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本研究目的為探究同志諮商心理師在同志諮商中出櫃及自我揭露的經驗，以及同志諮商心理師如何評估是否運用出櫃及自我揭露作為諮商策略。本研究訪談蒐集三位同志諮商心理師之同志諮商經驗，以敘事研究典範與方法進行資料分析。研究結果綜整同志諮商心理師在晤談中根據同志案主的主訴與狀態評估決定在諮商中是否出櫃及自我揭露，其中讓同志諮商心理師決定出櫃的意圖包含建立安全與平等的諮商關係，以及回應同志案主受污名影響的狀態；而選擇自我揭露的意圖則包含：（1）提供正向楷模經驗，拓展可能性、增加希望感；（2）鬆動案主對同志身分的污名認知及感受；（3）同理、支持及賦能。無論是出櫃還是自我揭露，受訪者皆會評估諮商目標以及助人效益與風險，助人者在自我揭露前也會評估與整理自己的狀態，並且依案主的需求來選擇揭露的內容。研究結果最後並呈現概念統整框架理解同志諮商心理師如何從個人生命經驗挪移到諮商專業經驗中選擇是否使用出櫃與自我揭露策略的三種情形：有出櫃但無自我揭露、有出櫃也有自我揭露，以及沒有出櫃但有自我揭露等。本研究根據結果提 出討論，並對同志諮商心理師及同志諮商實務、諮商專業及專業訓練和未來研究提出建議。 While coming out is a specific action that reveals one’s sexual-minority-identity, self-disclosure is a counseling technique that counselors expose their personal experiences relevant and beneficial to clients’ ultimate counseling goals. Since LGB Counseling psychologists are both sexual minority and counseling professionals, coming out and self-disclosure may seem to look similar from the outlook. Thus, they may come together, independently, consequently, or be obfuscated as the same. The study aims to investigate LGB counseling psychologists’ experiences working with LGBTQ clients, focusing on their assessment and evaluation of whether or not and how to use coming out and self-disclosure as counseling strategies. It also explored how LGB counseling psychologists’ life experiences as sexual minorities, professional training and theoretical orientations has any influences on their works with LGB clients. Three LGB counseling psychologists, self-identified as one lesbian in same-sex marriage, one gay in same-sex marriage, and one pan/bisexual female in hetero-sex marriage, were interviewed for their counseling experiences with LGBTQ clients and the data was analyzed in narrative research methodology. Results indicated how LGB counseling psychologists decided to come out or not in sessions and their strategies if they choose to come out and/or to self-disclose in counseling based on their evaluation of LGBTQ clients’ presenting issues, identity development stage, and conditions. LGB counseling psychologists reported that their intentions for coming out are to build safe and egalitarian counseling relationships with LGB clients, and to respond to clients’ internalized stigma and/or stigmatized loneliness and isolation. LGB counseling psychologists can use their coming out as examples and resources for clients to explore and clarify their internalized homophobia. They indicated that they would choose self-disclosure if they want to (1) provide a positive role model for and increase hope; (2) to loosen up LGBTQ clients’ perceptions and feelings of stigmatized identity, and (3) to provide empathy, support and empowerment. Participants would evaluate counseling goals, therapeutic effects, and risks when considering coming out or self-disclosure, as well as reflect on their own experiences and intentionally choose what to disclose to best meet clients’ needs. Conceptual frameworks are presented to further understand how LGB counseling psychologists choose to either come out without self-disclosure, to come out and disclose personal experiences, or to self-disclose without coming out. The study also found that counseling psychologist participants’ LGB life experiences, professional training and work experiences intertwined with each other and shaped their perspectives and evaluation of coming out and self-disclosure in working with LGB clients. We recognized that all participants in this study were LGB counseling psychologists with more than 6 years of clinical experiences, as well as having certain level of support from family and professional community. Thus, the results may not be able to apply to those who were less supported by significant others and less established professionally. Based on the findings, the study suggests that future research can investigate how LGB counseling psychologists evaluate and use their coming out and self-disclosure in sessions with heterosexual clients. In addition, we recommend that both LGB and heterosexual counseling psychologists diligently examine how our personal identities and life experiences impact on our clinical judgement, the intersections of personal and professional experiences. Therefore, LGB identities and life experiences can be valuable resources to use, not obstacles or stigmatized secret to hide when counseling psychologists working with LGB clients. By continuing to receive multicultural counseling training and enhancing understanding of our own intersexual identities rooted in the local sociocultural context, we counseling psychologists can better serve clients with diverse identities and experiences. &nbsp

