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Background & Aims: HEV genotype (gt) 3 infections are prevalent in high-income countries and display a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Host - but not viral - factors are reported to be associated with worse clinical outcomes.Methods: Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data laboratory-confirmed HEV infections (by PCR and/or a combination of IgM and IgG serology) at the Belgian National Reference Centre between January 2010 and June 2018 were collected using stand-ardised case report forms. Genotyping was based on HEV open reading frame 2 sequences. Serum CXCL10 levels were measured by a magnetic bead-based assay. H&E staining was performed on liver biopsies.Results: A total of 274 HEV-infected individuals were included. Subtype assignment was possible for 179/218 viraemic cases, confirming gt3 as dominant with an almost equal representation of clades abchijklm and efg. An increased hospitalisation rate and higher peak serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase were found in clade efg-infected in-dividuals in univariate analyses. In multivariable analyses, clade efg infections remained more strongly associated with severe disease presentation than any of the previously identified host risk factors, being associated with a 2.1-fold higher risk of hos-pitalisation (95% CI 1.1-4.4, p = 0.034) and a 68.2% higher peak of bilirubin levels (95% CI 13.3-149.9, p = 0.010), independently of other factors included in the model. In addition, acute clade efg infections were characterised by higher serum CXCL10 levels (p = 0.0005) and a more pronounced liver necro-inflammatory activity (p = 0.022). Conclusions: In symptomatic HEV gt3 infections, clade efg is associated with a more severe disease presentation, higher serum CXCL10 levels, and liver necro-inflammatory activity, irrespective of known host risk factors.Clinical Trial Registration: The protocol was submitted to clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04670419).(c) 2022 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This study is a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data, within the Belgian National Reference Centre (NRC) programme funded by the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance (RIZIV-INAMI, Belgium). TV is supported by a senior clinical investigator grant of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) (number 18B2821N, Belgium). JS and NH acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 682540 — TransMID, European Union). The funding sources did not have any role in study design, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the manuscript writing, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. We thank Harry Dalton for helpful discussions on the national data collection and clinical outcome analysis and Christophe Conrad for his help in collecting patients data. The authors also especially thank all physicians from the following centres who participated in the study: Algemeen Ziekenhuis Alma, Eeklo; Algemeen Medisch Laboratorium, Antwerpen; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis, Aalst; Algemeen Ziekenhuis Delta, Roeselare; Algemeen Ziekenhuis Delta, Torhout; Algemeen Ziekenhuis Nikolaas, Sint-Niklaas; Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Elisabeth, Zottegem; Algemeen Ziekenhuis, Turnhout; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Brussels; Centre Hospitalier de l’Ardenne, Libramont; Hôpital de Braine-l’Alleud-Waterloo, Braine-l’Alleud; Hôpital Delta, Brussels; Centre Hospitalier de Mouscron, Mouscron; Centre Hospitalier Régional Haute Senne, Soignies; Centre Hospitalier Epicura, Hornu; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège; Centre Hospitalier de la Wallonie Picarde, Tournai; Clinique CHC, Waremme; Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi; Gasthuiszusters Antwerpen, Antwerpen; Hôpital Princesse Paola, Marche-en-Famenne; Hôpital Iris Sud, Brussels; Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde, Antwerpen; Hôpital de Jolimont, La Louvière; Centre Hospitalier de Jolimont, Lobbes; Centre Hospitalier de Jolimont, Nivelles; Centre Hospitalier de Jolimont, Tubize; Eurofins Labo Van Poucke, Kortrijk; Medisch Labo Medina, Dendermonde; Algemeen Ziekenhuis Maria Middelares, Gent; Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen Middelheim, Antwerpen; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL, Dinant; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL, Namur; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de MontGodinne, Yvoir; Clinique Saint-Luc, Bouge; Clinique Notre-Dame de Grâce, Gosselies; Sint-Andriesziekenhuis, Tielt; Algemeen Ziekenhuis West, Veurne; Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint Blasius, Dendermonde; Algemeen Ziekenhuis SintJan, Brugge; Klinik Sankt-Joseph, Sankt-Vith; Algemeen Ziekenhuis SintLucas, Gent; Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Maarten, Mechelen; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels; Sint-Trudo Ziekenhuis, Sint-Truiden; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tivoli, La Louvière; Hôpital Erasme – Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Brussels; Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Antwerpen; Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent, Gent; Cassiman David, Laleman Wim, Van Malenstein Hannah, Verslype Chris and Van der Merwe Schalk from Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven; Virga Jesse Ziekenhuis, Hasselt; Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper.

