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1. Long-term persistence of HCV resistance-associated substitutions after DAA treatment failure

Author

Julia Dietz, Beat Müllhaupt, Peter Buggisch, Christiana Graf, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Katrin Matschenz, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Christoph Antoni, Stefan Mauss, Claus Niederau, Thomas Discher, Janina Trauth, Georg Dultz, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Felix Piecha, Hartwig Klinker, Tobias Müller, Thomas Berg, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Christoph P. Berg, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Sarrazin, J. Balavoine, E. Giostra, M. Berning, J. Hampe, A. Canbay, W. Steckstor, W. Schmiegel, N.H. Brockmeyer, A. De Gottardi, A. Rauch, N. Semmo, J. Fischer, M. Gress, H. Heinzow, G. Hilgard, H. Schmidt, A. Herrmann, A. Stallmach, D. Hoffmann, U. Protzer, H. Klinker, P. Schulze, A. Kodal, A. Kremer, J. Siebler, M. Löbermann, T. Götze, J. Weigt, A. Lohse, J. Von Felden, S. Jordan, C.M. Lange, R. Zachoval, J. Mayerle, A. Maieron, D. Moradpour, J.-P. Chave, C. Moreno, M. Muche, H.-J. Epple, M. Müller-Schilling, F. Kocheise, B. Müllhaupt, K. Port, K. Deterding, H. Wedemeyer, M. Cornberg, M. Manns, L. Reinhardt, V. Ellenrieder, J. Rissland, D. Semela, U. Spengler, J. Rockstroh, E. Roeb, M. Sprinzl, P. Galle, R. Stauber, W. Stremmel, B. Strey, R. Thimme, T. Boettler, F. Tacke, A. Teufel, R. Vogelmann, M. Ebert, K. Tomasiewicz, C. Trautwein, T. Koenen, T. Weber, P. Wietzke-Braun, R. Günther, E. Zizer, J. Backhus, T. Seufferlein, W. Angeli, S. Beckebaum, C. Doberauer, E. Durmashkina, A. Hackelsberger, A. Erhardt, A. Garrido-Lüneburg, H. Gattringer, D. Genné, M. Gschwantler, F. Gundling, S. Hametner, R. Schöfl, C. Hartmann, T. Heyer, C. Hirschi, A. Jussios, S. Kanzler, N. Kordecki, M. Kraus, U. Kullig, S. Wollschläger, L. Magenta, B. Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, M. Menges, L. Mohr, K. Muehlenberg, C. Niederau, B. Paulweber, A. Petrides, M. Pinkernell, R. Piso, W. Rambach, M. Reiser, B. Riecken, A. Rieke, J. Roth, M. Schelling, P. Schlee, A. Schneider, D. Scholz, E. Schott, M. Schuchmann, U. Schulten-Baumer, A. Seelhoff, A. Stich, F. Stickel, J. Ungemach, E. Walter, A. Weber, T. Winzer, W. Abels, M. Adler, F. Audebert, C. Baermann, E. Bästlein, R. Barth, K. Barthel, W. Becker, J. Behrends, J. Benninger, F. Berger, D. Berzow, T. Beyer, M. Bierbaum, O. Blaukat, A. Bodtländer, G. Böhm, N. Börner, U. Bohr, B. Bokemeyer, H.R. Bruch, D. Bucholz, O. Burkhard, N. Busch, C. Chirca, R. Delker, J. Diedrich, M. Frank, M. Diehl, A. Dienethal, P. Dietel, N. Dikopoulos, M. Dreck, F. Dreher, L. Drude, K. Ende, U. Ehrle, K. Baumgartl, F. Emke, R. Glosemeyer, G. Felten, D. Hüppe, U. Fischer, D. Frederking, B. Frick, G. Friese, B. Gantke, P. Geyer, H.R. Schwind, M. Glas, T. Glaunsinger, F. Goebel, U. Göbel, B. Görlitz, R. Graf, H. Gruber, G. Härter, M. Herder, T. Heuchel, S. Heuer, K.-H. Höffl, H. Hörster, J.-U. Sonne, W.P. Hofmann, F. Holst, M. Hunstiger, A. Hurst, E. Jägel-Guedes, C. John, M. Jung, B. Kallinowski, B. Kapzan, W. Kerzel, P. Khaykin, M. Klarhof, U. Klüppelberg, null Wolfratshausen, K. Klugewitz, B. Knapp, U. Knevels, T. Kochsiek, A. Körfer, A. Köster, M. Kuhn, A. Langekamp, B. Künzig, R. Link, M. Littman, H. Löhr, T. Lutz, G. Knecht, U. Lutz, D. Mainz, I. Mahle, P. Maurer, C. Mayer, V. Meister, H. Möller, R. Heyne, D. Moritzen, M. Mroß, M. Mundlos, U. Naumann, O. Nehls, K.R. Ningel, A. Oelmann, H. Olejnik, K. Gadow, E. Pascher, J. Petersen, A. Philipp, M. Pichler, F. Polzien, R. Raddant, M. Riedel, S. Rietzler, M. Rössle, W. Rufle, A. Rump, C. Schewe, C. Hoffmann, D. Schleehauf, W. Schmidt, G. Schmidt-Heinevetter, J. Schmidtler-von Fabris, L. Schneider, A. Schober, S. Niehaus-Hahn, J. Schwenzer, B. Seegers, T. Seidel, G. Seitel, C. Sick, K. Simon, D. Stähler, F. Stenschke, H. Steffens, K. Stein, M. Steinmüller, T. Sternfeld, K. Svensson, W. Tacke, G. Teuber, K. Teubner, J. Thieringer, A. Tomesch, U. Trappe, J. Ullrich, G. Urban, S. Usadel, A. Von Lucadou, F. Weinberger, M. Werheid-Dobers, P. Werner, T. Winter, E. Zehnter, and A. Zipf

Subjects
Hepatology, Genotype, Drug Resistance, Viral, Humans, Hepacivirus, Treatment Failure, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Antiviral Agents
Abstract

Data on the long-term persistence of HCV resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are limited. This study evaluated the persistence of NS3, NS5A, and NS5B RASs for up to 5 years after the end of treatment (EOT).We included samples from 678 individuals with an HCV genotype (GT) 1 or 3 infection and virologic DAA treatment failure collected in the European Resistance Database. NS3, NS5A, and NS5B were sequenced, and clinical parameters were evaluated.A total of 242 individuals with HCV GT1a (36%), 237 with GT1b (35%), and 199 (29%) with GT3 and a DAA failure were included. After protease inhibitor failure, the frequencies of NS3 RASs were 40-90% after the EOT. NS3 RASs disappeared rapidly in GT1b and GT3 after follow-up month 3 but were stable (≥60%) in GT1a owing to Q80K. The SOF-resistant NS5B RAS S282T was only found in individuals with GT3a. Non-nucleoside NS5B RASs were frequent in GT1 (56-80%) and decreased to 30% in GT1a but persisted in GT1b. NS5A RASs were very common in all GTs after NS5A inhibitor failure (88-95%), and even after follow-up month 24, their frequency was 65% and higher. However, RASs in GT1b had a stable course, whereas RASs in GT1a and GT3 declined slightly after follow-up month 24 (GT1a, 68%; GT1b, 95%; and GT3, 65%), mainly because of the slow decline of high-level resistant Y93H.We found that low-to medium-level RASs persisted, whereas high-level resistant RASs disappeared over time. Different patterns of RAS persistence according to HCV subtype could have implications for retreatment with first-generation DAAs and for global HCV elimination goals.There are little data on the long-term persistence of HCV resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) after DAA treatment failure, and RASs could have an impact on the efficacy of a rescue treatment. Especially in countries with limited availability of VOX/VEL/SOF or G/P/SOF, different patterns of RAS persistence could have implications for retreatment with first-generation DAAs and for global HCV elimination goals. The different patterns of RAS persistence identified in this study can be used to derive general rules regarding the persistence of RASs after DAA failure that could be applied by physicians in less developed countries to plan individualized HCV retreatment.

