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White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important disease that may lead to severe crop losses. The resistance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to white mold is quantitative and affected by environmental conditions. In this case, QTL identification of higher effect and stable in several populations and environments (Meta-QTL) can be useful in marker-assisted breeding. This study aimed to analyze the expression of candidate genes within Meta-QTL regions in two common bean lines Cornell 605 (resistant) and Beryl (susceptible), inoculated with S. sclerotiorum, at different evaluation times. We did so by conducting a phenotypic analysis of the reaction lines were evaluated at 3, 7 and 11 days after inoculation (DAI), with the aim of verifying the reaction discrepancy between the lines in the test environment, and assessing the the expressions of seven genes (PvPKF, PvF-Box, PvERF1, PvPGIP4, PvPR1, PvPOD and PvMYB) within Meta-QTL intervals were analyzed in the lines, at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation (HAI). The phenotypic evaluation showed high susceptibility in Beryl and suggested that most of the interaction between lines and evaluation times occurred due to the rapid development of symptoms in the susceptible line. Based on RT-qPCR results, the genes PvPKF and PvPOD were the most promising to explain partial Cornell 605 resistance conditioning. Differences in the genetic backgrounds of the lines used in this study and the fact that the evaluations were performed in a greenhouse may help to explain why the other candidate genes were not highly expressed in Cornell 605.

White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is currently one of the major diseases affecting bean cultivars, especially in irrigated crops, and extremely difficult to control. Genetic improvement in the form of more resistant lines has been sought for inclusion in the integrated management of this disease. When selecting resistant genotypes, an efficient, fast and simple evaluation method regarding plant reactions to the pathogen is required. In this context, the aim of the present study was to compare straw and seedling phenotyping methods in the evaluation of disease progression by nonlinear models and evaluate the interaction of the phenotyping method with genotype resistance and evaluation timeframes. The results indicate that both phenotyping methods are well correlated regarding bean resistance groups. The applied methods lead to distinct inferences on genotype resistance, and disease progress is closely linked to the resistance level of the evaluated genotype. Both phenotyping methods are efficient, but in different situations. The symptom progression models display similar adjustments to the symptom levels of both methods.

In many species, low levels of polymorphism prevent the assembly of linkage maps that are used to identify genetic markers related to the expression of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). This study compared two methods of locating QTLs in association studies that do not require a previous estimation of linkage maps. Method I (MI) was a Bayesian multiple marker regression and Method II (MII) combined multiple QTL mapping and "moving away from markers". In this method, markers are not directly regressed to the phenotype, but are used as pivots to search for QTLs along the genome. To compare methods, we simulated 300 individuals from an F2 progeny with two levels of marker loss (20 and 80%). A total of 165 markers and seven QTLs were spread along 11 chromosomes (roughly emulating the genetic structure of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris). A real data example with 186 progenies of a F2:4 generation of the species was analyzed using 59 markers (17 simple sequence repeats, 31 amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and 11 sequence-related amplified polymorphisms). MII was more precise than MI for both levels of marker loss. For real data, MII detected 17 candidate positions for QTLs, whereas MI did not detect any. MII is a powerful method that requires further studies with actual data and other designs such as crossover, and genome-wide studies.

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de caracterizar a variabilidade genética entre 116 acessos de açaizeiro da coleção de germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental por marcadores microssatélites (SSR). As reações foram efetuadas com base em 116 amostras de DNA, utilizando sete primers SSR. Os níveis de polimorfismo e as estimativas das distâncias genéticas de Roger foram determinados pelas frequências alélicas e agrupado pelo método UPGMA. Os sete locos SSR revelaram 42 alelos com média de 6 alelos por loco. O conteúdo de informação de polimorfismo (PIC) variou de 0,60 a 0,86 com média de 0,75 e as heterozigosidades observada (Ho) e esperada (He) foram de 0,54 e 0,75, respectivamente. A distância genética média entre todos os acessos foi de 0,61, variando de 0 a 0,96. O método UPGMA formou seis agrupamentos distintos delimitados pela distância genética média (dg m = 0,61). Os acessos de açaizeiro possuem alta diversidade para ser explorada em programas de melhoramento, sendo pelo menos quatro deles altamente divergentes com base nos marcadores SSR. The objective of this work was to characterize genetic variability among 116 accessions of assai palm of the Embrapa Eastern Amazon Germplasm Collection, were examined with microsatellite (SSR) markers. The 116 DNA sample were utilized in the reactions with seven SSR loci. The levels of polymorphism and Roger's genetic distance were estimated from allele frequencies and clustered with the UPGMA method. The seven SSR loci revealed 42 alleles, with average of 6 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.60 to 0.86, with average of 0.75 and observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities were 0.54 and 0.75, respectively. The mean genetic distance between all accessions was 0.61, varying from 0.00 to 0.96. The UPGMA dendrogram presented six distinct groupings, delimited by the mean genetic distance (dg m = 0.61). The accessions of assai palm possess high diversity that may be explored in breeding program and germplasm organization, with at least, four highly divergent accessions.

