteration of the isotopic data, similar to what was reported for the ACC to calcite transition (3).We acknowledge the financial support of NKFIH ANN141894 grant. References:(1) E. Tollefsen, T. Balic-Zunic, C. M. Mörth, V. Brüchert, C. C. Lee and A. Skelton, Scientific Reports, 2020, 10, 8141.(2) M. L.Vickers, M. Vickers, R. E. M. Rickaby, H. Wu, S. M. Bernasconi, C. V. Ullmann, G. Bohrmann, R. F. Spielhagen, H. Kassens, B. P. Schultz, C. Alwmark, N. Thibault and C. Korte, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2022, 334, 201-216.(3) A. Demény, Gy. Czuppon, Z. Kern, Sz. Leél-Őssy, A. Németh, M. Z. Szabó M. Tóth, C.-C. Wu, C.-C. Shen, M. Molnár, T. Németh, P. Németh and M. Óvári, Quaternary International, 2016, 415, 25-32.

Soil organic matter (SOM) is an essential fraction of soil and contributes to its fertility. Land use and cultivation may affect SOM. This study investigates whether SOM concentration and composition differ in soil pools or are changed by soil management (tillage, fertilisations, and crop covers). Soil samples were collected in April 2019 from cropland and nearby grassland. The study sites were part of a long-term experiment in Martonvasar (Hungary), established in 1958 and characterised by Chernozem soils. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents and compounds were studied in three soil pools (bulk soil, fast pool, and slow pool). Both TOC and total N concentrations were high in the slow pool, with higher stored C contents in grassland than in cropland. Tillage effects reduced aggregate stability in cropland, which explains a lower aliphatic content than grassland. Insufficient physical protection due to the tillage practice may enhance OM loss in cropland even under fertiliser inputs. Neither fertiliser nor crop covers affected SOM compositions, while they were different in soil pools. More complex OM in the slow pool than in the fast pool. It indicates that the slow pool is the main protecting path for SOM, possibly referred to older or decayed organic compounds. To understand the bottom-up process, microorganisms’ community role in SOM stabilisation needs to be studied.

The prerequisite for studying the topic was that the topic of corporate governance is relevant, especially in our turbulent, unstable times. This is confirmed by the interest shown by authors from various countries. In the literature review subsection, articles on corporate governance by various authors from the Scopus database were studied. From the point of view of the authors, the activity of any organization depends on many different external and internal factors, such as the competence of management, the qualifications of employees, the availability of financial and labor resources for business development. Through the application of the methodology and methods of classical science, the goals of writing the article are revealed: the article presents a concise history of the development of corporate governance in the international and domestic markets in a convenient form, identifies the main three theories of corporate governance, and identifies differences in the codes of various countries in tabular form. The article confirms the information that underestimation of the importance of corporate governance can lead to several losses in the company, the impossibility of implementing the strategy, and inefficient use of resources: material, intellectual, labor, and financial. An assessment of the positive impact of the corporate management system as a whole on the company’s efficiency is given. The results of the study can be applied in building a corporate management system for companies, regardless of the form of ownership and the number of employees. The topic of corporate governance is especially relevant in the current realities.

HYL1 (DRB1) is a double-stranded RNA binding protein involved in miRNA processing in plants. It is a core component of the Microprocessor complex and enhances the efficiency and precision of miRNA processing by the DCL1 protein. In this work, we report a novel function of the HYL1 protein in the transcription of MIR genes. HYL1 colocalizes with RNA Polymerase II and affects its distribution along MIR genes. Moreover, proteomic experiments revealed that the HYL1 protein interacts with many transcription factors. Finally, we show that the action of HYL1 is not limited to MIR genes and impacts the expression of many other genes, a majority of which are involved in the plastid organization. These discoveries indicate HYL1 as an additional player in gene regulation at the transcriptional level, independent of its role in miRNA biogenesis.

Transpozonlar, genomdaki yerlerini değiştirebilme özelliğine sahip olan hareketli DNA parçalarıdır. Transpozonlar genomdaki yer değiştirme işlemini, transpozisyon olarak adlandırılan bir mekanizma ile gerçekleştirmekte ve sahip oldukları transpozisyon mekanizmasına göre DNA ve RNA transpozonları olarak iki alt sınıfa ayrılmaktadırlar. Retrotranspozonlar olarak da adlandırılan RNA transpozonları, insanın evrim sürecinde önemli rol alan endojen retrovirüsleri (ERV) içermektedir. İnsan genomunun yaklaşık %8’ini oluşturan insan endojen retrovirüsleri (HERV) 3 sınıf altında toplanmakta olup ikinci sınıfta yer alan insan endojen retrovirüs K (HERV-K), insan genomuna yakın sayılabilecek bir zamanda entegre olan, insan genomundaki en aktif HERV’dir. HERV-K’nın gen anlatım analizleri incelendiğinde, ovaryum, meme ve deri kanseri gibi çeşitli kanser türlerinin ortaya çıkmasında HERV-K’nın rol aldığı görülmektedir. HERV’lerin kanser gelişimi ile olan ilişkisi uzun süredir araştırılmaktadır. Kanser hücrelerinde HERV proteinleri saptanmış olsa da HERV’lerin kanser gelişimindeki rolü kesin olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Son dönemde yapılan çalışmalar kanser hücrelerinde yüksek seviyede anlatım yaptığı gösterilen HERV proteinlerinin, kanser tedavisinde rol alan immün yanıt için ana hedef olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Histon deasetilaz inhibitörleri ve kontrol noktası inhibitörlerinin kombinasyonundan oluşan yeni yaklaşımlar da kanser tedavisinde kullanılmak üzere test edilmektedir. HERV anlatımı, interferon tip 1 yanıtını etkinleştiren, sitozoldeki tek iplikli RNA’nın kalıp tanıma reseptörlerini aktive ederek immün sistem yanıtını başlatmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda CD8 T hücreleri tarafından gerçekleştirilen kanser hücresi tanınması arttırılarak kanser gelişiminin engellenebileceği öngörülmektedir. Histon deasetilaz ve kontrol noktası inhibitörlerinin kombinasyonundan meydana gelen bu yeni yaklaşım, anti-tümör aktivitesini arttırarak kanser tedavisinde yeni bir umut oluşmasına olanak sağlayacaktır.

