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BackgroundTrauma-induced immune dysfunction has been a major barrier to achieving reduced mortality, which is poorly understood. Autophagy is a crucial catabolic mechanism of immune cells during times of stress. Few studies have investigated the immune regulatory effects induced by autophagy after trauma. Here, we use single-cell transcriptomics analysis in a major trauma cohort to demonstrate the dominant role of autophagy in innate immune cells during the early stages of major trauma.MethodSingle-cell transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was performed, which were sampled from three control participants and five major trauma patients within 6 hours of injury. In detail, after single-cell RNA-sequence data processing, cell type annotation and cluster marker identification were performed. A genetic toolbox with 604 autophagy-related genes was used to monitor the autophagy levels in immune cells. In addition, all transcriptome RNA sequencing data obtained from PBMCs in a cohort of 167 major trauma patients were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE36809). Key deregulated biological processes and important autophagic hub genes involved in immune cells were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis and gene ontology enrichment analysis.ResultsA total of 20,445 differentially expressed genes were identified and five co-expression modules were constructed. Enrichment analysis indicated that activated autophagy is the most important biological process during the early stages of major trauma, and JMY (autophagy-related genes) were identified as hub genes. The single-cell transcriptional profiling of PBMCs demonstrated that all components of adaptive immune cells were significantly decreased, whereas components of innate immune cells (monocytes and neutrophils) were significantly increased in major trauma patients compared with control participants. Activated autophagy was detected in monocytes and neutrophils by monitoring the dynamic transcriptional signature of the autophagy-related genetic toolbox. Biological process analysis shows that antigen uptake, processing presentation, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II protein complex assembly pathways were up-regulated in autophagy-positive monocytes, whereas antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen and type I interferon signaling pathways were up-regulated in autophagy-positive neutrophils during the early stages of major trauma.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that autophagy is a biological process crucial to the development of immune disorders in the early stages of major trauma. Furthermore, the results of our study generated a comprehensive single-cell immune landscape for major trauma patients, in which we determined that autophagy profoundly affects the main functions of innate immune cells and provides insight into the cellular basis of immune dysregulation after major trauma.

Developing an effective and durable antibacterial surface is important for surgical tools and biomedical implants. In this work, a zwitterionic copolymer containing catechol groups as biomimetic anchoring segments was coated onto 316 L stainless steel via drop-casting. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements indicated that the coatings made of the copolymers containing zwitterionic and dopamine segments at the molar ratios of 8:2 and 6:4 exhibited stronger stability and mechanical durability than the one at 9:1 after inducing tape-peeling and ultrasonication damage. The mechanically durable nanocoatings exhibited excellent antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in a period of 3 days. The nanocoatings with zwitterionic and dopamine segments at the molar ratio of 8:2 were further evaluated and demonstrated durable antibacterial performance after tape-peeling and ultrasonication treatments.

In this paper, a low-noise blocker-tolerant receiver that integrates Balun-LNA and N-Path mixer is proposed. Without on-chip balun, the LNA use a noise cancellation structure to constrain receiver noise. N-Path mixer and second-order low-pass TIA filter are used to implement the characteristics of blocker-tolerant. In 65nm CMOS process, the receiver occupies 0.09mm of active area, operates in the frequency range of 1.8–2.8 GHz and provides a 38dB conversion gain and a baseband bandwidth of 10 MHz. Consumes 29mW of power to achieve 2.8dB NF and 21.5dBm OOB-IIP3.

Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are a unique class of materials that exhibit visible luminescence. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is a widely used biomaterial for a variety of purposes, such as drug delivery, bone cementing, and implant coatings. In this study, a nanocomposite of AuNCs and ACP is prepared by biomimetic mineralization in a Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). The strong interaction between AuNCs and Ca