SARS-COV-2 vaccination is being carried out worldwide. However, little is known about the effect of SARS-COV-2 vaccination on psychological problems faced by the medical staff. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors contributing to anxiety and depression among medical staff facing SARS-COV-2 vaccination.The GAD-7 and the PHQ-9 scales were used to investigate the anxiety and depression among participants involved in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Multivariate logistics regression analysis method was used to assess the risk factors related to anxiety or depression.A total of 6984 people responded to all the surveyed questions in our study, including 2707 medical staff and 4277 nonmedical staff. Of the participants, 680 reported anxiety, while 1354 reported depression. Higher anxiety levels were observed among medical staff (13.1 % vs. 7.6 % among the non-medical staff). Participants suffered from depression with higher numbers among medical staff (24.7 % vs. 16.0 % among the non-medical staff). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female medical staff was at higher risk of anxiety and depression compared to their male counterparts (OR = 1.497; OR = 1.417). Pregnancy intention increased the risk of anxiety and depression among medical staff (OR = 1.601; OR = 1.724).Our findings may not be extrapolated to other countries.Medical staff facing SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were more likely to suffer from anxiety or depression, especially the females planning for pregnancy. These results should assist in updating intervention guidelines for the mental health of medical staff facing vaccination.

Introduction: Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases in the world, and at present, ureteroscopy (URS) is the first choice for its treatment. Although the effect is good, there is a risk of insertion failure of ureteroscope. Tamsulosin, as an α-receptor blocker, has the function of relaxing ureteral muscles, and can help stones to be discharged from ureteral orifice. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of preoperative tamsulosin on ureteral navigation, operation, and safety. Methods: This study was conducted and reported according to the meta-analysis extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies. Data were extracted according to the PRISMA principles. We collected and combined randomized controlled trial and researches in reviews of preoperative tamsulosin to explore the effect of preoperative tamsulosin on ureteral navigation, operation, and safety. A data synthesis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software (Cochrane). Heterogeneity was mainly evaluated with I2 tests. Key metrics include: success rate of ureteral navigation, time of URS, stone-free rate, and postoperative symptoms. Result: We summarized and analyzed 6 studies. We noted a statistically significant improvement in the success rate of ureteral navigation (Mantel-Haenszel [M-H], odds ratio [OR]: 3.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.34, 6.12], p < 0.01) and stone-free rate (M-H, OR: 2.25, 95% CI: [1.16, 4.36], p = 0.02) with tamsulosin preoperatively. At the same time, we also observed that postoperative fever (M-H, OR: 0.37, 95% CI: [0.16, 0.89], p = 0.03) and postoperative analgesia (M-H, OR: 0.21, 95% CI: [0.05, 0.92], p = 0.04) were also reduced because of preoperative tamsulosin. Conclusion: Preoperative tamsulosin can not only increase the one-time success rate of ureteral navigation and the stone-free rate of URS but also reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse symptoms such as postoperative fever and postoperative pain.

