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3. Camellia crispula var. multiplex (Hung T. Chang et Y.J. Tang) S.X. Yang, comb. nov. ≡ C. multiplex Hung T. Chang et Y.J. Tang in Hung T. Chang (1984: 7). ≡ C. crassicolumna var. multiplex (Hung T. Chang et Y.J. Tang) T.L. Ming (1992: 121). Type: — CHINA, Yunnan: Wenshan, 2210m, 20 October 1982, Y.J. Tang et al. A16003 (holotype: SYS00095168!; isotype: TEA!) Notes: — Ming (1992) treated C. multiplex as a variety of C. crassicolumna. We accept Ming’s treatment of the rank, but suggest to treat C. multiplex as the variety of C. crispula because they both have tomentose ovaries. Camellia crispula var. multiplex is different from the nominate variety by its glabrous young branches, pedicel and abaxial surface of sepals. Habitat:— Montane forests, 1080–2000m. Distribution:— Endemic to China (Southeast Yunnan and West Guizhou). Recently we found its new distribution in Guangxi (Yang et al. 2021). Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Yunnan: Wenshan, 2000m, 13 January 1933, H.T. Tsai 51511 (KUN); Laojunshan, 2000m, 25 August 1961, S.G. Wu 61-3723 (KUN); the same locality, 1900m, 24 April 1962, G.M Feng 22027 (KUN); the same locality, 1900m, 28 October 1979, L.S. Xie et M. Cai 0506 (KUN); the same locality, 1800m, 28 December 2004, S.X. Yang 1322 (KUN); the same locality, 1695m, 26 May 2014, S.X. Yang & D.W. Zhao 4837 (KUN). Guizhou: Panxian, Laochang, 31 August 1988, Z.Y. Zhang 88-6, 88-9 (KUN). Guangxi: Rongshui, Jiuwan Mount. National Nature Reserve, 1200m, 26 December 2012, S.X. Yang & W. Fang 4254, 4288 (KUN); the same locality, 1080m, 21 July 2014, X.Q. Yu 125 (KUN)., Published as part of Jiang, Yin-Zi, Yu, Xiang-Qin, Zhang, Tao, Peng, Hua & Yang, Shi-Xiong, 2023, Taxonomic notes on Camellia crassicolumna and its related species (Theaceae), pp. 109-114 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 113, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7889597, {"references":["Ming, T. L. (1992) A revision of Camellia sect. Thea. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 14 (2): 115 - 132.","Yang, S. X., Fang, W. & et Yu, X. Q. (2021) New record of Camellia sect. Thea in Guangxi - Camellia crassicolumna var. multiplex. Guangxi Forestry Science 50 (5): 493 - 495."]}

1. Camellia kwangsiensis var. kwangnanica (Hung T. Chang & B. H. Chen) T. L. Ming (1992: 118) ≡ C. kwangnanica Hung T. Chang et B. H. Chen in Hung T. Chang (1984: 4) Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Guangnan, 1790m, 27 October 1982, B.H. Chen et al. A20002 (holotype: SYS00095169! Fig. 1B; isotype: TEA!). = C. crassicolumna Hung T. Chang (1981a: 91), quoad type specimens, syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, Xichou, November 1943, C.P. Tsien 644 (holotype: PE00024303! Fig. 1A; isotypes: IBK00200083! 00200086!). Notes: — Camellia crassicolumna was published twice as new species with the same type by the same authors in the same year: in Acta Scientiarum naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni in February 1981 (Chang 1981a) and in ‘ A Taxonomy of the Genus Camellia’ in April 1981 (Chang 1981b). Obviously, the latter (Chang 1981b: 113) was a later isonym (Art. 6 Note 2 of the ICN). In the protologue (Chang 1981a), the collection C.P. Tsien 644 at PE was assigned as the type of C. crassicolumna. Only one sheet of this collection was deposited in PE with a barcode PE00024303 and can be taken as the holotype (Fig. 1A). Recently two more duplicates of C.P. Tsien 644 were found at IBK (IBK 00200083 and 00200086). Chang (1981a) indicated that C. crassicolumna was featured with 5-locular and tomentose ovary which is the key diagnostic character in specific delimitation in sect. Thea (Sealy 1958, Chang 1981a, b, 1984, Chang & Bartholomew 1984, Ming 1992, Chang & Ren 1998, Ming & Bartholomew 2007). However, all type specimens clearly show that the ovary of this species is glabrous (Fig. 2C), which is not consistent with the protologue. With the 5-locular glabrous ovary (Fig. 2C, D), the large capsule (5–8 cm in diam.) with thick pericarp (5–8 mm), the large flower (4–6 cm in diam.) with hairy sepals and petals (Fig. 2E, F), and the hairy terminal buds, young branches and leaf abaxial surface (Fig. 2A, B), it can be concluded that C. crassicolumna is conspecific with C. kwangnanica (Figs. 1, 2). Camellia kwangnanica