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as a progressive neurodegenerative dementia, characterized by degeneration of distinct neuronal populations. A case-control study was carried out using high-resolution mass spectrometry to explore AD-associated urinary metabolic biomarkers from 30 AD patients and 30 cognitively normal (CN) individuals. In total, 49 metabolites were determined and validated as known compounds using LC/MS analysis. Using the two-sample t-test statistical analysis (P 0.05), 19 metabolites were shown to be significantly different from AD to CN. A diagnostic model of the receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed with a combination of nine molecules out of 19 metabolites, it yielded a separation with an area under the curve value of 0.976 between the two groups. This study indicated that urinary metabolites showed a significant expression between AD and CN. AD-related metabolites enable to satisfy the diagnostic power of disease discrimination. In addition, as a noninvasive approach, urine collection is done easily in clinical diagnosis of AD.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bone strength, microarchitectural changes in bone tissues, and increased risk of fracture. Its occurrence is closely related to various factors such as aging, genetic factors, living habits, and nutritional deficiencies as well as the disturbance of bone homeostasis. The dysregulation of bone metabolism is regarded as one of the key influencing factors causing OP. Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are important compounds in the maintenance of bone metabolic homeostasis by participating in several important biological processes such as the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, bone formation in osteoblasts, and bone resorption in osteoclasts. The effects of specific COPs on mesenchymal stem cells are mainly manifested by promoting osteoblast genesis and inhibiting adipocyte genesis. This review aims to elucidate the biological roles of COPs in OP development, starting from the molecular mechanisms of OP, pointing out opportunities and challenges in current research, and providing new ideas and perspectives for further studies of OP pathogenesis.

Uncontrolled severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection is closely related to disorders of the innate immune and delayed adaptive immune systems. Dendritic cells (DCs) “bridge” innate immunity and adaptive immunity. DCs have important roles in defending against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we summarize the latest research concerning the role of DCs in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We focus on the complex interplay between DCs and SARS-CoV-2: pyroptosis-induced activation; activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; and activation of dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin. We also discuss the decline in DC number, the impaired antigen-presentation capability, and the reduced production of type-I interferon of DCs in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, we discuss the potential mechanisms for pathological activation of DCs to understand the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lastly, we provide a brief overview of novel vaccination and immunotherapy strategies based on DC targeting to overcome SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), natural killer T (NKT) cells act as primary initiators of immune responses. However, a decrease of circulating NKT cells has been observed in COVID-19 different stages, of which the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing analysis in three large cohorts of COVID-19 patients, we found that increased expression of Tim-3 promotes depletion of NKT cells during the progression stage of COVID-19, which is associated with disease severity and outcome of patients with COVID-19. Tim-3+ NKT cells also expressed high levels of CD147 and CD26, which are potential SARS-CoV-2 spike binding receptors. In the study, Tim-3+ NKT cells showed high enrichment of apoptosis, higher expression levels of mitochondrial genes and caspase genes, with a larger pseudo time value. In addition, Tim-3+ NKT cells in COVID-19 presented a stronger capacity to secrete IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 compared with healthy individuals, they also demonstrated high expression of co-inhibitory receptors such as PD-1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3. Moreover, we found that IL-12 secreted by dendritic cells (DCs) was positively correlated with up-regulated expression of Tim-3 in NKT cells in COVID-19 patients. Overall, this study describes a novel mechanism by which up-regulated Tim-3 expression induced the depletion and dysfunction of NKT cells in COVID-19 patients. These findings not only have possible implications for the prediction of severity and prognosis in COVID-19 but also provide a link between NKT cells and future new therapeutic strategies in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Recently, membership functions based image descriptors were introduced as competing alternative to the classical histograms based image descriptors. The design of a suitable mathematical criterion for matching image descriptors to detect the correspondences between the images remains as one of the basic problems of image matching and computer vision . This study derives analytically a fuzzy theoretic model of local image features to facilitate a mathematical analysis of the correspondences between descriptors of multiple images. The analytical model of the local image features defines a membership function on the descriptors as a finite mixture of the descriptor’s memberships to different descriptor-prototypes. The so-defined membership function involves parameter vectors with a special structure such that all elements of the vector are non-negatives and sum to unity. These parameter vectors are considered as uncertain and are modeled by Dirichlet type membership functions. The membership functions are determined analytically by solving a deterministic constrained optimization problem using variational optimization. The membership functions based analysis leads to significantly more accurate and reliable multi-image matching algorithm that can be applied under different scenarios including that of Collage creation and fully automated image clustering.

