Search

In this research work, performance and emission parameters of wheat germ oil (WGO) -hydrogen dual fuel was investigated experimentally and these parameters were predicted using different machine learning algorithms. Initially, hydrogen injection with 5%, 10% and 15% energy share were used as the dual fuel strategy with WGO. For WGO +15% hydrogen energy share the NO emission is 1089 ppm, which is nearly 33% higher than WGO at full load. As hydrogen has higher flame speed and calorific value and wider flammability limit which increases the combustion temperature. Thus, the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen increases thereby forming more NO. Smoke emission for WGO +15% hydrogen energy share is 66%, which is 15% lower compared to WGO, since the heat released in the pre-mixed phase of combustion is increased to a maximum with higher hydrogen energy share compared to WGO. Different applications including internal combustion engines have used machine learning approaches for predictions and classifications. In the second phase various machine learning techniques namely Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Support Vector Machines (SVM)) were used to predict the emission characteristics of the engine operating in dual fuel mode. The machine learning models were trained and tested using the experimental data. The most effective model was identified using performance metrics like R-Squared (R2) value, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The result shows that the prediction by MLR model was closest to the experimental results. © 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

Inducting hydrogen with biodiesel in a compression ignition (CI) engine contributes to improvising the performance characteristics of the engine and minimize long-term issues. Combustion of hydrogen along with intake air impacts positively in air quality by preventing the formation of toxic emissions like hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). The benefits of hydrogen such as good diffusion rate, lesser ignition energy and fast flame propagation rate promotes a more homogenously mixed air fuel ratio. This experimental work focuses on enhancement of the performance and combustion characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine by enriching the biodiesel with various levels of hydrogen gas supplement at the intake manifold. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine with safflower oil biodiesel is 31.15 % which is far inferior to that of diesel with 34 %. As an effort to improve the performance characteristics of the CI engine, hydrogen gas is inducted at 4 %, 8 % and 12 % energy share. HC, CO and smoke emission decreases by 15.09 %, 34.6 % and 18 % respectively compared to neat biodiesel at full load of 5.2 kW. An opposite trend is observed in NOx emissions which are raised from 1650 ppm to 1852 ppm. A 12.2 % increase in NOx emissions are realized due to homogenous flammable mixture that combusts closer to Top dead center (TDC). The hydrogen enrichment with safflower oil biodiesel influences the combustion characteristics in a positive vein except for the NOx emissions, which could be minimized through the use of retrofit devices like selective catalytic reducer, diesel oxidation catalyst etc. Q1

In this research, an ample attempt was made to make use of oil extracted from bergamot fruit peel, which can be regarded as a renewable energy source. A systematic experimental approach was adopted to evaluate the feasibility of bergamot peel oil (BGT) as a substitute for gasoline fuel in spark-ignition (SI) engine applications. The oil derived from the rinds of the bergamot fruit was blended in gasoline on a volume basis in the ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 and experimentally tested in a multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) installed SI engine. The fuel properties of the BGT and its blends were tested. Endoscopic visualization technique was used to analyze the spatial flame distribution on a crank angle basis for the gasoline and bergamot blends. Also, the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of bergamot-gasoline blends were evaluated, and the results were compared with sole gasoline at various engine brake powers. The endoscopic results revealed that bergamot-gasoline blends exhibited higher flame spread than sole gasoline. The performance study revealed that the brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption exhibited by bergamot-gasoline blends were almost equivalent to that of sole gasoline. The mean in-cylinder pressure was marginally higher, and peak pressure crank angle degree was slightly advanced for bergamot-gasoline blends in comparison to that of gasoline fuel. With an increasing concentration of BGT in the blend, the hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission decreased at the expense of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Furthermore, BGT exhibits a research octane number (RON) of 80 and a calorific value comparable to that of gasoline, making it a potential candidate for SI engines. From the outcome of this study, it can be concluded that BGT could be a promising alternate biofuel for the partial replacement of gasoline in SI engines. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd 2-s2.0-85123890947