Cultivares de feijoeiro com grão rosinha foram de grande importância, no passado, e ainda hoje, mesmo com a preferência pelo grão carioca, há nichos de mercado para feijões do grupo Rosinha. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi selecionar linhagens de feijoeiro comum com grão rosinha, alta produção de grãos, rápido cozimento e resistentes à antracnose e à mancha angular. A partir de cinco famílias F8 superiores, provenientes do cruzamento entre os genitores Rosinha Maria da Fé e ESAL 693, foram extraídas 143 linhagens as quais foram avaliadas na safra das águas de 2005/2006 em Lavras (MG). Dessas, manteve-se 99 linhagens que foram avaliadas em Lavras e Lambari (MG), na safra da seca de 2006. As 24 linhagens selecionadas foram novamente avaliadas nos dois locais, no inverno de 2006. Os caracteres avaliados foram produção e tipo de grão, tempo de cocção, reação à mancha angular e também, foi realizado o teste de resistência ao patótipo 65 de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Nas linhagens, observaram-se variabilidade genética para todos os caracteres avaliados, altas estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade, assegurando elevados ganhos com a seleção. Foram selecionadas quatro linhagens com alta produção, tipo de grão ideal, com rápido tempo de cocção e resistência à mancha angular e à antracnose. Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-24T00:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPAF2009bragantia.pdf: 159136 bytes, checksum: cc172d5bca583dff73d50b716270e259 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in defence compounds of common bean cultivars with different levels of resistance to the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and determine the relation of the compounds to pathogen tolerance. The lines were inoculated with the pathogen and assessed for enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters related to plant defence: peroxidases (POX), polyphenol oxidases (PPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), total soluble phenol and lignin contents. Stem tissue samples were collected from two regions of the plant for biochemical analyses. Stem tissue samples were collected from two regions of the plant for biochemical analyses. In the position one, 5 cm of the stem was collected from the region with necrosis caused by the pathogen, and in the position two, 5 cm of the stem was collected from the end of the position one at the times of 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after inoculation (HAI). Greater lignin and total soluble phenol contents and greater induction of POX and SOD activity in inoculated plants in the region near the inoculation (position one) indicate local activation with later signalling for activation of defence mechanisms in other regions of the plant. The genotype with a greater level of resistance was superior to the susceptible one in regard to lignin production and the activities of POX, APX and SOD defence enzymes. These results suggest that a combination of these defence responses in common bean may contribute to greater plant resistance to the pathogen and that these enzymes have potential use in selection of common bean genotypes.

In an attempt to identify strategies for choosing common bean segregating populations, the diallel parameters, the contribution of homozygous (m+a’) and heterozygous (d) loci, the heritability (h a 2), the genetic distance (RAPD), and the selection potential (Z) were estimated in a study carried out in two stages. In the first, 30 hybrid combinations (partial diallel) were assessed in the F2 and F3 generations. Increasing grain yield was due dominance effect (d) although, both GCA and SCA were significant. d varied greatly and gave an information like SCA, however h a 2 alone was not indicative of success in a breeding program. In the second stage, five populations with lesser d and five with higher were selected, and twenty-seven families were taken from each, which were assessed with the parents and seven controls. The estimated parameters were used to check those from the first stage. There was partial agreement among the estimates and the percentages of lines superior to Perola cultivar, which suggests that two or more estimates are needed to identify the promising segregating populations.

Earliest possible prediction of seed-yield potential of autogamous crop populations increases breeding program efficiency by saving time and resources. Alternatives for obtaining seed-yield predictions were compared by evaluating four common-bean populations in F1 and F2 generations together with the parents. Mean components (m + a' and d) and variances were estimated. The potential of each population was predicted by using both these and the Jinks and Pooni (1976) procedure, which allows probability estimation of each population of originating lines surpassing a determined standard. Estimate efficiency was determined by evaluating performances of 62 F5:7 families from each population. Mean component m + a' estimates obtained for the F1 and F2 generations proved efficient in predicting seed yield of F7 generation lines as did d for estimate variance among F7 generation families. In addition, the Jinks and Pooni (1976) procedure proved efficient in early prediction of common bean population genetic potentials, especially when using the m + a' estimate. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-14T18:10:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPAF2002gmb.pdf: 254832 bytes, checksum: d0ed14861db8a5871eef87fdd6a5e61e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002

The Orchidaceae represent one of the largest and most diverse families on the planet. However, this family is constantly threatened by predators and by the advancement of urban centers over its natural habitats. The objective of this study was to use inter-simple sequence repeat markers to evaluate the genetic diversity between orchid accessions of the Laeliinae subtribe, which comprise part of the Orchidaceae study collection at the Department of Agronomic Engineering of the Federal University of Sergipe. DNA was extracted from each specimen by using an adapted 2% cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide protocol. Similarity between individuals was calculated using the Jaccard method. Clustering was carried out by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean method, with resampling and 10,000 bootstraps. Eighty-seven fragments were obtained, all of which were polymorphic, revealing high variability between accessions. The mean similarity was 35.77% between Encyclia sp individuals, and 35.90% between specimens of Cattleya tigrina. For Epidendrum secundum, a relationship between geographic and genetic distances was observed, and the accession collected in the southern part of the State of Sergipe (Serra de Itabaiana National Park) was more divergent than that of the other parts of the state. The data generated in this study will guide further research aimed at the ex situ conservation of these materials.

The performance of Brazilian students in reading tests, both national and international, have been worrisome lately. However, it is widely known that fluency in reading is essential for both personal growth and national development. In this study, we present a prototype of a digital system platform, based on a UCD (User Centered Design) approach, to detect language impediments that can negatively impact literacy acquisition in schoolchildren. This system is based on a battery of tests created earlier by one of the authors (Leonor Scliar-Cabral). The initial results indicate that this digital system has the potential to improve on the original tests battery, making it more effective and easy to deploy, with the promise to help improve the competence and reading fluency of Brazilian elementary school students.

We aimed to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with white mold resistance in a segregating population derived from a cross between common bean cultivars Jalo and Small White, in the Southern State of Minas Gerais. Parents were crossed to obtain the F2 generation of 190 plants. From these, F2:3 and F2:4 progenies were obtained for phenotypic evaluation. DNA was extracted from F2 plants and parents for genotyping with SSR primers. For phenotypic assessment by the straw test, we used 190 F2:3 progenies and six lines in a triple-lattice design of 14 x 14 m. Nine trials were conducted for phenotyping by the oxalic acid method to evaluate 177 F2:4 progenies, in addition to the two parents and two common treatments represented by the Jalo and Corujinha lines. The experimental design for the oxalic acid method was completely randomized with three replicates. Adjusted means of evaluations related to F2:3 and F2:4 were used to identify QTLs by using the moving away method from the marker under Bayesian analysis. The markers GATS91, BM197, and X60000 stood out with high heritability and with effects on disease reduction by the straw test; therefore, these markers are promising for selection. The markers BM183, BM189, and SSR-IAC143 were associated with the QTLs identified by oxalic acid, providing greater effects in white mold resistance with high heritability. Based on the oxalic acid and straw test methods, the most prominent marker was PVBR189.

