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Introducción. Este artículo presenta el proyecto de innovación educativa #educalabEDU, y sus posteriores resultados. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente artículo (financiado en convocatoria interna por la Universidad Católica de Murcia) es desarrollar escenarios educativos 3.0 como respuesta a períodos POSTCOVID-19 y vincular la docencia universitaria con la práctica profesional en los grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria en las Universidades Católica San Antonio de Murcia y Pontificia Comillas en Madrid. Metodología. Se trata de una investigación educativa basada en los resultados obtenidos a partir de un cuestionario pasado a 59 estudiantes de la universidad que participaron en un proyecto de innovación educativa. El proyecto se centra en el uso educativo de la red social Twitter y el aprendizaje colaborativo entre estudiantes. Se fomenta el contacto directo con profesionales de la educación a través de diferentes sesiones en dicha red social, se investiga y se organiza la información de manera cooperativa y finaliza el proyecto con el desarrollo de un laboratorio social educativo que pone en diálogo a los futuros maestros y futuras maestras con docentes de experiencia contrastada. Resultados. Los principales resultados arrojan una alta participación y motivación ante la metodología de trabajo, el alumnado participante manifiesta que se ha fortalecido el nexo de unión entre la sociedad y la propia universidad, se fomenta el contacto entre estudiantes de diferente índole y origen. Conclusiones. Apuntan a que se ha establecido un espacio de comunicación recíproco en el que el estudiantado y profesorado, con dilatada experiencia profesional, han podido compartir conocimientos, reflexiones y todo tipo de materiales didácticos. Resultó esta una propuesta beneficiosa de aprendizaje dialógico ante la situación pandémica.

This study aimed to analyze the acute mechanical, metabolic and EMG response to five resistance exercise protocols (REP) in the full squat (SQ) exercise performed with two velocity conditions: maximal intended velocity (MaxV) vs. half-maximal velocity (HalfV). Eleven resistance-trained men performed 10 REP (5 with each velocity conditions) in random order (72–96 h apart). The REP consisted of three sets of 8–3 repetitions against 45–65% 1RM. The percent change in countermovement jump (CMJ) height, velocity attained with the load that elicited a ~1.00 m·s−1 (V1-load), surface EMG variables and blood lactate concentration were assessed pre- vs. post-exercise protocols. MaxV resulted in greater percent changes (Δ: 12–25%) and intra-condition effect sizes (ES: 0.76–4.84) in loss of V1-load and CMJ height compared to HalfV (Δ: 10–16%; ES: 0.65–3.90) following all REP. In addition, MaxV showed higher post-exercise lactate concentration than HalfV (ES: 0.46–0.83; p

Pertussis is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable respiratory tract infection, with high morbidity and mortality and a particularly severe effect on newborns and infants under 2 months. The first pertussis vaccines were introduced in the 1940s. Since 1980, however, the incidence of cases has risen despite the extensive vaccination programmes and antibiotic adjuvant treatments available. Transition from the use of whole-cell vaccines to acellular vaccines and the antigenic modifications of Bordetella pertussis have contributed, among other factors, to a reduction in vaccine-acquired immunity and reemergence of the disease. Today, there are still unmet needs not covered by conventional prevention measures and existing antibiotic treatments. This review aims to update the available data, and to discuss which vaccine strategies might contribute to better disease control and prevention.

Martinez-Cava, A, Hernandez-Belmonte, A, Courel-Ibanez, J, Moran-Navarro, R, Gonzalez-Badillo, JJ, and Pallares, JG. Bench press at full range of motion produces greater neuromuscular adaptations than partial executions after prolonged resistance training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-Training at a particular range of motion (ROM) produces specific neuromuscular adaptations. However, the effects of full and partial ROM in one of the most common upper-limb exercises such as the bench press (BP) remain controversial. In this study, 50 recreationally to highly resistance trained men were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 training groups: full bench press (BPFULL), two-thirds bench press (BP2/3), and one-third bench press (BP1/3) and control (training cessation). Experimental groups completed a 10-week velocity-based resistance training program using the same relative load (linear periodization, 60-80% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), only differing in the ROM trained. Individual ROM for each BP variation was determined in the familiarization and subsequently replicated in every lift during training and testing sessions. Neuromuscular adaptations were evaluated by 1RM strength and mean propulsive velocity (MPV). The BPFULL group obtained the best results for the 3 BP variations (effect size [ES] = 0.52-1.96); in turn, partial BP produced smaller improvements as the ROM decreased (BP2/3: ES = 0.29-0.78; BP1/3: ES = -0.01 to 0.66). After 10-week of training cessation, the control group declined in all neuromuscular parameters (ES = 0.86-0.92) except in MPV against low loads. Based on these findings, the BPFULL stands as the most effective exercise to maximize neuromuscular improvements in recreational and well-trained athletes compared with partial ROM variations.