hnRNP UL1 plays an important role in cell nuclei, where it is recruited to DNA damage sites and is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Furthermore, this protein is known as a transcriptional repressor of RNA polymerase II genes. In the present study, we have shown that hnRNP UL1 is also localized in the nucleoli of human cells. Upon investigating its function, we found that hnRNP UL1 stimulates ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene transcription. Moreover, we observed that cells with hnRNP UL1 silencing exhibited increased sensitivity to DNA damage. We also showed that hnRNP UL1 interacts with γH2A.X, RPA32, XRCC1, and Chk1 in cell nucleoli, suggesting its involvement in the repair of rDNA damage.

Tensor robust principal component analysis (robust PCA) has been applied to the lightning images. Robust PCA aims to classify the images into low-rank and sparse components. The low rank and sparse components correspond to static background separation and the dynamic (lightning) part of the images correspondingly. After classification, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) unfold technique has been applied to sparse tensor, which transforms the tensor to spatial-temporal spaces in the form of vector matrixes. Spectral evolution shows the evolution of the polarization of the UV-Vis spectra. The contour maps of 2D energy density plots reveal the zero-point energy fluctuations of the bosons, fermions, and virtual matters from early to late stages. Detection of such fluctuations in the early stages can help to remote sensing of the lightning. 3D vector(ether) field representation of the sparse tensor of the brightest lightning reveals the butterfly effect of the black holes with the signatures of flapping. There is a correlation between the approximate entropy and the chaos trends of the 3D vector field analyzed by the Lyapunov exponent. In the brightest frame, the fractal dimension measures 0.8004, which is close to the Fibonacci Hamiltonian.

The research area is located in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania. This region is rich in various formations and indicates significant potential for paleo-environmental reconstruction. The present research was carried out on sediment cores collected at lake Bolătău-Feredeu, Feredeului Mountains (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). Preliminary examination of the sediment confirmed the possibility for data analysis with high temporal resolution. The aim of the research was to clarify and supplement the findings of previous research at this site, to explore the relationships between proxy parameters and to elucidate the cause for the changes. Core dating was carried out using 210Pb and radiocarbon isotopes and indicated that sediment cores span the past 500 years. The research uses a wide range of methodologies, including organic geochemistry with calculated n alkane indices (Phw and Pwax). Based on these proxies, the changes of woody and herbaceous coverage in the catchment can be estimated. Moreover, element concentration, weathering indices and particle size distribution assist to detect climate changes in the catchment area. The data and conclusions yielded by the analysis were compared with the regional modelled temperature profile, based on which five periods were separated. In addition to natural and anthropogenic events, the main factor among the natural processes is the change in annual temperature. Based on the obtained data, several parameters were found to be suitable for monitoring past temperature changes.

