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Since the 1930s, the study of Nie Er and the national anthem has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. The academic circles at home and abroad focus on Nie Er's data collection, music works and life. The creation, dissemination and identification of the national anthem; The story of Nie Er and the national anthem has been studied and relatively fruitful results have been achieved. However, previous studies mostly focused on the text writing of Nie Er and the national anthem, and few scholars took the oral history of Nie Er and the national anthem as a topic to study. Based on the perspective of oral history, this paper looks into the vision, methods and content of the oral history of Nie Er and the national anthem.

In vivo, in vitro, and epidemiological evidence suggests that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may alter thyroid function in human health, with negative effects on maternal and fetal development outcomes. However, data on the effects of PFAS on thyroid hormones remain controversial. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 13 eligible studies searched from Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science by July 10, 2022, to explore the relationship between maternal exposure to PFAS and thyroid health effects, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (TT3), thyroxin (TT4), free T3 (FT3), and free T4 (FT4). The estimated values (β) and the corresponding confidence intervals (95%CI) were extracted for analysis. The tests for heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias between studies were performed using Stata 15.0. The combined results showed a positive association between changes in TSH and exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), with no significant correlation observed between changes in other thyroid hormones and exposure to PFAS. This difference was attributed to sample size, region, sample type, body mass index (BMI), and gestational week. Our data recommend verifying the relationship between PFAS exposure and thyroid health effects in a large sample population cohort in future studies. In addition, health care should be taken into account in early and mid-pregnancy.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been growing at an increasing rate worldwide. Dietary therapy is probably the easiest and least expensive method to prevent and treat diabetes. Previous studies have reported that coarse grains have anti-diabetic effects. Although considerable efforts have been made on the anti-diabetic function of different grains, the mechanisms of coarse grains on type 2 diabetes have not been systematically compared and summarized so far. Intestinal flora, reported as the main 'organ' of action underlying coarse grains, is an important factor in the alleviation of type 2 diabetes by coarse grains. Furthermore, microRNA (miRNA), as a new disease marker and 'dark nutrient', plays a likely influential role in cross-border communication among coarse grains, intestinal flora, and hosts. Given this context, this article reviews several possible mechanisms for the role of coarse grains on diabetes, incorporating resistance to inflammation and oxidative stress, repair of insulin signaling and β-cell dysfunction, and highlights the regulation of intestinal flora disorders and miRNAs expression, along with some novel insights. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Newer technologies allow for daily treatment adaptation, providing the ability to account for setup variations and organ motion but comes at the cost of increasing the treatment workflow complexity. One such technology is the adapt-to-position (ATP) workflow on the Unity MR-Linac. Prospective risk assessment of a new workflow allows clinics to catch errors before they occur, especially for processes that include novel and unfamiliar steps.As part of a quality management program, failure modes and effects analysis was performed on the ATP treatment workflow following the recommendations of AAPM's Task Group 100. A multidisciplinary team was formed to identify and evaluate failure modes for all the steps taken during a daily treatment workflow. Failure modes of high severity and overall score were isolated and addressed.Mitigations were determined for high-ranking failure modes and implemented into the clinic. High-ranking failure modes existed in all steps of the workflow. Failure modes were then rescored to evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigations.Failure modes and effects analysis on the Unity MR-Linac highlighted areas in the ATP workflow that could be prone to failures and allowed our clinic to change the process to be more robust.

The effects of aerosol-radiation interactions (ARI) are not only important for regional and global climate, but they can also drive particulate matter (PM) pollution. In this study, the ARI contribution to the near-surface fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations in the Guanzhong Basin (GZB) is evaluated under four unfavorable synoptic patterns, including “north-low”, “transition”, “southeast-trough”, and “inland-high”, based on WRF-Chem model simulations of a persistent heavy PM pollution episode in January 2019. Simulations show that ARI consistently decreases both solar radiation reaching down to the surface (SWDOWN) and surface temperature (TSFC), which then reduces wind speed, induces sinking motion, and influences cloud formation in the GZB. However, large differences under the four synoptic patterns still exist. The average reductions of SWDOWN and daytime TSFC in the GZB range from 15.2% and 1.04°C in the case of the “transition” pattern to 26.7% and 1.69°C in the case of the “north-low” pattern, respectively. Furthermore, ARI suppresses the development of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), with the decrease of PBL height (PBLH) varying from 18.7% in the case of the “transition” pattern to 32.0% in the case of the “north-low” pattern. The increase of daytime near-surface PM2.5 in the GZB due to ARI is 12.0%, 8.1%, 9.5%, and 9.7% under the four synoptic patterns, respectively. Ensemble analyses also reveal that when near-surface PM2.5 concentrations are low, ARI tends to lower PM2.5 concentrations with decreased PBLH, which is caused by enhanced divergence or a transition from divergence to convergence in an area. ARI contributes 15%–25% toward the near-surface PM2.5 concentrations during the severe PM pollution period under the four synoptic patterns.

