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This study aims to enable users of digitized cultural heritage artefacts to understand the correlation between artefacts and their context, discover new knowledge, and gain inspiration. We have developed data labelling and visualization technologies specific to cultural heritage so that users, such as curators, cultural heritage experts, and museum visitors, can easily and quickly access the information that they want through the correlation between artefacts. We came up with a web-based labelling tool for cultural heritage data and applied it to data on 45,692 artefacts from the National Museum of Korea. We also invented a web-based visualization tool that converts lists of attribute information in Excel spreadsheets into visualized content and edits the attributes. The meanings of thumbnails of visualized cultural heritage and that of connected lines, a search function, and visualized cultural heritage will allow users to quickly and easily access the cultural heritage information they are looking for.

Purpose of the study: Haptic technology, which can qualitatively expand virtual or augmented reality experiences beyond the sensation of the ear and eye, is realized by electrical and mechanical stimulation of afferent nerves or mechanoreceptors. In this review, researchers highlight the biological basis for sensation and suggest the advanced direction in the electric tactile-based haptic system using low impedance materials. Methodology: Conductive polymer called “Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)” was examined for chemical properties and biocompatibility. Main Findings: Study of PEDOT:PSS shows the superior property in terms of deformability and electrical performance for developing the low-impedance, skin-like haptic interfaces. Implications: To provide wear- comfort, skin-like technologies that impose a negligible physical burden on the user should be used. The mainstream of haptic technology involves the development of a system that could provide myriads of sensations to the skin through not only to the fingertips but also to some or all regions of the body. Novelty: Researchers also provide the strategy to impart skin-like property as well as low impedance using hydrogel polymer which is desirable in wearable haptic systems.

Purpose This study aims to measure associated factors of Mental Health Literacy (MHL) among Minnesotans by using the Mental Health Literacy Scale and Andersen's Health Behavior Model. Design and methods This study utilized cross-sectional survey data with 732 participants. Findings Participants in higher education groups showed higher MHL levels than those who have less education. Non-Latino Whites had higher MHL levels than any other racial group. Participants who engaged in social groups had higher MHL levels. Interestingly, the relationship between health literacy and MHL was the most substantial factor. Practice implications Interventions aiming to improve health literacy seems beneficial to increase MHL. In addition, a variety of programs should be implemented, such as social programs that target those with less social group interaction.

본 연구는 국내 메이커스페이스 사서 교육 프로그램 개발 및 활성화를 위한 기초조사로 미국 대학의 문헌정보학과 대학원에서 제공하고 있는 메이커스페이스 교과목에 대한 조사, 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 미국 문헌정보학과 대학원의 메이커스페이스 교과목의 강의계획서를 수집하여 각각의 수업에서 다루고 있는 학습 목표, 주차별 주제, 학습활동 및 과제 등을 조사하는 것이다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 메이커스페이스 강의의 주요 내용으로는 메이커스페이스의 이론, 이용자 요구 분석, 기술과 실습, 프로그램 개발 등이 있었으며, 학습활동과 조별 과제로는 메이커스페이스 프로그램 개발, 창의, 협업 메이킹 프로그램 체험, 메이커스페이스 운영을 위한 제안서 작성 등이 있었다. 본 연구에서 조사한 메이커스페이스 주요 학습 내용과 과제 등은 국내 메이커스페이스 교육에서 실습과 체험, 견학, 운영 역량 강화 등의 수업 개발에 유용하게 참고 될 것으로 기대한다.

Sepsis is an emergent infectious disease and a leading cause of death despite immediate intervention. While Delta neutrophil index (DNI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are known as a prodiagnostic marker of sepsis, the preclinical evidence of the best marker of sepsis is unclear. For this, using a well-designed cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse model, we comparatively measured the level and cost-effectiveness of sepsis biomarkers such as DNI, myeloperoxidase (MPO), procalcitonin (PCT), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). First, we found that the optimal time point for early detection is at 6 h, 24 h post-CLP. Strikingly, the peak level and fold change of DNI was revealed at 24 h, further showing the best fold change as compared with other biomarker levels. Given the fold change at 6, 24 h, PCT was next to DNI. Third, a cost-effectiveness survey showed that DNI was the best, with PCT next. Further, DNI level was moderate positively associated with PCT (ρ = 0.697, p = 0.012) and TNF-α (ρ = 0.599, p = 0.040). Collectively, these data indicate that DNI in CLP-induced sepsis mice is as effective as the existent inflammatory biomarkers such as MPO, PCT and TNF-α to predict the prognosis of sepsis. This might have clinically important implications that DNI is cost effective, thus quickly and rationally applying to diverse types of imminent sepsis regardless of species. This might be the first report on the validity of DNI in preclinical CLP-induced murine sepsis.