The development of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology provides many preliminary references for experimental design. In addition, the CFD calculation results verified by experiments can display enormous microdata in areas that are difficult to measure through experiments, as an extension. This can make measurements more reasonable and effective, shorten measurement times, and save manpower and capital significantly. Therefore, it is vital to verify the accuracy of CFD calculation results, especially in cases of complex structures and multiphase flows. The results of model tests can be utilized in a prototype experiment by properly designing a test section and selecting a working fluid if the Reynolds similarity criterion is met. Optical measurement technology is a noninvasive measurement method, and the impact on the flow field can be almost negligible. It is advised to use transparent materials and prepare a refractive index-matching (RIM) fluid to obtain a good optical path. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in flow field visualization experiments because of its good light transmission and mechanical strength. This review is aimed at introducing the current status of different flow field measurement techniques; moreover, it is intended to help the readers to become more familiar with the principles of RIM, the characteristics, applications, and usage suggestions of various RIM fluid schemes of PMMA, providing references for researchers in the design, preparation, and conducting stages of flow field visualization measurement experiments. This review is divided into five sections. In the introduction section, Chapter 1, relevant research developments and related results of flow field measurements are presented, followed by the innovations and benefits of this paper. In Chapter 2, the flow field visualization measurements are presented and a derivation is shown. In Chapter 3, some RIM fluid schemes of PMMA and their applications are given, which are very valuable for peers. In Chapter 4, the measurement and analysis of some physical properties are described. In the RIM process, it is necessary to focus on the RI, density, dynamic viscosity, compatibility, stability, safety, and cost of RIM fluids. These factors greatly impact the accuracy of experimental results, experimental progress, and safety of the experimenters. Based on the analysis and our practical experience, some suggestions are given for preparing and using RIM fluids. In the conclusion section, Chapter 5, the results and practical implications of this paper are summarized.

The freezing front depth (zff) of annual freeze-thaw cycles is critical for monitoring the dynamics of the cryosphere under climate change because zff is a sensitive indicator of the heat balance over the atmosphere-cryosphere interface. Meanwhile, although it is very promising for acquiring global soil moisture distribution, the L-band microwave remote sensing products over seasonally frozen grounds and permafrost is much less than in wet soil. This study develops an algorithm, i.e., the brightness temperature inferred freezing front (BT-FF) model, for retrieving the interannual zff with the diurnal amplitude variation of L-band brightness temperature (ΔTB) during the freezing period. The new algorithm assumes first, the daily-scale solar radiation heating/cooling effect causes the daily surface thawing depth (ztf) variation, which leads further to ΔTB; second, ΔTB can be captured by an L-band radiometer; third, ztf and zff are negatively linear correlated and their relation can be quantified using the Stefan equation. In this study, the modeled soil temperature profiles from the land surface model (STEMMUS-FT, i.e., simultaneous transfer of energy, mass, and momentum in unsaturated soil with freeze and thaw) and TB observations from a tower-based L-band radiometer (ELBARA-III) at Maqu are used to validate the BT-FF model. It shows that, first, ΔTB can be precisely estimated from ztf during the daytime; second, the decreasing of ztf is linearly related to the increase of zff with the Stefan equation; third, the accuracy of retrieved zff is about 5-25 cm; fourth, the proposed model is applicable during the freezing period. The study is expected to extend the application of L-band TB data in cryosphere/meteorology and construct global freezing depth dataset in the future.

The synthesized SSF nanoflowers have high adsorption capacity and excellent selective separation ability for ReO4− in 3 M HCl solution.

A novel Cu-based “single atom” heterogeneous catalyst for a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction at room temperature with excellent yield was synthesized.

Anxiety is one of the most common withdrawal symptoms of methamphetamine (METH) abuse, which further drives relapse to drugs. Interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) has been implicated in anxiety-like behaviors and addiction, yet its role in METH-abstinence-induced anxiety remains unknown. Here, we found that prolonged abstinence from METH enhanced anxiety-like behaviors in male mice, accompanied by more excited IPN GABAergic neurons, as indicated by the increased c-fosexpression and the enhanced neuronal excitability by electrophysiological recording in the GABAergic neurons. Using the designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs method, specific inhibition of IPN GABAergic neurons rescued the aberrant neuronal excitation of IPN GABAergic neurons and efficiently reduced anxiety-like behaviors, whereas it did not induce depression-like behaviors in male mice after prolonged abstinence from METH. These findings reveal that IPN GABAergic neurons should be a promising brain target to alleviate late withdrawal symptoms from METH with few side effects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProlonged abstinence from METH triggers IPN GABAergic neurons and ultimately increases anxiety in male mice. Suppressing IPN GABAergic neurons rescues METH abstinence-induced aberrant neuronal excitation of IPN GABAergic neurons and efficiently reduces anxiety in mice.