In this work we study the limits of miniaturization of a 90-degree hybrid coupler working in the L, C and S bands, with respect to a number of performance parameters aimed at its application for balanced detection. We investigate the main effects responsible for the degradation of the performance of the devices during miniaturization, and establish the minimal dimension that such devices can have without significant degradation for photonic applications such as balanced detection. The miniaturized device in InP generic technology has a footprint of only 2200μ m2 , more than 5 times smaller than the conventional device used as reference. The scaling approach is based on the use of the number of propagating modes which are sustained in both the miniaturized MMI and port waveguides as scaling parameters. This approach allows us to generalize the miniaturization problem from a specific platform and offers a methodology which is flexible and transferable to multiple platforms. We tested the scaling methodology based on the number of modes in other platforms commonly used in integrated photonics, such as Si/SiO2(SOI), TriPleX or polymer platforms, obtaining comparable results and proving the universality of our approach, finally we performed a fabrication tolerance analysis of the miniaturized devices.

The rhizosphere microbiome plays a key role in plant protection against soil-borne pathogens. Plant breeding for resistance against soil-borne pathogens can alter the rhizosphere microbiome. However, most studies have focused on bacterial and fungal communities, leaving the role of the virus and viroids unassessed. Here, we tested the influence of resistance breeding on the composition of rhizosphere viruses and viroids. By analyzing metatranscriptomes from the rhizosphere of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars with varying resistance to the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, we recovered sequences representing 78 and 23 novel populations of viruses and viroids, respectively. We compared the abundances of these infectious agents across the different cultivars and found that the Fusarium-resistant cultivar harbored >1.2 times more viroids and a more different composition of viroids and viruses than less resistant plants. Given their role in interfering with host metabolism and their potential influence on plant-fungi associations, our study suggests that changes in the rhizosphere infectome are an important consideration in breeding for resistance against soil-borne pathogens.

Zhao et al. performed phenotypic CRISPR screens to uncover genes and pathways that suppress DNA damage in human cells.

Background Depression is associated with metabolic alterations including lipid dysregulation, whereby associations may vary across individual symptoms. Evaluating these associations using a network perspective yields a more complete insight than single outcome-single predictor models. Methods We used data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (N = 2498) and leveraged networks capturing associations between 30 depressive symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology) and 46 metabolites. Analyses involved 4 steps: creating a network with Mixed Graphical Models; calculating centrality measures; bootstrapping for stability testing; validating central, stable associations by extra covariate-adjustment; and validation using another data wave collected 6 years later. Results The network yielded 28 symptom-metabolite associations. There were 15 highly-central variables (8 symptoms, 7 metabolites), and 3 stable links involving the symptoms Low energy (fatigue), and Hypersomnia. Specifically, fatigue showed consistent associations with higher mean diameter for VLDL particles and lower estimated degree of (fatty acid) unsaturation. These remained present after adjustment for lifestyle and health-related factors and using another data wave. Conclusions The somatic symptoms Fatigue and Hypersomnia and cholesterol and fatty acid measures showed central, stable, and consistent relationships in our network. The present analyses showed how metabolic alterations are more consistently linked to specific symptom profiles.

Various researchers have called for research into positive examples of successful triple helix governed ecosystems. Triple Helix collaborations are seen as the solution to tackle the current ‘wicked problems’ of society. Researchers are encouraged to enhance our understanding of governing inter-organizational collaborations (ecosystems) in the context of university-industry-government (Triple Helix) relations. In this paper we therefore describe a case study of the Brainport Eindhoven ecosystem in the Netherlands which embodies a triple helix organization and how the regional governmental structure (Brainport Foundation and Brainport Development) on the one hand stabilizes at a strategic level and on the other hand gives flexibility at the tactical and operational level. This leads to the transfer of knowledge and to innovation and change within the network. Using mixed methods of 1) analysis of (strategic) documents about the regional governance used and how the Brainport Eindhoven mission evolved through time; 2) semi-structured interviews with current and former Brainport Foundation board members and former Brainport Development managers; and 3) network participant observations; we reveal rich experiences from 25 years of Brainport Eindhoven. This research shows the historical overview of Brainport Eindhoven and how the triple helix parties together managed several regional or worldwide crises. This togetherness was crucial in the development of a successful regional ecosystem. Our findings illustrate the fragile balance between stability and flexibility within the ecosystem and its governance based on processes of common sensemaking by all stakeholders. Our paper contributes to a better understanding of the development and governance of triple helix entrepreneurial ecosystems. Finally, this paper makes suggestions for future research by discussing the ambition to transform the ecosystem into a Quadruple Helix (adding the ‘community’ as a fourth pillar) organized ecosystem.