The interaction between polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs), produced by plants, and endopolygalacturonases (PGs), produced by fungi, limits the destructive potential of PGs and can trigger plant defense responses. This study aimed to i) investigate variation in the expression of different common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes and its relationship with resistance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum); ii) determine the expression levels of PvPGIP genes at different time points after inoculation with white mold; and iii) investigate differences in PvPGIP gene expression between two white mold isolates with different levels of aggressiveness. Four bean lines were analyzed, including two lines from a recurrent selection for white mold (50/5 and 84/6), one resistant line that was not adapted to Brazilian conditions (Cornell 605), and one susceptible line (Corujinha). Gene expression was investigated at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after inoculation. The isolate UFLA 03 caused no significant difference in the relative expression of any gene examined, and was inefficient in discriminating among the genotypes. For the isolate UFLA 116, all of the genes were differentially expressed, as they were associated with resistance to white mold, and the expressions increased until the third day after inoculation. The 50/5 line was not significantly different from the Corujinha line for all of the genes analyzed. However, this line had a resistance level that was similar to that of Cornell 605, according to the straw test. Therefore, the incorporation of PvPGIP genes can increase the resistance of lines derived from recurrent selection.

The analysis of multiples traits has been largely employed in animal and forestry crop breeding; however, in annual crops such as common bean this approach is practically lacking. This study examined the selective accuracy and estimates of genetic parameters in common bean using single- and multi-trait analyses in several designs of genetic correlations and heritabilities by means of simulated- and real-traits. We also compared the efficiency of the Bayesian and REML methods as regarding its selective accuracy and estimates of genetic parameters. In real data experiments, 100 endogamic families of common bean were assessed for grain yield (GY) and grain type (GT) in three environments using a 10 × 10 triple lattice design. Single- and multi-trait analyses were applied for these traits using REML-based BLUP analysis and Bayesian methods. In simulated experiments, traits corresponding to GY and yield components in common bean were simulated under several levels of genetic correlations and evaluated under different levels of heritability in order to verify in which genetic/experimental design it is advantageous to apply single- or multi-trait analyses. The results obtained in this study indicated that GY and GT present low genetic correlation and, therefore, multi-trait analysis may be unjustifiable for these traits. The Bayesian and REML multi-trait analyses were equivalent in point and interval estimates of genetic parameters and predictive accuracy, both for the field and simulated experiments. In addition, it was found that multi-trait analysis is justified in situations where the traits present low/moderate heritability and medium/high genetic correlations among them. It also was found that GY in common bean may be outstandingly favored in accuracy when evaluated jointly with its components. Thus, one can conclude that the simultaneous analysis of GY and yield components in common bean may provide superior gains accuracy and selection efficiency, being the response to selection better obtained by use of the multi-trait heritability.

The aim of this study was to characterize and estimate the genetic similarity among 93 cassava accessions. The DNA amplification was performed with 14 microsatellite primers. The amplification products were separated by a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showing a polymorphism formation, through which the accessions were discriminated against. The genetic similarity among accessions of cassava was estimated by the Dice coefficient. Cluster analysis was carried out using the UPGMA method. The polymorphic primers amplified a total of 26 alleles with 2-4 alleles per loci. The genetic similarity ranged from 0.16 to 0.96. The average values for observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.18 and 0.46, respectively. Twenty genetic similarity clusters were determined, demonstrating diversity among accessions, suggesting the possibility of heterotic hybrid generation. Objetivou-se caracterizar e estimar a similaridade genética entre 93 acessos de mandioca. A amplificação do DNA foi realizada com 14 primers microssatélites. Os produtos de amplificação foram separados por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, evidenciando-se a formação de bandas polimórficas, por meio das quais os acessos foram discriminados. A similaridade genética entre os acessos de mandioca foi estimada por meio do coeficiente de Dice. A análise de agrupamento foi feita com o método UPGMA. 26 alelos foram amplificados com 2 a 4 alelos por loco. O coeficiente de similaridade genética variou de 0,16 a 0,96. Os valores médios para heterozigosidade observada e esperada foram 0,18 e 0,46, respectivamente. 20 agrupamentos de similaridade genética foram detectados, demonstrando a existência de diversidade entre os acessos, sugerindo a possibilidade de geração de híbridos heteróticos.