Gastric varices (GV) represent a common and severe complication in patients with portal hypertension, commonly seen in patients with cirrhosis and severe pancreatic disease. Endoscopic ultrasonography is a safe and efficacious approach that can perform real-time ultrasonic scanning and intervention for the gastrointestinal submucosa, portal vein and its tributaries, and collateral circulations during direct endoscopic observation. Recently, various studies have been published about endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided management of GV, mainly including diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic analysis. This article reviews published articles and guidelines to present the development process and current management of EUS-guided GV procedures.

Soil moisture and soil temperature (SMST) are important state variables for quantifying the exchange of heat and water between land and atmosphere. Yet, long-term, regional-scale in situ SMST measurements are scarce on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), with even fewer are available for multiple soil depths. Tibet-Obs is such a long-term, regional-scale SMST observatory in the TP that has been established 10 years ago and includes three SMST monitoring networks, i.e. Maqu, Naqu, and Ngari (including Ali and Shiquanhe), located in the cold humid area covered by grassland, the cold semiarid area dominated by tundra, and the cold arid area dominated by desert, respectively. This paper presents a long-term (∼ 10 years) SMST profile dataset collected from the Tibet-Obs, which includes the original in situ measurements at a 15 min interval collected between 2008 and 2019 from all the three networks and the spatially upscaled data (SMups and STups) for the Maqu and Shiquanhe networks. The quality of the upscaled data is proved to be good, with errors that are generally better than the measured accuracy of adopted SMST sensors. Long-term analysis of the upscaled SMST profile data shows that the amplitudes of SMST variations decrease with increasing soil depth, and the deeper soil layers present a later onset of freezing and an earlier start of thawing and, thus, a shorter freeze–thaw duration in both the Maqu and Shiquanhe networks. In addition, there are notable differences between the relationships of SMups and STups under freezing conditions for the Maqu and Shiquanhe networks. No significant trend can be found for the SMups profile in the warm season (from May to October) for both networks that is consistent with the tendency of precipitation. A similar finding is also found for the STups profile and air temperature in the Shiquanhe network during the warm season. For the cold season (from November to April), a drying trend is noted for the SMups above 20 cm in the Maqu network, while no significant trend is found for those in the Shiquanhe network. Comparisons between the long-term upscaled data and five reanalysis datasets, including the ECMWF reanalysis v5 (ERA5), Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2 Catchment Land Surface Model (GLDAS-2.1 CLSM), GLDAS-2.1 Noah, and GLDAS-2.1 variable infiltration capacity (GLDAS-2.1 VIC), indicate that none of the current model-based products can reproduce the seasonal variations and interannual trend changes in the measured SMST profile dynamics in both networks. All the products underestimate the STups at every depth, leading to an earlier onset of freezing and a later onset of thawing, which essentially demonstrates that the current models are not able to adequately simulate winter conditions on the TP. In short, the presented dataset would be valuable for evaluation and improvement in long-term satellite- and model-based SMST products on the TP, enhancing the understanding of TP hydrometeorological processes and their response to climate change. The dataset is available in the 4TU.ResearchData repository at https://doi.org/10.4121/20141567.v1 (Zhang et al., 2022).