Bu makalenin amacı, manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikte kriz ile mücadele sürecinde uygulanabilecek Tanrı imgesini danışmanlığa dâhil eden yöntemleri incelemektir. Bu bağlam doğrultusunda kriz danışmanlığında psikolojik danışmanlıktan farklı olarak müdahalede zamanın kısıtlı olması nedeniyle etik durum, kişilikle olan ilişki, manevi danışmanın rolü ve danışmanlık sürecinin sonunda danışanı bekleyen durumlar ele alınmaktadır. Tanrı imgesi; kültür, aile ve toplum tarafından etkiye uğradığı gibi kişinin dini inanç ve yaşam deneyimlerinden de etkilenmektedir. Tanrı imgesinin gelişimi hakkında Harms, Goldman, Elkind ve Fowler gibi bilim insanlarının teorilerinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Tanrı imgelerinin özellikle kriz durumlarında hayata yeniden tutunmak için potansiyel güç işlevi gören sığınma ve bir dinlenme yeri olduğu düşünüldüğü zaman, bu imgelerin kriz danışmanlığına dâhil edilmesi önemli görülmektedir. Buna karşılık bu imge doğru oluşturulmadığı zaman bireye dayanak olmak yerine kişinin durumunu daha da zor bir hale getirmektedir. Bu bağlam doğrultusunda yapılan çalışmalarda psikodinamik teknik, ilişkisel maneviyat tekniği ve aşkınlık tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Manevi yönelimli psikodinamik teknik, danışanın Tanrı imajının ‘an’a getirilmesini ve bu imajın çözümlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. İlişkisel maneviyat tekniğinde de Tanrı imgesi ile kurulan ilişki danışmanlıkta konumlandırılmaktadır. Her iki teknikte de danışanların mevcut imgesi ile ihtiyacı olan Tanrı imgesi dengelenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Aşkınlık tekniğinde ise danışanın tüm bu imgelerin ötesine taşınması hedeflenmektedir. Aşkın Tanrı imgesinin, danışanın sınırlarında çözemediği problemleri aşmasını ve onun gelişiminin gerçekleşmesini sağlayacak bir katalizör etkisi gösterdiği düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla makalenin amacı manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikte kriz danışmanlığı paralelinde Tanrı imgelerinin kullanıldığı danışmanlık modellerini incelemektir. Tanrı imgelerinin keşfi ve onların dönüştürülmesi, manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikte kriz danışmanlığında en güncel metotlardan birisi olarak kabul görmektedir. Çünkü bu yöntem aile kökenli sorunlara, kişiler arası çözülmemiş narsistik eksikliklere veya biyokimyasal sorunlara odaklanmak yerine Tanrı’nın tanımlanmamış görüntülerinin varlığını dinlemek için bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Zira bu süreçte kişinin derin yatırımlar yaptığı “Tanrı/Tanrıları” kişiyi hayal kırıklığına uğratmış olabilmektedir. Ancak bu durum, yeni ve daha değerli imgelerin ortaya çıkması için bir fırsat olarak düşünülmektedir.

Colchicum calcedonicum Azn, pek çok endemik bitki türünün görüldüğü Türkiye'de yayılış gösteren endemik türlerden biridir. Toprak altında uzun-oval şekilli soğanı ile genellikle 3-4 yapraklıdır. Kallus kültürü kullanarak endemik türlerin in vitro üretimi, bu türlerin korunmasında umut verici bir çalışma haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, in vitro C. chalcedonicum üretimi için verimli kallus protokolünün oluşturulabilmesidir. Explantların sterilizasyonunda, 20 dk %0.25 (w/v) cıva klorür (HgCl2) kullanılmıştır. Cıva klorüre ilaveten, yüzey sterilizasyonunda 30 dk boyunca Tween 80, %6,5 NaCl ile birlikte kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 19 farklı besiyeri kullanılmış olup primer kallus oluşumu 2,4-D (2 mg L-1), 2IP (0,5 mg L-1), %3 sükroz ve %0,05 aktif karbon içeren Murashige & Skoog bazal besiyerinde elde edilmiştir. Çalışmamız, aktif karbon kullanımının primer kallus oluşumunda etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, C. chalcedonicum’un primer kallus oluşumu için ilk rapordur. Bununla birlikte, çalışmamız endemik tür olan C. chalcedonicum'un in vitro korunması ve kallus oluşum protokolünün geliştirilmesinde öncü bir çalışmadır., Colchicum calcedonicum Azn is one of the endemic species distributed in Turkey, where many endemic plant species occur. It has long-oval shaped corm under the soil, and usually 3-4 leaves on it. In vitro production of endemic species using callus culture has become promising study for conservation. The aim of this study is to generate an efficient callus protocol for in vitro production of C. chalcedonicum. To sterilize the explants, 0.25% (w/v) mercuric chloride (HgCl2) was used for 20 min. In addition to mercuric chloride, surface sterilization was conducted by using 6.5% NaCl with Tween 80 for 30 min. We used 19 different mediums and the primary callus formation was obtained in Murashige & Skoog’s basal medium (MS) supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg L-1), 2IP (0.5 mg L-1), 3% sucrose and 0.05% active carbon. Our study demonstrated the active carbon usage was effective for the primary callus formation. This study is the first report for primary callus formation of C. chalcedonicum. However, our work is a pioneering study to improve callus formation protocol system for in vitro conservation of endemic species C. chalcedonicum.

After the European Union ban of antibiotic growth promoters, works on different methods of improving gut health have intensified. The poultry industry is struggling with problems that were previously controlled by antibiotic growth promoters, therefore the search for optimal solutions continues. Simultaneously, there is also increasing social pressure to minimize the use of antibiotics and replace them with alternative feed additives. A variety of available alternatives is considered safe by consumers, among which phytogenics play a significant role. However, there are still some limitations that need to be considered. The most questionable are the issues related to bioavailability, metabolism of plant derivatives in birds, and the difficulty of standardizing commercial products. There is still a need for more evidence-based recommendations for the use of phytogenics in livestock. On the other hand, a positive influence of phytogenic compounds on the health of poultry has been previously described by many researchers and practical application of these compounds has auspicious perspectives in poultry production. Supplementation with phytogenic feed additives has been shown to protect birds from various environmental threats leading to impaired intestinal barrier function. Phytogenic feed additives have the potential to improve the overall structure of intestinal mucosa as well as gut barrier function on a molecular level. Recognition of the phytogenicsʼ effect on the components of the intestinal barrier may enable the selection of the most suitable ones to alleviate negative effects of different agents. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the influence of various phytogenic constituents on the intestinal barrier and health of poultry.