In this paper, we describe and discuss emergent digital technologies employed for monitoring the excavations at the archaeological site of Barranco León (Granada, Spain) between 2017 and 2020. The method entails the following material requirements: a total station, a conventional camera, a computer and a software that integrates photogrammetry algorithms; in terms of human resources, the presence of an engineer for the first day of the excavation to set up the methodological process and trained excavation staff to perform said method on a daily basis is necessary. Here we present the daily workflow for monitoring archaeological excavations introduced at the site, followed by an estimation of the costs and a summary of the results obtained. The method introduced here is based on the height difference of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) computed on successive days using photogrammetric techniques. It is a non-invasive method, which requires less than 8% of the economic resources of the excavation and can be carried out in less than 15 minutes. This allows the excavation director to have an accurate and visual idea of the excavation process in order to make appropriate decisions. In addition, from the results obtained in the method (differences in DEM of every two days), other derived results can be obtained such as the exact location of the archaeological remains extracted based on their size. These features highlight the relevance and applicability of this approach to a wide range of archaeological sites., En este artículo, describimos y discutimos las tecnologías digitales emergentes utilizadas para la monitorización de las excavaciones del yacimiento arqueológico de Barranco León (Granada, España) entre las campañas de 2017 y 2020. El método implica el uso de los siguientes recursos materiales: una estación total, una cámara de fotos convencional, un ordenador y un programa que integre algoritmos de fotogrametría; referente a los recursos humanos, es necesaria la presencia de un ingeniero durante el primer día de la excavación para establecer el proceso metodológico y un excavador entrenado para llevar a cabo dicho método diariamente. Aquí, presentamos un flujo de trabajo diario para la monitorización de la excavación de un yacimiento arqueológico, seguido de una estimación de los costos y un resumen de los resultados obtenidos. El método presentado se basa en la diferencia de altura de los modelos digitales del terreno (MDT) calculados en sucesivos días utilizando técnicas fotogramétricas. Es un método no invasivo, que requiere menos del 8% del coste total de la excavación y se puede llevar a cabo en menos de 15 minutos. Esto permite que el director de la excavación tenga una visión precisa y una idea visual del proceso de excavación para tomar las decisiones adecuadas. Además, a partir de los resultados obtenidos en el método (diferencias en MDT de cada dos días), se pueden obtener otros resultados derivados como la ubicación exacta de los restos arqueológicos extraídos en función de su tamaño., Junta de Andalucia BC.03.032/17, FEDER 2020 Operative Program Research Project A-HUM-016-UGR18

One of the challenges posed by renewable energies is the stabilization of parameters related to the quality of electrical energy. This study demonstrates the existence of a relationship between input blocks of hydropower and the variation of the fundamental frequency of the electricity grid. By mapping production data provided by Spanish Electric Network with frequency measured in the laboratory, it is shown that gradients of hydropower are correlated with frequency fluctuations for certain characteristic times. Considering hourly instances of energy input, the study compares two methods for calculating hydropower gradients (linear regression and pseudo-linear regression); and two methods for calculating local frequency extremes (the "specular inertia" method and analysis by comparison with the moving average), in order to corroborate the results.

Termites are key decomposers of dead plant material involved in the organic matter recycling process in warm terrestrial ecosystems. Due to their prominent role as urban pests of timber, research efforts have been directed toward biocontrol strategies aimed to use pathogens in their nest. However, one of the most fascinating aspects of termites is their defense strategies that prevent the growth of detrimental microbiological strains in their nests. One of the controlling factors is the nest allied microbiome. Understanding how allied microbial strains protect termites from pathogen load could provide us with an enhanced repertoire for fighting antimicrobial-resistant strains or mining for genes for bioremediation purposes. However, a necessary first step is to characterize these microbial communities. To gain a deeper understanding of the termite nest microbiome, we used a multi-omics approach for dissecting the nest microbiome in a wide range of termite species. These cover several feeding habits and three geographical locations on two tropical sides of the Atlantic Ocean known to host hyper-diverse communities. Our experimental approach included untargeted volatile metabolomics, targeted evaluation of volatile naphthalene, a taxonomical profile for bacteria and fungi through amplicon sequencing, and further diving into the genetic repertoire through a metagenomic sequencing approach. Naphthalene was present in species belonging to the genera Nasutitermes and Cubitermes. We investigated the apparent differences in terms of bacterial community structure and discovered that feeding habits and phylogenetic relatedness had a greater influence than geographical location. The phylogenetic relatedness among nests' hosts influences primarily bacterial communities, while diet influences fungi. Finally, our metagenomic analysis revealed that the gene content provided both soil-feeding genera with similar functional profiles, while the wood-feeding genus showed a different one. Our results indicate that the nest functional profile is largely influenced by diet and phylogenetic relatedness, irrespective of geographical location.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a complex disease whose prognosis depends on the causative microorganism, among other factors. The latter can be difficult to identify and/or treat. In this narrative review, we identify knowledge gaps in the diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment of IE, and attempt to shed light on current questions. Specifically, we: (1) analyze the factors that may hinder the microbiological diagnosis of blood culture-negative IE, as well as the role of new imaging techniques, such as 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG PET/CT), in the diagnostic capacity of this disease, understanding their advantages and assuming their limitations; (2) discuss the therapeutic approach to various difficult-to-treat microorganisms. In particular, we focus on the treatment of staphylococcal IE since, at present, staphylococci are the most frequent cause of IE in developed countries and staphylococcal IE is one of those with the highest short- and long-term mortality. We critically evaluate the current evidence on combination therapy and address the occurrence of serious side effects, an aspect that is often overlooked owing to the severity of the infection; and (3) emphasize the need for home antimicrobial treatment of patients with IE, as these are fragile people who benefit from an early return to their environment. This poses undoubted logistical challenges and requires robust evidence to ensure the best short- and long-term outcomes.

Resumen La emergencia sanitaria ha permanecido activa afectando a gran porcentaje de la población mundial. Los países han generado diversas estrategias con la finalidad de frenar su avance a través de protocolos sanitarios, junto con la readecuación de los sistemas educativos. Las clases presenciales se trasladaron a una modalidad on-line, donde el profesorado de acuerdo con sus contextos generó las adecuaciones que aportaron continuidad a los procesos. La complejidad de esta tarea requiere de líderes cuyas prácticas permitan dinamizar los procesos pedagógicos, de gestión y comunicación con todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa en congruencia con los cambiantes acontecimientos. Este artículo presenta la construcción de significados y prácticas de liderazgo utilizadas por cinco líderes de Salas Cuna y Jardines Infantiles públicos en Chile durante los años 2020 y 2021. Para ello se trabajó bajo un paradigma comprensivo- interpretativo; un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño situado en la Teoría Fundamentada. Como instrumento de recolección de datos se utilizaron entrevistas narrativas. El estudio de los datos fue realizado a través de análisis de contenido y mediante la utilización del Software Atlas.ti versión 9.0. Los hallazgos presentados relevan la importancia de las prácticas de liderazgo en el trabajo educativo. Igualmente muestra las características propias del nivel de educación parvularia, donde los procesos de liderazgo son situados y propenden al cuidado, la distribución de tareas y la confianza.