Graphical abstract, Mitochondria, as the energy factory of cells, participate in metabolism processes and play a critical role in the maintenance of human life activities. Mitochondria belong to semi-automatic organelles, which have their own genome different from nuclear genome. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations can cause a series of diseases and threaten human health. However, an effective approach to edit mitochondrial DNA, though long-desired, is lacking. In recent years, gene editing technologies, represented by restriction endonucleases (RE) technology, zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology, CRISPR system and pAgo-based system have been comprehensively explored, but the application of these technologies in mitochondrial gene editing is still to be explored and optimized. The present study highlights the progress and limitations of current mitochondrial gene editing technologies and approaches, and provides insights for development of novel strategies for future attempts.

Objectives: Early fetal demise (absence of cardiac activity in a visible fetus) is a very common event, but there are no reliable biomarkers to predict it. The purpose of the study was to assess the association of platelet parameters with early fetal demise. Methods: In this case-control study, we included women with normal deliveries or those ultrasound diagnosed as early fetal demise. For those who were identified with early fetal demise, the platelet parameters were analyzed before the ultrasound diagnosis, which is based on the absence of either an embryo within a gestational sac or cardiac activity in a visible embryo in the 5-10 weeks of gestation. The association between the risk of early fetal demise with the women's mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet counts was calculated by logistic regression. Duplicate measurements of platelet aggregation were performed with VerifyNow. Results: In total, 99 women identified with early fetal demise and 170 women who had an uncomplicated pregnancy with normal delivery from January 2017 and August 2020 were included in the study. We found that platelet counts in the early fetal demise group were significantly higher than healthy pregnancies. In addition, platelet reactivity is higher in the normal delivery group than those in early fetal demise group (p < .05). High levels of platelet counts resulted in an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.075 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.215–3.544; p = .008) for early fetal demise. Conclusions: Increased platelet counts in the first trimester may be a predictor for the risk of early fetal demise.

With the rapid development of mobile phones, more and more high‐resolution photos are taken. The demand for high‐resolution image inpainting is becoming increasingly urgent. In order to repair high‐resolution face images automatically and quickly, this paper proposes an improved generative adversarial networks method. Firstly, we made a high‐resolution dataset for training and testing, and abandoned the traditional 256×256 size data. Secondly, since the existing methods can only repair the mask with fixed size and shape on the image, when the global average pooling layer is used in the network, the improved network can repair the moles and acne with arbitrary sizes and shapes on the human face photos. Finally, in order to achieve optimal performance of the network, a mixed loss function is used in training. The experimental results prove that our method has not only achieved good results in qualitative results, but also achieved excellent results in quantitative results.

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been good candidates for electrode materials in supercapacitors (SPCs). It is desirable but still challenging to explore CNFs with both multiscale porous structures and high heteroatom doping. Herein, hierarchically porous CNFs (HPCNFs) are prepared with the use of poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (P(AN-co-AA)) and terephthalic acid (PTA). The degradation of the AA segments induces vacancy-type defects, which result in the formation of micropores inside the CNFs. In addition, the defects promote increased redox activity by increasing the N-P content. Moreover, PTA sublimation creates mesopores inside the HPCNFs, which can largely reduce ion transport resistance in the HPCNFs. The specific capacitance and area normalized capacitance (CA) of HPCNFs can reach as high as 327 F g−1 and 80.5 μF cm−2, respectively. Additionally, high capacitance retention and excellent cycling stability can be achieved. The HPCNFs with vacancy-type defects are promising for developing high-performance electrode materials for SPCs.