Published
2022

2. Operational experience of the Belle II pixel detector

Author

B. Wang, F. Abudinen, K. Ackermann, P. Ahlburg, M. Albalawi, O. Alonso, L. Andricek, R. Ayad, V. Babu, A. Baur, F. Bernlochner, T. Bilka, A. Bolz, A. Bozek, C. Camien, A. Caldwell, L. Cao, V. Chekelian, A. Dieguez, J. Dingfelder, Z. Doležal, M. Fras, A. Frey, M. Gabriel, K. Gadow, T. Gessler, G. Giakoustidis, L. Gioi, D. Greenwald, M. Heck, M. Hensel, M. Hoek, S. Huber, J. Kandra, P. Kapusta, R. Karl, J. Kehl, C. Kiesling, B. Kisielewski, D. Kittlinger, D. Klose, P. Kodyš, C. Koffmane, I. Konorov, S. Krivokuca, T. Kuhr, S. Kurz, P. Kvasnička, J.S. Lange, K. Lautenbach, U. Leis, P. Leitl, D. Levit, G. Liemann, Q. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Lück, C. Mariñas, S. Mccarney, H.G. Moser, D. Moya, F.J. Müller, F. Müller, C. Niebuhr, J. Ninkovic, B. Paschen, S. Paul, I. Peric, D. Pitzl, A. Rabusov, M. Reif, S.P. Reiter, R. Richter, M. Ritter, M. Ritzert, J.G. Sanchez, B. Scavino, G. Schaller, J. Schmitz, M. Schnecke, F. Schopper, H. Schreeck, B. Schwenker, M. Schwickardi, R. Sedlmeyer, C. Sfienti, F. Simon, S. Skambraks, J. Skorupa, Y. Soloviev, B. Spruck, S. Stefkova, R. Stever, E. Tafelmayer, M. Takahashi, I. Vila, A.L. Virto, S. Vogt, C. Wang, P. Wieduwilt, H. Windel, H. Ye, J. Zhao, R. Žlebčík, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), and National Natural Science Foundation of China

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaboration: et al., The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB accelerator has started its physics data taking with the full detector setup in March 2019. It aims to collect 40 times more e+ e- collision data compared with its predecessor Belle experiment. The Belle II pixel detector (PXD) is based on the Depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) technology. The PXD plays an important role in the tracking and vertexing of the Belle II detector. Its two layers are arranged at radii of 14 mm and 22 mm around the interaction point. The sensors are thinned down to 75 m to minimize multiple scattering, and each module has interconnects and ASICs integrated on the sensor with silicon frames for mechanical support. PXD showed good performance during data taking. It also faces several operational challenges due to the high background level from the SuperKEKB accelerator, such as the damage from beam loss events, the drift in the HV working point due to radiation effect, and the impact of the high background., This work is supported by MEXT, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); MSMT, GAUK 404316 (Czech Republic), MSCA-RISE project JENNIFER-2 (EU grant 822070); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany); CIDEGENT/2018/020 of Generalitat Valenciana (Spain); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11435013); and research grants S-1440-0321, S-0256-1438, and S-0280-1439 (University of Tabuk, KSA, Saudi Arabia ).

Published
2022

3. Operational Experience and Performance of the Belle II Pixel Detector

Author

V. Babu, P. Gomis, E. Tafelmayer, S. Stefkova, A. Frey, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, Michael Ritzert, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, C. Niebuhr, Melissa K. Takahashi, U. Gebauer, Jelena Ninkovic, P. Ahlburg, H. Windel, G. Giakoustidis, F. Müller, B. Paschen, H. G. Moser, F. Mueller, S. Skambraks, Angel Dieguez, V. Chekelian, C. Koffmane, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, Tomasz Hemperek, Marcel Vos, S. Reiter, Gerhard Liemann, I. Konorov, A. Rabusov, R. Ayad, D. Klose, S. Krivokuca, Y. Soloviev, T. Kuhr, AL Virto, Thomas Lück, Ivan Vila, Benjamin Schwenker, H. Ye, M. Albalawi, Peter Kvasnicka, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, J. Zhao, Concettina Sfienti, Jakub Kandra, P. Wieduwilt, B. Deschamps, Oscar Alonso, Gerhard Schaller, R. Sedlmeyer, Frank Simon, Hans Krüger, M. Gabriel, Thomas Gessler, S. Vogt, S. Huber, C. Kiesling, C. Wessel, D. Kittlinger, M. Fras, Q. Y. Liu, Z. Doležal, B. Spruck, C. Praz, U. Leis, Peter Kodys, M. Heck, P. Kapusta, J. Sanchez, A. Bozek, M. Hensel, R. Richter, Carlos Marinas, R. Stever, C. Camien, L. Macharski, M. Schnecke, S. Mccarney, A. Glazov, M. Hoek, H. Schreeck, F. Abudinen, T. Bilka, F. Poblotzki, K. Lautenbach, J. S. Lange, Ladislav Andricek, Norbert Wermes, Daniel Greenwald, C. H. Wang, L. Gioi, U. Stolzenberg, Allen Caldwell, B. Kisielewski, F. Lütticke, Zhiyong Liu, Soumen Paul, D. Moya, and B. Scavino

Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, business.industry, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, 010306 general physics, business, 01 natural sciences, Pixel detector
Abstract

Proceedings of the 29th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX2020), Tsukuba, Japan (Online); Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 34, 010002 (2021). doi:10.7566/JPSCP.34.010002, The Belle II experiment at the super KEK B factory (SuperKEKB) started its physics operation with the full detector setup in March 2019, and it aims at collecting 50 ab$^{���1}$ of $e^+e^���$ collision data. The vertex detector (VXD) of Belle II contains a 4-layer silicon vertex detector (SVD) using double sided silicon strips and an inner 2-layer pixel detector (PXD) that is based on the depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) technology. The signal generation and amplification are combined in pixels with a minimum pitch of 55 �� 50 ��m$^2$. The sensors are thinned down to 75 ��m, and each module has interconnects and ASICs integrated on the sensor with silicon frames for mechanical support. This approach led to a material budget of around 0.21% X$_0$ per layer including the cooling structure in the acceptance region. The PXD has an integration time of around 20 ��s, a signal-to-noise ratio of around 50 and a detecting efficiency of better than 99%. Its two layers are arranged at the radii of 14 and 22 mm around the interaction point, and an impact parameter resolution of better than 15 ��m has been achieved. Due to its close proximity to the beam line and its sensitivity to few-keV photons, the PXD also plays an important role in background studies., Published by The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo

Published
2021

4. The Belle II vertex detector integration

Author

H. Windel, V. Babu, S. Skambraks, P. Mammini, Ti. Baroncelli, M. Kaleta, C. Koffmane, M. Hensel, G. Batignani, J. Stypula, Prafulla Kumar Behera, V. Chekelian, C. La Licata, C. Wessel, H. Aihara, D. Münchow, F. Müller, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, F. Abudinen, AL Virto, F. Mueller, Oscar Alonso, R. Thalmeier, D. Klose, I. J. Watson, Soumen Paul, U. Packheiser, M. Ceccanti, N. Sato, Dipak Kumar Sahoo, D. Moya, B. Scavino, M. Fras, K. K. Rao, Takeo Higuchi, R. Richter, M. Albalawi, K. Nakamura, T. Kohriki, L. Zani, S. N. Mayekar, Svd Collaborations, Jakub Kandra, K. Prasanth, L. Macharski, S. Bacher, T. Morii, S. Bettarini, Jelena Ninkovic, Michael Ritzert, L. Bosisio, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, Markus Friedl, D. Esperante, Ladislav Andricek, C. Kiesling, M. Boronat, H. Park, A. Bozek, Satoshi Tanaka, Tariq Aziz, Concettina Sfienti, C. W. Joo, R. Ayad, Seema Bahinipati, F. Lütticke, M. De Nuccio, U. Gebauer, Benjamin Schwenker, Zhiyong Liu, Steven Williams, Z. Natkaniec, Norbert Wermes, Carlos Marinas, B. Bhuyan, C. Schwanda, Shih-Chang Lee, T. Kuhr, G. Rizzo, W. Ostrowicz, S. Krivokuca, Frank Simon, B. Paschen, Maiko Takahashi, S. Vogt, H. G. Moser, R. Stever, Angel Dieguez, L. Gioi, F. Buchsteiner, Gerhard Schaller, H. Tanigawa, M. Gabriel, M. Hoek, A. Paladino, Rakesh Kumar, Gerhard Liemann, D. Getzkow, Peter Kvasnicka, B. Spruck, J.A.M. Grimaldo, Y. Onuki, K. H. Kang, T. Lueck, F. Poblotzki, S. Mccarney, P. K. Resmi, S. Schultschik, B. Gobbo, K. Lalwani, S. Rummel, D. Kittlinger, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, Allen Caldwell, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, Gagan Bihari Mohanty, To. Baroncelli, Keigo Hara, E. L. Barberio, F. Forti, L. Germic, U. Leis, A. Profeti, Tomasz Hemperek, S. Koike, B. Kisielewski, Marcel Vos, Peter Kodys, A. Bauer, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, Ilya Komarov, Giulia Casarosa, H. Yin, Y. Soloviev, Jae-Young Lee, J. Fuster, Thomas Gessler, H. Schreeck, Phillip Urquijo, A. Martini, E. Paoloni, Carlos Lacasta, D. Červenkov, U. Stolzenberg, Pxd Belle Ii Depfet, L. Lanceri, I. Konorov, N. Dash, T. Czank, R. Blanco, G. N. Taylor, P. Wieduwilt, J. Suzuki, I. Rashevskaya, Hans Krüger, A. K. Basith, M. Rozanska, C. H. Wang, P. Kapusta, J. S. Lange, A. Rabusov, H. B. Jeon, Ivan Vila, A. Ishikawa, M. Schnecke, Filippo Bosi, T. Bilka, M. Watanabe, H. Ye, G. Caria, P. Gomis, E. Tafelmayer, M. Kumar, A. Frey, Jun Sasaki, J. Libby, K. Lautenbach, B. Deschamps, R. Sedlmeyer, Shoichi Watanuki, V. Bertacchi, Z. Doležal, S. Reiter, N. Kambara, Christian Irmler, C. Camien, T. Tsuboyama, J. Wiechczynski, Peter Fischer, W. Kun, P. Ahlburg, Wolfgang Kuhn, John Webb, L. Vitale, J. Zhao, Y. Bai, C. Niebuhr, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (Japan), Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria), Australian Research Council, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Government of Czech Republic, Department of Science and Technology (India), Department of Atomic Energy (India), National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Germany), Kodyš, P., Abudinen, F., Ackermann, K., Ahlburg, P., Aihara, H., Albalawi, M., Alonso, O., Andricek, L., Ayad, R., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Bai, Y., Barberio, E., Baroncelli, Ti., Baroncelli, To., Basith, A. K., Batignani, G., Bauer, A., Behera, P. K., Bertacchi, V., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Blanco, R., Bosi, F., Boronat, M., Bosisio, L., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Camien, C., Caldwell, A., Caria, G., Casarosa, G., Ceccanti, M., Červenkov, D., Chekelian, V., Czank, T., Dash, N., De Nuccio, M., Deschamps, B., Dieguez, A., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Esperante, D., Fischer, P., Forti, F., Fras, M., Frey, A., Friedl, M., Fuster, J., Gabriel, M., Gadow, K., Gebauer, U., Germic, L., Gessler, T., Getzkow, D., Gioi, L., Gobbo, B., Gomis, P., Grimaldo, J. A. M., Hara, K., Heck, M., Hemperek, T., Hensel, M., Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H. B., Joo, C., Kaleta, M., Kandra, J., Kambara, N., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Kiesling, C., Kisielewski, B., Kittlinger, D., Klose, D., Koffmane, C., Kohriki, T., Koike, S., Komarov, I., Konorov, I., Krivokuca, S., Krüger, H., Kuhr, T., Kühn, W., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kun, W., Kvasnička, P., La Licata, C., Lacasta, C., Lalwani, K., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lautenbach, K., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Leis, U., Leitl, P., Levit, D., Libby, J., Liemann, G., Liu, Z., Lueck, T., Lütticke, F., Macharski, L., Mammini, P., Mariñas, C., Martini, A., Mayekar, S. N., Mccarney, S., Mohanty, G. B., Morii, T., Moser, H. G., Moya, D., Mueller, F. J., Müller, F., Münchow, D., Nakamura, K. R., Natkaniec, Z., Niebuhr, C., Ninkovic, J., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Packheiser, U., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Paschen, B., Paul, S., Peric, I., Poblotzki, F., Prasanth, K., Profeti, A., Rabusov, A., Rashevskaya, I., Rao, K. K., Reiter, S. P., P. K., Resmi, Richter, R., Ritter, M., Ritzert, M., Rizzo, G., Rozanska, M., Rummel, S., Sahoo, D., Sanchez, J. G., Sasaki, J., Sato, N., Scavino, B., Schaller, G., Schnecke, M., Schopper, F., Schreeck, H., Schultschik, S., Schwanda, C., Schwenker, B., Sedlmeyer, R., Sfienti, C., Simon, F., Skambraks, S., Soloviev, Y., Spruck, B., Stever, R., Stolzenberg, U., Stypula, J., Suzuki, J., Tafelmayer, E., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, S., Tanigawa, H., Taylor, G. N., Thalmeier, R., Tsuboyama, T., Urquijo, P., Vila, I., Virto, A. L., Vitale, L., Vogt, S., Vos, M., Wang, C., Watanuki, S., Watanabe, M., Watson, I. J., Webb, J., Wermes, N., Wessel, C., Wiechczynski, J., Wieduwilt, P., Williams, S., Windel, H., Ye, H., Yin, H., Zani, L., and Zhao, J.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon sensor, Phase (waves), Computer Science::Computational Geometry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Belle II, Data acquisition, Pixel detector, Strip detector, Vertex detector, Instrumentation, law, 0103 physical sciences, Collider, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Interconnection, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, data acquisition, pixel detector, silicon sensor, strip detector, vertex detector, Upgrade, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Focus (optics)
Abstract

Belle II DEPFET, PXD, and SVD Collaborations: et al., The Belle II experiment comes with a substantial upgrade of the Belle detector and will operate at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric ee collider with energies tuned to ϒ(4S) resonance s=10.588 GeV. The accelerator has successfully completed the first phase of commissioning in 2016 and the first electron–positron collisions in Belle II took place in April 2018. Belle II features a newly designed silicon vertex detector based on DEPFET pixel and double-sided strip layers. Currently, a subset of the vertex detector is installed (Phase 2 of the experiment). Installation of the full detector (Phase 3) will be completed by the end of 2018. This paper describes the Phase 2 arrangement of the Belle II silicon vertex detector, with focus on the interconnection of detectors and their integration with the software framework of Belle II. Alignment issues are discussed based on detector simulations and first acquired data., This work is supported by MSCA-RISE, European Union project JENNIFER (EU grant n. 644294), MEXT, Japan, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); ARC (Australia); BMWFW (Austria); MSMT, Czech Republic, GAUK 404316 (Czech Republic); AIDA-2020 (Germany); DAE, India and DST (India); INFN (Italy); NRF-2016K1A3A7A09005605 and RSRI (Korea); MNiSW (Poland); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany); and MINECO, Spain grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain).