Pazarlama sınırlarının her geçen gün genişlediği yoğun değişim ortamında, markalara yönelik güven ve sadakat, markaların başarısını etkilemektedir. Bu güven duygusunun altında sosyolojik unsurlar yatabilmektedir. Yeniçağın da gerektirdiği şekilde, pazarlama faaliyetlerini müşteri odaklı hale getirmek için bu sosyolojik unsurların incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın temel amacı, marka orijininin reklama yönelik tutum ve güven üzerindeki etkisinde, sosyoloji temelli kavramlar olan tüketici etnosentrizminin, ksenosentrizminin ve kozpolitanizminin rolünün incelenmesidir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, çalışmada 2x2 gruplar arası deneysel tasarım dizayn edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, Türkiye ve Fransa kökenli olmak üzere iki farklı reklam görselinin yer aldığı iki ayrı anket ile 237 üniversite öğrencisinden veri toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, tüketici etnosentrizmi ve tüketici ksenosenterizminin boyutlarından algılanan yetersizlik, marka orijini ile reklama yönelik tutum ve güven arasındaki ilişkide düzenleyici bir etkiye sahiptir. Fakat tüketici kozmopolitanlığının ve tüketici ksenosentrizminin boyutlarından sosyal yüceltmenin söz konusu ilişkide düzenleyici bir etkiye sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın yazına ve pazarlama uygulayıcılarına katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the ability of machines to perform tasks that are usually associated with intelligent beings. Argument and debate are fundamental capabilities of human intelligence, essential for a wide range of human activities, and common to all human societies. The development of computational argumentation technologies is therefore an important emerging discipline in AI research1. Here we present Project Debater, an autonomous debating system that can engage in a competitive debate with humans. We provide a complete description of the system’s architecture, a thorough and systematic evaluation of its operation across a wide range of debate topics, and a detailed account of the system’s performance in its public debut against three expert human debaters. We also highlight the fundamental differences between debating with humans as opposed to challenging humans in game competitions, the latter being the focus of classical ‘grand challenges’ pursued by the AI research community over the past few decades. We suggest that such challenges lie in the ‘comfort zone’ of AI, whereas debating with humans lies in a different territory, in which humans still prevail, and for which novel paradigms are required to make substantial progress. An artificial intelligence system that can engage in a competitive debate with humans is presented.

2005-ben Somogy megyében autóút építését megelőző nagyfelületű ásatáson, Balatonlelle határában két késő rézkori csontvázas sír került elő. Mindkét sírban az elhunyton kívül további koponyák maradványait is megtalálták. A 415. sírba temetett 8–9 éves gyermek csuklóján csaknem tiszta rézből készült pántkarperec, a nyakán szerves anyagból kialakított fekete, gagát jellegű gyöngy, és egy kalapált lemezgyöngy volt az edénymellékleteken kívül. A temetkezési mód és az analógia nélküli ékszermellékletek arra utalnak, hogy a sírba különleges státuszú gyereket temettek. A DNS elemzés rokonságot is ki tudott mutatni az elhunyt fiú és a sírjába tett egyes koponyamaradványok között. A fekete gyöngyöt kombinált optikai mikroszkópos, röntgenfluoreszcens spektroszkópos (XRF), pásztázó elektronmikroszkópos, Fourier transzformációs infravörös spektroszkópos (FTIR) és stabilizotóp-geokémiai vizsgálatoknak vetettük alá. A gyöngy könnyű, hálózatosan repedezett anyag, ami meglehetősen törékeny és a törési felület fényes, kagylós törést mutat. A belső szerkezet csiszolt felületen hosszúkás, irányított pórusokat mutat, a szénült fa szerkezetéhez hasonlóan. Az XRF elemzések a szilikátok alárendelt mennyiségét jelzik, így a szervesanyag-dús üledékes kőzet (pala) kizárható. A szakirodalomban gagátnak (angolul jet) nevezett minta FTIR spektruma jelentősen különbözik az ismert gagát/jet előfordulásokétól, viszont erősen hasonlít a karbon korú kőszenekhez, különösen a francia és spanyol előfordulásokhoz. A stabilhidrogén- és -szénizotóp- összetételek a leginkább a karbon korú szenekhez állnak közel, a helyi és a közeli regionális szenek, valamint a speciális képződési környezetet jelentő gagát (jet) előfordulások elvethetőek forrásanyagként. Az adatok együttesen legvalószínűbb forrásként a spanyol vagy francia karbon korú szenekre utalnak, mint potenciális forráskőzetre. Mindazonáltal további szisztematikus gyűjtés és elemzések szükségesek a „gagát” gyöngy eredetének feltárására.