The status of colonial objects in European museums touches upon a matrix of legal and historical issues. This article engages with some of them, while referring to the case of a Sri Lankan object in the possession of the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam (RMA) in the Netherlands: a ceremonial cannon looted by the Dutch from the King of Kandy in 1765. The article offers a historical overview of the European colonial domination of Ceylon, distinguishing between the Portuguese, Dutch, and British periods, and for each period distinguishes the nature and the size of the confiscated heritage. It also analyses Sri Lanka’s legal title to the cannon, and the discrepancy between the international and mostly Euro-centric legal regime and Sri Lanka’s own legal framework. The article moves on to analyses of and reflections about the type of provenance research practiced by the RMA, as well as the broader efforts in the Netherlands for better provenance research. The importance of the cannon for both Sri Lanka and the Netherlands, as well as earlier efforts to retrieve it, are also described and evaluated. In its conclusions, the article proffers suggestions for more balance and equality in the provenance research efforts. The contribution covers legal studies, history, and museum studies and is based on the literature, historical catalogues, and other documents, as well as the practice of UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries titution in case of Illicit Appropriation (ICPRCP).

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This article is the second of two centring around the theme of desired outcomes of youth ministry practices, which are often embedded in a certain conception of spiritual maturity. The review study which forms the basis for these two articles aims to construct a theoretical framework on desired outcomes in youth ministry on the basis of a systematic literature review of scholarly works in peer-reviewed journals regarding the subject published from 1996 up to 2021. The wide range of outcomes as observed in the literature is classified by describing three areas of youth ministry goals: the areas of spiritual development, personal development and social development. Current, second article describes the outcomes found in the literature within the particular areas of personal development and social development. In addition, the question is addressed how youth ministry goals in the area of spiritual development, as presented in the first article, conceptually may relate to these in the areas of personal and social development. The article finishes with the discussion of the results of the whole review study and suggests core questions for further research.

Scientific interest in pacing goes back >100 years. Contemporary interest, both as a feature of athletic competition and as a window into understanding fatigue, goes back >30 years. Pacing represents the pattern of energy use designed to produce a competitive result while managing fatigue of different origins. Pacing has been studied both against the clock and during head-to-head competition. Several models have been used to explain pacing, including the teleoanticipation model, the central governor model, the anticipatory-feedback-rating of perceived exertion model, the concept of a learned template, the affordance concept, the integrative governor theory, and as an explanation for “falling behind.” Early studies, mostly using time-trial exercise, focused on the need to manage homeostatic disturbance. More recent studies, based on head-to-head competition, have focused on an improved understanding of how psychophysiology, beyond the gestalt concept of rating of perceived exertion, can be understood as a mediator of pacing and as an explanation for falling behind. More recent approaches to pacing have focused on the elements of decision making during sport and have expanded the role of psychophysiological responses including sensory-discriminatory, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions. These approaches have expanded the understanding of variations in pacing, particularly during head-to-head competition.

Background:Recent studies have reported ethnic differences in vincristine exposure and outcomes such as toxicity. This resulted in the hypothesis of subtherapeutic dosing in African children. To optimize individual treatment, a strategy to identify subtherapeutic exposure using therapeutic drug monitoring is essential. The aim of the current study was to develop a strategy for therapeutic drug monitoring of vincristine in African children to meet the following criteria: (1) identify patients with low vincristine exposure with sufficient sensitivity (>70%), (2) determine vincristine exposure with a limited sampling strategy design of 3 samples, and (3) allow all samples to be collected within 4 hours after administration.Methods:An in silico simulation study was performed using a previously described population pharmacokinetic model and real-life demographic dataset of Kenyan and Malawian pediatric oncology patients. Two different therapeutic drug monitoring strategies were evaluated: (1) Bayesian approach and (2) pharmacometric nomogram. The sampling design was optimized using the constraints described above. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of missing samples, erroneous sampling times, and different boundaries on the nomogram weight bands.Results:With the Bayesian approach, 43.3% of the estimated individual exposure values had a prediction error of ≥20% owing to extremely high shrinkage. The Bayesian approach did not improve with alternative sampling designs within sampling constraints. However, the pharmacometric nomogram could identify patients with low vincristine exposure with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 75.1%, 76.4%, and 75.9%, respectively. The pharmacometric nomogram performed similarly for different weight bands.Conclusions:The pharmacometric nomogram was able to identify patients with low vincristine exposure with high sensitivity, with 3 blood samples collected at 1, 1.5, and 4 hours after administration. Missing samples should be avoided, and the 3 scheduled samples should be collected within 15, 5, and 15 minutes of 1, 1.5, and 4 hours after administration, respectively.