Background Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) have been increasingly used in various intra-articular fractures including pilon fracture. However, no study has investigated intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities of pilon fracture classification using 3D CT images. Hypothesis (1) Intraobserver and interobserver agreements of fracture classifications and treatment recommendations will improve by using 2D CT images compared to using plain radiographs only; (2) agreements will improve by adding 3D CT images compared to adding 2D CT images; and (3) agreements of orthopedic residents rather than specialists will be influenced more by imaging modality. Materials and methods Ten orthopedic specialists and 10 residents completed a survey to classify the fractures according to the Ruedi-Allgower and AO/OTA classifications and to select treatment options using 25 pilon fracture images. The survey was conducted using plain radiographs, with 2D and 3D CT images introduced 3 and 6 weeks later, respectively. Kappa coefficients were calculated to determine reliabilities. Results Intraobserver reliabilities for fracture classifications in specialists significantly improved by using 2D images compared to using plain radiographs only. Addition of 3D CT did not significantly improve intraobserver reliabilities compared to those with 2D CT. Use of 2D CT images significantly improved overall interobserver agreement of both classifications, with the improvement being greater for residents. Use of 3D CT images did not improve the interobserver reliability of both classifications. Overall interobserver reliabilities for treatment recommendations did not significantly differ according to the imaging modality. However, interobserver agreement among residents significantly improved from slight agreement using radiographs only to fair agreement using 2D CT images. Discussion Intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities of pilon fracture classification and treatment recommendations did not improve between using 3D and 2D CT. Using 2D CT images improved the intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities of the fracture classifications in specialists and the interobserver reliabilities of the fracture classifications and the treatment recommendations in residents. Level of evidence IV, case control study.

We have demonstrated a tactile-pattern-integrated sensing window for more consistent photoplethysmogram (PPG) measurements. The pattern is composed of two tiny bumps that measure 500μm in diameter and 300μm in height and allow users to position their finger pulps more consistently on the sensing window over different measurement occasions, simply by following their tactile sensation. We experimentally compared the tactile pattern window to a flat window (without any bumps) for 5 test subjects and found that the sensing window with the tactile pattern significantly helped users obtain more consistent PPG signals than the flat window (p0.01).The use of PPG sensors in mobile phones and wearable watches have been limited to the measurements of heart rates and blood oxygen saturation in spite of widely-spread efforts to expand their applications. This is due to the fluctuations observed between measurements which largely originate from inconsistent placement of fingers on the sensing windows. The integrated tactile pattern could provide consistent and accurate measurements and lead to more successful commercialization of diverse PPG-based mobile healthcare services.

Vietnam’s strong performance on the 2012 and 2015 PISA assessments has led to interest in what explains the strong academic performance of Vietnamese students. Analysis of the PISA data has not shed much light on this issue. This paper analyses a much richer data set, the Young Lives data for Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana), Peru and Vietnam, to investigate the reasons for the strong academic performance of 15-year-olds in Vietnam. Differences in observed child and household characteristics explain 37-39% of the gap between Vietnam and Ethiopia, while observed school variables explain only about 3-4 additional percentage points (although an important variable, math teachers’ pedagogical skills, is not available for Ethiopia). Differences in observed child and household characteristics explain very little of the gaps between Vietnam and India and between Vietnam and Peru, yet one observed school variable has a large explanatory effect: primary school math teachers’ pedagogical skills. It explains about 10-12% of the gap between Vietnam and India, raising the overall explained portion to 14-21% of the gap. For Peru, it explains most (65-84%) of the gap.

This research proposes a data structure for context-aware risk management for architectural heritage using Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) and Virtual Reality (VR). In cultural heritage domain, risk management plays a key role in the preservation and intervention of the heritage. For effective risk management, it is important to share enriched data between people who monitor and diagnose heritages and people who recognize the context of information. The 5W1H (what, when, where, who, why, and how) model-based metadata structure for context-awareness and the framework for linking the HBIM with VR environment which enables sharing and retrieving of risk management information are proposed in this research. Two prototypes were created; an on-site VR application for the heritage managers and a remote VR application for the conservators. The effectiveness of the applications was verified through an experiment including a user survey to compare the paper-based and the VR-based methods regarding on-site VR application, and a focus-group interview regarding the remote VR application. This study enabled to integrate risk management information scattered across a variety of sources and formats, provide contextualized information. Thereby it shortens the time and effort spent to find and share information by heritage managers and conservators.