A producao de individuos haploides e posterior duplicacao para obter os duplo-haploides em milho tem despertado grande interesse da comunidade cientifica. A tecnica pode reduzir o tempo e o custo de obtencao de linhagens melhorando a eficiencia na producao de novas cultivares hibridas. Ao que tudo indica a tecnologia e dominada pelas multinacionais do setor, mas para as pequenas empresas de sementes e no setor publico ainda existem alguns entraves para torna-la viavel a todos os programas de melhoramento. Essa revisao procura mostrar como ocorre a obtencao de duplo- haploides, as dificuldades encontradas nesse processo e os desafios a serem superados.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, identificar linhagens de feijão que reúnam, além da resistência à antracnose, alta produtividade de grãos do tipo carioca e resistência à mancha angular. Foram utilizadas 194 linhagens F5:6 extraídas de sete famílias segregantes, selecionadas do cruzamento entre os genitores H147 e B1. A linhagem H147 possui grãos tipo carioca, portadora do alelo Co-5, que confere resistência a várias raças de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. A linhagem B1 também possui grãos tipo carioca e é portadora do alelo Co-4, que confere resistência a outro grupo de raças do mesmo patógeno. As linhagens foram avaliadas na safra das águas 2005/2006, em Lavras, com a cultivar Talismã e H147 como testemunhas, com base na produtividade e tipo de grãos. Foram selecionadas 99 linhagens, as quais foram avaliadas na safra da seca/2006, juntamente com a testemunha Talismã, com base na produtividade, tipo de grão e resistência à mancha angular. Dessas 99 linhagens, foram selecionadas 24, as quais foram avaliadas na safra de inverno/2006 em Lavras e Lambari, com base no tipo de grão e produtividade. Essas 24 linhagens foram inoculadas com a raça 321 de C. lindemuthianum, que quebra a resistência conferida pelo alelo Co-4, mas não o Co-5. Para verificar a presença do alelo Co4 foi utilizado um marcador SCAR que amplifica um fragmento de 950 pb por meio do primer SAS 13. Foi possível identificar 14 linhagens que possuem a pirâmide de alelos Co-4/Co-5 e entre elas, quatro destacaram-se em todos os caracteres avaliados. The objective of the research was to identify bean strains that possess at the same time resistance to anthracnose, high grain yield of Carioca grain type and resistance to angular leaf spot. 194 strains F5:6 were taken from seven segregating families derived from the cross H147 x B1. The H147 line has Carioca grain type and Co-5 resistance allele to several races of C. lindemuthianum. The B1 line also has the Carioca grain type, and the Co-4 resistance allele against others races of the same pathogen. The strains were evaluated in the spring/summer (2005/2006) in the municipality of Lavras, in the Southern of the State of Minas Gerais, with the Talismã cultivar and H147 line as check, based mainly on grain type and grain yield. 99 strains, together with the Talismã check, were selected and evaluated based on grain yield, grain type and angular leaf spot resistance in the summer (2006) in the same place. From these 99 strains, 24 strains were selected and evaluated in the winter/spring (2006) in two places, Lavras and Lambari, based on the type of grain and productivity, and using the same check. Those 24 strains were also inoculated with the race 321 of C. lindemuthianum that break the resistance of the Co-4 allele, but not of the Co-5. The SCAR marker using the SAS13 primer was used to detect the presence of the Co-4 allele. Fourteen strains were identified that have the Co-4/Co-5 allele pyramid, and, among them, four stand out in all evaluated features.

A seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex. Adr. de Juss) Muell.-Arg.] é uma espécie nativa da região amazônica e compreende a maior fonte produtora de borracha natural do mundo. Na busca de condições mais favoráveis ao cultivo, além da busca pela auto-suficiência na produção de borracha natural, o cultivo da seringueira migrou para outras regiões do país. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, estimar a similaridade genética de genótipos de seringueira, provenientes de regiões distintas do país, Lavras-MG (UFLA) e Campinas-SP (IAC), por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD. A análise foi efetuada em 41 indivíduos, representados por 17 genótipos diferentes, com base em 19 primers, que geraram 121 fragmentos polimórficos. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o software NTSYS-pc - 2.1, por meio do coeficiente de Dice e pelo método das médias (UPGMA). A similaridade genética entre o material analisado variou de 0,56 a 1,00. Na análise do dendrograma, foram observados 18 grupos. Os clones (RRIM600, GT1, PB235, PL PIM e FX2261), utilizados em diferentes repetições, foram idênticos, quando comparados entre si, entretanto o mesmo não foi observado para os clones identificados como RRIM 701. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o material avaliado na UFLA é o mesmo implantado no IAC, exceto o RRIM 701, mostrando uma ampla variabilidade genética, disponível para estudos e propagação da cultura. The rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex. Adr. de Juss) Muell.-Arg.] is a native species from Amazon region, and represents the biggest source of natural rubber in the world.. However, the rubber tree culture has had an expansion to other brazilian regions, in search of more favorable conditions for its cultivation and self-sufficiency in natural rubber. The aim of this work was to estimate genetic similarity among rubber tree clones, from different Brazilian regions, Lavras (UFLA) and Campinas (IAC), by using RAPD molecular markers. The analysis was made using 41 individual plants, which represent 17 different clones, based on 19 primers, which raised 121 polymorphic fragments. The data were analysed with NTSYS-pc - 2.1 software, by using Dice coefficient and UPGMA method. Genetic similarity among the materials showed variation from 0,56 to 1,00. In dendogram analysis, 18 groups were observed. The clones RRIM600, GT1, PB235, PLPIM and FX2261 used in different replications, were identical, when compared among themselves. However, results were not the same for the clones identified by RRIM 701. Results suggest that the UFLA material is the same of IAC material, except for RRIM 701, showing wide genetic variability available for studies and culture propagation.

