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The numerous ship accidents at sea have usually resulted in tremendous loss and casualties. To prevent such disastrous accidents, a comprehensive investigation into reliable prediction of seakeeping performance of a ship is necessarily required. This paper presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on seakeeping performance of a training ship (full scale model) quantified through a Response of Amplitude Operators (RAO) for heave and pitch motions. The effects of wavelengths, wave directions and ship forward velocities have been accordingly taken into account. In general, the results revealed that the shorter wavelengths (l/L ? 1.0) have insignificant effect to the heave and pitch motions performance of the training ship, which means that the ship has good seakeeping behavior. However, the further increase of wavelength was proportional with the increase of RAO for her heave and pitch motions; whilst it may lead to degrade her seakeeping quality. In addition, the vertical motions behavior in the following-seas dealt with higher RAO as compared with case of the head-seas condition. Similarly, the subsequent increase of the ship forward velocity was prone to relatively increase of the RAO for her heave and pitch motions especially at l/L ? 2.0. It was merely concluded that this seakeeping prediction using CFD approach provides useful outcomes in the preliminary design stage for safety assessment of the training ship navigation during sailing.

Ship berthing is a complicated manoeuvring process that demands precise control of the speed and course of an under-actuated system. As berthing involves low speed running of a ship under environmental disturbances with reduced manoeuvrability, a professional ship handler often faces difficulties in controlling heading in such a situation. To bring automation in ship berthing, most of the researchers have agreed that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) plays a vital role as it has the ability to learn from human experience and replicate similar action in an unknown situation. However, we are still far away from implementing it for real berthing control as we do not have any self-fulfilling ANN controller yet, which can treat all the major issues relevant to a complicated ship berthing operation. Based on contemporary research findings, this paper, therefore, highlights four major challenges that have to be taken into account while proposing an ANN controller for ship berthing, and a comprehensive summary of how to deal with those. The first is how to provide consistent teaching data while training ANN controller to make it more robust; second is how to make the controller universal to do berthing in any port; third is how to tackle the wind disturbances while automation in progress; and the fourth is how to align a ship to the pier, which is the final stage of berthing.

An experiment study of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of two rigid cylinders equipped with and without helical strakes (pitch of 10.0D and height of 0.15D) in a tandem configuration was investigated at a critical spacing distance of 3.5D. Here, the cylinders were attached to a structural test rig, which would allow them to oscillate in the cross-flow direction only. The oscillation amplitude and frequency data were collected. Accordingly, the results revealed that in the case of the two bare cylinders, the amplitude response of the upstream cylinder was higher compared to the case of single cylinder usage. Furthermore, outcomes obtained confirmed that the helical strakes successfully reduced the oscillation amplitude for the upstream and downstream cylinders both, whereas they were ineffective if merely applied at the downstream cylinder. Hence, it can be concluded that the arrangement of the strakes influences the VIV suppression in the context of two-cylinder cases.

Knowledge can be conveyed to younger generations through education. The education system must deliver world class excellence to produce proficient learners. Through Education many skills can be cultivated to learners. One of the skills needed to be nurtured for learners is scientific reasoning skill. Scientific reasoning skill aids learners to comprehend the concept of science deeper and meaningful. Scientific reasoning skill can be developed in individuals along their age. Students’ performance in science can be elevated by fostering scientific reasoning skill among them. But does gender have any influences in developing scientific reasoning skill. This paper aims to investigate the significance of gender in scientific reasoning skill among Malaysian students in various age group. A quantitative research method has been used to explore students’ scientific reasoning skill. Students aged from eleven to sixteen involve in this study. 499 students from the district of Kluang were chosen randomly to determine the significant of gender in scientific reasoning skill. Lawson Scientific Reasoning Test was used as instrument in this study to measure students’ scientific reasoning skill. The data obtained from the respondents were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20.0. Analysis of t-test was used to generate the results. Based on the results it was revealed gender differences does not have any significant in scientific reasoning skill. The findings indicate that scientific reasoning skill needs to be improved in both genders. Future researches can be carried out to explore findings of this study and suggestions to improve scientific reasoning skill among Malaysian students in general regardless of gender.

Many areas in chemistry are interconnected to one another, through which understanding of one area will lead to the comprehension of the other areas. Science, chemistry specifically is an observable field of study. As such, students gain experience in chemistry not only when taught in their classes by their teachers, but also by observations through interaction with their environment. If these experiences are not in line with the scientific truth about a certain concept, they turn to build misconceptions when the new experience is introduced to them. Acid-base chemistry is one of the areas of chemistry that was endowed with a lot of misconceptions. This study determines the conciseness and effectiveness of interactive courseware in overcoming misconceptions in learning acid-based chemistry. Most of the misconceptions generated were been intensified by the instructional strategies, teaching and learning materials used by the teachers. To overcome these misconceptions in acid-base chemistry, the study selected an effective teaching strategy using Needham five phases. It has also gone ahead to develop teaching and learning interactive courseware that will facilitate instructional delivery and overcome those areas of misconceptions in acid-base chemistry. A survey was developed and administered to in-service chemistry teachers of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and the Sokoto State University of Nigeria. The result obtained indicated that interactive courseware can be concise and effective in overcoming misconception in learning chemistry. It concluded that chemistry teachers should invest in developing courseware to facilitate an understanding of difficult concepts in the subject matter.

Interactive simulation in automotive driving has enhanced the studies of driver behaviors, traffic control, and vehicle dynamics. The development of virtual reality (VR) technology leads to low cost, yet high fidelity, driving simulator become technically feasible. However, a good implementation of high realism and real-time interactive three-dimensional (3D) virtual environment (VE) in an automotive driving simulation are facing many technical challenges such as accessibility, dissimilarity, scalability, and sufficiency. The objective of this paper is to construct a virtual reality system for an automotive driving simulator. The technology with variations of terrain, roadway, buildings, and greenery was studied and developed in the VE of the simulator. Several important technical solutions in the construction of VE for driving simulation had been identified. Finally, the virtual reality system was interactively used in a driver-in-loop simulation for providing direct road elevation inputs to the analysis of vehicle dynamics model (VDM). The results indicated identical matching between the VDM inputs and the VE outputs. The outcomes of this paper lead to a human-in-the-loop foundation of a low-cost automotive driving simulator in the vehicle engineering research.

These days, humans have been witnessing related technological and social development, by means of which mobile technologies and Internet yield global access to information with mobility of knowledge. Mobile learning platforms are designed based on electronic learning (e-learning) and mobility. It is regarded as a useful way to enhance the learning process. Sakai as a mobile learning platform, design intentions are to be adaptable to any educational purposes, within or outside the institution, dependent on the provision of effectiveness in classroom instruction based on the learning style of the students, extensible in the cultivation of thinking skills in the learner, and efficient in communicating and exchanging data among its enrolled classroom members and other online platforms. This study employed a systematic review of related literature to investigate the predominant research methodology adopted by various scholars to assess necessary factors concerning mobile learning platform. Fifteen articles are selected based on established criteria. The findings indicated that most of the researchers used quantitative research methodology in investigating the effectiveness and concern variable of mobile learning. Also find out is that most of the outcome of the studies include, achievement, perception, pedagogy, motivation and mobile learning platform as a form of educational technology.