Bu makalenin amacı, krizin anlamına ve kriz ile mücadele yaklaşımlarına yönelik psikoloji ve manevi danışmanlık perspektifinden değerlendirmeler yapmaktır. Ayrıca manevi danışmanın alet çantasında olması gereken yöntem ve pratikler de incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda ayrıca kriz terapilerinin klinik psikoloji ve manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik literatürü açısından incelendiği bu makale, manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik uygulamalarına kuramsal katkıda bulunmayı hedefleyen teorik bir çalışmadır. Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik psikolojik danışmanlıktan farklı olarak bireyin hastalık, sakatlık, yaşlılık ya da doğal afetler nedeniyle yaşadığı krizlerle mücadelede kaybedilen kontrol duygusunun yeniden kazandırılması için gerekli desteğin dini ve manevi referansları kullanarak gerçekleştirilmesidir. Benzer şekilde klinik psikoloji de insanın sağaltımı için çaba sarf eder. Ancak bu seküler modeller Tanrı’dan bağımsız olarak farklı kültür ve inançtaki insanların hayatı anlamlandırmaları aynı kabul edilerek bireyi anlamaya çalışmaktadır. Psikanalitik kuram olayları nesnelere bağlarken bilişsel terapiler içe dönerek davranışların öznesini yeniden keşfetmiştir. Yaşamın ilk yıllarında önemli kişilerle geçirilen yaşantılar sonucunda gelişen bu şemalar, stresli olaylarla karşılaşıldığında aktifleşir ve kestirme metot ve yollar sunarak tepkisini belirler. McIntosh ile din de bir bilişsel şema olarak kabul edilmiştir. Dinin en temel şeması her dinin ve bireyin kendine özgü Tanrı tasavvurunu tanımlayan Tanrı şemasıdır. Bu şemanın olumlu olmaması durumunda krizlerden Tanrı’yı sorumlu tutma, terk edildiğini düşünme ve Tanrı’nın ceza verici olarak algılanmasından dolayı suçluluk duygusu gibi negatif duygular tetiklenebilir. Makale boyunca manevi danışmanlıkta kriz danışmanlığı uygulamaları, Tanrı tasavvuru şema kavramı çerçevesinde oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Nitekim din psikolojisi, kriz anında dini başa çıkma yöntemlerinden Tanrısal eylem düşüncesi teorisi ve bilişsel yönelim teorisinden güç alır. Bu doğrultuda Tanrı ile birey arasındaki bağlantı noktası olan Tanrı tasavvurunun kriz yaşantıları ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Makalede son olarak; olumlu Tanrı tasavvuru şemasının bireyin yaşamsal krizleri anlamlandırmada ve kriz ile başa çıkmada temel unsur olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Oluşturulmuş doğru Tanrı tasavvuru şeması ile birey başta krizle mücadele olmak üzere yaşamındaki pek çok olayın içinden geçebilecek kestirme bir yola sahip olduğu görülmektedir.

Intensive tillage operations, especially moldboard plowing, are widely described as one of the leading causes of soil organic matter (SOM) decrease in cultivated topsoils. Experiments proved that afforestation or even dropped tillage intensity might increase the SOM content of the soil within decades. However, little is known about the forms and sequestration mechanisms of the recently produced organic matter under conservation agriculture practices. Thus, the present study aimed to test the following hypotheses on a Chernozem crop field shifted to conservation tillage: (i) SOM increase appears in the uppermost soil layer without any effect in the subsoil layer; (ii) SOM increase affects each (both labile and stabile) SOM pools of the soil; (iii) the increase modifies the SOM composition of the fractions. The investigations were carried out in a long-term field experiment established in 2002 at Józsefmajor, Hungary. The present study compares the SOM amount and composition of the 0-10 cm and 30-40 cm horizons under plowing, deep cultivation, and no-tillage. Decreasing cultivation intensity resulted in a general soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration increase in both the mineral phase associated OM (stable pool), and the aggregate occluded OM fractions (labile pool). This indicates a relevant saturation deficit in both fractions of the topsoil even though the particulate organic matter fraction did not change. The increase is probably due to the above-ground plant residue input surplus as the SOC content in the 30-40cm layer did not change. The SOM surplus stabilized in the soil did not affect SOM composition differences between depth and fractions resulted in a cultivation-independent chemical SOM composition. The only difference was aromaticity, which showed increasing stratification due to tillage intensity mitigation. These results suggest the highlighted role of dissolved organic matter movement in the profile as the possible driving force of differentiation of aromaticity with depth. The results also underline the role of local circumstances in organic matter composition changes, proving the process's complexity and the difficulties of holistic model construction. The present research was supported by the Hungarian National Research and Innovation Office (NKFIH) K-123953, which is kindly acknowledged.

Stable isotope-based dietary information on the tenth century CE Hungarian population serves as a valuable comparative tool to other dietary stable isotope studies in the region. This study presents a multiproxy approach involving skeletal samples with the least diagenetic alteration and the best-preserved primary signals. Dental and bone samples collected from three cemeteries in northeastern Hungary were investigated using a combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), stable isotope geochemistry, and strontium isotope analysis. FTIR measurements were used to detect the addition of secondary carbonate to the skeletal apatite carbonate component and to differentiate diagenetically altered samples. Our results suggest that all but the bone apatite carbonate stable isotope values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios are trustworthy and may be used to interpret the diet and migration of the researched individuals. We also determined that the inhabitants of the three tenth century CE Hungarian settlements relied primarily on C3 plants, but that C4 plants, most likely broomcorn millet (P. miliaceum), comprised a moderate portion of their plant-based diet and that animal products were generally consumed in moderate-high amounts. Coupled analyses of carbonate oxygen and strontium isotope compositions revealed that most of the bone apatite carbonate was heavily altered, whereas enamel apatite carbonate samples largely preserved their primary compositions. The bones showing the least amount of diagenetic alteration may partially preserve their primary apatite carbonate compositions, as well as show a combination of primary and secondary signals, which should be taken into consideration when bone apatite carbonate data are interpreted.