In the present study, a comparative human toxicity assessment between newly developed Mn3O4 nanoparticles with enhanced electrochemical properties (GNA35) and their precursor material (Mn3O4) was performed, employing different in vitro cellular models representing main exposure routes (inhalation, intestinal and dermal contact), namely the human alveolar carcinoma epithelial cell line (A549), the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29), and the reconstructed 3D human epidermal model EpiDerm. The obtained results showed that Mn3O4 and GNA35 harbour similar morphological characteristics, whereas differences were observed in relation to their surface area and electrochemical properties. In regard to their toxicological properties, both nanomaterials induced ROS in the A549 and HT29 cell lines, while cell viability reduction was only observed in the A549 cells. Concerning their skin irritation potential, the studied nanomaterials did not cause a reduction of the skin tissue viability in the test conditions nor interleukin 1 alpha (IL- 1 α) release. Therefore, they can be considered as not irritant nanomaterials according to EU and Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling Chemicals. Our findings provide new insights about the potential harmful effects of Mn3O4 nanomaterials with different properties, demonstrating that the hazard assessment using different human in vitro models is a critical aspect to increase the knowledge on their potential impact upon different exposure routes.

Resumen Introduccion Recientemente, Kingella kingae (K. kingae) se ha descrito como el principal agente causal de infecciones osteoarticulares entre los 6 meses y 2 anos de vida. Mas excepcional es su presentacion en forma de cluster de infeccion invasiva por K. kingae. Se describe la investigacion del primer brote de 3 casos de artritis septica causada por K. kingae documentado en Espana en una guarderia de Roses, Girona. Pacientes y metodos En diciembre del 2015, se realizo frotis faringeo a todos los ninos de la misma clase de la guarderia. La muestra estaba compuesta por 9 lactantes (rango de edad: 16-23 meses), que incluia los 3 casos indice. El estudio microbiologico se realizo mediante cultivo y RT-PCR especificos a K. kingae. Se administro amoxicilina y rifampicina profilacticas a todos los que presentaron colonizacion por K. kingae. Despues de finalizar la profilaxis, se tomo un nuevo frotis faringeo para confirmar la erradicacion. Resultados Se detecto K. kingae por RT-PCR en los 3 casos indices y 5/6 companeros de clase. Los cultivos fueron negativos en todos los casos. Despues de recibir profilaxis, 3 lactantes aun presentaban positividad a K. kingae en RT-PCR. Conclusiones K. kingae puede causar brotes de enfermedad invasiva en comunidades cerradas. Para una adecuada investigacion, se requiere un mayor conocimiento de su existencia, asi como una mejoria de la sensibilidad de las pruebas diagnosticas. En nuestra experiencia, la administracion de profilaxis antibiotica puede erradicar parcialmente la colonizacion orofaringea por K. kingae. Despues de la profilaxis no se detectaron nuevos casos.

The mortality of septic shock remains high [Ann Intensive Care. 2017;7:19], so apart from usual therapy based on source control and antibiotics, some patients may need rescue therapies. Blood purification systems may play a role by facilitating the nonspecific removal of inflammatory mediators and microbiological toxins. There are different hemoadsorption systems, we describe in this case report the sequential use of Polymyxin B (PMX) endotoxin-adsorbing column (Toraymixin PMX-20R; Toray, Tokyo, Japan) and Cytosorb® (Cytosorbents Corp., New Jersey, USA).

Aim: To implement the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methodology in syphilis samples previously characterized by enhanced CDC typing (ECDCT) and macrolide resistance. Materials & methods: MLST was performed on genital ulcer and blood samples by analyzing a region of the tp0136, tp0548 and tp0705 loci using Sanger sequencing. Results: Up to 59/85 (69.4%) of genital ulcer and 4/39 (10.3%) of whole blood samples were fully typed. The most frequent profiles were 1.3.1 (56%) and 1.1.1 (11%). All the 1.3.1 samples typed carried the A2058G mutation, responsible for macrolide resistance. MLST and ECDCT showed similar overall typing yields. Conclusion: Several allelic profiles of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum were identified and classified into two major genetic clades in Barcelona. Our results were similar to that described in Europe.

Purpose: To analyze the relationships between the evolution of training-load values and countermovement jump (CMJ) as an indicator of stress and fatigue in a high-level 800-m runner during a whole season, including indoor (ID) and outdoor season (OD). Methods: Over 42 weeks, daily training load was quantified as the result of the product of the intensity and volume, and it was termed load index (LI). CMJ was measured in every running session after warm-up and immediately after the last effort of the session. Other jump-related variables such as CMJ height loss, average weekly CMJ, initial CMJ of the next consecutive session, and initial CMJ of the following week were studied. Results: A significant negative relationship was observed between LI and weekly CMJ (ID: r = −.68, P r = −.73, P r = −.71, P r = −.58, P r = −.52, P r = .72; P r = −.74; P r = −64, P Conclusions: CMJ may be a valid indicator of the degree of stress or fatigue generated by specific training sessions of a competitive athlete within a single session, a week, or even the following week. There could be an individual limit LI value from which the training volume does not allow a positive effect on high-speed actions such as a CMJ in the next consecutive session.