Background Excessive and insufficient application of N fertilizer can inhibit plant growth, reduce N-use efficiency (NUE) and lead to production reduction. Watermelon is an important crop that often restricted by inappropriate N supply. The study aims to test whether grafting with bottle gourd rootstock can improve NUE and growth performance of watermelon under low N and to clarify the underlying physiological mechanism. Methods Grafted (self-grafted and rootstock-grafted watermelon) and ungrafted (watermelon and bottle gourd) seedlings were tested respectively, and treated with 9 mM (normal condition) and 4 mM (low N condition) NO3--N concentrations for 18 days under hydroponic conditions.Results The growth and NUE of bottle gourd rootstock-grafted watermelon seedlings increased under low-nitrate, while decreased slightly in self-grafted seedlings compared with control. Rootstock-grafted plants had higher root morphological characteristics, NO3- uptake, photosynthesis, and NUE traits than self-grafted plants under low-nitrate. The expression of nitrate transporter genes NRT1.5 and NRT2.1, and N metabolizing enzyme genes NR, NiR, GS1 and GS2 of rootstock-grafted plants were significantly up-regulated at low-nitrate treatment, which may lead to increased NO3- uptake and metabolism.Conclusion The bottle gourd rootstock grafting can improve the growth and NUE of watermelon seedlings under low-nitrate treatment. The improved plant performance is attributed to the vigorous root systems and higher NO3- uptake of rootstock roots, and the enhanced N metabolism and photosynthetic capacity of scion leaves. Grafting with the bottle gourd rootstock may be beneficial to the efficient production of watermelon and economic application of N fertilizer.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of EBT-XD film for SRS/SBRT commissioning in a 1.5T hybrid MR-Linac (MRL).The output factors (SThe film SFilms can provide accurate dosimetric results under ERE and are valuable for commissioning MRL. Using the One-scan-dosimetry protocol with EBT-XD film for MRL increases accuracy and efficiency in commissioning and QA of SRS/SBRT.

Tubular fullerenes can be considered as end-capped carbon nanotubes with accurate structure, which are promising nanocarbon materials for advanced single-molecule electronic devices. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a metallofullertube Ce

It is vital to construct luminescent single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and explore their applications in quantum computing technique and magneto-luminescence devices. In this work, we report a luminescent single-molecule magnet with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based on metallofullerene DyY2N@C80. DyY2N@C80 was constructed by integrating dysprosium and yttrium ions into a fullerene cage. Magnetic results suggest that DyY2N@C80 exhibits magnetic hysteresis loops below 8 K originating from the Dy3+ ion. Moreover, DyY2N@C80 exhibits TADF originating from the Y3+-coordinated carbon cage, whose luminescence peak positions and peak intensities can be obviously influenced by Dy3+. Furthermore, a supramolecular complex of DyY2N@C80 and [12]Cycloparaphenylene ([12]CPP) was then prepared to construct a single-molecule magnet with multiwavelength luminescence. The effects of host-guest interaction on photoluminescence properties of DyY2N@C80 were disclosed. Theoretical calculations were also employed to illustrate the structures of DyY2N@C80 and DyY2N@C80⊂[12]CPP.

Patients with AMI and hyperglycemia upon hospital admission exhibited poorer prognosis compared with those without hyperglycemia. It is unknown whether SGLT2 inhibitors can also improve nondiabetic myocardial infarction (MI) with acute hyperglycemia and the underlying mechanisms. Here we demonstrated that hyperglycemia patients were more likely to have worse cardiac function levels, such as with Killip III/IV during hospitalization. Glucose injection-induced nondiabetic MI accompanied by acute hyperglycemia in WT mice, manifested lower survival compared with control. A significant increase in both survival and LV function was observed when treated with empagliflozin (EMPA). In addition, EMPA attenuated fibrosis and autophagy of border cardiac tissue in mice with MI accompanied by acute hyperglycemia. Applying Beclin1

