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As the 24-hour society arrives, human activities in daytime and nighttime urban spaces are changing drastically, and the need for new urban management policies is steadily increasing. This study analyzes the types and characteristics of Seoul’s human dynamics using location-based big data and the results are summarized as follows. First, the pattern of human dynamics in Seoul repeats itself every 7 days. Second, the types of human dynamics in Seoul can be classified into five types, and each of type has its own unique time-series and local characteristics. Third, the degree of match between human dynamics and zoning system in urban planning legislation was highest in ‘Type 1’ residence pattern and low in other types. The following implications can be drawn from these results. First, This paper examined the methodology of analyzing the regional characteristics of Seoul through the human dynamics and obtained meaningful results. Second, This paper can derive reliable and objective pattern analysis results using Big data that reflect the overall population characteristics. Third, the scale of night-time activity in the urban space of Seoul was understood, and its distribution, patterns and characteristics identified.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-ajr-10.1177_19458924211056757 for Effectiveness of the Endoscopic Prelacrimal Recess Approach for Maxillary Sinus Inverted Papilloma Removal: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Do Hyun Kim, Sung Won Kim, Soo Ah Son, Jaehoon Jung, So-Hyun Kim and Se Hwan Hwang in American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ajr-10.1177_19458924211056757 for Effectiveness of the Endoscopic Prelacrimal Recess Approach for Maxillary Sinus Inverted Papilloma Removal: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Do Hyun Kim, Sung Won Kim, Soo Ah Son, Jaehoon Jung, So-Hyun Kim and Se Hwan Hwang in American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-ajr-10.1177_19458924211056757 for Effectiveness of the Endoscopic Prelacrimal Recess Approach for Maxillary Sinus Inverted Papilloma Removal: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Do Hyun Kim, Sung Won Kim, Soo Ah Son, Jaehoon Jung, So-Hyun Kim and Se Hwan Hwang in American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-ajr-10.1177_19458924211056757 for Effectiveness of the Endoscopic Prelacrimal Recess Approach for Maxillary Sinus Inverted Papilloma Removal: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Do Hyun Kim, Sung Won Kim, Soo Ah Son, Jaehoon Jung, So-Hyun Kim and Se Hwan Hwang in American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-ajr-10.1177_19458924211056757 for Effectiveness of the Endoscopic Prelacrimal Recess Approach for Maxillary Sinus Inverted Papilloma Removal: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Do Hyun Kim, Sung Won Kim, Soo Ah Son, Jaehoon Jung, So-Hyun Kim and Se Hwan Hwang in American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy

In this paper, we propose a new beamforming design to maximize energy efficiency (EE) for multiple input single output interfering broadcast channels (IFBC). Under this model, the EE problem is non-convex in general due to the coupled interference and its fractional form, and thus it is difficult to solve the problem. Conventional algorithms which address this problem have adopted an iterative method for each channel realization, which requires high computational complexity. In order to reduce the computational complexity, we parameterize the beamforming vector by scalar parameters related to beam direction and power. Then, by employing asymptotic results of random matrix theory with this parametrization, we identify the optimal parameters to maximize the EE in the large system limit assuming that the number of transmit antennas and users are large with a fixed ratio. In the asymptotic regime, our solutions depend only on the second order channel statistics, which yields significantly reduced computational complexity and system overhead compared to the conventional approaches. Hence, the beamforming vector to maximize the EE performance can be determined with local channel state information and the optimized parameters. Based on the asymptotic results, the proposed scheme can provide insights on the average EE performance, and a simple yet efficient beamforming strategy is introduced for the finite system case. Numerical results confirm that the proposed scheme shows a negligible performance loss compared to the best result achieved by the conventional approaches even with small system dimensions, with much reduced system complexity., Comment: 25pages, 6 figures

Methimazole (MMI)-induced acute pancreatitis is very rare but severe adverse reaction. A 51-yr-old male developed a high fever, chills, and abdominal pain, two weeks after commencement on MMI for the treatment of Graves' disease. There was no evidence of agranulocytosis, and fever subsided soon after stopping MMI treatment. However, 5 hr after taking an additional dose of MMI, abdominal pain and fever developed again. His symptoms, biochemical, and imaging studies were compatible with acute pancreatitis. After withdrawal of MMI, he showed clinical improvement. This is the first case of MMI-induced acute pancreatitis in Korea. Clinicians should be aware of the rare but possible MMI-induced pancreatitis in patients complaining of fever and abdominal pain. Graphical Abstract

Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection is causally associated with the development of primary effusion lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. A transmembrane protein of HHV-8, K1, is readily expressed in those tumors and the expression of K1 alone causes hyperplasia of lymph nodes and lymphomas in mice. The exact mechanism of how K1 causes hyperplasia and lymphomas in K1 expressing mice is not known. The cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of K1 was shown previously to be involved in activation of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFκ-B). Moreover, we had shown recently that K1 suppresses Fas-mediated apoptosis through its extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain and that K1-transfected mice survived a lethal dose of agonistic anti-Fas antibody (Jo2). We thus hypothesized that development of hyperplasia and lymphomas in K1-expressing mice is driven by alterations of Fas signaling. Results: Gross examination of thoracic and abdominal cavities of transgenic mice with K1 expression driven by a ubiquitous promoter were sacrificed at 18 months of age revealed enlarged cervical, mediastinal, renal, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens. Peyer’s patches were also enlarged and readily visible on the outer surface of the ileum. Of 10 K1 mice, 90% developed lymphoid hyperplasia (>3mm) and 60% developed lymphomas, while all (26) control mice remained hyperplasia and lymphoma free. In the extreme cases, K1 mice developed liver or mesenteric tumors (4 and 4 of 10 mice, respectively). Spleens of 78% of K1 mice were enlarged at 18 months and were on average 3.5 times heavier than spleens of non-expressing control mice (332 ± 200 mg vs. 94 ± 26 mg, P < 0.03). The H and E staining of spleen sections showed expansion to the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath with disruption of normal follicular architecture. Staining of spleen sections with anti-kappa and anti-lambda light chain antibodies revealed presence of monoclonal foci in 3 out of 3 K1 mice (average 6 foci per single section of spleen), but none in the 4 control mice. Moreover, K1 protein was expressed in about 10% of splenic cells as judged from staining with anti-K1 antibody 2H5. To test the hypothesis that expression of K1 protein in spleens makes them resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, splenic cells of 6 month old K1 mice (n=3) and matched controls (n=3) were isolated and incubated with 50 ng/mL of agonistic anti-Fas antibody Jo2. At 12 hours of treatment, only 4±1% of splenocytes from K1 mice versus 17±2% of control splenocytes were undergoing apoptosis (P Conclusion: These results over all confirm that K1 is associated with lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma and provide plausible explanation of this phenomenon. Interference of K1 with Fas-mediated apoptosis disrupts the normal life cycle of lymphocytes.