Published
2019

5. Belle II pixel detector: Performance of final DEPFET modules

Author

B. Deschamps, R. Sedlmeyer, Z. Doležal, S. Mccarney, S. Reiter, F. Lütticke, Zhiyong Liu, U. Packheiser, T. Kuhr, K. Lautenbach, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, S. Krivokuca, L. Macharski, Belle-II Depfet, V. Babu, S. Skambraks, R. Ayad, B. Spruck, Allen Caldwell, S. Vogt, Thomas Gessler, Oscar Alonso, C. H. Wang, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, B. Kisielewski, H. G. Moser, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, M. Hensel, C. Niebuhr, U. Leis, Angel Dieguez, Tomasz Hemperek, Peter Kvasnicka, H. Ye, Carlos Lacasta, M. Fras, A. Bozek, Marcel Vos, Ivan Vila, P. Wieduwilt, U. Stolzenberg, J. Zhao, D. Getzkow, H. Schreeck, P. Kapusta, V. Chekelian, C. Camien, A. Rabusov, Y. Bai, P. Ahlburg, Hans Krüger, M. Schnecke, Wolfgang Kuhn, Soumen Paul, T. Bilka, Frank Simon, L. Gioi, D. Moya, B. Scavino, D. Esperante, Ladislav Andricek, A. Frey, J. Fuster, S. Huber, C. Kiesling, I. Konorov, R. Stever, P. Gomis, E. Tafelmayer, Concettina Sfienti, R. Blanco, Jelena Ninkovic, Gerhard Schaller, B. Paschen, L. Germic, F. Abudinen, Carlos Marinas, Michael Ritzert, U. Gebauer, C. Koffmane, F. J. Müller, Maiko Takahashi, M. Hoek, F. Poblotzki, C. Wessel, D. Münchow, F. Müller, Y. Soloviev, S. Rummel, D. Kittlinger, J. S. Lange, Peter Kodys, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, R. Richter, Gerhard Liemann, M. Boronat, Norbert Wermes, H. Windel, D. Klose, M. Albalawi, Jakub Kandra, AL Virto, M. Gabriel, Benjamin Schwenker, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, World Premier International Research Center (Japan), European Commission, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Detector, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, PXD, Belle II, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Field-effect transistor, Vertex detector, Impact parameter, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, DEPFET, Pixel detector
Abstract

Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaboration: et al., A DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) based pixel detector was developed for the Belle II VerteX Detector (VXD). It is designed to achieve a good impact parameter resolution better than 15𝜇m at the very high luminosity conditions of this experiment. In the first half of 2018 four final production modules have been deployed in the commissioning run of the detector and their performance is discussed., This work is supported by MEXT, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); MSMT, GAUK 404316, MSCA-RISE project JENNIFER (EU grant n. 644294) (Czech Republic); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany) and MINECO grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain).

Published
2020

6. Construction and response of a highly granular scintillator-based electromagnetic calorimeter

Author

J. Repond, L. Xia, G. Eigen, T. Price, N.K. Watson, A. Winter, M.A. Thomson, C. Cârloganu, G.C. Blazey, A. Dyshkant, K. Francis, V. Zutshi, K. Gadow, P. Göttlicher, O. Hartbrich, K. Kotera, F. Krivan, K. Krüger, S. Lu, B. Lutz, M. Reinecke, F. Sefkow, Y. Sudo, H.L. Tran, A. Kaplan, H.-Ch. Schultz-Coulon, B. Bilki, D. Northacker, Y. Onel, G.W. Wilson, K. Kawagoe, I. Sekiya, T. Suehara, H. Yamashiro, T. Yoshioka, E. Calvo Alamillo, M.C. Fouz, J. Marin, J. Navarrete, J. Puerta Pelayo, A. Verdugo, M. Chadeeva, M. Danilov, M. Gabriel, P. Goecke, C. Graf, Y. Israeli, N. van der Kolk, F. Simon, M. Szalay, H. Windel, S. Bilokin, J. Bonis, R. Pöschl, A. Thiebault, F. Richard, D. Zerwas, V. Balagura, V. Boudry, J.-C. Brient, R. Cornat, J. Cvach, M. Janata, M. Kovalcuk, J. Kvasnicka, I. Polak, J. Smolik, V. Vrba, J. Zalesak, J. Zuklin, W. Choi, M. Nishiyama, T. Sakuma, T. Takeshita, S. Tozuka, T. Tsubokawa, S. Uozumi, D. Jeans, W. Ootani, L. Liu, S. Chang, A. Khan, D.H. Kim, D.J. Kong, Y.D. Oh, T. Ikuno, Y. Takahashi, M. Götze, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, SiPM, energy resolution, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Electron, STRIPS, Scintillator, Particle flow, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Silicon photomultiplier, Electromagnetic calorimeter, law, 0103 physical sciences, electron: irradiation, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Fermilab, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, Collider, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, scintillation counter, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, CALICE, calorimeter: design, MPPC, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Transverse plane, calorimeter: electromagnetic, Scintillation counter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Granular
Abstract

Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 887, 150 - 168 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.01.016, A highly granular electromagnetic calorimeter with scintillator strip readout is being developed for future linear collider experiments. A prototype of 21.5 $X_0$depth and $180 \times 180$ $mm^2$ transverse dimensions was constructed, consisting of 2160 individually read out $10\times 45\times 3$ $mm^3$ scintillator strips. This prototype was tested using electrons of 2–32 $Ge V$ at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility in 2009. Deviations from linear energy response were less than 1.1%, and the intrinsic energy resolution was determined to be $(12.5\pm 0.1(stat.)\pm 0.4(syst.))\%$ $/$ $\sqrt{E[Ge V]}\oplus \left( 1.2\pm 0.1(stat.)_{-0.7}^{+0.6}(syst.)\right)\%$, where the uncertainties correspond to statistical and systematic sources, respectively., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

Published
2018
Full Text
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7. Efficacy of Retreatment After Failed Direct-acting Antiviral Therapy in Patients With HCV Genotype 1–3 Infections

Author

Julia Dietz, Ulrich Spengler, Beat Müllhaupt, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Felix Piecha, Stefan Mauss, Barbara Seegers, Holger Hinrichsen, Christoph Antoni, Perdita Wietzke-Braun, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Annemarie Berger, Katrin Matschenz, Peter Buggisch, Johanna Backhus, Eugen Zizer, Tobias Boettler, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, David Semela, Rudolf Stauber, Thomas Berg, Christoph Berg, Stefan Zeuzem, Johannes Vermehren, Christoph Sarrazin, J. Balavoine, E. Giostra, M. Berning, J. Hampe, A. De Gottardi, A. Rauch, N. Semmo, T. Discher, J. Trauth, J. Fischer, M. Gress, R. Günther, H. Heinzow, J. Schmidt, A. Herrmann, A. Stallmach, G. Hilgard, K. Deterding, C.M. Lange, S. Ciesek, H. Wedemeyer, D. Hoffmann, H. Klinker, P. Schulze, F. Kocheise, M. Müller-Schilling, A. Kodal, A. Kremer, M. Ganslmayer, J. Siebler, F. Lammert, J. Rissland, M. Löbermann, T. Götze, A. Canbay, A. Lohse, J. von Felden, S. Jordan, A. Maieron, D. Moradpour, J.-P. Chave, C. Moreno, T. Müller, M. Muche, H.-J. Epple, K. Port, T. von Hahn, M. Cornberg, M. Manns, L. Reinhardt, V. Ellenrieder, J. Rockstroh, J. Schattenberg, M. Sprinzl, P. Galle, E. Roeb, M. Steckstor, W. Schmiegel, N.H. Brockmeyer, T. Seufferlein, W. Stremmel, B. Strey, R. Thimme, A. Teufel, R. Vogelmann, M. Ebert, K. Tomasiewicz, C. Trautwein, F. Tacke, T. Koenen, T. Weber, R. Zachoval, J. Mayerle, B. Raziorrouh, W. Angeli, S. Beckebaum, C. Doberauer, E. Durmashkina, A. Hackelsberger, A. Erhardt, A. Garrido-Lüneburg, H. Gattringer, D. Genné, M. Gschwantler, F. Gundling, S. Hametner, R. Schöfl, C. Hartmann, T. Heyer, C. Hirschi, A. Jussios, S. Kanzler, N. Kordecki, M. Kraus, U. Kullig, S. Wollschläger, L. Magenta, B. Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, M. Menges, L. Mohr, K. Muehlenberg, C. Niederau, B. Paulweber, A. Petrides, M. Pinkernell, R. Piso, W. Rambach, M. Reiser, B. Riecken, A. Rieke, J. Roth, M. Schelling, P. Schlee, A. Schneider, D. Scholz, E. Schott, M. Schuchmann, U. Schulten-Baumer, A. Seelhoff, A. Stich, F. Stickel, J. Ungemach, E. Walter, A. Weber, T. Winzer, W. Abels, M. Adler, F. Audebert, C. Baermann, E. Bästlein, R. Barth, K. Barthel, W. Becker, J. Behrends, J. Benninger, F. Berger, D. Berzow, T. Beyer, M. Bierbaum, O. Blaukat, A. Bodtländer, G. Böhm, N. Börner, U. Bohr, B. Bokemeyer, H.R. Bruch, D. Bucholz, O. Burkhard, N. Busch, C. Chirca, R. Delker, J. Diedrich, M. Frank, M. Diehl, A. Dienethal, P. Dietel, N. Dikopoulos, M. Dreck, F. Dreher, L. Drude, K. Ende, U. Ehrle, K. Baumgartl, F. Emke, R. Glosemeyer, G. Felten, D. Hüppe, U. Fischer, D. Frederking, B. Frick, G. Friese, B. Gantke, P. Geyer, H.R. Schwind, M. Glas, T. Glaunsinger, F. Goebel, U. Göbel, B. Görlitz, R. Graf, H. Gruber, G. Härter, M. Herder, T. Heuchel, S. Heuer, K.-H. Höffl, H. Hörster, J.-U. Sonne, W.P. Hofmann, F. Holst, M. Hunstiger, A. Hurst, E. Jägel-Guedes, C. John, M. Jung, B. Kallinowski, B. Kapzan, W. Kerzel, P. Khaykin, M. Klarhof, U. Klüppelberg, K. Klugewitz, B. Knapp, U. Knevels, T. Kochsiek, A. Körfer, A. Köster, M. Kuhn, A. Langekamp, B. Künzig, R. Link, M. Littman, H. Löhr, T. Lutz, G. Knecht, U. Lutz, D. Mainz, I. Mahle, P. Maurer, C. Mayer, V. Meister, H. Möller, R. Heyne, D. Moritzen, M. Mroß, M. Mundlos, U. Naumann, O. Nehls, K.&R. Ningel, A. Oelmann, H. Olejnik, K. Gadow, E. Pascher, J. Petersen, A. Philipp, M. Pichler, F. Polzien, R. Raddant, M. Riedel, S. Rietzler, M. Rössle, W. Rufle, A. Rump, C. Schewe, C. Hoffmann, D. Schleehauf, K.J. Schmidt, W. Schmidt, G. Schmidt-Heinevetter, J. Schmidtler-von Fabris, E. Schnaitmann, L. Schneider, A. Schober, S. Niehaus-Hahn, J. Schwenzer, T. Seidel, G. Seitel, C. Sick, K.G. Simon, D. Stähler, F. Stenschke, H. Steffens, K. Stein, M. Steinmüller, T. Sternfeld, K. Svensson, W. Tacke, G. Teuber, K. Teubner, J. Thieringer, A. Tomesch, U. Trappe, J. Ullrich, G. Urban, S. Usadel, A. von Lucadou, F. Weinberger, M. Werheid-Dobers, P. Werner, T. Winter, E. Zehnter, and A. Zipf