Objectives: Regular uptake of mammogra­phy screening reduces the risk of advanced stage diagnosis of breast cancer (BC). How­ever, BC screening rates remain suboptimal among Korean American (KA) women. Using the Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Healthcare Services Utilization, this study examined factors associated with mammog­raphy screening among KA women aged 50 to 80 years in the state of Georgia, USA. Methods: We used purposive sampling to recruit study participants in the Atlanta met­ropolitan area from May 2015 to February 2016. A total of 303 KA women completed a cross-sectional, self-report survey about their sociodemographics, health care access information, knowledge, self-efficacy, deci­sional balance, and mammography history. Results: Descriptive analyses confirmed low rates of mammography screening in the participants. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that having a mammogram within the past year was associated with greater BC knowledge, higher scores of decisional balance and fewer annual health check-ups among KA women without any cancer history. Conclusions: The findings offer implica­tions for health policy aimed at increas­ing BC screening by leveraging enabling factors among medically underserved KA women at both structural and cultural levels. Ethn Dis .2019;29(Suppl 2):427-434; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S2.427

© 2019 ASIS & T This study investigates motivations for self-archiving research items on academic social networking sites (ASNSs). A model of these motivations was developed based on two existing motivation models: motivation for self-archiving in academia and motivations for information sharing in social media. The proposed model is composed of 18 factors drawn from personal, social, professional, and external contexts, including enjoyment, personal/professional gain, reputation, learning, self-efficacy, altruism, reciprocity, trust, community interest, social engagement, publicity, accessibility, self-archiving culture, influence of external actors, credibility, system stability, copyright concerns, additional time, and effort. Two hundred and twenty-six ResearchGate users participated in the survey. Accessibility was the most highly rated factor, followed by altruism, reciprocity, trust, self-efficacy, reputation, publicity, and others. Personal, social, and professional factors were also highly rated, while external factors were rated relatively low. Motivations were correlated with one another, demonstrating that RG motivations for self-archiving could increase or decrease based on several factors in combination with motivations from the personal, social, professional, and external contexts. We believe the findings from this study can increase our understanding of users' motivations in sharing their research and provide useful implications for the development and improvement of ASNS services, thereby attracting more active users.

The binder effect was investigated on the interfacial stability and the cell performance of membrane electrode assembly (MEA), when Nafion® and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) ionomers were used as binders. When sPEEK membrane was employed in the MEA fabrication, sPEEK ionomer illustrated better cell performance with lower electric-surface resistance than Nafion® ionomer under the 30% relative humidity (RH), whereas the outcome is vice versa at 100% RH. This different result was caused by the interfacial stability between the catalyst and membrane via binder as well as the proton conductivity of binder. Even though the proton conductivity of Nafion® ionomer was higher than that of sPEEK, the compatibility between sPEEK membrane and sPEEK ionomer was better than that between sPEEK membrane and Nafion® ionomer. At 30% RH, this interfacial stability, rather than proton conductivity of the ionomer, has more significant effect on the cell performance, as the SEM-morphology analysis showed that application of the Nafion® ionomer resulted in the delamination of the membrane from the catalyst layer. At the 100% RH, the proton conductivity of the binder was the main contribution to the cell performance, as an interfacial problem was not evident between the two layers.

Introduction: For Korean Americans (KAs), colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates remain lower than the national target. This study aimed to examine factors predicting decisional stage of CRC screening adoption among older KAs using the precaution adoption process model. Method: Convenience sampling was employed to recruit KAs aged 50 to 75 years from the Atlanta metropolitan area in the United States. A total of 433 KAs completed a cross-sectional survey that collects information on sociodemographics, CRC screening history, a physician’s recommendation, knowledge, self-efficacy, and decisional balance pertaining CRC screening, and precaution adoption process model stage. Results: Higher scores of decisional balance (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.34), having a physician’s recommendation ( OR = 8.61), and having regular annual medical checkups ( OR = 4.44) were significantly associated with higher decisional stage compared with lower stage, controlling for other variables. Discussion: Intervention research should incorporate consideration of individuals’ decisional stage to move KAs forward from not engaging the screening to maintaining regular participation in CRC screening.