Background Student midwives often encounter perinatal loss including stillbirth and neonatal death as part of their clinical training. There has been limited research on how student midwives cope with perinatal death. Objective To explore the experiences of undergraduate midwifery students facing perinatal death during their internships. Design Qualitative research design based on interpretive phenomenological approach and COREQ-guided reporting. Setting Tertiary maternal and child care center or general hospital. Participants Undergraduate midwifery students from a medical university in Guangzhou, China. Methods Study participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted between October 2020 and March 2021 with 12 midwifery students. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using Diekelmann's interpretive method. Results Four themes were identified from the data: unavoidable anxiety and avoidance response; overwhelming fear and taboos related to death; self-blame and emotional inhibition; and ethical conflict and reflection on practice. Conclusions Undergraduate midwifery students believed they were ill-prepared to care for women who experienced perinatal loss, consciously endured their own negative emotions such as anxiety and fear, and hoped for improved bereavement and stillbirth care in future clinical practice. Students valued support from the bereavement midwife and identified effective strategies that would help them cope with their feelings. It is recommended that adequate education and emotional support be provided to midwifery students, who should be encouraged to provide appropriate care to grieving families.

This study was to explore the relationship between self-concept clarity, social support, and psychological resilience in Chinese enterostomy patients.A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from October 2019 to April 2020 among enterostomy patients visiting the stoma clinic and inpatients with an enterostomy in general surgery of three tertiary grade A hospitals in Guangzhou, China. Patients (n=201) were required to complete paper questionnaires, including sociodemographic information, the 10-Item Resilience Scale Specific to Cancer, Self-concept Clarity Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale. Multiple linear regression analyses and structural equation modeling were conducted to explore the effect of self-concept clarity and social support on psychological resilience.Psychological resilience was at a median level among enterostomy patients, with a mean score of 38.21 (SD, 7.24). Education level (β = 1.032, P = .004), own acceptance of stoma (β = 2.445, P .001), social support (β = 206, P = .001) and self-concept clarity (β = 0.285, P .001) were factors related to psychological resilience, explaining 33.1% of the variance of psychological resilience. It was also shown that self-concept clarity exerted its direct positive effect on social support (β = 0.098, SE = 0.025, BC 95%CI = 0.047/0.143), and it also had an indirect positive effect on psychological resilience through mediating social support (β = 0.193, SE = 0.033, BC 95%CI = 0.121/0.245).This study suggests that self-concept clarity has an indirect positive effect on psychological resilience by influencing social support in enterostomy patients. Medical staff should strive to improve the self-concept clarity as a new means to enhance patients' psychological resilience, especially focusing on patients' social support, education level and own acceptance of enterostomy.

Although some groundbreaking work has proved the feasibility of non-contact Marangoni propulsion generated by combination of the superhydrophobicity and photothermal effect, there are still challenges including the strong interfacial adhesion, multifunctional structural design and superior durability. In this paper, a simple two-step spraying method is used to prepare superhydrophobic and multi-functional fluorinated acidified carbon nanotubes (F-ACNTs)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings. The introduction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and F-ACNTs not merely improve the surface roughness but also endow the coating with the outstanding magnetic property and photothermal conversion performance. The PDMS can reduce the surface energy and also improve the interfacial adhesion between the nanofillers and the substrate (the filter paper). The superhydrophobicity can be maintained when the material experiences abrasion, near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation and acid treatment, exhibiting outstanding durability. The highly stable superhydrophobic coating introduces a thin layer of air to decrease the drag force between the filter paper and the water surface, and can be used for controlled self-propelled light-driven motion and magnetic-driven motion. The movement can be manipulated by adjusting the direction of the incident NIR light and magnetic field. In particular, the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic coating based actuators can be easily driven to the oil-contaminated area on the water surface by using a magnet for high efficiency oil removal. This work provides a simple and universal strategy for developing intelligent and multi-responsive actuators possessing promising applications in various fields such as environmental protection, micro-robots and biomedicine.

In recent years, applying deep learning to computer vision is a very popular research direction, and a number of models with amazing effects have appeared. Deep learning-based approaches for end-to-end image inpainting have shown promise results. Recent research has made great progress in repairing rectangular and free-form areas but there are still many problems and room for improvement. For example, artifacts, blur and color missing still exist among the completion results of the large-scale border area. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end GAN-based image inpainting method, which has a better effect on the large boundary area. Our model is a two-stage adversarial network. The first stage completes the corresponding edge image, and the second stage uses the edge image generated in the first stage as a prior to complete the color image. We added parallel residual blocks to the edge completion network, and for the image completion network we replace the original residual blocks with multi-scale dilated convolution fusion blocks. Besides, a content loss based on DenseNet is added to the second stage. Experiments on multiple publicly available datasets show that our results have better effects on larger edge areas and can increase the average PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and SSIM (Structural Similarity Index).