In this work, a multilayer antibacterial and antifungal superhydrophilic film was prepared on the 316L stainless steel surface by mussel-inspired depositions of polydopamine (PDA) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) followed by modification with methoxy-polyethylene-glycol thiol (mPEG-SH, MW5000). The results of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the critical hierarchical micro/nanostructures were mainly constructed by the combination of PDA and Ag NPs. After modified with mPEG-SH, the resulting surface showed excellent superhydrophilicity with a water contact angle of 0°. Further, the as-prepared superhydrophilic surfaces exhibited enhanced and more durable antibacterial performances against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus under immersed environments. More importantly, the superhydrophilic surfaces also showed excellent antifungal activities against the fungi Penicillium F2-1 under atmospheric environments. The enhanced antimicrobial properties were resulted from the synergistic effects of anti-adhesion property of absorbed water layers, bactericidal property of Ag NPs and stereo hindrance effect of mPEG-SH molecular chains.

In order to explore the data fusion algorithm in medical Internet of things, the monitoring of medical data in the Internet of things is discussed and studied focusing on data fusion and related routing technology. According to the particularity of the data in the medical Internet of things, a data fusion cluster-tree construction algorithm based on event-driven (DFCTA) is proposed. The fusion delay problem in the network is analyzed, and the minimum fusion delay method is proposed by calculation of the fusion waiting time of the nodes. Finally, the intelligent health management data fusion system in the medical Internet of things is designed. Aiming at the characteristics of multilevel integration of multisource heterogeneous data fusion for intelligent health management, the data fusion architecture of fusion tree composed of fusion nodes is proposed. The experiment shows that the DFCTA algorithm has good fusion performance. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that the algorithm is a fast and reliable method, which has important practical significance.

This study considers the problem of fuzzy modeling of the images in pixel domain. A zero-order Takagi–Sugeno type fuzzy model provides fuzzy smoothing to the image intensities for removing the additive noise from an image. An adaptive fuzzy filtering algorithm is suggested for estimating the parameters of the fuzzy model with noisy image data. The mathematical analysis of the proposed filtering algorithm has been provided in both deterministic and stochastic framework. The deterministic robustness of the filtering algorithm was shown by deriving an upper bound on the magnitude of estimation errors. The fuzzy filtering algorithm doesn’t demand Gaussian assumption of the noise and is also optimal in the “sense” of variation Bayes towards Student-t distributed noises.

Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage seriously endangers the health of the elderly. However, the relationship between obesity and arterial elasticity in hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage remains to be clarified. The purpose of our study is to explore the associations between body mass index (BMI) and central arterial reflected wave augmentation index (cAIx), toe-brachial index (TBI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and ankle-brachial index (ABI) in the elderly hypertensive patients with hemorrhagic stroke.A total of 502 elderly hypertensive patients with hemorrhagic stroke and 100 healthy controls were collected. According to the BMI, patients were divided into normal BMI, overweight, obesity, and obese groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to establish a risk model for elderly hypertensive hemorrhagic stroke.Compared with the normal BMI group, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), cAIx, and baPWV in the abnormal BMI group were significantly increased (P 0.05), while TBI and ABI were significantly decreased (P 0.05). Logistic regression showed that BMI (OR = 1.031, 95%CI: 1.009-1.262), cAIx (OR = 1.214, 95%CI: 1.105-1.964), TBI (OR = 0.913, 95%CI: 0.885-0.967), baPWV (OR = 1.344, 95%CI: 1.142-2.147), and ABI (OR = 0.896, 95%CI: 0.811-0.989) are important factors for the occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke in the elderly hypertensive patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of cAIx, TBI, baPWV, ABI, and BMI were 0.914, 0.797, 0.934, 0.833, and 0.608, respectively. The final prediction model of hemorrhagic stroke elderly hypertensive patients was YObesity is associated with decreased arterial elasticity. Therefore, reasonable weight management of the elderly may be of great significance for reducing the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with hypertension.

Bacterial infections, as one of the main reasons for failure of metallic implants, can increase morbidity and mortality. In this study, polydopamine/graphene oxide- d -leucine (PDA/GO-Leu) films that possess pH-responsive antibacterial and anti-adhesion properties were synthesized by the soaking method. Due to the unique features of ampholyte, d -leucine has the same type of charge as the immobilized GO surface when the pH value of the environment is identical to that of the humoral environment. It contributes to the d -leucine release from the GO surface and exerts antibacterial and anti-adhesion effects of such films. The synergistic actions between d -leucine and GO of such films were analyzed by the table colony counting method and dead/live fluorescence. The results indicated that the released d -leucine is the key point within this multilayer system. The PDA/GO-Leu films exhibited both outstanding antibacterial and anti-adhesion properties for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively when pH of the culture medium was 7.4. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of the PDA/GO-Leu films was evaluated by CCK-8 and dead/live fluorescence, and the results demonstrated that such films have good biocompatibility.