The purpose of this study is to propose a theoretical framework for a digital twin-based smart science tourism system using augmented reality in Gwanghwamun Square. To date, smart tourism service was not sufficiently developed for the provision of relevant tourism information to visitors as tourism contents were managed by the separated information system of each institution. The tourists could not receive ideal tourism routes based on their preferences and also according to congestion of each institution. Moreover, the business model using existing tourism services was not well developed, and thus the current tourism services have not sufficiently contributed to the revitalization of the regional economy. We designed a digital twin-based tourism content management system that provides integrated management of tourism information, and augmented reality (AR) science tour services which are included with contents recommendation, best path finding, contents sharing and gamification. We also adopted a business model using the AR tourism platform based on digital twin technology which could contribute to the invigoration of the local economy.

Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to compare the levels of and factors associated with mental health attitude between males and females. Of particular interest was ascertaining the degree to which mental health literacy was related to mental health attitude and whether this relationship would vary by gender. Methods: A total of 732 participants aged 18 years or more were recruited from attendees at the 2016 Minnesota State Fair. We used the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) to measure attitude toward and literacy of mental health. Results: Our multivariate analysis reported that males' mental health attitude was significantly lower than females. Some factors associated with mental health attitude differed by gender as well. Among men, receiving more social support, experiencing higher levels of depression, and being married predicted greater mental health attitude. Among women, older age was associated with lower mental health attitude levels. However, mental health literacy was the strongest factor regardless of gender. Men and women with greater mental health literacy had a more positive mental health attitude. Conclusions: Provision of tailored mental health literacy education both for males and females could potentially improve the public's mental health attitude toward mental illness.

Despite being the poorest or second poorest participant, Vietnam performed much better than all other developing countries, and even ahead of wealthier countries such as the U.S. and the U.K., on the 2012 and 2015 PISA assessments. We provide a rigorous investigation of Vietnam's strong performance. After making various parametric and non-parametric corrections for potentially non-representative PISA samples, including bias due to Vietnam's large out-of-school population, Vietnam still remains a large positive outlier conditional on its income. Possible higher motivation of, and coaching given to, Vietnamese students only partly explains Vietnam's performance, and this is also the case for various observed household- and school-level variables. Finally, Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions indicate that the gap in average test scores between Vietnam and the other participating countries is due not to differences in students' and schools' observed characteristics, but instead to Vietnam's greater "productivity" of those characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Korean American (KA) women have experienced higher prevalence and lower survival rates of breast cancer (BC) than other ethnic groups in the United States. However, BC screening rates for KA women remain significantly lower than the national target (81.1%) specified by Healthy People 2020. Few studies have explained how the decision to adopt BC screening occurs and progresses and what factors contribute to this decision among KA women. This study used Weinstein’s Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) as a theoretical framework to examine characteristics and factors associated with the decisional stage of mammography adoption. METHODS: A cross-sectional self-report survey was administered among KA women (N = 308) ages 50 to 80 from the Atlanta metropolitan area. A total of 281 KA women completed the survey, answering questions about socio-demographics, health-related information, mammography history, doctor recommendation, BC screening knowledge, self-efficacy for BC screening, decisional balance scores on attitudes and beliefs pertaining to mammography, and the seven-stage PAPM. RESULTS: KA women reported a low rate of mammography uptake with about 24% and 35% of the participants undergoing mammography within the last year and two years, respectively. KA women in stages 5 (decided yes), 6 (action), and 7 (maintenance) were likely to have increased screening-related knowledge, positive decisional balance, and regular medical check-up compared to those in stages 1 (unaware), 2 (unengaged), and 3 (deciding). CONCLUSION: This study highlights important factors that could potentially facilitate BC screening among KA women in Georgia. The findings also provide implications for interventions and practice for increasing mammography screening among medically underserved populations.

More than 20 percent of all school-aged children in the United States have vision problems, and low-income and minority children are disproportionately likely to have unmet vision care needs. Vision screening is common in U.S. schools, but it remains an open question whether screening alone is sufficient to improve student outcomes. We implemented a multi-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the impact of vision screening, and of vision screening accompanied by eye exams and eyeglasses, provided by a non-profit organization to Title I elementary schools in three large central Florida school districts. We find that providing additional/enhanced screening alone is generally insufficient to improve student achievement in math and reading. In contrast, providing screening along with free eye exams and free eyeglasses to students with vision problems improved student achievement as measured by standardized test scores. We find, averaging over all students (including those without vision problems), that this more comprehensive intervention increased the probability of passing the Florida Comprehensive Achievement Tests (FCATs) in reading and math by approximately 2.0 percentage points. We also present evidence that indicates that this impact fades out over time, indicating that follow-up actions after the intervention may be necessary to sustain these estimated achievement gains.