This article develops a conceptual understanding of initial employability development, specifically the transition into first career destinations. Substantial previous research focuses on the role of individuals in ensuring employment readiness and continued employability development. Studies also identify the importance of employers for sustained employability. However, the interdependence and interaction between employers and individuals are under-theorized. We integrate social exchange theory and signalling theory to conceptualize initial employability development. We propose a cyclical model that comprises interactive and reciprocal signalling and social exchange processes between employers and individuals. The model overcomes the limitations of linear conceptualizations and one-sided models that theorize employability as either the outcome of human capital resources deployed by individuals or as managed by employers in employability development processes. We extend the processual approach to employability by redirecting theoretical attention to the interaction of signalling and social exchange as fundamental to employability development. We conclude by discussing implications in relation to employability research and theory development.

OBJECTIVE: There is no consensus regarding the terminology, definition, classification, diagnostic criteria, and algorithm, or reporting standards for the disease of infective native aortic aneurysm (INAA), previously known as mycotic aneurysm. The aim of this study was to establish this by performing a consensus study. METHODS: The Delphi methodology was used. Thirty-seven international experts were invited via mail to participate. Four two week Delphi rounds were performed, using an online questionnaire, initially with 22 statements and nine reporting items. The panellists rated the statements on a five point Likert scale. Comments on statements were analysed, statements revised, and results presented in iterative rounds. Consensus was defined as ≥ 75% of the panel selecting "strongly agree" or "agree" on the Likert scale, and consensus on the final assessment was defined as Cronbach's alpha coefficient > .80. RESULTS: All 38 panellists completed all four rounds, resulting in 100% participation and agreement that this study was necessary, and the term INAA was agreed to be optimal. Three more statements were added based on the results and comments of the panel, resulting in a final 25 statements and nine reporting items. All 25 statements reached an agreement of ≥ 87%, and all nine reporting items reached an agreement of 100%. The Cronbach's alpha increased for each consecutive round (round 1 = .84, round 2 = .87, round 3 = .90, and round 4 = .92). Thus, consensus was reached for all statements and reporting items. CONCLUSION: This Delphi study established the first consensus document on INAA regarding terminology, definition, classification, diagnostic criteria, and algorithm, as well as reporting standards. The results of this study create essential conditions for scientific research on this disease. The presented consensus will need future amendments in accordance with newly acquired knowledge. ispartof: Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg vol:65 issue:3 pages:323-329 ispartof: location:England status: published

This article argues that Pope Francis’s conviction that the Holy Spirit guides the synodal journey represents a creative reception of the Second Vatican Council. By highlighting the Spirit’s agency, Francis offers an alternative to Lumen Gentium’s often ornamental pneumatology. While thus confirming the council’s theological rather than institutional understanding of the church, he complements its christocentric focus. Moreover, by imagining synodality as a journey of dialogical listening and discerning, the pope emphasizes the practical dimension of ecclesiology, something that recalls the council’s pastoral spirit.

Variation in species richness across the tree of life, accompanied by the incredible variety of ecological and morphological characteristics found in nature, has inspired many studies to link traits with species diversification. Angiosperms are a highly diverse group that has fundamentally shaped life on earth since the Cretaceous, and illustrate how species diversification affects ecosystem functioning. Numerous traits and processes have been linked to differences in species richness within this group, but we know little about how these interact and their relative importance. Here, we synthesized data from 152 studies that used state-dependent speciation and extinction (SSE) models on angiosperm clades. Intrinsic traits related to reproduction and morphology were often linked to diversification but a set of universal drivers did not emerge as traits did not have consistent effects across clades. Importantly, dataset properties were correlated to SSE model results - trees that were larger, older, or less well-sampled tended to yield trait-dependent outcomes. We compared these properties to recommendations for SSE model use and provide a set of best practices to follow when designing studies and reporting results. Finally, we argue that SSE model inferences should be considered in a larger context incorporating species’ ecology, demography and genetics.