Submitted by repositorio ufvjm (repositorio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-19T11:26:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-70542008000500022.pdf: 265534 bytes, checksum: 81767cc5bd4b6fa9de7f6cceb3df9514 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-03-06T17:33:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) S1413-70542008000500022.pdf: 265534 bytes, checksum: 81767cc5bd4b6fa9de7f6cceb3df9514 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T17:33:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) S1413-70542008000500022.pdf: 265534 bytes, checksum: 81767cc5bd4b6fa9de7f6cceb3df9514 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-01 Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) Na obten??o de cultivares de feij?o com resist?ncia ? antracnose, outros atributos agron?micos tamb?m devem ser considerados para atender a prefer?ncia do consumidor e do produtor. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se identificar fam?lias de feij?o que re?nam, al?m da resist?ncia ? antracnose, alta produtividade, gr?os tipo Carioca e porte ereto. Foram cruzados os genitores CNFC 10706, B1 portador do alelo de resist?ncia ? antracnose Co-4 e H147 portador do alelo de resist?ncia Co-5. Os tr?s possuem gr?os semelhantes ao Carioca. Inicialmente foram avaliadas 224 fam?lias F2:3, derivadas dos tr?s cruzamentos, mais a cultivar Talism? como testemunha, no inverno/primavera de 2004, em Lavras, com base no tipo de gr?o. Foram selecionadas 99 fam?lias F2:4 e avaliadas com a testemunha Talism?, na seca de 2005 em Lavras e Lambari. Essas 99 fam?lias foram tamb?m inoculadas com as ra?as 593 e 337 de C. lindemuthianum, para auxiliar na sele??o daquelas portadoras dos alelos de resist?ncia Co-4 e Co-5. As 35 fam?lias F2:5 remanescentes, foram avaliadas no inverno/primavera de 2005, em Ijaci, MG. Em todos os experimentos foi utilizado, o delineamento l?tice quadrado. As 35 fam?lias foram novamente inoculadas com as ra?as 65 e 321. Por meio das inocula??es e tamb?m com o uso de um marcador molecular SCAR ligado ao alelo Co-4, foi poss?vel identificar a constitui??o gen?tica da maioria das 35 fam?lias quanto ? rea??o antracnose e selecionar quatro que re?nem, simultaneamente, tipo de gr?os semelhante ao Carioca, porte ereto e boa produtividade, al?m de serem portadoras dos alelos Co-4 e Co-5 de resist?ncia ? antracnose. In the common bean breeding, besides anthracnose resistance other agronomical traits need to be considered for achieving the producer and consumer requirements. So the aims of this research were to select common bean families resistant to anthracnose, high grain yield, Carioca grain type and upright plant type. The lines CNFC 10706, B1 and H147 were crossed. All of them have Carioca grain type. The B1 line is resistant to anthracnose due to the Co-4 allele, and the H147 due to the Co-5 allele. From the CNFC 10706 x H147, CNFC 10706 x B1 and H147x B1, 224 F2:3 families plus the check Talism? were evaluated in the winter/spring of 2004, in Lavras county, based on grain type. Ninety nine families were selected and evaluated, plus the check, in the seca of 2005 at Lavras and Lambari county. The families were also inoculated with the 337 and 593 races of C. lindemunthianum for selecting those with the Co-4 and Co-5 resistant alleles. The 35 selected families (F2:5) were evaluated in the winter/spring of 2005, in Ijaci county. The square lattice design was used in all experiments. Those 35 families were also inoculated with the 65 and 321 races of C. lindemunthianum. Through the inoculations and the Co-4 SCAR marker the genetic constitutions of most of the 35 families were identified. Four families were selected with Carioca grain type, upright plant type, high grain yield and besides bearing the Co-4 and Co-5 alleles for anthracnose resistance.

Agaricus blazei (Murrill) ss. Heinem. é um cogumelo nativo do Brasil que vem despertando a atenção de vários pesquisadores em todo o mundo, devido às suas propriedades farmacológicas e nutricionais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo, analisar a variabilidade genética de alguns isolados utilizados comercialmente, por meio de marcadores RAPD. Foram analisados nove isolados de A. blazei, provenientes de diferentes regiões do Brasil e, como controle, dois isolados de A. bisporus. Todos eles fazem parte da coleção de fungos do Laboratório de Cogumelos Comestíveis e Medicinais do DBI/UFLA. Diferentes primers aleatórios foram utilizados, gerando um total de 139 bandas polimórficas. Procedeu-se a avaliação de similaridade genética entre os isolados pelo coeficiente de Dice e análise de agrupamento pelo método UPGMA. Os resultados revelaram que dos 9 isolados de A. blazei, 6 (CS1, CS3, CS4, CS6, CS8 e CS9) apresentaram uma alta similaridade genética, sendo considerados isolados de uma mesma origem ou clones. O isolado CS2 foi o que apresentou a maior divergência genética em relação aos demais, seguido dos isolados CS5 e CS7, os quais formaram cada um, um grupo a parte, com médias de 60,6%, 88,7% e 91,3% de similaridade genética, respectivamente. Agaricus blazei (Murrill) ss. Heinem. is a Brazilian native mushroom which has called the attention of several researchers all over the world due to its nutritional and pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of some isolates commercially used, using RAPD markers. Nine isolates of A. blazei were analyzed, from different regions in the country, and two isolates of the A. bisporus, which served as control group. All of them are part of the collection of mushroom of the Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Laboratory of DBI/UFLA. For RAPD analysis, different random primers were used, generating 139 polymorphic bands. The genetic similarity evaluation was proceeded between the isolates by means of Dice coefficient and grouping analysis through the UPGMA method. The results showed that from the 9 isolates of A. blazei, 6 (CS1, CS3, CS4, CS6, CS8 e CS9) have shown a high genetic similarity and these were considered isolates of the same origin or clones. The CS2 was the isolate which showed the higher genetic divergence in relation to the others, followed by the CS5 and CS7, with averages of 60.6%, 88.7% and 91.3% genetic similarity, respectively.