Here, we have employed principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to analyze the Mie-calculated UV-Vis spectra of gold nanospheres (GNS). Eigen spectra of PCA perform the Fano-type resonances. PCA vector spectra determine the 3D vector fields which reveal the homoclinic orbit strange attractor. Quantum confinement effects are observed by the 3D representation of LDA. Standing wave patterns resulting from oscillations of ion-acoustic phonon and electron waves are illustrated through the eigen spectra of LDA. Such capabilities of GNPs have brought high attention to the high energy density physics applications. Furthermore, accurate prediction of gold nanoparticle (GNP) sizes using machine learning could provide rapid analysis without the need for expensive analysis. Two hybrid algorithms consist of unsupervised PCA and two different supervised ANN have been used to estimate the diameters of GNPs. PCA-based artificial neural networks(ANN) were found to estimate the diameters with a high accuracy.

A talajok szennyezőanyag-tartalmát leginkább az antropogén hatások befolyásolják, a nagyvárosokban elsősorban az építkezések, közúti forgalom, a nem megfelelő csatornázás, az esetleges csatornatörésekkor talajba kerülő különböző anyagok. Ezen anyagok elhelyezkedése, mozgása a talajban folyton változik, függ a szennyezés mértéke függ a felszíntől való távolságtól, a talaj összetételétől, a hatás mértékétől, a talaj vastagságától, a talajt alkotó ásványok összetételétől és azok arányától, stb. Tanulmányunkban Budapest XI. kerületének városi talajaiban lévő nehézfémtartalmat vizsgáztuk a talajok különböző kémiai és ásványtani tulajdonságai alapján. A munkánk során bizonyítást nyert, hogy az erős antropogén hatás alatt álló városi talajokban a határértékeket többszörösen meghaladó króm tartalom is előfordulhat, amely komoly aggodalomra adhat okot. A rendelkezésre álló adatok alapján kijelenhetjük, hogy a szennyező anyagok nem természetes eredetűek, minden esetben valamilyen emberi tevékenységre vezethetők vissza. A SEM-EDX mérésekből arra következhetünk, hogy a mért nehézfémek a talajokban elemhelyettesítésként vannak jelen, vagy egyes agyagásványokba épülve, illetve azok felületén dúsulhatnak.

The microstructure evolution of hydrogen-implanted 6H-SiC at different temperatures and fluences is investigated by using various experimental techniques. In H-implanted samples with relatively low fluence at RT, dense blister cavities are observed after annealing at 1100 °C, while no visible blister cavities appear after annealing at 1100 °C in the sample implanted at RT with high fluence. The absence of blister cavities is due to the loss of elastic energy during the crystalline-to-amorphous transition. With a further increase of implantation temperature to 450 and 900 °C, amorphization did not occur and H-containing microcracks grew laterally below the surface. Thus, blisters appeared on the surface of the samples implanted at 900 °C even without annealing. The results are compared to the microstructural evolution of He-implanted 6H-SiC which was explored in our previous work. The behavior of hydrogen and helium ions in 6H-SiC lattice was rather different. For He implantation, regardless of the fluence and implantation temperature, blisters did not form. The mechanism of migration and coalescence of nanoscale bubbles that are responsible for blistering were studied via density functional theory calculations, which well-supported the presented results. We found that both mechanisms (migration and coalescence) are energetically cheaper in the case of H compared to He.

Purpose Small-scale runoff and soil redistribution processes are important factors in rainfall simulation studies. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the feasibility of rare earth oxide (REO) tracking combined with 3D surface modelling and soil crust analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Materials and methods Four 40 mmh−1 rainfall simulations (divided into two blocks) were conducted on a Luvisol sample at 9% slope steepness. In a block, two successive simulations were run on a tilled, and then, on a crusted surface. Before the first rainfall simulation of a block, the tilled surface was prepared by hoeing and application of four REO tracers (Pr6O11 Sm2O3, Ho2O3 and Yb2O3) to the freshly tilled surface. REOs divided the parcel into two back, and two front sub-parcels. The REO runoff content was measured by XRF, while the redistributed REOs were measured by SEM on polished crust samples taken after the second experiment in each block. Additionally, before and after 3D models of the surface were created for determining runoff direction and redistribution pattern. Results and discussion According to the REO content of the soil loss samples, the soil washed down from the front sub-parcels, while back parcels started contributing to soil loss only during the second block experiments. The surface microtopography changed between the experiments. The runoff path from the back sub-parcels headed to one side of the parcel. This strong, cross-side runoff pattern explained the lack of the back sub-parcel REOs in the soil loss. Meanwhile, in the crust samples, several forms of the redistribution were identified. The REOs of the back sub-parcels were found in the samples that were collected in runoff paths, and the leaching pattern became traceable with REOs. Moreover, we were able to reconstruct the original surface easily on SEM images. Conclusions Small-scale redistribution and the role of the microtopography of the surface should be considered as an erosional factor in erosion studies in a more detailed way. Behaviour of the REO as a soil sediment tracer has great potential, although questions remain. REO tracing applied with runoff direction modelling and SEM analysis of soil crust samples was suitable to monitor the runoff path, and explain the soil redistribution pattern horizontally and vertically.