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Elbasvir, Daclatasvir, Genotype, Sustained Virologic Response, Sofosbuvir, Combination therapy, Voxilaprevir, Hepacivirus, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Chronic liver disease, Antiviral Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Hepatology, business.industry, Ribavirin, Liver Neoplasms, Gastroenterology, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Hepatitis C, chemistry, Grazoprevir, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Retreatment, Drug Therapy, Combination, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Hepatitis C virus infection is causing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. By combining direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), high sustained virologic response rates (SVRs) can be achieved. Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) are commonly observed after DAA failure, and especially nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) RASs may impact retreatment options.1-3 Data on retreatment of DAA failure patients using first-generation DAAs are limited.4-7 Recently, a second-generation protease- and NS5A-inhibitor plus sofosbuvir (voxilaprevir/velpatasvir/sofosbuvir [VOX/VEL/SOF]) was approved for retreatment after DAA failure.8 However, this and other second-generation regimens are not available in many resource-limited countries or are not reimbursed by regular insurance, and recommendations regarding the selection of retreatment regimens using first-generation DAAs are very important. This study aimed to analyze patients who were re-treated with first-generation DAAs after failure of a DAA combination therapy.

Published
2021

8. The Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector

Author

M. Valentan, Alan Campbell, Michael Schnell, I. Gfall, A. Bozek, S. Himori, Z. Natkaniec, H. Steininger, T. Saito, K. Sakai, A. Frankenberger, S. Koike, C. Joo, K. Negishi, Peter Kodys, Tsutomu Mibe, Carlos Marinas, Peter Kvasnicka, Christian Irmler, G. N. Taylor, A. Ishikawa, S. Schmid, N. Shimizu, Gagan Bihari Mohanty, K. K. Rao, Jochen Dingfelder, Tariq Aziz, M. Rozanska, S.N. Mayekar, Thomas Bergauer, Noriaki K. Sato, Martin Ritter, Hitoshi Yamamoto, Z. Drásal, Takeo Higuchi, T. Hara, K. Ackermann, Y. Ushiroda, C. Niebuhr, K. Gadow, Markus Friedl, J. Haba, T. Kohriki, Toru Tsuboyama, C. Kiesling, K. Hara, Satoshi Tanaka, E. Kato, W. Ostrowicz, K. Ueno, D. H. Kah, Y. Onuki, Satoru Uozumi, H. Park, H. Aihara, H. Nakayama, Kiyoshi Tanida, K. H. Kang, and A. Moll

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Vertex (computer graphics), Luminosity (scattering theory), business.industry, Amplifier, Detector, STRIPS, Belle experiment, law.invention, Optics, KEKB, Upgrade, law, ddc:530, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The KEKB machine and the Belle experiment in Tsukuba (Japan) are now undergoing an upgrade, leading to an ultimate luminosity of 8 × 10 35 cm − 2 s − 1 in order to measure rare decays in the B system with high statistics. The previous vertex detector cannot cope with this 40-fold increase of luminosity and thus needs to be replaced. Belle II will be equipped with a two-layer Pixel Detector surrounding the beam pipe, and four layers of double-sided silicon strip sensors at higher radii than the old detector. The Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) will have a total sensitive area of 1.13 m 2 and 223,744 channels—twice as many as its predecessor. All silicon sensors will be made from 150 mm wafers in order to maximize their size and thus to reduce the relative contribution of the support structure. The forward part has slanted sensors of trapezoidal shape to improve the measurement precision and to minimize the amount of material as seen by particles from the vertex. Fast-shaping front-end amplifiers will be used in conjunction with an online hit time reconstruction algorithm in order to reduce the occupancy to the level of a few percent at most. A novel “Origami” chip-on-sensor scheme is used to minimize both the distance between strips and amplifier (thus reducing the electronic noise) as well as the overall material budget. This report gives an overview on the status of the Belle II SVD and its components, including sensors, front-end detector ladders, mechanics, cooling and the readout electronics.