The numerical algorithms typically used for determining the fuzzy membership functions are iterative, might face convergence issues, and lack in the mathematical theory. This study suggests an analytical approach to the determination of fuzzy membership functions via variational optimization. The uncertain parameters of a membership function are modeled by variational-membership-functions. The optimal expressions for variational-membership-functions are derived via maximizing analytically the log-membership of the data samples. The uncertain parameters are then averaged to obtain the optimal membership function. Several different scenarios of the uncertain variables are built up and the membership function is designed in each scenario analytically. Experiments have been made to demonstrate the consistently better performance of the proposed methodology than the typical numerical algorithms used for designing fuzzy systems. The application potential of the methodology is demonstrated by studying the problem of image matching and imaging based personal identification. This study and more studies in this direction will pave the way for the fuzzy researchers to reduce their dependance on numerical algorithms by designing the fuzzy systems in a more analytical manner.

The assessment of the physiological state of an individual requires an objective evaluation of biological data while taking into account both measurement noise and uncertainties arising from individual factors. We suggest to represent multi-dimensional medical data by means of an optimal fuzzy membership function. A carefully designed data model is introduced in a completely deterministic framework where uncertain variables are characterized by fuzzy membership functions. The study derives the analytical expressions of fuzzy membership functions on variables of the multivariate data model by maximizing the over-uncertainties-averaged-log-membership values of data samples around an initial guess. The analytical solution lends itself to a practical modeling algorithm facilitating the data classification. The experiments performed on the heartbeat interval data of 20 subjects verified that the proposed method is competing alternative to typically used pattern recognition and machine learning algorithms.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic in the world and posed a great threat to people's health. Several meta-analyses have indicated that many comorbidities were associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity or mortality. The original report also showed that the mortality rate of COVID-19 in breast cancer patients is more dependent on comorbidities than previous radiation therapy or current anti-cancer therapy. However, no meta-analysis has focused on this aspect. This systematic review aims to assess whether breast cancer will increase the severity and mortality of patients infected with COVID-19 and to explore which factors that may affect the severity or mortality rate of breast cancer patients with COVID-19. Methods We will search the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and Wanfang database from December 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. Cohort studies comparing the disease severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients with and without breast cancer will be included. Two independent reviewers will assess the risk of bias of the included cohort studies using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We will conduct meta-analyses to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using the random-effects model with the Mantel-Haenszel method. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to rate the quality of the evidence. Results The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion This study will provide comprehensive evidence for medical staff to adopt effective treatment strategies for breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospero registration number CRD42020188208.

e16098 Background: Human serum proteome and metabolome profiles have been analyzed to explore the molecular changes that occur with aging. We hypothesized that deep phenomic profiling of longitudinal sera would allow the identification of distinct phenomic chronologic patterns as a normal biological clock baseline to study personal aging. We further hypothesized that molecular assessment of this chronologic deviation, due to advance adenoma and early CRC, from the normal reference ageotypes would be instrumental as potential early diagnostics and reveal underlying pathophysiology. Methods: A cohort of 7673 normal, 746 advanced adenoma, 1177 stage I, 103 stage II and 119 stage III blood samples were assembled. Innovative multi-omics approaches, with global and targeted LCMS data production (metabolomics, lipidomics, and 2D proteomics), were applied to deep profile these subjects. Identification of the age-associated molecular patterns in normal subjects, modeled with an elastic net algorithm, established the reference baseline to mirror a biological clock. CRC associated deviation from this chronologically paced multi-omics clock was quantified to screen for early CRCs and explore the underlying pathophysiology. Results: Multiple mProbe aging indices of proteins and metabolites were identified, strongly predicting chronologic age ( P < 0.001, R > 0.90). Significant disruptions from normal molecular patterns were observed in advanced adenoma and early CRCs patients (R < 0.7). Pathway analysis of the proteins/metabolites with deviating patterns revealed both known and new pathways underlying CRC. Unsupervised cluster analysis identified unique aging subgroups among advanced adenoma and different stage CRC patients, indicating unique underlying biology relating to aging with different severities of cancer burdens. Conclusions: Deviations from the meticulously timed phenomic aging patterns may provide utility to allow future early CRC screening. Close examination of the underlying pathophysiology associated with early CRC, relating to ageotypes, not only may improve the sensitivity and specificity of prognostic and diagnostic tests of early CRCs, but also shed new insights into CRC therapeutics.

Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides named cuneataside E (1) and cuneataside F (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don, whose structures were E and Z isomer, respectively. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). In in vitro bioassays at 10 μmol/L, compound 1 showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced toxicity in HeG2 cells., Graphical abstract Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, cuneataside E (1) and cuneataside F (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lespedeza cuneate (Dum. Cours.) G. Don, as E and Z isomer, respectively. At the concentration of 10 μmol/L, compound 1 showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells.

In this paper, a novel InGaAs metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) radio frequency (RF) switch device is demonstrated. The MOSFET RF switch device with 0.3 µm gate length and 10 nm Al 2 O 3 as gate dielectric shows insertion loss of 0.3 dB and isolation of more than 50 dB. A maximum drain current of 250 mA/mm, a peak transconductance of 370 mS/mm, a turn-on resistance of 2.4 O·mm and a drain current on-off (I on /I off ) ratio of over 1×106 are obtained. The small signal models of this MOSFET switch device are also described. Excellent agreement between measured and simulated demonstrates the validity of this model.

Rupatadine (RUP) is an oral antihistamine and platelet-activating factor antagonist and is shown as the substrate of CYP3A5 and P-gp. The significant interindividual differences of CYP3A5 and P-gp often cause bioavailability differences of some clinical drugs. The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A5 and MDR1 on RUP pharmacokinetics in healthy male Chinese volunteer subjects. Blood samples were collected from 36 subjects before and after a single, oral RUP 10 mg dose. A PCR–RFLP assay was used to genotype CYP3A5*3 and assess MDR1 C3435T variation. A validated LC–MS/MS method quantified plasma RUP concentration. The relationship between RUP plasma concentration, pharmacokinetic parameters, and polymorphic alleles (CYP3A5 and MDR1) were assessed. Plasma RUP concentrations were lower for CYP3A5*1/*1 carriers than for CYP3A5*3/*3 and CYP3A5*1/*3 carriers. Mean C max, AUC(0–t) and AUC(0–∞) were significantly lower, and the CLz and Vd were significantly higher in the CYP3A5 wild-type group, than in the CYP3A5 mutated group. MDR1 CT and MDR1 TT carriers had lower plasma RUP concentrations than MDR1 CC carriers. The mean C max, AUC0–t, AUC0–∞ and T max were significantly lower in the TT group than in the CC and CT groups. The mean CLz was higher in the TT group than in the CC and CT groups, but not significantly. These results suggest that CYP3A5 and MDR1 may play a key role in the variability of RUP metabolism and transport, respectively. CYP3A5 and MDR1 polymorphisms may be the main explanation for the differences observed in RUP pharmacokinetics, and therefore may provide a rationale for safe and effective clinical use of RUP. Our research lays down a solid theory foundation to guide the safe and effective clinical use of RUP and a route to achieve individualized therapy.

In order to study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii and provide references for the bio-active study, we isolated nine compounds from the dried leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Their structures were determined by application of spectroscopic (NMR, MS) and chemical methods. These compounds were isolated and identified as (+)-lyoniresinol (1), (+)-isolariciresinol (2), burselignan (3), dibutyl phthalate (4), cyclo-(S-Pro-R-Phe) (5), cyclo-(S-Pro-R-Leu) (6), cyclo-(S-Pro-S-Ile) (7), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (8) and daucosterol (9). Compounds 1-3, 5-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

In order to study the chemical constituents of the plant of Hydrangea paniculata and provide reference for the study of the bioactive substances, we isolated nine compounds from the dried branches of H. paniculata. Their structures were determined by application of spectroscopic (NMR, MS) and chemical methods. These compounds were identified as skimmin (1), isotachioside (2), 8-methoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy coumarin glycoside (3), scopolin (4), 1-(alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1 --6) -O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy) - 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzene (5), apiosylskimmin (6), umbelliferone (7), scopoletin (8), 7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin (9). Compounds 1 - 7 were isolated from H. paniculata for the first time.