11 pags., 6 figs., 5 tabs., Multidrug resistance against conventional antibiotics poses an important threat to human health. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been extensively studied for their antibacterial activity and promising results have been shown so far. However, AMPs tend to be rather vulnerable to protease degradation, which offsets their therapeutic appeal. Here, we demonstrate how replacing functional residues in the antimicrobial region of human RNase 3 - also named eosinophil cationic protein - by non-natural amino acids increases stability in human serum. These changes were also shown to reduce the hemolytic effect of the peptides in general terms, whereas the antimicrobial activity was reasonably preserved. Digestion profiles enabled us to design new peptides with superior stability and lower toxicity that could become relevant candidates to reach clinical stages., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades: SAF2015-72518-EXP, SAF2017- ́ 82158-R and RYC-2012-09999 to M.T.; CTQ2017-84371-P to M.A.J.; AGL2014-52395-C2; AGL2017-84097-C2-2-R to D.A. and PID2019-106123GB-I00 to E.B. Additional financial support from the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, ESCMID 2016, to M.T., the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 2019 LLAV 00029 to M.T. and 2016 PROD 00060 to E.B. The “Marí a de Maeztu” Program for Units of Excellence in R&D from the Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Competitiveness (MINECO) for work at Pompeu Fabra University (D.A.) is acknowledged. This work was supported, in part, by the European Regional Development Fund ‘A Way to Achieve Europe’ [Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (Grant No. RD16/0016/0003)]. D.S. and B.C.-A. are recipients of pre-doctoral FPI scholarships (PRE2018-083243 and BES-2015-073383, respectively) from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades.

For more than a century, many concepts and several theories and principles pertaining to the goals, organization, methodology and evaluation of the effects of resistance training (RT) have been developed and discussed between coaches and scientists. This cumulative body of knowledge and practices has contributed substantially to the evolution of RT methodology. However, a detailed and rigorous examination of the existing literature reveals many inconsistencies that, unless resolved, could seriously hinder further progress in our field. The purpose of this review is to constructively expose, analyze and discuss a set of anomalies present in the current RT methodology, including: (a) the often inappropriate and misleading terminology used, (b) the need to clarify the aims of RT, (c) the very concept of maximal strength, (d) the control and monitoring of the resistance exercise dose, (e) the existing programming models and (f) the evaluation of training effects. A thorough and unbiased examination of these deficiencies could well lead to the adoption of a revised paradigm for RT. This new paradigm must guarantee a precise knowledge of the loads being applied, the effort they involve and their effects. To the best of our knowledge, currently this can only be achieved by monitoring repetition velocity during training. The main contribution of a velocity-based RT approach is that it provides the necessary information to know the actual training loads that induce a specific effect in each athlete. The correct adoption of this revised paradigm will provide coaches and strength and conditioning professionals with accurate and objective information concerning the applied load (relative load, level of effort and training effect). This knowledge is essential to make rational and informed decisions and to improve the training methodology itself.

Termites represent one of the most important insect groups worldwide due to their key role as plant decomposers and proxy of carbon recycling in the tropical rainforest ecosystems. Besides, high relevance in research has been given to these social insects due to a prominent role as urban pests. However, one of the most fascinating aspects of termites are their defence strategies that prevent the growth of detrimental microbiological strains on their nests. One success factor is the key role of the nest allied microbiome. Understanding how beneficial microbial strains aid termites in pathogen biocontrol strategies could provide us with an enhanced repertoire for fighting antimicrobial resistant strains or mine for genes for bioremediation purposes.We carried out a multiomics approach for dissecting the nest microbiome in a wide range of termite species, covering several feeding habits and three geographical locations at two tropical sides of the Atlantic Ocean, and an African savanna. Our experimental approach included untargeted volatile metabolomics, targeted evaluation of volatile naphthalene, taxonomical profile for bacteria and fungi through amplicon sequencing, and further dive into the genetic repertoire through a metagenomic sequencing approach.Volatile naphthalene was present in species belonging to the genera Nasutitermes and Cubitermes. We further assessed the apparent differences in terms of bacterial community structure, having found a stronger influence from feeding habits and genera, rather than the geographical location. Lastly, our metagenomic analysis revealed that the gene content provides both soil feeding genera with similar functional profiles, while the wood feeding genus shows a different one. These results seem to be independent of the geographical location, indicating that the nest functional profile is heavily influenced by the diet of the termite inhabiting, building, and maintaining the nest.