In this study, we identified simple sequence repeat, ampli­fied fragment length polymorphism, and sequence-related amplified poly­morphism markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to white mold disease in common bean progenies derived from a cross between lines CNFC 9506 and RP-2, evaluated using the oxalic acid test and using Bayesian analysis. DNA was extracted from 186 F2 plants and their parental lines for molecular analysis. Fifteen experiments were car­ried out for phenotypic analysis, which included 186 F2:4 progenies, the F1 generation, the F2 generation, and the lines CNFC 9506, RP-2, and G122 as common treatments. A completely randomized experimental design with 3 replications was used in controlled environments. The adjusted means for the F2:4 generation were to identify QTLs by Bayesian shrink­age analysis. Significant differences were observed among the progenies for the reaction to white mold. The moving away method under the Bayes­ian approach was effective for identifying QTLs when it was not possible to obtain a genetic map because of low marker density. Using the Wald test, 25 markers identified QTLs for resistance to white mold, as well as 16 simple sequence repeats, 7 amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and 2 sequence-related amplified polymorphisms. The markers BM184, BM211, and PV-gaat001 showed low distances from QTLs related white mold resistance. In addition, these markers showed, signal effects with increasing resistance to white mold and high heritability in the analysis with oxalic acid, and thus, are promising for marker-assisted selection.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar famílias de feijoeiro com resistência a Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e Phaeoisariopsis griseola e com outros fenótipos agronômicos desejáveis. As famílias utilizadas foram obtidas do cruzamento entre a linhagem H91, portadora de três alelos de resistência à antracnose, com três famílias F2:5 resistentes à mancha-angular, derivadas da cultivar Jalo EEP 558. Foi utilizado o delineamento látice quadrado em todos os experimentos. Inicialmente, foram avaliadas 144 famílias F2:3, no inverno de 2004, em Lavras, MG, com base no tipo de grão. Foram selecionadas 80 famílias F2:4 e avaliadas com a testemunha BRSMG Talismã, no período das águas de 2004/2005, no mesmo local. Considerando-se o tipo de grão e a resistência à mancha-angular e antracnose, foram mantidas 48 famílias F2:5, que foram avaliadas na seca de 2005, em Lavras e Lambari, MG. Essas 48 famílias passaram por inoculação das raças 2047, 73 e 1545 de C. lindemuthianum, para verificação da presença dos alelos de resistência Co-4², Co-5 e Co-7, respectivamente. Foram identificados genótipos da maioria das 48 famílias, quanto à reação à antracnose, das quais se destacaram quatro, em relação ao tipo de grão semelhante ao 'Carioca', de porte ereto, produtividade elevada e resistência à mancha-angular. The objective of this work was to select common bean families resistant to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Phaeoisariopsis griseola and, also, with superior agronomical traits. Families used were obtained from crosses of H91 lineage, bearer of three alleles resistant to anthracnose, and F2;5 families derived from the cultivar Jalo EEP 558, which is resistant to angular leaf spot. Square lattice design was used in all experiments. Initially the F2:3 families (144) were evaluated in the winter of 2004, in Lavras county, MG, Brazil, based on grain type. Eighty families (F2:4) were selected and evaluated with the check BRSMG Talismã, in the wet periods of 2004/2005, in the same place. Considering grain type, anthracnose and angular leaf spot resistances, 48 families (F2:5) were selected and evaluated in the dry period of 2005, in two places, Lavras and Lambari, MG. These 48 families were also inoculated with the 2047, 73 and 1545 races of C. lindemuthianum, in order to verify the presence of alleles of resitance Co-4², Co-5 and Co-7, respectively. Genotypes with anthracnose resistance were identified in most families, four of which are outstanding for their ideal 'Carioca'-like grain, with upright plant, high grain yield and resistance to angular leaf spot.

Vegetative propagation of potato allows the dissemination of viruses that can cause drastic drops in tuber yield. Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most important viruses of potato due to the non-persistent mode of transmission through vector insects. Genetic resistance is the recommended control measure since the chemical control of vector insects is not effective. This study aimed to identify PVY-immune clones through potato grafting onto virus-infected tobacco plants, check their genetic constitution for the Ry allele through PCR and evaluate the clones' field performance. Sixty-two clones were identified as PVY-immune through grafting. The SCAR marker allowed the identification of two duplex clones for the Ry allele (RyRyryry), which can be used as parents to originate progenies with about 80% PVY-immunity in crossings with susceptible clones. Besides, the clones were productive and presented high tuber dry matter content.

Objective of the present study was to select common bean lines wit the traits anthracnose and angular leaf spot- resistance, high yield, Carioca type grains and an upright plant type. One hundred and fifty-three lines were selected from five segregating families derived from backcrosses using G2333 (donor parent) and the lines ESAL 696 and CI 140 (recurrent parents). The lines were evaluated and selected in three seasons under inoculation with the races 2047, 1545 and 81 of C. lindemuthianum and also tested with the SCAR marker of allele Co-5. Lines with high grain yield, Carioca type grains, upright plant type, and anthracnose- resistance were selected. The SCAR marker was not effective for the selection of resistant lines with Co-5 allele. No angular leaf spot- resistant lines were identified.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic progress after four cycles of recurrent selection in common bean. The base segregating population was obtained from 10 parents, and derived the S0:1 and S0:2 families that were evaluated. The S0:3 families with higher grain yield and grain color, like the standard carioca were selected, and were intercrossed to generate the population of the following cycle. This process was repeated for four cycles. The best families were evaluated in each cycle by many generations and locations, and the five best lines of each cycle were identified. The 20 lines thus obtained were evaluated in two growing seasons, sown in July and November 2002. The grain yield (kg/ha) and grain type (scale of scores) were evaluated. Genetic progress was confirmed for both traits. The mean annual gain with selection for the grain type was 10.5% and 5.7% for grain yield, with no evidence of variability reduction in the population. These results show that recurrent selection is a good alternative for improving common bean quantitative traits. Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-15T05:10:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 euphytica-2005.pdf: 807386 bytes, checksum: 9615d3ae20925b5d30ea7c91310c9fb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005

Aiming at the identification of common bean lines with anthracnose-resistance, 256 lines obtained from the backcrossing program of the donor parent G2333 (carrier of the alleles Co-4 2 , Co-5, and Co-7) with the recurrent parents ESAL 696 and CI 140 were used. These lines were inoculated with the three races 2047, 1545, and 73. In the lines with allele Co-4 2 , resistant to race 2047, we could not identify other resistance alleles, although Co-5, Co-7 or both might be present in some of them. In the lines without allele Co-4 2 (susceptible to race 2047) and inoculated with the races 1545 and 73, some lines were identified with pyramid Co-5 and Co- 7, some with Co-5 only, and others with Co-7 only. Lines carrying allele Co-7 only can be used for tagging.

RAPD markers were used to assess the potential five inbreeding methods have to release genetic variability. These methods were employed until family selection in the F 5 generation, plus the parents Carioca and Flor de Mayo, and the test cultivar Perola. DNA was extracted from 16 plants per family for RAPD reaction. Twenty-two primers amplified DNA fragments linked to a number of grain yield loci, weight of 100 seeds, number of days to flowering, and reaction to the oidium and angular leaf spot. To estimate genetic similarities between every genotype pair in each inbreeding method 42 polymorphic bands amplified among the families and parents were used. Genetic similarities were UPGMA-clustered and grouped by multidimensional scaling. The bulk method was most efficient to release genetic variability, followed by bulk in F 2 families, SSD, bulk in F3 families, and pedigree. The bulk method created families with higher similarities close to the Carioca, which is one of the regionally most grown cultivars.