In order to study the chemical constituents of the plant of Hydrangea paniculata and provide reference for the study of the bioactive substances, we isolated nine compounds from the dried branches of H. paniculata. Their structures were determined by application of spectroscopic (NMR, MS) and chemical methods. These compounds were identified as skimmin (1), isotachioside (2), 8-methoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy coumarin glycoside (3), scopolin (4), 1-(alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1 --> 6) -O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy) - 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzene (5), apiosylskimmin (6), umbelliferone (7), scopoletin (8), 7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin (9). Compounds 1 - 7 were isolated from H. paniculata for the first time.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of the leaf of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels. Method The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by their physicochemical properties and the analysis of their spectroscopic data. Result Seven compounds were isolated and identified as corchoionoside C (1), 1'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (2R,3S)-3-hydroxynodakenetin (2), quercetin-3-O-robinobioside (3), rutin (4), quercetin-3-O-scillabioside (5), keampferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2) [alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), mauritianin (7). Conclusion Compounds 1-7 were isolated from the genus Clausena for the first time.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of the plant of Sarcandra glabra and provide reference for the study of the bioactive substances. Method The compounds were isolated from the EtOH extract by various chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by their physico-chemical properties and the analysis of their spectral data. Result Nine compounds were isolated and identified as isoscopletin (1), syringaresinol monoside (2), styraxjaponoside B (3), 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (4), shizukanolide E (5), isoastilbin (6), neoisoastilbin (7), astilbin (8), neoastilbin (9). Conclusion Compounds 1-7 were isolated from S. glabra for the first time.

To study the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Viola yedoensis.The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by their physicochemical properties and the analysis of their spectral data.Seven compounds were isolated and identified as esculetin (1), isoscopoletin (2), 6-hydroxymethyl-3-pyridinol (3),5,5-bi (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) (4), 6,6,7,7-tetrahydroxy-5,8-bicoumarin (5), loliolide (6), dehydrololiolide (7).Compounds 2-7 were isolated from V. yedoensis for the first time.

In most cases, fabrics such as curtains, skirts, suit pants and so on are draped under their own gravity parallel to fabric plane while the gravity is perpendicular to fabric plane in traditional drape testing method. As a result, it does not conform to actual situation and the test data is not convincing enough. To overcome this problem, this paper presents a novel method which simulates the real mechanical conditions and ensures the gravity is parallel to the fabric plane. This method applied a low-cost Kinect Sensor device to capture the 3-dimensional (3D) drape profile, thus we obtained the drape degree parameters and aesthetic parameters by 3D reconstruction and image processing and analysis techniques. The experiment was conducted on our self-devised drape-testing instrument by choosing different kinds of weave structure fabrics as our testing samples and the results were compared with those of traditional method and subjective evaluation. Through regression and correlation analysis we found that this novel testing method was significantly correlated with the traditional and subjective evaluation method. We achieved a new, non-contact 3D measurement method for drape testing, namely unidirectional fabric drape testing method. This method is more suitable for evaluating drape behavior because it is more in line with actual mechanical conditions of draped fabrics and has a well consistency with the requirements of visual and aesthetic style of fabrics.

An oligosaccharide polyester, 1- O -( E )- p -coumaroyl-(3- O -benzoyl)-β- d -fructofuranosyl-(2 → 1)-[6- O -( E )-feruloyl-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-[6- O -acetyl-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-(4- O -acetyl)-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-4- O -[4- O -α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-( E )- p -coumaroyl]-α- d -glucopyranoside (polygalajaponicose I), and four triterpenoid saponins, 3β, 23, 27-trihydroxy-29- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β- d -glucopyranosyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (polygalasaponin XLVII), 3- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28- O -α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β- d -fucopyranosyl ester (polygalasaponin XLVIII), 3- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28- O -β- d -galactopyranosyl-(1 → 5)-β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1 → 4)-β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β- d -glucopyranosyl ester (polygalasaponin XLIX) and 2β, 27-dihydroxy-3- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl 11-oxo-olean-12-en-23, 28-dioic acid 28- O -β- d -galactopyranosyl-(1 → 5)-β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1 → 4)-β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β- d -fucopyranosyl ester (polygalasaponin L), in addition to five known compounds have been isolated from the roots of Polygala japonica .