Proteomic profile; Organ dysfunction; Septic shock Perfil proteòmic; Disfunció orgànica; Xoc sèptic Perfil proteómico; Disfunción orgánica; Choque séptico Introduction The search for new biomarkers that allow an early diagnosis in sepsis and predict its evolution has become a necessity in medicine. The objective of this study is to identify, through omics techniques, potential protein biomarkers that are expressed in patients with sepsis and their relationship with organ dysfunction and mortality. Methods Prospective, observational and single-center study that included adult patients (≥ 18 years) who were admitted to a tertiary hospital and who met the criteria for sepsis. A mass spectrometry-based approach was used to analyze the plasma proteins in the enrolled subjects. Subsequently, using recursive feature elimination classification and cross-validation with a vector classifier, an association of these proteins with mortality and organ dysfunction was established. The protein-protein interaction network was analyzed with String software. Results 141 patients were enrolled in this study. Mass spectrometry identified 177 proteins. Of all of them, and by recursive feature elimination, nine proteins (GPX3, APOB, ORM1, SERPINF1, LYZ, C8A, CD14, APOC3 and C1QC) were associated with organ dysfunction (SOFA > 6) with an accuracy of 0.82 ± 0.06, precision of 0.85 ± 0.093, sensitivity 0.81 ± 0.10, specificity 0.84 ± 0.10 and AUC 0.82 ± 0.06. Twenty-two proteins (CLU, LUM, APOL1, SAA1, CLEBC3B, C8A, ITIH4, KNG1, AGT, C7, SAA2, APOH, HRG, AFM, APOE, APOC1, C1S, SERPINC1, IGFALS, KLKB1, CFB and BTD) were associated with mortality with an accuracy of 0.86 ± 0.05, a precision of 0.91 ± 0.05, a sensitivity of 0.91 ± 0.05, a specificity of 0.72 ± 0.17, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 ± 0.08 with a confidence interval of 95%. Conclusion In sepsis there are proteomic patterns associated with organ dysfunction and mortality. To Toni del Pino, Rosa Ras and Pol Herrero from the Proteomics and Metabolomics Area of the Center for Omic Sciences (COS), a Joint between Rovira I Virgili University and Eurecat (Reus, Spain), for their contribution to the proteomics analysis. Samples and data from patients included in this study were provided by the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Biobank (PT20/00107), integrated in the Spanish National Biobanks Network, and they were processed following standard operating procedures with the appropriate approval of the Ethical and Scientific Committees. The authors kindly appreciate the generous donation of samples and clinical data of the donors of the Sepsis Bank of HUVH Biobank.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry systems are designed for rapid and reliable microbial identification. VITEK MS PRIME is the bioMérieux's new generation instrument equipped with a continuous load-and-go sample loading system, urgent slide prioritization for critical patient samples and new internal components for faster identification. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of VITEK MS PRIME and to compare it to that of the VITEK MS system. In addition, at two sites, we performed a time-and-motion study to evaluate the efficiency of sample analysis from colony picking to slide removal from the instrument. We analyzed by VITEK MS and VITEK MS PRIME a total of 1413 isolates (1320 bacterial and 76 yeast) deriving from routine diagnostic samples that came into four laboratories in Canada, France, Italy, and Spain. VITEK MS PRIME and VITEK MS were concordant to the species and genus level for 1354/1413 (95.8%) and to the species level for 1341/1413 (94.9%). The identification and concordance rates in individual centers were largely homogenous. Overall, VITEK MS PRIME identified 1370/1413 (97.0%) of isolates compared to 1367/1413 (96.7%) identified by VITEK MS. Identification rates were consistently high for all microorganism categories. A time-and-motion study showed that the use of VITEK MS PRIME was associated with significant time saving. VITEK MS PRIME performs as well as VITEK MS and reduces the time necessary for pathogen identification. To fully optimize the laboratory process and obtain maximum efficiency, VITEK MS PRIME must be integrated into the laboratory workflow.

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar distintas cuestiones relacionadas con el régimen sancionador aplicable al incumplimiento de las medidas adoptadas durante la vigencia de la declaración del estado de alarma como consecuencia de la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por la covid-19. Más concretamente, dada su eventual eficacia invalidante de las sanciones, se aborda la idoneidad del estado declarado de entre los previstos en el artículo 116 de la Constitución española, a la luz del supuesto concurrente y la afección a los derechos fundamentales, para, seguidamente, exponer las distintas normas que se han estimado aplicables para punir los incumplimientos antedichos. Tras examinar las diversas posturas mantenidas y, en particular, la interpretación de la Ley Orgánica 4/2015 como susceptible de sancionar la desobediencia a los mandatos contenidos en el Real Decreto de declaración del estado de alarma, se razona la procedencia de aplicar la Ley 33/2011 por ser la única que tipifica el incumplimiento de medidas adoptadas en respuesta a crisis sanitarias; ello sin perjuicio de la punición de la desobediencia a órdenes de la autoridad con apoyo en otra normativa. Finalmente, se realiza una somera justificación de la pervivencia de las sanciones una vez concluida la declaración del estado de alarma.

This study aimed to compare the effects of three resistance training (RT) programs differing in the magnitude of velocity loss (VL) allowed in each exercise set: 10%, 30%, or 45% on changes in strength, vertical jump, sprint performance, and EMG variables. Thirty-three young men were randomly assigned into three experimental groups (VL10%, VL30%, and VL45%; n = 11 each) that performed a velocity-based RT program for 8 weeks using only the full squat exercise (SQ). Training load (55-70% 1RM), frequency (2 sessions/week), number of sets (3), and inter-set recovery (4 min) were identical for all groups. Running sprint (20 m), countermovement jump (CMJ), 1RM, muscle endurance, and EMG during SQ were assessed pre- and post-training. All groups showed significant (VL10%: 6.4-58.6%; VL30%: 4.5-66.2%; VL45%: 1.8-52.1%; p < 0.05-0.001) improvements in muscle strength and muscle endurance. However, a significant group × time interaction (p < 0.05) was observed in CMJ, with VL10% showing greater increments (11.9%) than VL30% and VL45%. In addition, VL10% resulted in greater percent change in sprint performance than the other two groups (VL10%: -2.4%; VL30%: -1.8%; and VL45%: -0.5%). No significant changes in EMG variables were observed for any group. RT with loads of 55-70% 1RM characterized by a low-velocity loss (VL10%) provides a very effective and efficient training stimulus since it yields similar strength gains and greater improvements in sports-related neuromuscular performance (jump and sprint) compared to training with higher velocity losses (VL30%, VL45%). These findings indicate that the magnitude of VL reached in each exercise set considerably influences the observed training adaptations., Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain

The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during wastewater treatment leads to concerns about whether this process may represent a focal point for the transmissi...

Geopolymerized mine tailings (MTs), as an alternative to reuse the mine wastes, can be used for construction materials (e.g., geopolymer concrete and bricks) depending on their mechanical properties. Their strength values, which can range from a couple of MPa to tens of MPa, are significant evidence for their application in the construction industry. In practice, geopolymers activated with different NaOH molarities can significantly affect the mechanical properties of MTs. The mechanical behavior of geopolymers under monotonic loading also has been widely investigated. However, the potential hazard of the exposure of geopolymer concrete/bricks to cyclic loading has received limited attention. This paper presents a study we conducted on geopolymers made by activation of MTs under cyclic loading to understand their crack and damage behaviors, including the influence of factors such as NaOH molarity and loading patterns. The influence of NaOH molarity on the elastic and plastic strains of the geopolymer specimen at different cycles was explored. A series of unconfined compression tests of cubic specimens with different NaOH molarities as well as microscopic investigations and observations via XRD, FTIR, and SEM were carried out in this study. The Young's modulus of the geopolymer was found to increase followed by a decrease with the cycles for all the selected NaOH molarities. The geopolymers activated with lowest NaOH molarity were first to start damage and activated with the highest NaOH molarity were the last to damage. The damage variable was shown to increase rapidly at the initial cycles and then gradually approached the maximum value.