was validly published as a new taxon in 1984 (Chang 1984), later than the publication of C. crassicolumna. Ming (1992) proposed that C. kwangnanica was different from C. kwangsiensis only by the abaxially hairy sepals and petals, so the former was treated as a variety of the latter, which is adopted and reinforced by us because C. kwangsiensis and C. kwangnanica were often found in the same population according to our observations during field surveys. Consequently, C. crassicolumna is treated as a new heterotypic synonym of C. kwangsiensis var. kwangnanica. Habitat:— Montane forests, 1050–1900m. Distribution:— Endemic to China (Southeast Yunnan and West Guangxi). Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Yunnan: Funing, Lida, 1347m, 22 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4806 (KUN); Muyang, 1604m, 22 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4808, 4809, 4810 (KUN). Guangnan, Heizhiguo, 1550m, 6 March 1940, C.W. Wang 87540 (KUN); the same locality, 1850m, 9 November 1964, Z.W. Lin 621 (KUN); the same locality, 1700m, 9 November 1964, Q.A. Wu 9818 (KUN); the same locality, 1580m, 9 October 1979, L.S. Xie et M. Cai 0448 (KUN); Zhetu, 6 November 1965, 65- Wenshan Exp. 214 (KUN, PE); the same locality, 1550m, 27 October 1982, B.H. Chen et S.C. Ma A20008 (paratype of C. kwangnanica)(SYS); the same locality, 1585m, 17 November 2012, S.X. Yang et W. Fang 3922, 3924, 3925, 3926, 3927, 3928 (KUN); the same locality, 1869m, 21 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4792, 4794, 4797 (KUN); the same locality, 17 August 2021, S.X. Yang et Y.Z. Jiang 6720, 6721, 6723, 6725, 6734, 6736, 6737, 6738 (KUN); Dixu, 1680m, 18 November 2012, S.X. Yang et W. Fang 3930 (KUN); the same locality, 1500m, 21 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4780, 4781, 4782, 4783, 4784 (KUN). Xichou, Fadou, 1550m, 22 December 2004, S.X. Yang 1295, 1296 (KUN). Guangxi: Tianlin, Langping, 1097m, 13 September 2013, Tianlin Exp. 451029130913006 (GXMI, GXMG); the same locality, 2 July 2016, S.X. Yang 5484, 5485 (KUN)., Published as part of Jiang, Yin-Zi, Yu, Xiang-Qin, Zhang, Tao, Peng, Hua & Yang, Shi-Xiong, 2023, Taxonomic notes on Camellia crassicolumna and its related species (Theaceae), pp. 109-114 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on pages 110-111, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7889597, {"references":["Ming, T. L. (1992) A revision of Camellia sect. Thea. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 14 (2): 115 - 132.","Chang, H. T. (1981 a) Thea - A section of beveragial tea-trees of the genus Camellia. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni 20 (1): 87 - 99.","Chang, H. T. (1981 b) A Taxonomy of the genus Camellia. The Editorial Staff of the Journal of Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, 180 pp.","Sealy, J. R. (1958) A revision of the genus Camellia. Royal Horticultural Society, London, 239 pp.","Chang, H. T. & Bartholomew, B. (1984) Camellias. Timber Press, Portland, 211 pp.","Chang, H. T. & Ren, S. X. (1998) Theaceae. In: Chang, H. T. (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinica 49 (3). Science Press, Beijing, 251 pp.","Ming, T. L. & Bartholomew, B. (2007) Theaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (eds.) Flora of China (Vol. 12). Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 366 - 478."]}

2. Camellia crispula Hung T. Chang (1981a: 93) Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Jinping, 2000m, 12 May 1956, SINO-USSR Yunnan Exp. 1344 (holotype: KUN0055527!; isotypes:PE00024305!, 00026331!, 00026337!, 00026338!, 00702766!). = Camellia atrothea Hung T. Chang et H.S. Wang in Hung T. Chang (1984: 5), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, Pingbian, 1900m, 7 November 1982, B.H. Chen et al. A21002 (lectotype, designated here: SYS00095178! Fig. 1C; isolectotypes: SYS00095179!, TEA!). = Camellia rotundata Hung T. Chang et F.L. Yu in Hung T. Chang (1984: 6), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, Honghe, 1850m, 5 November 1982, Y.J. Tang A24001 (holotype: SYS00095184!). = Camellia makuanica Hung T. Chang et Y.J. Tang in Hung T. Chang (1984: 6), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, Maguan, 1720m, 17 October 1982, Y.J. Tang et al. A17003 (holotype: SYS00090461!). = Camellia haaniensis Hung T. Chang et F.L. Yu