The objective of this study was to identify RAPD and SSR markers associated with a resistant allele for angular leaf spot (Phaeoisariopsis griseola) from the line 'ESAL 550', derived from the Andean 'Jalo EEP 558' cultivar, to assist selection of resistant genotypes. The resistant line 'ESAL 550' and the susceptible cultivar 'Carioca MG' were crossed to generate F1 and F2 populations. One hundred and twenty F2:3 families were evaluated. The DNA of the 12 most resistant families was bulked and the same was done with the DNA of the 10 most susceptible, generating two contrasting bulks. One RAPD and one SSR marker was found to be linked in coupling phase to the resistant allele. The SSR marker was amplified by the primer PV-atct001(282C), and its distance from the resistant allele was 7.6 cM. This is the most useful marker for indirect selection of resistant plants in segregating populations. The RAPD marker was amplified by the primer OPP07(857C) linked in coupling phase to the resistant allele, and distant 24.4 cM. Therefore, this RAPD marker is not so useful in assisting selection because it is too far from the resistant allele.

The Carioca MG (susceptible = P 1 ) and Perola (resistant = P 2 ) cultivars were used as parents in a cross aiming at investigating the genetic control of the common bean plant reaction to Phaeoisariopsis griseola. Two hundred and fifty-one families (141 F 2:3 , 53 F 2 RC 11 and 57 RC 12 ) from this cross were evaluated for angular leaf spot severity in the leaves and pods, in two generations, under natural incidence of the pathogen. The genetic variance components, heritability in the broad ( 2 h ) and narrow ( 2 h ) senses and number of genes that control the reaction to angular leaf spot were estimated. The families were genetically different for level of resistance to the pathogen, and varied from 59.20% to 72.41% and varied from 19.32% to 73.79% for the leaf analysis. For reaction to the pathogen in the pods, the varied from 55.00% to 68.22% and was nil, indicating the presence of dominant alleles in the control of the trait, and of genes different from those responsible for the control of the disease in the leaves. Only one gene was estimated for the genetic control of the reaction to the pathogen in the leaves and two genes in the pods.

The objectives were: 1 - to identify, under different environments, RAPD markers linked to loci that control the 100 seed weight of common beans; 2 - to evaluate the existence of interactions involving QTLs with planting dates and locations; 3 - to compare detection procedures of markers linked to QTLs utilizing the methods of mapping and multiple regression. One hundred and ninety-six recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of cultivars Carioca x Flor de Mayo were evaluated under two traditional sowing dates for common beans in 1996, 1997 and 1998, in Lavras and Patos de Minas, Brazil. For the phenotypic evaluation of the families, seven field experiments were conducted. The experimental design used was a 14 x 14 partially balanced Square Simple Lattice. Results indicated that interaction of QTLs by location were significant, and some stable QTLs were identified. Multiple regression analysis identified a greater number of QTL-linked markers than the process of composite interval mapping. There was no coincidence between results obtained with the two methods studied. Molecular markers which were considered of greater potential use on marker- assisted selection for seed weight were OPN-02 (1445 pb) e OPM-06 (1096 pb).

Foram avaliadas as técnicas multivariadas para se estimar a divergência genética entre genótipos de feijoeiro, visando a obtenção de populações com ampla variabilidade genética. Utilizaram-se as seguintes técnicas de análise multivariada: distância Euclidiana média, a partir dos dados padronizados (d e); distância Euclidiana média, obtida com os escores das três primeiras variáveis canônicas (d vc); distância Euclidiana média, a partir dos escores dos três primeiros componentes principais (d cp); distância Euclidiana média usando as três primeiras cargas fatoriais (d ft), e distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D²). Foram utilizados doze genótipos de feijoeiro (Aporé, H-4-7, PF-9029975, CI-128, Carioca MG, CI-21, Carioca 300V, Ouro Negro, A-285-Rudá, ESAL 693, Pérola e IAC Carioca Aruã) avaliados em quatro épocas (inverno/97, águas/97/98, seca/98 e inverno/98) por meio de dez características agromorfológicas. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. As técnicas multivariadas foram concordantes para identificar os genótipos geneticamente mais divergentes. Os genótipos, ESAL 693 e Ouro Negro diferiram entre si e entre os demais. O PF-9029975 e Carioca MG foram similares e diferiram das demais de acordo com as distâncias Euclidianas médias. Salienta-se também a divergência da cultivar Aporé em relação à Pérola, embora esta cultivar seja uma linhagem selecionada dentro da Aporé. Assim, todos esses genótipos geneticamente mais divergentes são promissoros para serem cruzados e fornecerem populações com maior segregação em vários caracteres agronômicos, especialmente o ESAL 693 com os demais que possuem grãos tipo carioca. Foi também constatada razoável concordância na identificação dos caracteres que menos contribuíram para a diversidade genética. Multivariate techniques were used to evaluate the genetic divergence among genotypes of common bean, aiming to identify segregating populations with large genetic variability. The multivariate techniques used were: the average Euclidean distance based on standardized variables (d e), on scores of the three first canonical variables (d vc), on scores of the first three principal components (d cp), on the first three factor loads (d ft), and the Mahalanobis generalized distance (D²). Twelve common bean genotypes were used (Aporé, H-4-7, PF-9029975, CI-128, Carioca MG, CI-21, Carioca 300V, Ouro Negro, A-285 Rudá, ESAL 693, Pérola e IAC Carioca Aruã), and evaluated in four seasons (Jul-Nov/97, Nov/97-Feb/98, Feb-Jun/98 and Jul-Nov/98), based on ten morpho-agronomic traits. A randomized block design with three replications was utilized. The multivariate techniques showed similar results mainly for identifing the more divergent genotypes. Among them, ESAL 693 and Ouro Negro were genetically different between themselves and among the other genotypes. PF-9029975 and Carioca MG were genetically similar, although different of other genotypes according to average Euclidean procedures. It should be pointed out that Aporé genotype was divergent of Pérola genotype, although the last one is a selected line in the Aporé. Therefore, all of those genetically divergent genotypes are promissing to cross for obtaining higher segregating populations, specially ESAL 693 with the others that have a carioca grain type. A resonable correspondence was found in the identification of traits with smallest contribution to genetic diversity.