This study investigates the validity of Children's Time Awareness Questionnaire (CTAQ), a 20-item task for assessing children's time awareness. The CTAQ was administered to a group of typically developing children ( n = 107) and children with any developmental problems reported by parents (non-typically developing children, n = 28), aged 4-8 years old. We found some support for a one-factor structure (EFA), yet the explained variance is relatively low (21%). Our proposed structure of two additional subscales, i.e., "time words" and "time estimation," was not supported by (confirmatory and exploratory) factor analyses. In contrast, exploratory factor analyses (EFA) indicated a six-factor structure, which needs further investigation. We found low, yet non-significant correlations between CTAQ scales and caregiver reports on children's time awareness, planning and impulsivity, and no significant correlations between CTAQ scales and scores on cognitive performance tasks. As expected, we found that older children have higher CTAQ scores than younger children. Non typically developing children had lower scores on CTAQ scales, compared to typically developing children. The CTAQ has sufficient internal consistency. The CTAQ has potential to measure time awareness, future research is indicated to further develop the CTAQ and enhance clinical applicability.

The growth and performance of cowpea seedlings are negatively impacted by climate change and the subsequent occurrence of drought stress. Osmotic stress leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, causing membrane breakdown, and impairs metabolic activities. The harmful effects of osmotic stress can be reduced by using seed priming techniques. Seeds of cowpea var. Anaswara were treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and β-amino butyric acid (BABA) as priming agents. The seedlings emerged from the primed seeds have been found to reduce the lipid peroxidation rates and improve plant water status by accumulating osmolytes such as proline, total free aminoacids, and total soluble sugars, and also enhanced the production of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as total phenolics, ascorbate, and glutathione, as well as increased the activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, which effectively scavenge ROS and maintain the homeostasis of the cell. PEG priming (cis-priming) and BABA priming (trans-priming) exhibited differential physiochemical responses in cowpea subjected to PEG stress. The current work investigates the extent of stress tolerance acquired through seed priming, and it will help to make a sensitive variety to a more tolerant one. Physiochemical responses of seedlings emerged from BABA-primed seeds towards PEG stress were better regulated to encounter the PEG-induced osmotic stress than the seedlings emerged from PEG-primed seeds.

Mango is the second most-produced fruit in Indonesia, and the quantity of mangoes produced reached 2,624,791 tons at the end of 2018. This fruit is prone to rotting and getting wasted. Therefore, innovation is required to preserve mangoes by processing them into dehydrated food products using drying techniques. Freeze drying is still considered an efficient method to de-hydrate the water content in a product under mild process conditions, and it is mostly applicable to highly sensitive products. This study aims to determine the optimum processing parameters of drying time (13, 15, 17 hrs) and pressure (25 Pa, 30 Pa, and 35 Pa) to maintain the product quality of mango slices by using a response surface methodology. The results showed that the moisture contents are in accordance with SNI standards (less than 31%) with optimum moisture content (MC) values of 6.574%, total phenolic content (TPC) of 10.476 mg GAE/g, rehydration capacity (RC) of 2.852, colour (∆E) of 87.373, hardness of 1312.959, the cohesiveness of 0.549, and Springiness of 3.446 unit. This study also revealed that the optimum conditions of freeze-drying were at the time (t) 13 hrs and pressure (P) 25 Pa. It can, therefore, be concluded that freeze-drying can prevent changes in the structure of mango and help retain its good quality.