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of polydopamine nanoparticles (Pdop-NPs) as a subcutaneous antigen delivery vehicle in antitumor therapy. The nanoparticles were prepared by self-polymerization of dopamine in an aerobic and weak alkaline solution, and the tumor model antigen-ovalbumin (OVA) was grafted onto the nanoparticles to form OVA@Pdop nanoparticles (OVA@Pdop-NPs). The particle size of OVA@Pdop-NPs was 232.8 nm with a zeta potential of -23.4 mV, and the loading capacity of OVA protein was 754 μg mg-1. OVA@Pdop-NPs were essentially noncytotoxic and even demonstrated a slightly viability effect on bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). As compared to free OVA, OVA@Pdop-NPs exhibited higher cellular uptake and were easier to migrate to lymph nodes in vivo. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that OVA@Pdop-NPs promoted the maturation of DCs with up-regulated expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), costimulatory molecules, and cytokines. When used to treat the mice bearing OVA-MC38 colon tumor, OVA@Pdop-NPs could effectively activate OVA-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and induce the production of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and thus led to significantly suppressed tumor growth. All the preliminary data demonstrated the application potential of OVA@Pdop-NPs as a vaccine vector in cancer immunotherapy.

Background Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (XTHs) are a multigene family and play key roles in regulating cell wall extensibility in plant growth and development. Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea contain XTHs, but detailed identification and characterization of the XTH family in these species, and analysis of their tissue expression profiles, have not previously been carried out. Results In this study, 53 and 38 XTH genes were identified in B. rapa and B. oleracea respectively, which contained some novel members not observed in previous studies. All XTHs of B. rapa, B. oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana could be classified into three groups, Group I/II, III and the Early diverging group, based on phylogenetic relationships. Gene structures and motif patterns were similar within each group. All XTHs in this study contained two characteristic conserved domains (Glyco_hydro and XET_C). XTHs are located mainly in the cell wall but some are also located in the cytoplasm. Analyses of the mechanisms of gene family expansion revealed that whole-genome triplication (WGT) events and tandem duplication (TD) may have been the major mechanisms accounting for the expansion of the XTH gene family. Interestingly, TD genes all belonged to Group I/II, suggesting that TD was the main reason for the largest number of genes being in these groups. B. oleracea had lost more of the XTH genes, the conserved domain XET_C and the conserved active-site motif EXDXE compared with B. rapa, consistent with asymmetrical evolution between the two Brassica genomes. A majority of XTH genes exhibited different tissue-specific expression patterns based on RNA-seq data analyses. Moreover, there was differential expression of duplicated XTH genes in the two species, indicating that their functional differentiation occurred after B. rapa and B. oleracea diverged from a common ancestor. Conclusions We carried out the first systematic analysis of XTH gene families in B. rapa and B. oleracea. The results of this investigation can be used for reference in further studies on the functions of XTH genes and the evolution of this multigene family.