One of the challenges posed by renewable energies is the stabilization of parameters related to the quality of electrical energy. This study demonstrates the existence of a relationship between input blocks of hydropower and the variation of the fundamental frequency of the electricity grid. By mapping production data provided by the Spanish Electric Network with frequency measured in the laboratory, it is shown that gradients of hydropower are correlated with frequency fluctuations for certain characteristic times. Considering hourly instances of energy input, the study compares two methods for calculating hydropower gradients (linear regression and pseudo-linear regression) and two methods for calculating local frequency extrema (the “specular inertia” method and analysis by comparison with the moving average) in order to corroborate the results.

Time series forecasting of disaggregated freight flow is a key issue in decision-making by port authorities. For this purpose and to test new deep learning techniques we have selected seven time series of imported goods from Morocco to Spain through the port of Algeciras, and we have tested two forecasting deep neural networks models: dilated causal convolutional and encoder–decoder recurrent. We have experimented with four different granularities for each series: quarterly, monthly, weekly and daily. The results show that our neural network models can manage these raw series without first removing seasonality or trend. We also highlight the ability of neural models to work with a fixed input size of one year, being able to make good predictions using the same input size for all granularities. The two deep learning models have globally improved the benchmarks of the M4 Competition of forecasting. Each neural network model obtains its best results under different circumstances: the recurrent one with daily granularity and intermittent series, and the convolutional one with weekly and monthly granularities.

Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes a severe respiratory disease with a 3% global mortality. In the absence of effective treatment, controlling of risk factors that predispose to severe disease is essential to reduce coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Large observational studies suggest that exercise can reduce the risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the baseline physical activity level on COVID-19 mortality Methods This is a retrospective cohort study that included patients between 18 and 70 years old, diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized in our center between February 15 and April 15, 2020. After discharge all the patients included in the study were contacted by telephone. Baseline physical activity level was estimated using the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale questionnaire and patients were divided into two groups for comparison: sedentary patients (group 1) and active patients (group 2). Results During the study period 552 patients were admitted to our hospital and met the inclusion criteria. Global mortality in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2 (13.8% vs 1.8%; p

Anatomical-based approaches, targeting either pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) or additional extra PV regions, represent the most commonly used ablation treatments in symptomatic patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences despite antiarrhythmic drug therapy. PVI remains the main anatomical target during catheter-based AF ablation, with the aid of new technological advances as contact force monitoring to increase safety and effective radiofrequency (RF) lesions. Nowadays, cryoballoon ablation has also achieved the same level of scientific evidence in patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing PVI. In parallel, electrical isolation of extra PV targets has progressively increased, which is associated with a steady increase in complex cases undergoing ablation. Several atrial regions as the left atrial posterior wall, the vein of Marshall, the left atrial appendage, or the coronary sinus have been described in different series as locations potentially involved in AF initiation and maintenance. Targeting these regions may be challenging using conventional point-by-point RF delivery, which has opened new opportunities for coadjuvant alternatives as balloon ablation or selective ethanol injection. Although more extensive ablation may increase intraprocedural AF termination and freedom from arrhythmias during the follow-up, some of the targets to achieve such outcomes are not exempt of potential severe complications. Here, we review and discuss current anatomical approaches and the main ablation technologies to target atrial regions associated with AF initiation and maintenance. This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2016- 80324-R), and the Fundación Interhospitalaria para la Investigación Cardiovascular (FIC). The Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Pro-CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). Giulio La Rosa has received a fellowship grant from the joint program between the Heart Rhythm Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ARC) and CNIC. Sí

Termites are major decomposers in terrestrial ecosystems and the second most diverse lineage of social insects. The Kalotermitidae form the second-largest termite family and are distributed across tropical and subtropical ecosystems, where they typically live in small colonies confined to single wood items inhabited by individuals with no foraging abilities. How the Kalotermitidae have acquired their global distribution patterns remains unresolved. Similarly, it is unclear whether foraging is ancestral to Kalotermitidae or was secondarily acquired in a few species. These questions can be addressed in a phylogenetic framework. We inferred time-calibrated phylogenetic trees of Kalotermitidae using mitochondrial genomes of ∼120 species, about 27% of kalotermitid diversity, including representatives of 21 of the 23 kalotermitid genera. Our mitochondrial genome phylogenetic trees were corroborated by phylogenies inferred from nuclear ultraconserved elements derived from a subset of 28 species. We found that extant kalotermitids shared a common ancestor 84 Ma (75–93 Ma 95% highest posterior density), indicating that a few disjunctions among early-diverging kalotermitid lineages may predate Gondwana breakup. However, most of the ∼40 disjunctions among biogeographic realms were dated at, We thank the DNA Sequencing Section and the Scientific Computation and Data Analysis Section of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan, for assistance with sequencing and for providing access to the OIST computing cluster, respectively. We also acknowledge support from the Internal Grant Agency of the Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences (CULS No. 20223112).

CARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producingIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.In total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn wereThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.

BackgroundNeisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) isolates with high-level azithromycin resistance (HL-AziR) have emerged worldwide in recent decades, threatening the sustainability of current dual-antimicrobial therapy.ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize the first 16 NG isolates with HL-AziR in Barcelona between 2016 and 2018.MethodsWGS was used to identify the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, to establish the MLST ST, NG multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) ST and NG sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR) ST and to identify the clonal relatedness of the isolates with other closely related NG previously described in other countries based on a whole-genome SNP analysis approach. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients included in the study were collected by comprehensive review of their medical records.ResultsTwelve out of 16 HL-AziR isolates belonged to the MLST ST7823/NG-MAST ST5309 genotype and 4 to MLST ST9363/NG-MAST ST3935. All presented the A2059G mutation in all four alleles of the 23S rRNA gene. MLST ST7823/NG-MAST ST5309 isolates were only identified in men who have sex with women and MLST ST9363/NG-MAST ST3935 were found in MSM. Phylogenomic analysis revealed the presence of three transmission clusters of three different NG strains independently associated with sexual behaviour.ConclusionsOur findings support the first appearance of three mild outbreaks of NG with HL-AziR in Spain. These results highlight the continuous capacity of NG to develop antimicrobial resistance and spread among sexual networks. The enhanced resolution of WGS provides valuable information for outbreak investigation, complementing the implementation of public health measures focused on the prevention and dissemination of MDR NG.

The purpose of this study was to describe the mechanical and metabolic responses of a typical high-intensity training session in high-level 800-m athletes. Nine male high-level 800-m athletes (personal best 1:43–1:56 min:ss) performed a typical high-intensity interval training session consisting of 5×200 m with 4 min rest. Countermovement jump and blood lactate were measured at rest and after each running bout. Running times, ground contact times, and stride length were also measured. Running times and lactate (p

Pareja-Blanco, F, Rodríguez-Rosell, D, Aagaard, P, Sánchez-Medina, L, Ribas-Serna, J, Mora-Custodio, R, Otero-Esquina, C, Yáñez-García, JM, and González-Badillo, JJ. Time course of recovery from resistance exercise with different set configurations. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2867-2876, 2020-This study analyzed the response to 10 resistance exercise protocols differing in the number of repetitions performed in each set (R) with respect to the maximum predicted number (P). Ten males performed 10 protocols (R(P): 6(12), 12(12), 5(10), 10(10), 4(8), 8(8), 3(6), 6(6), 2(4), and 4(4)). Three sets with 5-minute interset rests were performed in each protocol in bench press and squat. Mechanical muscle function (countermovement jump height and velocity against a 1 m·s load, V1-load) and biochemical plasma profile (testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, prolactin, IGF-1, and creatine kinase) were assessed at several time points from 24-hour pre-exercise to 48-hour post-exercise. Protocols to failure, especially those in which the number of repetitions performed was high, resulted in larger reductions in mechanical muscle function, which remained reduced up to 48-hour post-exercise. Protocols to failure also showed greater increments in plasma growth hormone, IGF-1, prolactin, and creatine kinase concentrations. In conclusion, resistance exercise to failure resulted in greater fatigue accumulation and slower rates of neuromuscular recovery, as well as higher hormonal responses and greater muscle damage, especially when the maximal number of repetitions in the set was high.

Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers have become extremely useful tools in genetic identification and variability studies. To date around one hundred of these markers have been developed in the olive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) and the majority of them are di- or tri-nucleotide. The analysis of the numerous articles recently published on plant microsatellite markers, shows however a higher relevance of markers with long core repeat motifs than those with di- or tri-nucleotide repeat motifs. This work presents a new set of highly informative and polymorphic tetra- and hexa-nucleotide SSR markers. The newly designed SSR markers have been employed to genotype the 36 olive cultivars of the core collection from Worldwide Olive Germplasm Bank of Cordoba, Spain (WOGBC). This article describes the allelic profiles of the 36 olive cultivars for a set of ten SSR markers and also a protocol for a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The designed multiplex PCR can lead to an optimal amplification of up to five different SSR markers in the same reaction tube. Finally, the use of only four of the set of ten SSR markers employed, allows the differentiation of any cultivar of the WOGBC core collection from the remaining 35 cultivars.

Reconstruction after laparoscopic right colectomy (LRC) can be achieved by performing an intracorporeal (IA) or an extracorporeal anastomosis (EA). This study aims to assess the safety of implementing IA in LRC, and to compare its perioperative outcomes with EA during an institution’s learning curve. Patients undergoing elective LRC with IA or EA in a teaching university hospital between January 2015 and December 2018 were included. Demographic, clinical, perioperative and histopathological data were collated and outcomes investigated. One hundred and twenty-two patients were included; forty-three (35.2%) had an IA. The main indication for surgery was cancer in both groups (83.7% for IA and 79.8% for EA; p = 0.50). Operative time was longer for IA (180 [150–205] versus 150 [120–180] minutes; p

The current high penetration rate of distributed energy resources in the smart grid has set up a challenge for energy management and consequently for the supply monitoring and assessment of power quality. Currently, new types of electrical disturbances have appeared, usually multiple, due to the uncontrolled connection of non-linear loads that damage sensitive electronic equipment. For this reason, continuous monitoring is the most effective way to characterize the power system behaviour in order to be able to improve determining the origin of the fault and to have weight bearing to claim damages. Likewise, more holistic indicators that would compute the different network states and deal with big data management in terms of compression and scalability of the measurements are needed. In this context, this article presents a statistical characterization in order to monitor in continuous the voltage supply in a consumer network node through a voltage quality index based on higher-order statistics. The results allow us to conclude that higher-order statistics are capable of establishing a continuous, reliable performance that characterizes the deviations of the voltage supply waveform in an average consumer installation. The method could lead to more feasible solutions for power quality surveillance in the smart grid.