in Hung T. Chang (1984: 7), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, Jinping, 2220m, B.H. Chen et al. A22005 (holotype: SYS00090460!; isotype: TEA!). = Camellia purpurea Hung T. Chang et B.H. Chen in Hung T. Chang (1984: 9), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, Pingbian, 1500m, 8 November 1982, B.H. Chen A21003 (holotype: SYS00095186!; isotype: TEA!). = C. crassicolumna var. shangbaensis F.C. Zhang (1997: 437), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, Zhenyuan, 2450m, 3 November 1996, F.C. Zhang et al. 01 (holotype: Yunnan Agriculture University; isotype: KUN0055550!). Notes: —Chang (1984) cited a single gathering B.H. Chen et al. A21002 at SYS as the type of Camellia atrothea. Two specimens of this gathering were found at SYS. The specimen SYS00095178 bears mature flower and fruit, so it is designated here as the lectotype (Fig. 1C). Ming (1992, 2000) reduced seven taxa (C. crispula, C. atrothea, C. rotundata, C. haaniensis, C. makuanica, C. purpurea and C. crassicolumna var. shangbaensis) into C. crassicolumna, which is inappropriate because the ovaries of these taxa are tomentose and different from those of C. crassicolumna. However, it is true that the seven taxa are very close to each other so that it is difficult to find any substantial differences among them when their types are compared. Chang (1984) stated that C. atrothea is close to C. taliensis and C. irrawadiensis, and different from them by thin and dull leaves, short petioles and pedicels, large and hairy sepals, and large fruits. These diagnostic features are shared by C. crispula. The diagnostic characters of Camellia rotundata (pubescent young branches, pubescent leaves round at base and short petioles) listed in its protologue (Chang 1984) exactly occurs in C. crispula. In the protologues (Chang 1984, Zhang 1997), C. crassicolumna with glabrous ovaries was selected as the kindred taxon of C. makuanica, C. haaniensis and C. crassicolumna var. shangbaensis, which is obviously inappropriate. The tomentose ovaries suggest that C. makuanica, C. haaniensis and C. crassicolumna var. shangbaensis are closer to C. crispula. According to the protologues (Chang 1984), C. purpurea is different from C. crispula only by its 3-loculed ovaries. However, the specimens (S.X. Yang 92009, 93537, 93538) collected in the type locality of C. purpurea show that 3-, 4- and 5-loculed ovaries really coexist on the same tree. In conclusion, there is no substantial differences can be found among C. crispula, C. atrothea, C. rotundata, C. haaniensis, C. makuanica, C. purpurea and C. crassicolumna var. shangbaensis . The seven taxa can be easily distinguished from other species of sect. Thea by 5-locular tomentose ovary, hairy sepals and petals, and hairy terminal buds and young branches, so it is advisable to treat all the seven taxa as one species. Therefore, the species status of C. crispula, the earliest described among the seven names, is reinstated and the rest six taxa are treated as its heterotypic synonyms. Habitat:— Montane forests, 1300–2450m. Distribution:— Endemic to Southeast and Central Yunnan, China. Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Yunnan: sine loc., Tsiang Y. 13072 (PE). Hekou, Lianhuatan, 26 November 1993, S.X. Yang 93533, 93534, 93535 (KUN); the same locality, 30 March 1995, S.X. Yang 95682 (KUN). Honghe, Leyu, 1943m, 6 June 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4909, 4910, 4911, 4912 (KUN). Jinping, 2300m, 7 December 1958, H.W. Li 309 (paratype of C. crassicolumna) (KUN, LBG); Fenshuiling, 2400m, 11 October 1996, S.G. Wu et al. 3911 (KUN); the same locality, 2200–2350m, 12 November 2010, S.X. Yang 2931 (KUN); the same locality, 2380m, 1 June 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W.Zhao 4875, 4876, 4877, 4878, 4879 (KUN); the same locality, 1682m, 21 October 2020, E.D. Liu et al. LED10179 (KUN); Kuihe, 1800m, 10 October 1996, S.G. Wu et al. 3896 (KUN); Hetou to Guantang, 2100m, 17 October, S.G. Wu et al. 4328 (KUN); Yongping, 2210m, 31 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4869, 4870, 4871, 4872, 4873 (KUN). Maguan, Dulong, 2250m, 28 May 1959, Q.A. Wu 8132 (paratype of C. crassicolumna) (KUN); Jiahanqing, 1650m, 12 October 1979, L.S. Xie & M. Cai 0450 (KUN); the same locality, 1650m, 9 September 1985, L.S. Xie 85-031 (KUN); Gulinqing, 