Published
2013

9. Tracking within Hadronic Showers in the CALICE SDHCAL prototype using a Hough Transform Technique

Author

R. Cornat, H. Hirai, Frank Simon, T. H. Tran, A. Provenza, H. Mathez, K. Kruger, S. Lu, E. Brianne, Zhenan Liu, Taikan Suehara, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, W. Park, Francois Corriveau, Marina Chadeeva, P. Göttlicher, D. Yu, L. Caponetto, J. C. Marin, Qian Yue, S. Callier, A. Pingault, G. Grenier, E. Becheva, J. C. Brient, Dirk Zerwas, Djamel Eddine Boumediene, P. Goecke, M. Rubio-Roy, C. Combaret, Arnaud Steen, N. van der Kolk, A. Ebrahimi, Michael Tytgat, C. Carloganu, F. Krivan, G. Garillot, N. Zaganidis, Shih-Chang Lee, I. Polak, S. Mannai, S. Bilokin, E. Calvo Alamillo, A. Petrukhin, F. Gastaldi, A. Thiebault, G. Cho, Y. Li, R. Eté, J. Cvach, Vladislav Balagura, F. Sefkow, Y. Israeli, M. Gabriel, J. Puerta-Pelayo, J. J. Navarrete, Frédéric Magniette, Laurent Mirabito, V. Boudry, M. Reinecke, J. Kvasnicka, A. Verdugo, L. Raux, A. Irles, K. Kotera, C. Graf, H. Windel, J. Zálešák, N. Lumb, N. Seguin-Moreau, M. Kovalcuk, Y. Wang, Zhi Deng, E. Cortina Gil, Ch. de la Taille, Yuji Sudo, S. Schuwalow, H. Videau, Zishuo Yang, Vaclav Vrba, J. C. Ianigro, M. Szalay, Huong Lan Tran, K. Gadow, G. Martin-Chassard, J. Berenguer Antequera, J. Nanni, T. Kurca, R. Kieffer, Imad Baptiste Laktineh, H. Sumida, V. Buridon, F. Dulucq, Tamaki Yoshioka, O. Hartbrich, Manqi Ruan, R. Han, J. Bonis, J. Zuklin, M. Anduze, M. C. Fouz, V. Francais, K. Shpak, R. Pöschl, Francois Richard, J. Smolik, S. Vallecorsa, D. W. Kim, M. Janata, S. Cauwenbergh, B. Li, C. Neubüser, O. Bach, Yacine Haddad, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
data analysis method, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, showers: hadronic, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Hough transform, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Calorimeters, Gaseous detectors, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, calorimeter: hadronic, numerical methods, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], CALICE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ddc:610, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Calorimeter methods, numerical calculations, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, hep-ex, track data analysis, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Track (disk drive), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Calorimeter, Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Granularity, Particle Physics - Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Journal of Instrumentation 12(05), P05009 (2017). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/05/P05009, The high granularity of the CALICE Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL)provides the capability to reveal the track segments present in hadronic showers. These segmentsare then used as a tool to probe the behaviour of the active layers in situ, to better reconstructthe energy of these hadronic showers and also to distinguish them from electromagnetic ones. Inaddition, the comparison of these track segments in data and the simulation helps to discriminateamong the different shower models used in the simulation. To extract the track segments in theshowers recorded in the SDHCAL, a Hough Transform is used after being adapted to the presenceof the dense core of the hadronic showers and the SDHCAL active medium structure., Published by Inst. of Physics, London

Published
2017

10. The electronics of the H1 lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeters-H1 SpaCal Group

Author

R.-D. Appuhn, C. Arndt, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, U. Bassler, F. Blouzon, V. Boudry, F. Brasse, Ph. Bruel, D. Bruncko, R. Buchholz, B. Cahan, S. Chechelnitski, B. Claxton, G. Cozzika, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret-Campagne, W.D. Dau, H. Deckers, T. Deckers, F. Descamps, M. Dirkmann, J. Dowdell, C. Drancourt, O. Durant, V. Efremenko, E. Eisenhandler, A.N. Eliseev, G. Falley, J. Ferencei, M. Fleischer, B. Fominykh, K. Gadow, U. Goerlach, L.A. Gorbov, I. Gorelov, M. Grewe, L. Hajduk, I. Herynek, J. Hladky, M. Hütte, H. Hutter, M. Janata, W. Janczur, J. Janoth, L. Jönsson, I. Kacl, H. Kolanoski, V. Korbel, F. Kriván, D. Lacour, B. Laforge, F. Lamarche, M.P.J. Landon, J.-F. Laporte, H. Lebollo, A.Le Coguie, F. Lehner, R. Maracek, P. Matricon, K. Meier, A. Meyer, A. Migliori, F. Moreau, G. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, T.C. Nicholls, D. Ozerov, J.-P. Passerieux, E. Perez, J.P. Pharabod, R. Pöschl, Ch. Renard, A. Rostovtsev, C. Royon, K. Rybicki, S. Schlief, K. Schmitt, A. Schuhmacher, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, Y. Sirois, P.A. Smirnov, V. Solochenko, J. Spalek, S. Spielmann, H. Steiner, A. Stellberger, J. Stiewe, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, K. Thiele, E. Tzamariudaki, S. Valkár, C. Vallée, A. Vallereau, D. VanDenPlas, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Walther, M. Weber, D. Wegener, T. Wenk, J. Záček, A. Zhokin, P. Zini, and K. Zuber

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dynamic range, Preamplifier, business.industry, Detector, HERA, Noise (electronics), law.invention, Optics, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electronics, Collider, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The electronic system developed for the SpaCal lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeters of the H1 detector in operation at the HERA ep collider is described in detail and the performance achieved during H1 data-taking is presented. The 10 MHz bunch crossing rate of HERA puts severe constraints on the requirements of the electronics. The energy and time readout are performed respectively with a 14-bit dynamic range and with a resolution of about 0.4 ns. The trigger branch consists of a nanosecond-resolution calorimetric time-of-flight for background rejection and an electron trigger based on analog `sliding windows'. The on-line background rejection currently achieved is o(10**6). The electron trigger allows a low energy trigger threshold to be set at about 0.50 +/- 0.08 (RMS) GeV with an efficiency >99.9%. The energy and time performance of the readout and trigger electronics is based on a newly-developed low noise (sigma_noise ca. 0.4 MeV) wideband (f < 200 MHz) preamplifier located at the output of the photomultipliers which are used for the fibre light readout in the ca. 1 Tesla magnetic field of H1.

Published
1999

11. Series tests of fine mesh photomultiplier tubes in magnetic fields of up to 1.2 Tesla

Author

A. Meyer, F. Descamps, B. Laforge, K. Rybicki, K. Wacker, Murrough Landon, D. Vandenplas, Dusan Bruncko, G. Cozzika, D. Wegener, J. Ferencei, L. A. Gorbov, A. Rostovtsev, F. Lehner, A. Semenov, G. Villet, Stefan Valkar, R. D. Appuhn, T. Bipp, V. Tchernyshov, V. Korbel, Christophe Royon, K. Thiele, H. Deckers, M. Fleischer, A. Stellberger, Leif J. Jönsson, E. Barrelet, G. Falley, B. Claxton, Karlheinz Meier, W. Janczur, Vincent Boudry, A. Migliori, Jean-Francois Laporte, I. Herynek, W.D. Dau, J. Spalek, T. Wenk, A. Walther, R. Schediwy, F. Brasse, S. Spielmann, I. Gorelov, K. Schmitt, L. Hajduk, E. Tzamariudaki, J. Janoth, S. Dagoret-Campagne, J. P. Pharabod, V. Efremenko, Didier Lacour, R. Buchholz, P. A. Smirnov, T. Deckers, R. Pöschl, M. Grewe, M. Dirkmann, J. Dowdell, S. Schleif, M. Taševský, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, Pavel Murin, H. M. Steiner, R. Barschke, A. N. Eliseev, Ulrich Goerlach, T. C. Nicholls, K. Gadow, K. Zuber, J. Cvach, C. Arndt, J. Stiewe, A. Zhokin, Max Weber, A. Schuhmacher, F. Kriváň, A. Heck, Emmanuelle Perez, H. Hutter, E. Eisenhandler, R. Maraček, S. Chechelnitski, V. Solochenko, Yves Sirois, D. Ozerov, B. Fominykh, J. Žáček, V. Nagovizin, V. Shekelyan, M. Hütte, U. Bassler, F. Lamarche, Hermann Kolanoski, and G. Müller

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Linearity, High voltage, DESY, HERA, Cathode, law.invention, Magnetic field, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Homogeneity (physics), Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The new lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeter (“SpaCal”) for the backward region of the H1 experiment at HERA (DESY) is equipped with fine mesh phototubes which operate in a magnetic field close to 1 T. A large sample of these tubes of the types Hamamatsu R5505 and R5506, and Hamamatsu R2490-05, have been tested in fields of up to 1.2T. We have investigated the cathode homogeneity with and without magnetic field, the gain loss under the influence of the magnetic field, and stability with time. For a subsample of tubes, we have performed additional studies on stability with respect to temperature changes, variation of gain as a function of the magnetic field, high voltage discharges, single photo-electron response, and linearity. We finally summarize the experience with these tubes after one year of operation in the experiment.

