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The article presents the results of the experimental investigation of nitric oxides reduction with a reburning process using syngas fuels in semi-industrial gas fired combustion chamber. The studies included the influence of different chemical properties of syngas fuels, on the total of NO and CO emission. The properties of syngas fuels included low calorific value (from 3.43 to 17.2 MJ/Nm3), amount of fuel-bound nitrogen and the share of reburning fuel. The tests have been carried out for two main fuels methane and synthesis gas in semi-industrial combustion chamber. It has been reported that reduction of NO by synthesis reburning fuels reached level up to 80% for low and 45% for medium calorific fuels in case of methane as primary fuel. The high calorific value of synthesis fuel (17.2 MJ/Nm3) introduced to the combustion chamber as a reburning agent caused an increase of NO formation especially in case of low primary nitric oxide emission (an increase of 27% – 60 ppmv). The application of reburning process to the Zonal Volumetric Combustion (ZVC) technology allowed to achieve around 43% reduction of nitric oxide emission in case of medium calorific syngas and excess of primary air value equal to 0.5. For the same fuel, with the excess of primary air equal to 0.1 (proffered by ZVC) the decrease of NO was lower, only up to 14%. The highest reduction was observed for low calorific syngas with the highest concentration of ammonia (more than 60% reduction).

The paper presented an experimental and numerical study on a combustion process of ammonia doped methane flames with the NH3 content in the fuel from 1% up to 5%. Tests were performed with an atmospheric pressure axisymmetric burner for stoichiometric mixtures and fuel-lean conditions (φ = 0.63, 0.71, 0.83, 1.0) with the substrates preheating up to 573 K. Numerical modelling involved three reduced dimensionally combustion models (0D IdealGasReactor, 1D FreeFlame, 1D BurnerFlame) with four detailed reaction mechanisms for the hydrocarbons and nitrogen chemistry (GRI 3.0, SanDiego, Konnov 0.6 and Tian). Comparison of the 0D/1D calculations results with a complete burner geometry modelling (3D Ansys EDC) was performed for GRI 3.0. Experimental study shown that nitric oxide emission increased with the increase of NH3 content in the introduced fuel, however transition from NH3 to NO was incomplete and trend was not linear for the rising ammonia share. Doubling of the ammonia content in the fuel from 2.5% to 5% resulted in a rise of NO emission by only 55.5% (from 946 to 1471 ppmv) for the lean mixtures and by 48% (from 1451 to 2148 ppmv) for the stoichiometric conditions. The numerical analysis results were in a good agreement with the experimental results for the lean mixtures and ammonia content up to 1% for all investigated combustion models and the kinetic reaction mechanisms. Trends of the nitric oxide emission obtained with the stoichiometric flames were valid for 1D models. However overall values were over predicted for an adiabatic 1D FreeFlame calculations and under predicted for 1D BurnerFlame, which showed a sensitivity of the nitrogen chemistry to the process temperature. Analysis with the 3D Ansys EDC model and GRI 3.0 provided the most accurate results up to 2.5% of the NH3 share in the fuel with a maximum relative differences values to the experimental results from 10% up to 24% for the lean and the stoichiometric conditions respectively.

This paper details the experimental and numerical analysis of a combustion process for atmospheric swirl burners using methane with added ammonia as fuel. The research was carried out for lean methane–air mixtures, which were doped with ammonia up to 5% and preheated up to 473 K. A flow with internal recirculation was induced by burners with different outflow angles from swirling blades, 30° and 50°, where tested equivalence ratio was 0.71. The NO and CO distribution profiles on specified axial positions of the combustor and the overall emission levels at the combustor outlet were measured and compared to a modelled outcome. The highest values of the NO emissions were collected for 5% NH3 and 50° (1950 ppmv), while a reduction to 1585 ppmv was observed at 30°. The doubling of the firing rates from 15 kW up to 30 kW did not have any great influence on the overall emissions. The emission trend lines were not proportional to the raising share of the ammonia in the fuel. 3D numerical tests and a kinetic study with a reactor network showed that the NO outlet concentration for swirl flame depended on the recirculation ratio, residence time, wall temperature, and the mechanism used. Those parameters need to be carefully defined in order to get highly accurate NO predictions—both for 3D simulations and simplified reactor-based models.

Article presents results of the numerical study concerning nature of blood flow in the post-surgical artery. The research focuses on the development of geometric variants of patches sewn into the common carotid artery during surgery of the atherosclerotic plaque removal. Based on analytical methods, the geometry of the patch described by the polynomial function has been developed. The simulations of blood flow in the arteries with the sewn patch were performed. The study includes the influence of the patient’s diameter, the width and length of the chosen patch on blood flow disorders. The study results comprise the development of software that with the use on input data related to arterial geometry, patch length and patient’s blood parameters (affecting the fluid density and viscosity), shall generate an accurate contour of the patch of width in the selected range.