In order to improve the system efficiency and operational economy of hybrid energy storage (HES) tramway under cycle conditions, this paper presents an energy management method based on equivalent loss instantaneous optimization (ELIO) for lithium battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with dual DC/DC topology. The online convex programming method is used to solve the problem, and the optimal dynamic mixing degree at each moment of the system is obtained. This proposed method properly allocates the power flow between lithium battery and supercapacitor to minimum the system equivalent loss in the unit control period. According to the equivalent loss theory, the ELIO problem is converted to the optimal output power solution of the HESS. Under various operating conditions, the multi-index performance is tested and analyzed by a HESS test platform, which consists of lithium battery, supercapacitor, bidirectional DC/DC converter and energy management system. The experimental results show that compared with the power following strategy, this proposed ELIO method can effectively improve more than system efficiency, operational economy and driving mileage, and improved the service life of HESS by smoothing battery operating pressure.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanocapsules for cancer drug delivery were engineered from green tea polyphenol-metal networks. Briefly, DOX-doped ZIF-8 nanoparticles were synthesized via coprecipitation and coated with a layer of EGCG-Fe(iii) complexes by suspending in EGCG and ferric chloride aqueous solutions under mild conditions. The DOX-encapsulating EGCG/Fe nanocapsules (DOX@EGCG/Fe NCs) with a diameter of 399 nm were obtained after template removal. The as-prepared EGCG/Fe NCs can reduce ROS potential accompanied by their degradation. Moreover, DOX@EGCG/Fe NCs can be quickly internalized by cancer cells, and then the intracellular drug release was greatly accelerated in response to overproduced ROS of tumor. Owing to higher ROS levels inside tumor cells compared with normal cells, DOX@EGCG/Fe NCs cause selective cytotoxicity for tumor cells over normal cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of DOX@EGCG/Fe NCs was increased with the increasing incubation time with cancer cells, whereas the tendency of free DOX was reversed. Accordingly, DOX@EGCG/Fe NCs demonstrate good tumor growth inhibition (84.2%) with minor systemic toxicity, which would be a promising candidate for B16 melanoma therapy. Hopefully, our approach could be extended to many other delivery systems such as water soluble/insoluble drugs, gene and protein due to the diversity of polyphenol-metal networks and ZIF-8 templates.

Additional file 4. Structure-based sequence alignment of BraXTHs and PttXET16A. Sequences were aligned using ClustalX and generated by ESPript [70]. The secondary structure elements indicated above the alignment are those of PttXET16A, Populus tremula × tremuloides XET16A (AF515607), whose structure has been experimentally determined [45]. Blue frames indicate conserved residues, white letters in red boxes indicate strict identity, and red letters in white boxes indicate similarity. The predicted α-helices and β-strands are represented by spirals and horizontal arrows, respectively.

Additional file 5. Structure-based sequence alignment of BolXTHs and PttXET16A. Sequences were aligned using ClustalX and generated by ESPript [70]. The secondary structure elements indicated above the alignment are those of PttXET16A, Populus tremula × tremuloides XET16A (AF515607), whose structure has been experimentally determined [45]. Blue frames indicate conserved residues, white letters in red boxes indicate strict identity, and red letters in white boxes indicate similarity. The predicted α-helices and β-strands are represented by spirals and horizontal arrows, respectively.

Additional file 3. The ML resulting phylogeny in Nexus format.

Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer can inhibit plant growth, reduce the N-use efficiency (NUE), increase fertilizer waste, and leads to secondary salinization. Grafting provides a feasible method for improving N uptake and utilization of plants under abiotic stress, but the mechanism by which grafting regulates N uptake, assimilation, and metabolism under low-nitrate conditions is poorly known. To explore the mechanism of rootstock grafting promoting plant growth and N absorption and utilization, in this study, a commercial cucumber cultivar (‘Jinchun No. 4’, a relatively N-inefficient cultivar) was self-grafted and grafted onto two pumpkin rootstocks (‘Figleaf Gourd’, a relatively N-medium efficiency pumpkin cultivar, and ‘Ribenjingtiantaimu’, a relatively N-efficient pumpkin cultivar, respectively). The grafted plants were exposed to two levels of NO3−-N (7 and 4 mM) under substrate culture conditions. Root morphological traits; NH4+, NO3−, and total N contents; N-based enzymatic activities; and N metabolite contents of self-grafted plants (J/J) were all markedly inhibited by low-nitrate treatment, leading to lower N accumulation (NA), N-uptake efficiency (NUpE), N-utilizition efficiency (NUtE) and NUE than rootstock-grafted plants (J/F and J/R). In contrast, the inhibition caused by the low-nitrate treatment was effectively alleviated in J/R-grafted plants, as J/R-grafted plants had the largest root systems and the strongest potential for N absorption and metabolism. Variation in these parameters was determined by the rootstock genotype and contributed greatly to improvements in NUpE, NUtE and NUE. Overall, our findings demonstrate that grafting with N-efficient rootstock can permit plants to make better use of their roots and enhance N absorption and N metabolism potential, thereby promoting the growth and NUE of cucumber seedlings. Furthermore, our findings infer that grafting with N-efficient rootstock may permit high levels of productivity to be maintained under low N supplies during cucumber production.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To report on our early experience of treating patients with pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with ablative SBRT (50 Gy in 5 fractions) on the Elekta Unity MR-Linac. MATERIALS/METHODS Ten PDAC patients were treated with abdominal compression (AC) and daily online plan adaptation using Adapt-to-Shape (ATS) workflow. AC is the method of choice to reduce breathing motion since automatic breath-hold/gating or other motion management options are not yet available on Unity MR-Linac. Three tumors were located in the head of the pancreas and seven were in the body. Seven patients were considered inoperable per surgeon and six were node positive. Average GTV volume during simulation was 42.5 ± 24.8 cc. Three orthogonal plane cine MRI were acquired to assess AC belt pressure during MR simulation as well as during each treatment fraction to assess stability of AC in minimizing tumor motion. Three sets of 3D T2w MR scans, pre-treatment (MRIpre), verification (MRIver) and post-treatment (MRIpost) MRI, were acquired for online planning. To assess the dosimetric impact of intrafraction organ motion, a post-treatment quality assurance (QA) was performed before the next fraction by propagating pre-treatment plan and structures to both MRIver and MRIpost, editing the contours and recalculating dose. GTV coverage and selected organs-at-risk (OAR) dose constraints (e.g., < 33 Gy to 0.035 cc, < 25 Gy to 2 cc and < 25 Gy to 5cc volume) were evaluated on MRIver and MRIpost. RESULTS Median total treatment time was 75.5(49-132) minutes. Average contouring, planning, physics QA and beam-on time was 25.1 ± 11.9, 12.2 ± 6.0, 1.9 ± 1.5 and 14.1 ± 3.7 mins respectively. Average AP, LR and SI motion in FB and with compression was 0.3 ± 0.1, 0.6 ± 0.2 and 0.7 ± 0.2 and 0.2 ± 0.1, 0.2 ± 0.1, 0.4 ± 0.1 cm respectively, indicating that compression belt was effective in minimizing patient breathing motion. Average tumor motion in AC belt for all fractions was 0.2 ± 0.1, 0.2 ± 0.1 and 0.4 ± 0.2 cm in AP, LR and SI direction. Median GTV coverage was 78.7% of Rx dose for all fractions. Average GTV Dmax and GTV mean dose for all the fractions was 57.4 ± 0.7 and 51.2 ± 1.6 Gy respectively. Average 0.035 cc, D2cc and D5cc stomach dose was 34.4 ± 5.4, 26.7 ± 2.9 and 24.3 ± 2.1 Gy on MRIver and 35.3 ± 6.2, 27.0 ± 3.3 and 24.6 ± 2.5 Gy on MRIpost. Average 0.035 cc, D2cc and D5cc small bowel dose was 35.1 ± 6.3, 27.1 ± 3.6 and 24.4 ± 2.6 Gy on MRIver and 35.5 ± 6.5, 27.3 ± 3.9 and 24.6 ± 2.5 Gy on MRIpost. CONCLUSION MR-guided adaptive RT enables delivery of curative dose to pancreatic tumors by taking into account interfraction motion of gastrointestinal OARs in daily adaptive planning. To manage intrafraction motion in our current clinical workflow, the organ motion is assessed for first two fractions and conservative strategies (e.g., bigger PRV margins or change the directive to keep stomach 0.035 cc dose to < 30 Gy) are employed for later fractions. ATS workflow with AC and the post-treatment QA allow safe delivery of ablative radiation doses for selected cases of PDAC on Unity MR-Linac. AUTHOR DISCLOSURE N. Tyagi: Honoraria; Elekta. Travel Expenses; Elekta; ISMRM.J. Liang: None. S. Burleson: None. E. Subashi: None. P. Godoy Scripes: None. K.R. Tringale: None. P.B. Romesser: Travel Expenses; Elekta. M. Reyngold: None. C.H. Crane: Honoraria; Elekta. Travel Expenses; Elekta.