Mentoring by faculty advisors is closely related to the personal and professional outcomes of doctoral students. However, few researchers have examined the characteristics of faculty mentors. To deal with this lack of research, the author attempted to explore the characteristics of faculty mentors from the perspective of Library and Information Science (LIS) doctoral students in the United States. In the study, the author combined interviews and a survey to examine the characteristics of faculty mentors. The interview and survey findings present a list of characteristics that are comprehensive and specific to LIS doctoral education. Specifically, the author describes a faculty mentor as a well-rounded person who possesses both professional and interpersonal characteristics. In addition, the findings show some aspects in which the current advising/mentoring could improve. The current study offers a guideline for the accomplishment of doctoral mentoring at a concrete level, rather than vaguely recommending that faculty advisors support the professional and psychosocial development of their students. In a following paper, the author will relate background characteristics of doctoral students to their perception of mentors.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: Korean Americans (KAs) report suboptimal colorectal cancer (CRC) screening adherence. This study investigated factors that enable KAs to adhere to CRC screening guidelines using Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey using self-report measures of CRC screening behaviors. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Purposive sampling was used to recruit 433 KAs aged 50–75 from the Atlanta metropolitan area who completed questionnaires measuring predisposing (i.e., gender, age, marital status, educational attainment), enabling (income, health insurance, regular annual check-ups, doctor recommendation, English proficiency, CRC knowledge, self-efficacy for CRC screening, decisional balance in CRC screening), and need (family cancer history, self-reported health status) factors associated with CRC screening. FINDINGS: A multiple logistic regression model including all 14 predictor variables revealed that several enabling factors (i.e., income, regular annual health check-ups, doctor’s recommendation, self-efficacy, and decisional balance) independently predicted increased CRC screening adherence in KAs. No predisposing or need factors independently predicted CRC screening. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHOSOCIAL PROVIDERS OR POLICY: To increase CRC screening adherence among KAs, psychosocial interventions should target on improving their self-efficacy and decisional balance regarding CRC screening, while policy interventions should focus on promoting health providers’ CRC screening recommendations during routine health check-ups.

BACKGROUND The internet has emerged as a main venue of health information delivery and health-related activities. However, few studies have examined how health literacy determines online health-related behavior. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the current level of health-related information-seeking using the internet and how health literacy, access to technology, and sociodemographic characteristics impact health-related information-seeking behavior. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study through a survey with Minnesotan adults (N=614) to examine their health literacy, access to technology, and health-related information-seeking internet use. We used multivariate regression analysis to assess the relationship between health-related information-seeking on the internet and health literacy and access to technology, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Better health literacy (β=.35, SE 0.12) and greater access to technological devices (eg, mobile phone and computer or tablet PC; β=.06, SE 0.19) were both associated with more health-related information-seeking behavior on the internet after adjusting for all other sociodemographic characteristics. Possession of a graduate degree (β=.28, SE 0.07), female gender (β=.15, SE 0.05), poor health (β=.22, SE 0.06), participation in social groups (β=.13, SE 0.05), and having an annual health exam (β=.35, SE 0.12) were all associated with online health-related information-seeking. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that access to online health-related information is not uniformly distributed throughout the population, which may exacerbate disparities in health and health care. Research, policy, and practice attention are needed to address the disparities in access to health information as well as to ensure the quality of the information and improve health literacy.

Background The internet has emerged as a main venue of health information delivery and health-related activities. However, few studies have examined how health literacy determines online health-related behavior. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the current level of health-related information-seeking using the internet and how health literacy, access to technology, and sociodemographic characteristics impact health-related information-seeking behavior. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study through a survey with Minnesotan adults (N=614) to examine their health literacy, access to technology, and health-related information-seeking internet use. We used multivariate regression analysis to assess the relationship between health-related information-seeking on the internet and health literacy and access to technology, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results Better health literacy (β=.35, SE 0.12) and greater access to technological devices (eg, mobile phone and computer or tablet PC; β=.06, SE 0.19) were both associated with more health-related information-seeking behavior on the internet after adjusting for all other sociodemographic characteristics. Possession of a graduate degree (β=.28, SE 0.07), female gender (β=.15, SE 0.05), poor health (β=.22, SE 0.06), participation in social groups (β=.13, SE 0.05), and having an annual health exam (β=.35, SE 0.12) were all associated with online health-related information-seeking. Conclusions Our findings indicate that access to online health-related information is not uniformly distributed throughout the population, which may exacerbate disparities in health and health care. Research, policy, and practice attention are needed to address the disparities in access to health information as well as to ensure the quality of the information and improve health literacy.

