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Inicialmente, gostaríamos de agradecer o espaço cedido pela Revista Clínica de Ortodontia Dental Press, na pessoa de seu Editor Chefe, Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida, para que pudéssemos apresentar a nossa avaliação crítica à metodologia empregada no artigo publicado no volume 18, número 6, da mencionada revista, intitulado “Efeitos inesperados dos contensores 3x3 modificados no desencadeamento da vestibularização e recessão gengival nos incisivos inferiores”, bem como às conclusões que foram relatadas nesse trabalho.

Protein-protein interaction is a common physiological mechanism for protection and actions of proteins in an organism. The identification and characterization of protein-protein interactions in different organisms is necessary to better understand their physiology and to determine their efficacy. In a previous in vitro study using mass spectrometry, we identified 43 proteins that interact with histatin 1. Six previously documented interactors were confirmed and 37 novel partners were identified. In this tutorial, we aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of the STRING database for studying protein-protein interactions. We used an in-silico approach along with the STRING database (http://string-db.org/) and successfully performed a fast simulation of a novel constructed histatin 1 protein-protein network, including both the previously known and the predicted interactors, along with our newly identified interactors. Our study highlights the advantages and importance of applying bioinformatics tools to merge in-silico tactics with experimental in vitro findings for rapid advancement of our knowledge about protein-protein interactions. Our findings also indicate that bioinformatics tools such as the STRING protein network database can help predict potential interactions between proteins and thus serve as a guide for future steps in our exploration of the Human Interactome.Our study highlights the usefulness of the STRING protein database for studying protein-protein interactions. The STRING database can collect and integrate data about known and predicted protein-protein associations from many organisms, including both direct (physical) and indirect (functional) interactions, in an easy-to-use interface.

Cutaneous fungal infections include onychomycosis, an infection of the nail that affects both healthy and immunocompromised patients. This study investigated the in vitro hydrolytic enzymes production, adhesion and biofilm formation capacity of Candida parapsilosis complex species and Kodamaea ohmeri isolates from onychomycoses of HIV/AIDS patients and also established the antifungal sensitivity profiles of these isolates. Onychomycosis in HIV/AIDS patients showed a high prevalence of emerging yeasts, among which C. parapsilosis complex species and K. ohmeri were the most frequent. Three C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and two C. orthopsilosis isolates were resistant to amphotericin B and 83% of isolates were resistant to terbinafine. All three different species evaluated were proteinase and hemolysin producers. All isolates adhered to stainless steel and siliconized latex surfaces, and carbohydrates intensified adhesion of all isolates. Isolates adhered to keratinous nail and 50% formed biofilms with strong intensity. In multispecies or polymicrobial biofilms, C. albicans and Staphylococcus aureus regulated the biofilm formation of the analyzed species, decreasing the number of their cells in biofilms. The isolation of emerging yeast species from onychomycosis which are great producers of hydrolytic enzymes and with high adhesion and biofilm formation capacity is a result that should be considered relevant in clinical practice. In addition, half of the isolates was resistant to at least one of the tested antifungals. Taken together these data corroborate the infectious capacity and viability of these isolates under favorable conditions.

Monitoring of blood glucose is an invasive, painful and costly practice in diabetes. Consequently, the search for a more cost-effective (reagent-free), non-invasive and specific diabetes monitoring method is of great interest. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been used in diagnosis of several diseases, however, applications in the monitoring of diabetic treatment are just beginning to emerge. Here, we used ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate saliva of non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (D) and insulin-treated diabetic (D+I) rats to identify potential salivary biomarkers related to glucose monitoring. The spectrum of saliva of ND, D and D+I rats displayed several unique vibrational modes and from these, two vibrational modes were pre-validated as potential diagnostic biomarkers by ROC curve analysis with significant correlation with glycemia. Compared to the ND and D+I rats, classification of D rats was achieved with a sensitivity of 100%, and an average specificity of 93.33% and 100% using bands 1452 cm-1 and 836 cm-1, respectively. Moreover, 1452 cm-1 and 836 cm-1 spectral bands proved to be robust spectral biomarkers and highly correlated with glycemia (R2 of 0.801 and 0.788, P < 0.01, respectively). Both PCA-LDA and HCA classifications achieved an accuracy of 95.2%. Spectral salivary biomarkers discovered using univariate and multivariate analysis may provide a novel robust alternative for diabetes monitoring using a non-invasive and green technology.

Background This scoping review addressed the question ‘what do we know about stress-related changes in saliva and dental caries in general population?’ Methods The review was conducted using electronic searches via Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and WoS. All published human studies with both observational and experimental designs were included. Two reviewers independently reviewed eligible articles and extracted the data. The studies’ quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Results Our search identified 232 reports, of which six were included in this review. All six studies were conducted in children and used salivary cortisol as stress marker. The studies varied by design, types of stressors, children’s caries experience, methods of saliva collection. Four studies reported a positive association between saliva cortisol levels and caries (p 0.05). The quality of the included studies was weak to moderate. Conclusions There is lack of evidence about an association between stress-related changes in saliva and caries. Well-designed longitudinal studies with rigorous measurement technics for stress, saliva and dental caries are necessary. This will help to generate new insights into the multifactorial etiology of caries and provide evidence for a rational method for its control.

OBJETIVO: o objetivo do presente estudo cefalométrico retrospectivo consistiu em investigar os efeitos induzidos pelo aparelho Herbst, complementados pela mecânica ortodôntica com aparelho Straight wire e elásticos de Classe II, na correção da má oclusão Classe II, divisão 1, Padrão II, com deficiência mandibular, na dentadura permanente. METODOLOGIA: foram traçadas telerradiografias iniciais (idade média de 12 anos e 10 meses) e finais (idade média de 14 anos e 8 meses) de 18 pacientes, 12 meninos e 6 meninas, para quantificar o comportamento de 12 grandezas cefalométricas representativas da posição sagital das bases apicais, convexidade facial, rotação mandibular e posição sagital dos incisivos superiores e inferiores. O tempo médio de tratamento foi de 22,5 meses, sendo 9,8 meses com o aparelho Herbst e 13 meses com a mecânica ortodôntica subseqüente. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: os resultados registraram: 1) ausência de influência no comportamento da maxila; 2) avanço mandibular; 3) redução na convexidade facial; 4) preservação da inclinação do plano mandibular e 5) presença de compensação dentária, sobretudo nos incisivos inferiores (vestibularização). Reitera-se, portanto, o fato de que, mesmo com aparelho ortopédico fixo, é mais previsível e mais fácil obter compensação dentária do que remodelação esquelética na correção ortopédica da deficiência mandibular. AIM: The purpose of the current cephalometric study was to investigate the effects induced by the Herbst appliance followed by fixed orthodontic Straight wire mechanics and Class I elastics to correct a Class II division 1 malocclusion with a mandibular deficiency in the permanent dentition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Initial (mean age of 12 years and 10 months) and final (mean age of 14 years and 8 months) cephalometric radiographs of 12 boys and 6 girls were traced to measure 12 cephalometric measurements that represented the sagittal position of the apical bases, facial convexity, mandibular rotation and sagittal position of the upper and lower incisors. Mean treatment time was 22.5 months, with 9.8 months using the Herbst appliance and 13 months with the fixed orthodontic mechanics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results showed: 1) no influence in the maxilla; 2) mandibular advancement; 3) reduction on the facial convexity; 4) maintenance of the mandibular plane inclination; 5) dental compensation mainly in the lower incisors (buccal tipping). Therefore, even with the Herbst fixed appliance it is more predictable and easy to obtain dental compensation than skeletal remodelling in the orthopedic correction of the mandibular deficiency.