Aiming at using RAPD markers to accelerate the recovery of desirable phenotypes in backcross programs, 167 common bean plants belonging to BC 1 , BC 2 and BC 3 resistant to the 2047 race of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum were selected after inoculation. The DNA of those plants and of the parents G2333 (donor), ESAL696 and CI140 (recurrents) was extracted and 70 polymorphic bands were obtained using 34 primers, through the RAPD procedure. Genetic similarities between BC plants and parents for each group were estimated. It was verified that RAPD was efficient in estimating genetic diversity among genotypes, as well as parentage for the BC 1 F 4 and BC 2 F 1 populations in relation to their parents, according to their genealogy. The efficiency of the genetic similarity for determining the parentage of the backcross populations in relation to their parents confirms its usefulness in selecting plants more similar to the recurrent parent, even in BC 1 .

Aiming at verifying whether the common bean allele of resistance to Erysiphe polygoni is associated with undesirable agronomic characters and identifying RAPD markers linked to the resistance allele of the line ESAL 686, the reaction of 64 F 1:2 families of the backcross (Jalo x ESAL 686) x Jalo to the pathogen was evaluated. The F 1:3 RC 1 families were evaluated, in the absence of oidium, by grain yield (g/ plot), weight of 100 seeds (g) number of days to flowering and grain aspect. The association noticed of the reaction gene with grain aspect should not prevent the selection of resistant lines with grains similar to Jalo. DNA of F 1 RC 1 plants, resistant and susceptible, were pooled making up two bulks and amplified by RAPD. The four markers identified, amplified by the primers OPAC15, OPC14, OPC18 and OPL16, are closely linked among them and relatively far from the resistance allele, having little usefulness for indirect selection of resistant plants.

The use of genetically resistant cultivars is the best method to reduce losses caused by white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary). As the best known resistance sources are not adapted, the genetic control of white mold in the common bean must be understood to guide breeding more efficiently. The objective of the present study was to identify the genetic control of the resistance of common bean to white mold by an indirect method using oxalic acid. For this, the descendents of the VC3 cross (susceptible) x G122 (resistant) were used. The trait was assessed by a descriptive key of scores after treatment with oxalic acid. The assessments were made on individual plants (P1, P2, F1, F2 populations and within F2:3 families) in a complete randomized design and on family means where the randomized block design was used with two replications. The oxalic acid method was efficient in detecting genetic differences. The additive effects dominated and genetic control was characterized by partial dominance (d/a = 0.47). At least one resistance gene is involved, although the trait is greatly influenced by the environment. The broad sense heritability at the family mean level (0.47) was greater than that obtained at the individual plant level (0.33), indicating that selection should be more efficient based on progeny mean assessments.

The aim of this work was to identify the cooking capacity of grains from 23 common bean families already selected for high grain yield and grain type. They were derived from ESAL 693 x Rosinha cross and are all precocious, of type-I growth habit. The family seeds were from F 2:6 /F 4:6 generation (eight months old) and F 2:7 /F 4:7 (one month old); cooking and water absorption ability were evaluated using 25 seeds per plot, with two replications, through a JAB-77 experimental cooker, minor type. Cooking capacity and water absorption of the grains from the 23 families were genetically different and showed the same performance for both ages. Four families (1, 13, 14 and 15) presented high cooking capacity for both ages, among which 13, 14 and 15 distinguished for having high heritability estimates, making them the best choice for selection. No correlation was observed between the two traits, indicating that cooking capacity is the factor that should be evaluated for selection.

A cor da semente do feijão, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Leguminosae-Faboideae), é de grande importância para o consumo no Brasil, por isso, o conhecimento do seu controle genético, em um cruzamento particular, orienta no dimensionamento da população segregante para a seleção do fenótipo de interesse. Então, objetivou-se determinar o controle genético de alguns caracteres relacionados à cor da semente, a partir do cruzamento Rosinha x ESAL 693 (tipo carioca) e prever as chances de seleção dos fenótipos semelhantes aos das cultivares Carioca e Rosinha. Foram avaliadas as cores de fundo e a presença/ausência de listras e halos nas sementes produzidas em plantas F2 e em plantas das famílias F2:3. Constatou-se apenas um gene responsável pela ocorrência de listras na semente e outro pela cor bege clara ou escura de fundo da semente tipo carioca. Para os caracteres presença ou ausência de halo e tipo de semente igual ou diferente da cultivar Rosinha, foram identificados dois genes em cada caso. Excetuando-se a presença de listra, certamente estão também envolvidos genes modificadores no controle dos demais caracteres. Considerando todos os caracteres, esperam-se 11,26% das plantas F2 produzindo sementes do tipo carioca ideal e 12,82% das plantas com sementes do tipo rosinha

The bean cultivar BRSMG União as a new option of a bean cultivar with jalo grains for the state of Minas Gerais. The cultivar BRSMG União had an average grain yield of 9.8% above the mean of the controls (Jalo EEP 558 and BRS Radiante) and was resistant to powdery-mildew.

Oral health is a state of being free from a range of diseases and disorders that affect oral cavity. Dental cavities and gum diseases are among the most prevalent diseases worldwide. However, they can be prevented as risk factors include poor diets and hygiene. Also, social determinants play a key role as it is well established that poor health is higher among the most disadvantaged. Thus this study aimed to describe oral preventive care of the Portuguese population and assess socioeconomic inequalities. The Portuguese National Health Examination Survey is developed as a part of the project “Improvement of epidemiological health information to support public health decision and management in Portugal. Towards reduced inequalities, improved health, and bilateral cooperation”, that benefits from a 1.500.000€ Grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Grants. N/A