Introduction: Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction that usually has a rapid onset and may cause death. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical characteristics of anaphylaxis in children of all ages in Xi’an, China. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on anaphylaxis cases in the emergency department of the Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between January 1, 2016, and July 1, 2021. The statistical methods used were the χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and Z-test. Results: A total of 110 cases of anaphylaxis were collected: 70% were male, 13 were p < 0.05). Twenty cases (18.2%) had resolved spontaneously when they reached the hospital, 53 cases (48.1%) received epinephrine, 18 (16.4%) were hospitalized, and 2 (1.8%) experienced a biphasic reaction. Conclusions: Males are overrepresented in children with anaphylaxis, and food and drugs are common triggers in children. However, the types of common food triggers differ across age groups, and infants are more likely to have cardiovascular compromise and a reduced level of consciousness. However, the use of epinephrine remains inadequate. The training of clinical staff in recognizing anaphylaxis needs to be strengthened.

Hybridization caused by frequent environmental changes can lead both to species diversification (speciation) and to speciation reversal (despeciation), but the latter has rarely been demonstrated. Parthenocissus, a genus with its trifoliolate lineage in the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountains (HHM) region showing perplexing phylogenetic relationships, provides an opportunity for investigating speciation dynamics based on integrated evidence.We investigated phylogenetic discordance and reticulate evolution in Parthenocissus based on rigorous analyses of plastome and transcriptome data. We focused on reticulations in the trifoliolate lineage in the HHM region using a population-level genome resequencing dataset, incorporating evidence from morphology, distribution, and elevation.Comprehensive analyses confirmed multiple introgressions within Parthenocissus in a robust temporal-spatial framework. Around the HHM region, at least three hybridization hot spots were identified, one of which showed evidence of ongoing speciation reversal.We present a solid case study using an integrative methodological approach to investigate reticulate evolutionary history and its underlying mechanisms in plants. It demonstrates an example of speciation reversal through frequent hybridizations in the HHM region, which provides new perspectives on speciation dynamics in mountainous areas with strong topographic and environmental heterogeneity. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In this study, we investigated the surgical technique and endocrine assessment of pituitary function of patients with macroadenoma treated by extra-pseudocapsular transnasal transsphenoidal surgery (ETTS).Clinical data of 144 patients with pituitary macroadenomas in the same surgical group at the Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were retrospectively analyzed from January 2019 to June 2021. Based on the results of the endocrinological evaluation and MRI examinations before and after surgery, the fluctuation of pituitary function and the extent of resection were analyzed. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors affecting postoperative tumor residual.Among the 144 patients with pituitary macroadenomas, 72 (50.0%) were female and 72 (50.0%) were male, the median age was 50 years, 26 (18.1%) had invasiveness grade 0, 46 (31.9%) had grade I, 57 (39.6%) had grade II, and 15 (10.4%) had grade III according to Lu's classification method. Based on observation during surgery, 37 cases (25.7%) had no pseudocapsule, 54 cases (37.5%) had incomplete pseudocapsule, and 53 cases (36.8%) had intact pseudocapsule. In addition, 91 (63.2%) patients had total resection, 39 (27.1%) had subtotal resection, and 14 (9.7%) had partial resection. As for anterior pituitary function, 13 of 19 hypothyroid patients had recovery after surgery, with a remission rate of 68.4%. Eighteen of the 26 decreased cortisol patients got back to normal, with a remission rate of 69.2%. A total of 27 of 51 patients with hypogonadism improved, with a remission rate of 52.9%. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that gender, tumor size, and invasiveness were predictors of postoperative residual in patients (P0.05).The results showed that ETTS is an effective treatment modality for restoring the function of pituitary gland of the patients with macroadenomas. Tumor size and invasiveness are predictors of the extent of surgical resection and postoperative residual of macroadenomas.