Small-scale PV generation is particularly affected by the irradiance variability produced by cloud shadows. Accurate predictions of the clouds passing over the PV field are thus necessary for the optimized management and integration of this renewable power source. Two main elements are required to perform these predictions: the local irradiance field and the cloud motion vector. Irradiance sensor networks are positioning as a promising data source at the spatial and temporal scales of the problem, avoiding the irradiance inference problems and costs of image-based instrumentation. This paper proposes a method to infer the cloud shadow motion vector from small-scale irradiance sensor networks data. The method does not require specific network configuration or layout, and the algorithm is computationally simple: graphical solutions are obtained by aggregating mean absolute errors in a diagram/matrix with each element representing a possible displacement of the cloud shadows. The validation is conducted with a fractal cloud model that allows the generation of irradiance time series according to an arbitrary cloud motion vector. The most correlated pair and the linear cloud edge methods are used for benchmarking purposes. Gridded and non-gridded sensors layouts are tested with number of sensors ranging from 9 to 100, monitored areas from 100 to 10000 m2, and sampling periods from 0.3 to 3.3 s. The results show the superiority of the proposed method with a reduction of 50–90% of the root mean square errors respect to the benchmark methods in 75% of the tests. Additionally, the proposed method maintains similar performance as sampling rate decreases, while the benchmark methods exhibit worsening results.

As the population ages, their diet changes and their energy and nutrient intake tends to decrease, affecting their body composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between body composition, energy intake, and macro and micronutrient intake in people over 50 who continue in work activities. 82 people, from the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area in Jalisco, Mexico, were the participants. Questionnaires were applied to collect sociodemographic, physical activity and food consumption (FCFC) data, as well as anthropometric and body composition measures. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to associate the percentage of body fat with caloric intake and the intake of micro and macronutrients. The results showed that high intake of energy, carbohydrates, cereals with fat, food of animal origin and oils with protein are related to a high percentage of body fat (R2 = 0.42, p-value = 0.001). From this study, it is necessary to reconsider the nutrition strategies of older people. An inadequate diet could influence their nutritional status and health. It is suggested to attend the diet for this population group.

Sanchez-Moreno, M, Cornejo-Daza, PJ, Gonzalez-Badillo, JJ, and Pareja-Blanco, F. Effects of velocity loss during body mass prone-grip pull-up training on strength and endurance performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 911-917, 2020-This study aimed to analyze the effects of 2 pull-up (PU) training programs that differed in the magnitude of repetition velocity loss allowed in each set (25% velocity loss "VL25" vs. 50% velocity loss "VL50") on PU performance. Twenty-nine strength-trained men (age = 26.1 ± 6.3 years, body mass [BM] = 74.2 ± 6.4 kg, and 15.9 ± 4.9 PU repetitions to failure) were randomly assigned to 2 groups: VL25 (n = 15) or VL50 (n = 14) and followed an 8-week (16 sessions) velocity-based BM prone-grip PU training program. Mean propulsive velocity (MPV) was monitored in all repetitions. Assessments performed at pre-training and post-training included estimated 1 repetition maximum; average MPV attained with all common external loads used during pre-training and post-training testing (AVinc); peak MPV lifting one's own BM (MPVbest); maximum number of repetitions to failure lifting one's own BM (MNR); and average MPV corresponding to the same number of repetitions lifting one's own BM performed during pre-training testing (AVMNR). VL25 attained significantly greater gains than VL50 in all analyzed variables except in MNR (P < 0.05). In addition, VL25 improved significantly (P < 0.001) in all the evaluated variables while VL50 remained unchanged. In conclusion, our results suggest that once a 25% velocity loss is achieved during PU training, further repetitions did not elicit additional gains and can even blunt the improvement in strength and endurance performance.

Cloud-induced photovoltaic variability can affect grid stability and power quality, especially in electricity systems with high penetration levels. The availability of irradiance field forecasts in the scale of seconds and meters is fundamental for an adequate control of photovoltaic systems in order to minimize their impact on distribution networks. Irradiance sensor networks have proved to be efficient tools for supporting these forecasts, but the costs of monitoring systems with the required specifications are economically justified only for large plants and research purposes. This study deals with the design and test of a wireless irradiance sensor network as an adaptable operational solution for photovoltaic systems capable of meeting the measurement specifications necessary for capturing the clouds passage. The network was based on WiFi, comprised 16 pyranometers, and proved to be stable at sampling periods up to 25 ms, providing detailed spatial representations of the irradiance field and its evolution. As a result, the developed network was capable of achieving comparable specifications to research wired irradiance monitoring network with the advantages in costs and flexibility of the wireless technology, thus constituting a valuable tool for supporting nowcasting systems for photovoltaic management and control.

As with other pathogens, competitive interactions between Bordetella pertussis strains drive infection risk. Vaccines are thought to perturb strain diversity through shifts in immune pressures; however, this has rarely been measured because of inadequate data and analytical tools. We used 3344 sequences from 23 countries to show that, on average, there are 28.1 transmission chains circulating within a subnational region, with the number of chains strongly associated with host population size. It took 5 to 10 years for B. pertussis to be homogeneously distributed throughout Europe, with the same time frame required for the United States. Increased fitness of pertactin-deficient strains after implementation of acellular vaccines, but reduced fitness otherwise, can explain long-term genotype dynamics. These findings highlight the role of vaccine policy in shifting local diversity of a pathogen that is responsible for 160,000 deaths annually.

This article presents a unique set of voltage and current data from a public building and acquired using a hybrid measurement solution that combines Python and Grafana. The transversal purpose consists of contributing to the community with a vision of the quality of the supply more oriented to the monitoring of the state of the network, providing a more realistic vision, which allows a better understanding, and the adoption of the best decisions to achieve the efficient energy management and thus optimize the operation and maintenance of power systems. The work focuses on higher order statistical estimators that, combined with exploratory data analysis techniques, improve the characterization of the shape of the stress signal. These techniques and data, together with the acquisition and monitoring system, present a unique combination in the line of low-cost measurement solutions. It also incorporates the underlying benefit of the contribution to industrial benchmarking. The paper also includes a computational comparison between Python and LabVIEW to elicit the performance of the measurement solution.