Many researchers have suggested careful application of bibliometric indicators to research evaluation because of many factors including disciplinary norms that influence the publication and citation behaviors of researchers. Although some researchers have examined different bibliometric patterns across disciplines, relatively few scholars have focused on whether research performance should be evaluated in a uniform manner across research domains within a single discipline, especially in a multi-disciplinary fields such as library and information science (LIS). In order to ascertain whether such subject-specific differences exist in the LIS field, we conducted a bibliometric study that examined the publication and citation patterns across subject areas of LIS research in Korea. The analysis of our study data, which consisted of 6,838 citations to 1,986 domestic papers published between 2001 and 2010 by 163 LIS faculty members in Korea, revealed some evidence of bibliometric pattern differences across subject areas. In particular, we found that the authors in Bibliographic Studies, who were almost twice as productive as authors in other subject areas, received the lowest citation counts, which might be attributed to their different publishing and citing behaviors. Publication and citation patterns across subject areas of LIS papers and observation of the possible effect of sub-disciplinary culture on citing behaviors suggest the need for subject-specific assessment of multidisciplinary research discipline such as LIS. In future studies, we will investigate different publication and citation behaviors of authors by subject areas.

This study aims to investigate academic librarians' organizational socialization. Successful socialization can increase librarians' commitments to and retention in the libraries, which may enhance the quality of information services to library patrons. In addition to collecting demographic information, we measured the organizational socialization of 314 academic librarians using Chao, O'Leary-Kelly, Wolf, Klein, and Gardner's (1994) content framework. Study participants possessed high levels of socialization in their libraries overall. They were well socialized in Politics, followed by Performance Proficiency (task/skills), and Language; however, their socialization in Organizational goals/values, History, and People were relatively low, suggesting that there is room for improvement. Other key findings are: (1) male participants had lower levels of socialization in the People dimension than did females; (2) participants who were tenured had higher levels of socialization than did those who had not yet achieved tenure; (3) participants who had informal mentoring experiences had higher levels of socialization overall compared to those who had not received any mentoring; and (4) participants' socialization was associated negatively with the number of employees in their libraries and with the highest degree offered by their institutions. The study findings can be used to understand the learning and adjustment process of academic librarians in the United States, predict their retention and job satisfaction, and develop and improve library training or orientation programs.

Polymer electrolyte membranes are prepared from poly(arylene ether ketone) composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic multi-blocks. 4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-valeric acid and 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone are used for the synthesis of hydrophilic oligomers, while bisphenol A and 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone are used for hydrophobic oligomers. The proton conducting property is provided by sulfonation of the pendant carboxylic groups in hydrophilic blocks. The chemical structure of the oligomers and polymer synthesized is identified using 1H- and 19F- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopies as well as gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The development of distinguished hydrophobic-hydrophilic phase separation is confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The thermal, mechanical, and chemical stabilities are endowed by the hydrophobic segment, whereas the proton conducting and water uptake properties are provided by the hydrophilic segment. The proton conductivity of the prepared membrane is comparable to that of Nafion 115 when the hydrophobic and hydrophilic block molecular weights are 3000 g mol−1 and 18,000 g mol−1, respectively. The block length effect on the membrane properties can be explained by the ion cluster dimension and structure examined by SAXS and AFM.

Bibliometric analysis for research performance evaluation can generate erroneous assessments for various reasons. Application of the same evaluation metric to different domains, for instance, can produce unfair evaluation results, while analysis based on incomplete data can lead to incorrect conclusions. This study examines bibliometric data of library and information science (LIS) research in Korea to investigate whether research performance should be evaluated in a uniform manner in multi-disciplinary fields such as LIS and how data incompleteness can affect the bibliometric assessment outcomes. The initial analysis of our study data, which consisted of 4,350 citations to 1,986 domestic papers published between 2001 and 2010 by 163 LIS faculty members in Korea, showed an anomalous citation pattern caused by data incompleteness, which was addressed via data projection based on past citation trends. The subsequent analysis of augmented study data revealed ample evidence of bibliometric pattern differences across subject areas. In addition to highlighting the need for a subject-specific assessment of research performance, the study demonstrated the importance of rigorous analysis and careful interpretation of bibliometric data by identifying and compensating for deficiencies in the data source, examining per capita as well as overall statistics, and considering various facets of research in order to interpret what the numbers reflect rather than merely taking them at face value as quantitative measures of research performance.