Tinnitus is a sensation of ringing in the ears in the absence of any physical source in the environment. Between 9–35% of adults experience some form of tinnitus. Common causes of tinnitus include noise, head injury, ototoxic substances, as well as disorders of blood and blood vessels. Vascular causes include: head—neck tumours, turbulent blood flow, problems with blood supply and inner ear cell damage. The aspect of rheology in terms of tinnitus has not been described yet. In the present study, which comprised 12 patients aged 30 to 74 years presenting with tinnitus, rheological properties of whole blood and plasma were assessed. All the subjects underwent audiological and neurological evaluation. The Quemada model was used to describe the variability of red blood cell shape, as well as their tendency to form aggregates. On the basis of the experimental study, statistically different results of haemorheological measurements were observed in the evaluated group in comparison to a reference group.

Germins and germin-like proteins (GLPs) known as germination markers are encoded by multigene families in several plant species, including barley. To date, functional analysis has revealed germins and GLPs are involved in diverse processes such as embryonic development and stress responses. The aim of this study was the analysis of barley germins and GLPs. In this study, 80 putative germins and GLPs have been identified in barley by using known 17 germins and GLP sequences. Analysis of germins and GLPs showed all germins and GLPs are distributed on all seven chromosomes that most of them spread through chromosome 3, 4 and 7 with 16, 18 and 12 proteins on each, respectively. The protein sizes varied between 185 and 335 amino acids, with an average length of 225 aa. Twelve conserved motifs were found. While germin motifs 1 and 3 were detected in all germins and GLPs, some motifs were found to be related to signalization. Interestingly, protein-protein interaction analysis demonstrated some GLPs are associated with RAB6-interacting golgin, oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity, beta-glucuronidase activity, protein N-linked glycosylation, multi-pass membrane protein, and proteins containing zinc finger (Znf) domain and RING (really interesting new gene)-type zinc finger domains. Our findings suggest that barley germins and GLPs may have diverse functions that make them important candidates for crop improvement. WOS:000682635100001 34363524 Q4

Background Virtual reality surgical simulators provide a safe environment for trainees to practice specific surgical scenarios and allow for self-guided learning. Artificial intelligence technology, including artificial neural networks, offers the potential to manipulate large datasets from simulators to gain insight into the importance of specific performance metrics during simulated operative tasks. Objective To distinguish performance in a virtual reality-simulated anterior cervical discectomy scenario, uncover novel performance metrics, and gain insight into the relative importance of each metric using artificial neural networks. Methods Twenty-one participants performed a simulated anterior cervical discectomy on the novel virtual reality Sim-Ortho simulator. Participants were divided into 3 groups, including 9 post-resident, 5 senior, and 7 junior participants. This study focused on the discectomy portion of the task. Data were recorded and manipulated to calculate metrics of performance for each participant. Neural networks were trained and tested and the relative importance of each metric was calculated. Results A total of 369 metrics spanning 4 categories (safety, efficiency, motion, and cognition) were generated. An artificial neural network was trained on 16 selected metrics and tested, achieving a training accuracy of 100% and a testing accuracy of 83.3%. Network analysis identified safety metrics, including the number of contacts on spinal dura, as highly important. Conclusion Artificial neural networks classified 3 groups of participants based on expertise allowing insight into the relative importance of specific metrics of performance. This novel methodology aids in the understanding of which components of surgical performance predominantly contribute to expertise.

The methodology of assessment and training of surgical skills is evolving to deal with the emergence of competency-based training. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), a branch of artificial intelligence, can use newly generated metrics not only for assessment performance but also to quantitate individual metric importance and provide new insights into surgical expertise.To outline the educational utility of using an ANN in the assessment and quantitation of surgical expertise. A virtual reality vertebral osteophyte removal during a simulated surgical spine procedure is used as a model to outline this methodology.Twenty-one participants performed a simulated anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion on the Sim-Ortho virtual reality simulator. Participants were divided into 3 groups, including 9 postresidents, 5 senior residents, and 7 junior residents. Data were retrieved from the osteophyte removal component of the scenario, which involved using a simulated burr. The data were manipulated to initially generate 83 performance metrics spanning 3 categories (safety, efficiency, and motion) of which only the most relevant metrics were used to train and test the ANN.The ANN model was trained on 6 safety metrics to a testing accuracy of 83.3%. The contributions of these performance metrics to expertise were revealed through connection weight products and outlined 2 identifiable learning patterns of technical skills.This study outlines the potential utility of ANNs which allows a deeper understanding of the composites of surgical expertise and may contribute to the paradigm shift toward competency-based surgical training.