The Arctic region is experiencing notable warming as well as more lightning. Lightning is the dominant source of upper tropospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are precursors for ozone and hydroxyl radicals. In this study, we combine the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) with Vaisala Global Lightning Dataset 360 to evaluate lightning NO2 (LNO2) production in the Arctic. By analyzing consecutive TROPOMI NO2 observations, we determine the lifetime and production efficiency of LNO2 during the summers of 2019-2021. Our results show that the LNO2 production efficiency over the ocean is ∼6 times higher than over continental regions. Additionally, we find that a higher LNO2 production efficiency is often correlated with lower lightning rates. The summertime lightning NOx emission in the Arctic (north of 70° N) is estimated to be 219 ± 116 Mg of N, which is equal to 5% of anthropogenic NOx emissions. However, for the span of a few hours, the Arctic LNO2 density can even be comparable to anthropogenic NO2 emissions in the region. These new findings suggest that LNO2 can play an important role in the upper-troposphere/lower-stratosphere atmospheric chemical processes in the Arctic, particularly during the summer.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in patients with COVID-19, but uncertainty remains about the determinants of in-hospital mortality and data on post-discharge outcomes are scarce. The aims of this study were to investigate the variables associated with in-hospital outcomes in patients who received ECMO during the first wave of COVID-19 and to describe the status of patients 6 months after ECMO initiation.METHODS: EuroECMO-COVID is a prospective, multicentre, observational study developed by the European Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. This study was based on data from patients aged 16 years or older who received ECMO support for refractory COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic-from March 1 to Sept 13, 2020-at 133 centres in 21 countries. In-hospital mortality and mortality 6 months after ECMO initiation were the primary outcomes. Mixed-Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations between patient and management-related variables (eg, patient demographics, comorbidities, pre-ECMO status, and ECMO characteristics and complications) and in-hospital deaths. Survival status at 6 months was established through patient contact or institutional charts review. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04366921, and is ongoing.FINDINGS: Between March 1 and Sept 13, 2020, 1215 patients (942 [78%] men and 267 [22%] women; median age 53 years [IQR 46-60]) were included in the study. Median ECMO duration was 15 days (IQR 8-27). 602 (50%) of 1215 patients died in hospital, and 852 (74%) patients had at least one complication. Multiorgan failure was the leading cause of death (192 [36%] of 528 patients who died with available data). In mixed-Cox analyses, age of 60 years or older, use of inotropes and vasopressors before ECMO initiation, chronic renal failure, and time from intubation to ECMO initiation of 4 days or more were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. 613 patients did not die in hospital, and 547 (95%) of 577 patients for whom data were available were alive at 6 months. 102 (24%) of 431 patients had returned to full-time work at 6 months, and 57 (13%) of 428 patients had returned to part-time work. At 6 months, respiratory rehabilitation was required in 88 (17%) of 522 patients with available data, and the most common residual symptoms included dyspnoea (185 [35%] of 523 patients) and cardiac (52 [10%] of 514 patients) or neurocognitive (66 [13%] of 512 patients) symptoms.INTERPRETATION: Patient's age, timing of cannulation (FUNDING: None.

The 'audience verbal appreciation' for a worldwide known artist can raise the decibel levels during a show. This can lead to limit violations if there is a decibel limit for the show. In this publication the effect of a yelling audience, known by almost all sound engineers, will be described. The research was done at 18 large live shows in Belgium and the Netherlands in the years 2015..2019. The measurement setup was a single channel measurement with a class 1 sound level meter at FOH. The data was stored as LAeq,1sec and LCeq,1seq and also the 1/3 octave band information per second was logged. The outcome gives more information about the frequencies of yelling, but more important the effect on the decibel level of the total show. Besides measuring at FOH (front-of-house) position, two alternative measurement methods are discussed (2-channel setup and multiple measurement points in the hall).

Most software companies have extensive test suites and re-run parts of them continuously to ensure recent changes have no adverse effects. Since test suites are costly to execute, industry needs methods for test case prioritisation (TCP). Recently, TCP methods use machine learning (ML) to exploit the information known about the system under test (SUT) and its test cases. However, the value added by ML-based TCP methods should be critically assessed with respect to the cost of collecting the information. This paper analyses two decades of TCP research, and presents a taxonomy of 91 information attributes that have been used. The attributes are classified with respect to their information sources and the characteristics of their extraction process. Based on this taxonomy, TCP methods validated with industrial data and those applying ML are analysed in terms of information availability, attribute combination and definition of data features suitable for ML. Relying on a high number of information attributes, assuming easy access to SUT code and simplified testing environments are identified as factors that might hamper industrial applicability of ML-based TCP. The TePIA taxonomy provides a reference framework to unify terminology and evaluate alternatives considering the cost-benefit of the information attributes., Accepted for publication in ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. Additional material available from a GitHub repository: https://github.com/tepia-taxonomy/taxonomy-analysis