This study proposed a mobile virtual reality-based application for on-site risk management using Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM) to alleviate the inefficiency of paper-based risk management of architectural heritage. In this research, we focused on the design of the metadata and the database structure that is based on the point of interest (PoI), anchor, and content metadata for advanced context-aware information retrieval from HBIM system in the mobile environment. To verify our method, we created a mobile VR-based application of the Gwandeokjeong building in Korea. After, we conducted a comparative experiment on performance time, task load and usability and proved the efficiency of our method for on-site risk management. In conclusion, our metadata and database structure in this study contribute to suggest a method to interoperate between HBIM system and mobile VR system and conduct advanced context-aware information retrieval.

The goal of this study is to examine the trends, policies and issues of impact evaluation, and to draw policy implications for the introduction of impact evaluation in Korea's ODA evaluation system. To achieve this goal, this study first compares and analyzes the policy, evaluation system and various cases of impact evaluation from other donor agencies such as the World Bank, ADB, USAID, MCC, and JICA. Second, we analyze the major issues related to impact evaluation in details. Three issues are raised and analyzed: evaluability assessment, methodology design, and feedback of the result. Third, we conduct an impact evaluation using clustered-RCT to assess the performance of a health project supported by the Korean government in Vietnam. Finally, we analyze the tasks for introducing impact evaluation into Korea's ODA evaluation system at the level of an ODA-integrated evaluation system and implementing agency. This study also proposes a mid- to long-term roadmap to reform Korea’s ODA evaluation system.

This study investigates the effect of parental aspirations gap on children’s educational attainment between 2007 and 2014, using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey data. The aspirations gap is measured by the difference between one’s future reference point and his or her current life evaluation reported by each household head and spouse. The results show that boys whose fathers report a moderate level of the aspirations gap achieve substantially longer schooling years than the mean level of their same age cohort. Furthermore, the relationship is found to be inversely U-shaped, implying that an excessive aspirations gap discourages investment in children’s human capital. An increasing aspirations gap of parents is also found to impede the educational attainment of children in poor families, which are more vulnerable to shocks that are found to increase the gap. Overall, the results of this paper shed light on the role of parental aspirations gap in the link between socioeconomic status of family and educational outcomes of children in Indonesia, where the gap of the poor is found to increase faster than the rich.

Supplemental material, Table_S1-10.9 for Analyzing Factors Associated With Decisional Stage of Adoption for Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Older Korean Americans Using Precaution Adoption Process Model by Seok Won Jin, Jongwook Lee and Sohye Lee in Journal of Transcultural Nursing

This study examined changes in citation index scores and rankings of thirty-five chemistry faculty members at Seoul National University using different co-authorship credit allocation models. Using 1,436 Web of Science papers published between 2007 and 2013, we applied the inflated, fractional, harmonic, network-based allocation, and harmonic+ models to calculate faculty’s h-, R-, and normalization of h- and R- index scores and rankings. The harmonic+ model, which is based on our belief that contribution of primary authors should be the same regardless of collaboration, is designed to minimize the penalty for research collaboration imposed by harmonic and NBA models by boosting the contribution of collaborating primary authors to be on the equal footing with single authors. Although citation rankings by different models are correlated with each other within the same type of citation indicator, rankings of many faculty members changed across models, suggesting the importance of an accurate and relevant authorship credit allocation model in the citation assessment of researchers. The study also found that authorship patterns in conjunction with citation counts are important factors for robust authorship models such as harmonic and NBA, and harmonic+ model may be beneficial for collaborating primary authors. Future research that reexamines the models with updated empirical data would provide further insights into the robustness of the models.

Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 국제사회의 영향력평가 논의동향 및 정책, 쟁점을 살펴보고 우리나라 ODA 성과평가체제에 영향력평가 도입을 위한 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 첫째, 국제사회의 영향력평가 관련 정책 및 수행체제, 사례 등을 비교분석한다. 둘째, 영향력평가 방법 관련 주요 쟁점들을 자세히 분석한다. 셋째, 우리나라 ODA 사업에 실제로 실험적 방법에 기반을 둔 영향력평가를 수행하여 사업의 성과를 측정하고 우리나라 ODA 성과평가에 실질적인 정책적 시사점을 도출한다. 마지막으로 우리나라 ODA 성과관리에 영향력평가 도입을 위한 과제를 ODA 통합평가체계 차원과 시행기관 차원에서 분석하고 중장기적 로드맵을 제시한다. English Abstract: The goal of this study is to examine the trends, policies and issues of impact evaluation, and to draw policy implications for the introduction of impact evaluation in Korea's ODA evaluation system. To achieve this goal, this study first compares and analyzes the policy, evaluation system and various cases of impact evaluation from other donor agencies such as the World Bank, ADB, USA, and Japan. Second, we analyze the major issues related to impact evaluation in details. Three issues are raised and analyzed: evaluability assessment, methodology design, and feedback of the result. Third, we conduct an impact evaluation using clustered-RCT to assess the performance of a health project supported by the Korean government in Vietnam. Finally, we analyze the tasks for introducing impact evaluation into Korea's ODA evaluation system at the level of an ODA-integrated evaluation system and implementing agency. This study also proposes a mid- to long-term roadmap to reform Korea's ODA evaluation system.

Doctoral students rely on their peers as important information sources. However, information behavior studies in academic settings most often describe peers as intermediaries who simply assist individuals’ information seeking for academic resources. To address this issue, the authors interviewed six LIS doctoral students at Florida State University in order to explore the types of peer relationships and information sharing between LIS doctoral students. The preliminary findings confirmed the existence of close, social/academic, and other peers that can be categorized as special, collegial, and information peers using Kram and Isabella's continuum of peer relationships. In addition, it was found that work-related and everyday life information is shared in all three types of peer relationships, while relational strength influences the scope and depth of information sharing. Future work will investigate the role of peers as mentors and agents of socialization in academic settings, and will further address the types of information shared as part of such mentoring relationships.

Citation indexes are essential data sources for bibliometric analysis of research performance. However, the international coverage of popular citation indexes such as Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar is minimal since very few non-English publications are included in those indexes. Thus, one must look to Korean citation indexes for proper bibliometric assessment of research in Korea, rather than relying on conventional indexes that contain only a fraction of scholarly publications by Korean authors. Since the evaluative outcome of bibliometric analysis is only as reliable as the data from which they are drawn, the examination of Korean citation indexes is vital to establishing an effective approach to bibliometric analysis of research performance in Korea. The paper presents a study that investigates three key citation indexes in Korea, namely Korea Science Citation Index (KSCI), Korea Citation Index (KCI), and Korea Medical Citation Index (KoMCI). The study compares the impact factors of the jou...

This study optimizes the profile of the diaphragms of the pressure pulsation damper structure in a high-pressure GDI pump system that is now under development by applying the design of experiments (DOE) method. Because a high-pressure pulsation ranging from 0 to 10 bar reduces the performance of a GDI engine and harms it from a structural point of view, attenuating the large amplitude of the fluid pulsation pressure of the gasoline fuel injected into a GDI pump is necessary. Both the relatively low frequency range of the pressure pulsation, i.e., from 0 Hz to 30 Hz, inside the GDI engine and the high pressure of the utilized gasoline fuel prevent us from applying the existing pressure pulsation dampers such as a T-filter and Helmholtz resonator. Therefore, automotive companies utilize a new pressure pulsation damper structure called an accumulator, which is filled with gas. In the development of this pressure accumulator, it is crucial to design optimal profiles for the enveloping diaphragms in terms of the pulsation efficiency and mechanical stress for the sake of safety. In order to optimize the profile of the diaphragms used in the accumulator developed for a GDI engine, this research develops a new finite element procedure that considers the pressure variation by assuming the isoenthalpy state of the enveloped gas inside the accumulator. The developed finite element procedure is then integrated with the DOE method to determine the optimal profile for the enveloping structure of the developed accumulator. To validate the performance of the developed accumulator, the optimized accumulator is manufactured and tested.

Citation analysis, in addition to peer review, is one of the popular methods to assess faculty research performance. In some disciplines, the validity of citation counts for evaluating research has been proven by many studies. However, it should be used cautiously when different disciplines are concerned, because citation practices may vary across disciplines. Although there have been studies that have examined the different citation practices across disciplines, relatively little research has investigated the citation rates of subject areas within a single discipline. This study explores the citation rates of subject areas in library and information science (LIS) in Korea. The preliminary results of this study will provide the rationale for further work, analyzing the causes of different citation patterns in a discipline. Ultimately, the study could provide useful implications for understanding and using the citation counts in assessing research performance.