Published
1998

12. The H1 lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeter

Author

S. Spielmann, E. Tzamariudaki, L. Hajduk, Pavel Murin, H. M. Steiner, R. Barschke, Didier Lacour, K. Zuber, F. Lehner, Ulrich Goerlach, C. Arndt, J. Cvach, K. Thiele, M. Taševský, Christophe Royon, J. Stiewe, J. Janoth, S. Dagoret-Campagne, H. Hutter, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, E. Barrelet, G. Müller, Karlheinz Meier, G. Villet, Dusan Bruncko, V. Tchernyshov, Leif J. Jönsson, I. Herynek, F. Brasse, W. Janczur, J. Ferencei, U. Bassler, A. Migliori, Murrough Landon, M. Dirkmann, L. A. Gorbov, F. Lamarche, G. Falley, R. Buchholz, A. Semenov, A. Rostovtsev, P. A. Smirnov, B. Laforge, V. Boudry, Hermann Kolanoski, T.C. Nicholls, R. D. Appuhn, R. Maraček, D. Ozerov, T. Deckers, S. Chechelnitski, V. Solochenko, K. Rybicki, V. Nagovizin, S. Schleif, H. Deckers, M. Hütte, J. Dowdell, F. Descamps, R. Pöschl, Jean-Francois Laporte, M. Grewe, K. Wacker, G. Cozzika, Stefan Valkar, Yves Sirois, D. Vandenplas, A. Eliseev, Andreas Meyer, D. Wegener, B. Fominykh, E. Eisenhandler, J. Žáček, A. Zhokin, A. Walther, I. Gorelov, V. Shekelyan, Max Weber, K. Gadow, W.D. Dau, J. Spalek, V. Korbel, Emmanuelle Perez, A. Schuhmacher, F. Kriváň, B. Claxton, J. P. Pharabod, V. Efremenko, and T. Wenk

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Detector, Electron, Deep inelastic scattering, Nuclear physics, Optics, Upgrade, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Angular resolution, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The backward region of the H1 detector has been upgraded in order to provide improved measurement of the scattered electron in deep inelastic scattering events. The centerpiece of the upgrade is a high-resolution lead/scintillating-fibre calorimeter. The main design goals of the calorimeter are: good coverage of the region close to the beam pipe, high angular resolution and energy resolution of better than 2% for 30 GeV electrons. The calorimeter should be capable of providing coarse hadronic energy measurement and precise time information to suppress out-of-time background events at the first trigger level. It must be compact due to space restrictions. These requirements were fulfilled by constructing two separate calorimeter sections. The inner electromagnetic section is made of 0.5 mm scintillating plastic fibres embedded in a lead matrix. Its lead-to-fibre ratio is 2.3:1 by volume. The outer hadronic section consists of 1.0 mm diameter fibres with a lead-to-fibre ratio of 3.4:1. The mechanical construction of the new calorimeter and its assembly in the H1 detector are described.

Published
1997

13. EndoTOFPET-US: a novel multimodal tool for endoscopy and positron emission tomography

Author

Didier Perrodin, Shingo Mandai, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Tobias Lasser, T. Harion, Tobias Reichl, M Reinecke, O. Mundler, M. Rolo, Rainer Stamen, Joerg Traub, Benjamin Frisch, J M Fischer, M. Pizzichemi, O Charles, V Vidal, John O. Prior, C Damon, Wei Shen, Edoardo Charbon, B Fürst, F B Mimoun, Nassir Navab, Pierre Jarron, D. Cortinovis, João Carlos Silva, P Courday, Etiennette Auffray, Alessandro Silenzi, R Laugier, Giulia Alice Fornaro, I Somlai Schweiger, J Kabadanian, E Mas, José Gardiazabal, A Gil-Ortiz, N. Brillouet, T. C. Meyer, Catarina Ortigao, D Lombardo, C Gaston, Sibylle Ziegler, Thomas Wendler, C Xu, Markus Schwaiger, Viesturs Veckalns, R. Bugalho, J Vishwas, Nicolas Aubry, K Gadow, E Guedj, Paul Lecoq, Joao Varela, Erika Garutti, M. Zvolsky, Aron Cserkaszky, Rui F. Silva, K. Doroud, J.-M. Fourmigue, Marco Paganoni, Aubry, N, Auffray, E, Mimoun, F, Brillouet, N, Bugalho, R, Charbon, E, Charles, O, Cortinovis, D, Courday, P, Cserkaszky, A, Damon, C, Doroud, K, M. Fischer, J, Fornaro, G, M. Fourmigue, J, Frisch, B, Fürst, B, Gardiazabal, J, Gadow, K, Garutti, E, Gaston, C, Gil Ortiz, A, Guedj, E, Harion, T, Jarron, P, Kabadanian, J, Lasser, T, Laugier, R, Lecoq, P, Lombardo, D, Mandai, S, Mas, E, Meyer, T, Mundler, O, Navab, N, Ortigão, C, Paganoni, M, Perrodin, D, Pizzichemi, M, Prior, J, Reichl, T, Reinecke, M, Rolo, M, C. Schultz Coulon, H, Schwaiger, M, Shen, W, Silenzi, A, Silva, J, Silva, R, Somlai Schweiger, I, Stamen, R, Traub, J, Varela, J, Veckalns, V, Vidal, V, Vishwas, J, Wendler, T, Xu, C, Ziegler, S, and Zvolsky, M

Subjects
Intra-operative probe, medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, Photodetector, 01 natural sciences, Lyso, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Medical physics, Multimodality system, ddc:610, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Gamma camera, medicine.diagnostic_test, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Orientation (computer vision), Detector, 3. Good health, Positron emission tomography, Gamma camera, SPECT, PET PET/CT, coronary CT angiography (CTA), business
Abstract

The EndoTOFPET-US project aims to develop a multimodal detector to foster the development of new biomarkers for prostate and pancreatic tumors. The detector will consist of two main components: an external plate, and a PET extension to an endoscopic ultrasound probe. The external plate is an array of LYSO crystals read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) coupled to an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The internal probe will be an highly integrated and miniaturized detector made of LYSO crystals read out by a fully digital SiPM featuring photosensor elements and digital readout in the same chip. The position and orientation of the two detectors will be tracked with respect to the patient to allow the fusion of the metabolic image from the PET and the anatomic image from the ultrasound probe in the time frame of the medical procedure. The fused information can guide further interventions of the organ, such as biopsy or in vivo confocal microscopy. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Published
2013