The latest edition of the WHO classification of the central nervous system was published in 2021. This review summarizes the major revisions to the classification of anterior pituitary tumors. The most important revision involves preferring the terminology of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET), even though the terminology of pituitary adenoma (PA) still can be used according to this WHO classification compared to the previous one. Moreover, immunohistochemistry (IHC) examination of pituitary-specific transcription factors (TFs), including PIT1, TPIT, SF-1, GATA2/3, and ERα, is endorsed to determine the tumor cell lineage and to facilitate the classification of PitNET/PA subgroups. However, TF-negative IHC staining indicates PitNET/PA with no distinct cell lineages, which includes unclassified plurihormonal (PH) tumors and null cell (NC) tumors in this edition. The new WHO classification of PitNET/PA has incorporated tremendous advances in the understanding of the cytogenesis and pathogenesis of pituitary tumors. However, due to the shortcomings of the technology used in the diagnosis of PitNET/PA and the limited understanding of the tumorigenesis of PitNET/PA, the application of this new classification system in practice should be further evaluated and validated. Besides providing information for deciding the follow-up plans and adjunctive treatment after surgery, this classification system offers no additional help for neurosurgeons in clinical practice, especially in determining the treatment strategies. Therefore, it is necessary for neurosurgeons to establish a comprehensive pituitary classification system for PitNET/PA that incorporates neuroimaging grading data or direct observation of invasiveness during operation or the predictor of prognosis, as well as pathological diagnosis, thereby distinguishing the invasiveness of the tumor and facilitating neurosurgeons to decide on the treatment strategies and follow-up plans as well as adjunctive treatment after surgery.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (TMP-SMX) as the primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in adult recipients of kidney transplantation.Three kinds of prescriptions in kidney recipients were documented, including 20 mg TMP/100 mg SMX oral daily, 20 mg TMP/100 mg SMX oral every other day, and nonprophylaxis. The primary outcome was the incidence of PJP in the first 180 days of follow-up after kidney transplantation. The secondary outcomes were changes in renal and liver function.Among the 1469 recipients, 1066 (72.56%) received 20 mg TMP/100 mg SMX daily, 127 (8.65%) received 20 mg TMP/100 mg SMX every other day, and 276 (18.79%) did not have prophylaxis prescription. The 276 recipients in the nonprophylaxis group had 124.92 person-years of follow-up, during which PJP occurred in 29 patients, for an incidence rate of 23.21 (95% confidence interval 15.76-32.72) per 100 person-years. The TMP-SMX daily group and the TMP-SMX every other day group had 524.89 and 62.07 person-years of follow-up, respectively, with no occurrence of PJP. There was no significant difference among the three groups in changes in renal and liver function (P0.05, respectively). A total of 111 recipients in each group were enrolled in the propensity score matching analysis. It was revealed that the 111 nonprophylaxis recipients had 51.27 person-years of follow-up and 10 PJP cases. Prophylaxis was considered effective because there was a significant difference between the three groups (P0.001).Low-dose TMP-SMX prophylaxis significantly reduces the incidence of PJP within 6 months after kidney transplantation and has a favorable safety profile.

In recent years, the cultural tourism industry has been developing rapidly, becoming an important driving force in leading China's consumption upgrade and bringing many dividends to economic growth, and promoting the high-quality development of the cultural tourism industry has become an indispensable key element in the integration strategy of the Yangtze River Delta. The article analyses the current situation of cultural and tourism integration in the Yangtze River Delta and finds that there are currently deficiencies with the integration in the Yangtze River Delta, such as the lagging development of product formats, insufficient extension of industrial chains, insufficient investment in elements and weak regional linkages. The article suggests strengthening innovation, promoting the iterative upgrading of cultural tourism products and modes, integrating resources to expand the cultural tourism industry chain, increasing investment in elements to build the foundation of the cultural tourism industry, and taking advantage of each other's strengths while coordinating planning, in order to promote the high-quality development of the cultural tourism industry in the Yangtze River Delta region, with the dividends radiating to the surrounding areas.