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are a rich source of herbal oil, proteins, minerals, vitamins, fibers, essential amino acids, as well as bioactive compounds, and are thus widely used for human nutrition and animal feed, and for prevention from certain diseases. However, the in vitro regeneration response of the species is generally low, and it also displays a significant variability among its varieties. Thus, the development of advanced protocols and approaches for the in vitro propagation of peanut is still of immense importance. A recently developed in vitro propagation technique, TIS; Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System, provides a new approach for the mass propagation of plants. Accordingly, the present study provides an efficient de novo regeneration protocol for Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Virginia by using a TIS. Different concentrations of cytokinins, i.e., benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ), were tested with several combinations of dry and medium immersion periods of TIS, corresponding to a total of 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 36, 48, 64, 72, and 96 min daily immersions for the induction of direct organogenesis. The study exhibited that an MS medium added to 110 µM BA or 10 µM TDZ are the most appropriate medium formulations in TIS, when applied for 16 min every 16 h. The application of optimized procedures to cv. NC7 and two valuable Turkish autochthonous varieties, 7 × 77 and Com74, is also reported. To the best of our knowledge, the present study draws attention also for being the first study in which a TIS was used for peanuts. © 2022 by the authors. WOS:000902524000001 Q1

Concerns about the safety of anesthetic agents in children arose after animal studies revealed disruptions in neurodevelopment after exposure to commonly used anesthetic drugs. These animal studies revealed that volatile inhalational agents, propofol, ketamine, and thiopental may have detrimental effects on neurodevelopment and cognitive function, but dexmedetomidine and xenon have been shown to have neuroprotective properties. The neurocognitive effects of benzodiazepines have not been extensively studied, so their effects on neurodevelopment are undetermined. However, experimental animal models may not truly represent the pathophysiological processes in children. Multiple landmark studies, including the MASK, PANDA, and GAS studies have provided reassurance that brief exposure to anesthesia is not associated with adverse neurocognitive outcomes in infants and children, regardless of the type of anesthetic agent used.

For the last four decades, the journey of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) biology has been still proceeding with great interest. lncRNAs can exert their functions in diverse biological processes, including development, genomic imprinting, cell differentiation, chromatin remodelling, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, regulation of protein re-localization, and cell cycle and can play important roles at transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene regulation. Moreover, emerging evidences indicated that lncRNAs play significant roles in response to biotic and abiotic stress in plants. In this chapter, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in biotic and abiotic stress mechanisms of cereal crops, including wheat, maize, rice, and barley.

The Liza Phase 2 Project combines a novel execution approach and forward-looking technology components to develop more complex areas of the Liza resource. The project delivers technology to optimize resource development through efficient Subsea, Umbilicals, Risers, and Flowlines (SURF) equipment designs and digital elements to enable future capabilities, such as a fiber optic cable to shore. For a new approach to Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) delivery, the project is partnering with SBM for the first ever use of their Fast4Ward® concept.The SBM Fast4Ward® program utilizes the Multi-Purpose Floater (MPF) hull design and provides the benefits of a new build FPSO with a reduced project development time similar to that of conversions. With almost double the SURF infrastructure as Liza Phase 1, Liza Phase 2 uses learnings and standardized SURF architecture to deliver one of the industry's largest subsea developments. Establishment of win-win partnerships with the primary contractors to achieve best overall value and strategic use of part number duplication contribute to the overall success.Based on the work of ExxonMobil proprietary reservoir modelling, infrastructure is being installed to enable Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection for the complex development while a subsea fiber optic cable enables data to shore for optimized reservoir management and advanced facilities surveillance.The project is on track to deliver ~2 years after first oil was achieved for Liza Phase 1 by building on design replication and common methodologies where possible. Through thoughtful application of standardization, learnings, and incorporation of new technologies, the project efficiently delivers advanced capabilities to the Liza field. This also enables a "Design One, Build Multiple" (D1BM) approach for future developments in Guyana.

Balancing post-operative adequate pain control, respiratory depression, and return of bowel function can be particularly challenging in infants receiving the Kasai procedure (hepatoportoenterostomy). We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent the Kasai procedure from a single surgeon at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta from 1 January 2018, to 1 September 2022. 12 patients received the Kasai procedure within the study period. Average weight was 4.47 kg and average age was 7.4 weeks. Most patients received multimodal pain management including dexmedetomidine and/or ketorolac along with intravenous opioids. A balance of colloid and crystalloids were used for all patients; 57% received blood products as well. All patients were extubated in the OR and transferred to the general surgical floor without complications. Return of bowel function occurred in all patients by POD2, and enteral feeds were started by POD3. One patient had a presumed opioid overdose while admitted requiring a rapid response and brief oxygen supplementation. Simultaneously optimizing pain control, respiratory safety, and bowel function is possible in infants receiving the Kasai procedure. Based on our experience and the current pediatric literature, we propose an enhanced recovery protocol to improve patient outcomes in this fragile population. Larger, prospective studies implementing an enhanced recovery protocol in the Kasai population are required for stronger evidence and recommendations.

The presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in feed may increase intestinal barrier permeability. Disturbance of the intestinal barrier integrity may affect the absorption of antibiotics used in animals. Since the bioavailability of orally administered antibiotics significantly affects their efficacy and safety, it was decided to evaluate how DON influences the absorption of the most commonly used antibiotics in pigs, i.e., amoxicillin (AMX) and doxycycline (DOX). The studies were conducted using jejunal explants from adult pigs. Explants were incubated in Ussing chambers, in which a buffer containing DON (30 µg/mL), AMX (50 µg/mL), DOX (30 µg/mL), a combination of AMX + DON, or a combination of DOX + DON was used. Changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), the flux of transcellular and intracellular transport markers, and the flux of antibiotics across explants were measured. DON increased the permeability of small intestine explants, expressed by a reduction in TEER and an intensification of transcellular marker transport. DON did not affect AMX transport, but it accelerated DOX transport by approximately five times. The results suggest that DON inhibits the efflux transport of DOX to the intestinal lumen, and thus significantly changes its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.