14. Operational experience and commissioning of the Belle II vertex detector

Author

P. Mammini, S. Bacher, AL Virto, L. Germic, Norbert Wermes, S. Reiter, H. Yin, Y. Soloviev, H. Park, T. Czank, A. Bozek, Oscar Alonso, P.A. Fischer, T. Lueck, Gerhard Liemann, T. Higuchi, N. Kambara, D. Klose, B. Spruck, M. Boronat, W. Kühn, J. S. Lange, JG Sanchez, S. Bettarini, A. Paladino, S. Skambraks, T. Tsuboyama, M. Hoek, D. Esperante, Ladislav Andricek, F. Mueller, W. Ostrowicz, D. Getzkow, Mohammed Albalawi, U. Packheiser, M. Fras, K. Nakamura, J. Wiechczynski, R. Thalmeier, Mukesh Kumar, P. K. Resmi, J. Libby, Jakub Kandra, H. Schreeck, B. Bhuyan, Steven Williams, Prafulla Kumar Behera, S. Rummel, D. Kittlinger, A. Frey, H. Nakayama, S. Vogt, S. Koike, Noriaki K. Sato, D. Moya, B. Scavino, S. N. Mayekar, H. Tanigawa, Christian Irmler, I. Konorov, Peter Kodys, H. Aihara, D. Münchow, Phillip Urquijo, Agnese Martini, L. Lanceri, L. Bosisio, Y. Onuki, Allen Caldwell, F. Müller, C. H. Wang, C. Camien, J. Zhao, Juan Fuster, K. H. Kang, P. Wieduwilt, J. Suzuki, I. Rashevskaya, L. Gioi, F. Poblotzki, B. Gobbo, K. Lalwani, C. Schwanda, C. W. Joo, M. Hensel, T. Kuhr, Y. B. Li, V. Babu, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, R. Blanco, S. Paul, K. Wan, P. Kapusta, M. Kaleta, D. Červenkov, Tariq Aziz, T. Morii, Seema Bahinipati, K. Hara, B. Deschamps, U. Leis, S. Mccarney, G. Casarosa, M. Schnecke, Filippo Bosi, A. Bauer, G. N. Taylor, C. Sfienti, I. Jaegle, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, C. Niebuhr, Shoichi Watanuki, M. Gabriel, L. Santelj, T. Bilka, R. Sedlmeyer, E. L. Barberio, R. Ayad, M. Ceccanti, G. Rizzo, Frank Simon, L. Zani, Gagan Bihari Mohanty, Jelena Ninkovic, H. Windel, M. De Nuccio, B. Kisielewski, M. Watanabe, F. Abudinén, J. C. Dingfelder, Hans Krüger, Valerio Bertacchi, K. Lautenbach, V. Chekelian, Jihwa Lee, A. Profeti, Tomasz Hemperek, S. Krivokuca, Shih-Chang Lee, Michael Ritzert, Thomas Gessler, Z. Doležal, Melissa K. Takahashi, Marcel Vos, Rajesh Kumar, E. Paoloni, Satoshi Tanaka, T. Kohriki, G. Batignani, B. Paschen, F. Buchsteiner, H. Ye, H. G. Moser, K. K. Rao, I. J. Watson, M. Heck, Angel Dieguez, Peter Kvasnicka, Markus Friedl, J. Stypula, S. Schultschik, L. Macharski, Gerhard Schaller, C. Wessel, I. Komarov, U. Gebauer, Florian Schopper, To. Baroncelli, K. Prasanth, R. Richter, Y. Bai, J.A.M. Grimaldo, Benjamin Schwenker, Z. Natkaniec, C. Kiesling, Ti. Baroncelli, Carlos Lacasta, Carlos Marinas, G. Caria, P. Leitl, P. Ahlburg, Jun Sasaki, K. Ackermann, R. Stever, U. Stolzenberg, H. B. Jeon, Ivan Vila, A. Ishikawa, J. C. Webb, L. Vitale, C. Koffmane, F. Lütticke, C. La Licata, Zhiyong Liu, Doyen Sahoo, P. Gomis, N. Dash, F. Forti, A. K. Basith, M. Rozanska, E. Tafelmayer, and A. Rabusov

Subjects
High energy, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, vertex detector, Synchrotron radiation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0103 physical sciences, silicon detector, Engineering & allied operations, Physics, belle ii, silicon vertex detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Single beam, Detector, Particle physics, Radiació sincrotrònica, Time resolution, Low noise, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Vertex detector, ddc:620, Física de partícules
Abstract

The Belle II experiment has completed the Phase 2, with a subset of the final Belle II vertex detector comprising six layers with a single ladder per layer. First physics collisions have been successfully recorded at the end of April 2018 and and a total luminosity of 500 pb−1 have been collected for physics studies. All BEAST II detectors were operational and provided valuable online feedback for machine commissioning and safe operation of Belle II during Phase 2. SVD key operation features like signal to noise ratio and hit time resolution are within or exceeding TDR expectation. PXD demonstrated stable operation of four half-ladders with low noise and an excellent signal to noise ratio. Background from soft photons in the energy range 7-10 keV was observed in the PXD, FANGS and radio-chromic foils and is in qualitative agreement with simulation of synchrotron radiation. Single beam background from the low energy ring is in reasonable agreement with MC prediction within a factor 3-10 for SVD and PXD while the the background from the high energy ring is underpredicted. The observed HER and LER background rates are much more similar than predicted and the overall sum of backgrounds is about 10 times too high for efficient operation of the VXD at full luminosity. Ways for mitigating the backgrounds by tuning the accelerator and installing additional collimators are currently under study. The Phase 2 run confirmed that the full VXD could be safely installed for the early part of Phase 3 in March 2019.

15. Tests of a Particle Flow Algorithm with CALICE test beam data

Author

The CALICE collaboration, C Adloff, J Blaha, J -J Blaising, C Drancourt, A Espargilière, R Gaglione, N Geffroy, Y Karyotakis, J Prast, G Vouters, K Francis, J Repond, J Smith, L Xia, E Baldolemar, J Li, S T Park, M Sosebee, A P White, J Yu, T Buanes, G Eigen, Y Mikami, N K Watson, T Goto, G Mavromanolakis, M A Thomson, D R Ward, W Yan, D Benchekroun, A Hoummada, Y Khoulaki, M Benyamna, C Cârloganu, F Fehr, P Gay, S Manen, L Royer, G C Blazey, A Dyshkant, J G R Lima, V Zutshi, J -Y Hostachy, L Morin, U Cornett, D David, R Fabbri, G Falley, K Gadow, E Garutti, P Göttlicher, C Günter, S Karstensen, F Krivan, A -I Lucaci-Timoce, S Lu, B Lutz, I Marchesini, N Meyer, S Morozov, V Morgunov, M Reinecke, F Sefkow, P Smirnov, M Terwort, A Vargas-Trevino, N Wattimena, O Wendt, N Feege, J Haller, S Richter, J Samson, P Eckert, A Kaplan, H -Ch Schultz-Coulon, W Shen, R Stamen, A Tadday, B Bilki, E Norbeck, Y Onel, G W Wilson, K Kawagoe, S Uozumi, P D Dauncey, A -M Magnan, M Wing, F Salvatore, E Calvo Alamillo, M -C Fouz, J Puerta-Pelayo, V Balagura, B Bobchenko, M Chadeeva, M Danilov, A Epifantsev, O Markin, R Mizuk, E Novikov, V Rusinov, E Tarkovsky, N Kirikova, V Kozlov, Y Soloviev, P Buzhan, B Dolgoshein, A Ilyin, V Kantserov, V Kaplin, A Karakash, E Popova, S Smirnov, A Frey, C Kiesling, K Seidel, F Simon, C Soldner, L Weuste, J Bonis, B Bouquet, S Callier, P Cornebise, Ph Doublet, F Dulucq, M Faucci Giannelli, J Fleury, H Li, G Martin-Chassard, F Richard, Ch de la Taille, R Pöschl, L Raux, N Seguin-Moreau, F Wicek, M Anduze, V Boudry, J-C Brient, D Jeans, P Mora de Freitas, G Musat, M Reinhard, M Ruan, H Videau, B Bulanek, J Zacek, J Cvach, P Gallus, M Havranek, M Janata, J Kvasnicka, D Lednicky, M Marcisovsky, I Polak, J Popule, L Tomasek, M Tomasek, P Ruzicka, P Sicho, J Smolik, V Vrba, J Zalesak, B Belhorma, H Ghazlane, T Takeshita, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Jet (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pion, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Collider, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Calorimeter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Algorithm, Beam (structure), Lepton
Abstract

The studies presented in this paper provide a first experimental test of the Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA) concept using data recorded in high granularity calorimeters. Pairs of overlaid pion showers from CALICE 2007 test beam data are reconstructed by the PandoraPFA program developed to implement PFA for a future lepton collider. Recovery of a neutral hadron's energy in the vicinity of a charged hadron is studied. The impact of the two overlapping hadron showers on energy resolution is investigated. The dependence of the confusion error on the distance between a 10 GeV neutral hadron and a charged pion is derived for pion energies of 10 and 30 GeV which are representative of a 100 GeV jet. The comparison of these test beam data results with Monte Carlo simulation is done for various hadron shower models within the GEANT4 framework. The results for simulated particles and for beam data are in good agreement thereby providing support for previous simulation studies of the power of Particle Flow Calorimetry at a future lepton collider. CALICE 2007 test beam data were used to test the PandoraPFA program. The program capability to recover a neutral hadron energy in the vicinity of a charged hadron was studied. The impact of overlapping of two hadron showers on energy resolution was investigated. The dependence of the confusion error on the distance between a 10 GeV neutral hadron and a charged pion was derived for pion energies of 10 and 30 GeV which are representative of a 100 GeV jet. The comparison of these test beam data results with Monte Carlo simulation was done for LHEP and QGSP BERT physics lists. The probability of correct recovering of neutral hadron energy has been calculated. The dependence of the confusion error on the neutral hadron energy was also studied. The confusion error averaged over 100 GeV jet fragment energies has been estimated for the case of one neutral and one charged hadron.

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