Photosynthesis is susceptible in response to nitrogen (N) deficiency. However, the acclimation of shade-tolerant and high-N sensitive species to N deficiency is unclear. Leaf morpho-physiological traits, photosynthetic performance related parameters were examined in a shade-tolerant and high-N sensitive species P. notoginseng grown under different N levels. Lower N content and Chl content were recorded in the N0-grown P. notoginseng. The maximum values of leaf morpho-physiological traits, photosynthetic rate, and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) were obtained in the N15-grown P. notoginseng. Coefficients for leaf N allocation into the carboxylation and light-harvesting system components in the N0-grown plants were significantly higher than others. N0 and N7.5 plants showed higher K phase. N addition decreased the absorption and capture of the light energy per unit area (ABS/RC and TRO/RC) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Photochemical quenching (qP), electron transport rate (ETR), and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ϕPSII) were reduced in the N0-grown plants. The reduction of light-harvesting and utilization capacity not only leads to a decrease in PNUE, but also induces the damage of PSII reaction center. Overall, the inhibition of leaf growth and photosynthetic capacity is an essential strategy for high-N sensitive and shade-tolerant plants in response to N deficiency.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating disease that primarily affects the hips of young adults. The purpose of this study is to report the mid-term results of impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil using the lightbulb technique for ONFH.From 1998 to 2016, 50 hips with late precollapsed or early postcollapsed ONFH (28 hips with Association Research Circulation Osseous [ARCO] IIC and 22 with IIIA) were treated by impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil using the lightbulb technique. The survival rate was analyzed with conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) as the end point.Thirty-one of the 50 hips had a successful clinical result without conversion to THA at a mean follow-up of 109.2 months. The 5-year survival rate was 68%, 82.1%, and 50% for the entire cohort, ARCO stage IIC, and ARCO stage IIIA, respectively. The 19 hips that had failed were converted to THA at an average of 52.8 months. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model showed that an ARCO stage IIIA disease, a lateral lesion, and a necrotic index ≥0.67 were the independent risk factors for conversion to THA.As a head-preserving procedure, the lightbulb technique using impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil is worthwhile for patients in an earlier stage of disease and smaller lesion size to postpone the need for THA.

Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation has been widely studied with various approaches to address domain shift with labeled source-domain data combined with scarcely labeled target-domain data. Model adaptation is becoming promising with a paradigm of source pre-training and target fine-tuning, which eliminates the simultaneous availability of data from both domains and makes for data privacy. Among the model adaptation methods, Entropy Minimization (EM) is popularly incorporated to encourage a low-density separation on target samples. However, EM tends to brutally force models to make over-confident predictions, which could make the models collapse with deteriorated performance. In this paper, we first study the over-confidence of EM with a quantitative analysis, which shows the importance of capturing the dependency among labels. To address this issue, we propose to guide EM via longitudinal self-distillation. Specifically, we produce a dynamic "teacher" label distribution during training by constructing a graph on target data and perform pseudo-label propagation to encourage the "teacher" distribution to capture context category dependency based on a global data structure. Then EM is guided longitudinally by distilling the learned label distribution to combat the brute-force over-confidence. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.

Fruit abscission is a severe hindrance to commercial crop production, and a lack of carbohydrates causes fruit abscission to intensify in a variety of plant species. However, the precise mechanism by which carbohydrates affect fruit setting potential has yet to be determined. In the current study, we noticed negative correlation between hexose level and fruit setting by comparing different cultivars, bearing shoots of varying diameters, and girdling and defoliation treatments. The cumulative fruit-dropping rate was significantly reduced in response to exogenous glucose dipping. These results suggested that hexose, especially glucose, is the key player in lowering litchi fruit abscission. Moreover, five putative litchi hexokinase genes (LcHXKs) were isolated and the subcellular localization as well as activity of their expressed proteins in catalyzing hexose phosphorylation were investigated. LcHXK2 was only found in mitochondria and expressed catalytic protein, whereas the other four HXKs were found in both mitochondria and nuclei and had no activity in catalyzing hexose phosphorylation. LcHXK1 and LcHXK4 were found in the same cluster as previously reported hexose sensors AtHXK1 and MdHXK1. Furthermore, VIGS-mediated silencing assay confirms that LcHXK1 suppression increases fruit abscission. These findings revealed that LcHXK1 functions as hexose sensor, negatively regulating litchi fruit abscission.