Adsorption of uranium (U) from real mine contaminated water (U 1.652 mg/L) by phosphate rock apatite (PRA) was investigated in the batch experiment and flow column test system. In batch experiment, the equilibrium adsorption amount is 0.1133 mg/g with the highest uranium removal efficiency of 76.89% under the ratio of solid to liquid (1:100) in 15 h. And the pH of wastewater became neutral (pH 7.51) from acidic (pH 3.88) after adsorption equilibrium. The saturated adsorption amount (0.2021 mg/g) in batch experiment is higher than the maximum accumulative adsorption amount (0.0684 mg/g) in column experiment. Langmuir model and pseudo-second order kinetic model are fitted well and, indicating that PRA is a favorable adsorbent with monolayer coverage and a chemisorption for uranium. Moreover, the surface morphology of the adsorbent by SEM confirmed the surface changes after uranium adsorption. XRD spectra showed that two new mineral phase of Metaankoleite [K(UO 2 )(PO 4 )·3H 2 O], Chernikovite [H 2 (UO 2 ) 2 (PO 4 ) 2 ·8H 2 O] have been generated on PRA after uranium adsorption, but which were trace for relatively low uranium concentration in tested polluted water. In addition, the FT-IR spectra results confirmed the uranium in contaminated water was adsorbed onto the PRA in the form of (O = U = O) 2+ with the participation of the PO 4 3– in binding of it.

A novel bone-targeted delivery systems based on nanocapsules was developed utilizing a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF-8) as a template and catechol-modified gelatin as wall material. A targeting ligand was facilely conjugated on the surface of nanocapsules. Simvastatin was encapsulated within the nanocapsules with a loading of 37.9%. Hydroxyapatite binding and in vivo biodistribution of the drug-loaded nanocapsules were investigated.

Summary The advent of base editors (BEs) holds great potential for correcting pathogenic-related point mutations to treat relevant diseases. However, Cas9 nickase (nCas9)-derived BEs lead to DNA double-strand breaks, which can trigger unwanted DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that the original version of catalytically dead Cas12a (dCas12a)-conjugated BEs induce a basal level of DNA breaks and minimally activate DDR proteins, including H2AX, ATM, ATR, and p53. By fusing dCas12a with engineered human apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A (APOBEC3A), we further develop the BEACON ( b ase e diting induced by human A POBEC3A and C as12a with o ut D N A break) system to achieve enhanced deamination efficiency and editing specificity. Efficient C-to-T editing is achieved by BEACON in mammalian cells at levels comparable to AncBE4max, with only low levels of DDR and minimal RNA off-target mutations. Importantly, BEACON induces in vivo base editing in mouse embryos, and targeted C-to-T conversions are detected in F0 mice.

Polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) were prepared via dopamine self-polymerization; then, tumor cell lysate (TCL) was covalently attached onto the PDA NPs. The TCL loading capacity was 480 μg per mg of PDA NPs, and the resulting TCL@PDA NPs (241.9 nm) had perfect storage stability and negligible cytotoxicity against APCs. Tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with TCL@PDA NPs experienced significant delay in tumor progression due to the sufficient amount of CTLs and M1-type TAM as well as the deficient number of immunosuppression-related cells in the tumor tissues. Furthermore, empty PDA NPs had the ability to modulate DC maturation and delayed the development of tumors by facilitating the production of activated T cells and decreasing the subpopulation of MDSCs within the tumor microenvironment. Overall, these PDA NPs are expected to be a promising candidate for application as antigen delivery carriers because of their facile antigen loading method as well as their simple and rapid preparation process.

A method for encapsulation of individual tumor cells with an epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-Al(iii) coordination layer, which can be used as potential tumor vaccines, was developed. The interaction between microparticle vaccines and dendritic cells was investigated in vitro. The microparticles (∼10 μm) were efficiently internalized by DCs with enhanced uptake efficiency via actin polymerization and clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

A polyhydroxy benzoylhydrazone-based low-molecular-weight organic gelator (IV1) containing a tetraphenylethene fluorophore was designed and synthesized. Gelator IV1 exhibits exceptional gelation ability in organic solvent comparing to other analogues. More importantly, the time-dependent increase of storage modulus G′ of the gel and fluorescent intensity of IV1 are almost synchronized, which indicates that the gelation process and fluorescence enhancement are extremely relevant. This provides a convenient method to visually monitor the gelation process of organic gelators by fluorescent detection. Furthermore, gelation mechanism is studied in detail. According to these results, we propose the intermolecular interactive mechanism to understand the gelation process of polyhydroxy benzoylhydrazone-based tetraphenylethene compounds.