1780–1890m, 8 September 1985, L.S. Xie 85-026, 85- 027 (KUN); the same locality, 1700–1900m, 17 August 1994, S.G. Wu et al. 2492 (KUN); the same locality, 1800m, 27 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4843, 4844, 4845 (KUN); Michang, 1695m, 27 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4838, 4839, 4840 (KUN). Malipo, Laojunshan, 1600–1800m, 10 December 1947, K.M. Feng 13748 (paratype of C. crassicolumna)(KUN, PE); the same locality, 1300–1500m, 20 December 1947, K.M. Feng 13964 (paratype of C. crassicolumna)(KUN, PE); the same locality, 13 May 2021, E.D. Liu et al. OYY00201 (KUN). Pingbian, Heping, 2200m, 17 Janurary 2005, S.X. Yang 1355 (KUN); Daweishan, 2100–2300m, 24 October 1989, T.L. Ming et X.D. Li C-6, C-7 (KUN); the same locality, 2000m, 13 May 1992, S.X. Yang 92009 (KUN); the same locality, 28 November 1993, S.X. Yang 93537, 93538 (KUN); the same locality, 21 March 1995, S.X. Yang 95685, 95686 (KUN); the same locality, 2150m, 2 July 2012, S.X. Yang 3885 (KUN); the same locality, 29 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4852, 4853, 4855 (KUN); Guzubei, 1942m, 28 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4848, 4849 (KUN). Wenshan, Laojie, 1695m, 26 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4836, 4837 (KUN). Xichou, Xiangpingshan, 1800m, 15 November 1965, 65- Wenshan Exp. 313 (paratype of C. crassicolumna)(PE); the same locality, 1500–1700m, 2 September 1947, K.M. Feng 11580 (PE); the same locality, 1800m, 29 September 1991, W.J. Zhang et S.X. Yang 91001, 91002 (KUN); the same locality, 24 May 1994, S.X. Yang et W.J. Zhang 94624 (KUN); the same locality, 1670m, 21 March 1995, S.X. Yang 95633, 95634 (KUN); the same locality, 1700m, 27 December 2004, S.X. Yang 1312 (KUN); the same locality, 1667m, 24 May 2014, S.X. Yang et D.W. Zhao 4834 (KUN). Xinping, Erdaoqing, 2120m, 21 October 1958, S.G. Wu 488 (PE). Yuanjiang, 5000 ft., Henry 13551 (E); Jiezihe, 2050m, 31 October 1964, Y.H. Li 05779 (KUN, PE); Yangchajie, 2200m, 9 November 1980, G.D. Tao 23746 (HITBC, PE). Yuanyang, Shengcun, 1848m, 2 November 1982, Y.J.Tan et S.C. Ma A25003 (SYS); the same locality, 1910m, 2 October 2005, E.D. Liu 1320 (KUN)., Published as part of Jiang, Yin-Zi, Yu, Xiang-Qin, Zhang, Tao, Peng, Hua & Yang, Shi-Xiong, 2023, Taxonomic notes on Camellia crassicolumna and its related species (Theaceae), pp. 109-114 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on pages 111-112, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7889597, {"references":["Chang, H. T. (1981 a) Thea - A section of beveragial tea-trees of the genus Camellia. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni 20 (1): 87 - 99.","Zhang, F. C. (1997) A new variety of the genus Camellia sect. Thea from Yunnan. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 19 (4): 437.","Ming, T. L. (1992) A revision of Camellia sect. Thea. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 14 (2): 115 - 132.","Ming, T. L. (2000) Monograph of the genus Camellia. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming, 352 pp."]}

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with polymer charge-trapping dielectric, which exhibit many advantages over Si-based memory devices such as low cost, light weight, and flexibility, still suffer challenges in practical application due to the unsatisfied endurance characteristics and even the lack of fundamental of behind mechanism. Here, we real that the degradation of endurance characteristics of pentacene OFET with poly(2-vinyl naphthalene) (PVN) as charge-storage layer is dominated by the deep hole-traps in PVN by using the photo-stimulated charge de-trapping technique with the fiber-coupled monochromatic-light probes. The depth distribution of hole-traps in PVN film of pentacene OFET is also provided.

DNA demethylases of the TET family function as tumor suppressors in various human cancers, but their pathogenic contributions and mechanisms of action in gastric carcinogenesis and progression remain unclear. Here, we report that TET is transcriptionally upregulated in gastric cancer, where it correlates with poor prognosis. Mechanistic investigations revealed that TET facilitated gastric carcinogenesis through a noncoding function of the 3′UTR, which interacted with miR-26. This interaction resulted in sequestration of miR-26 from its target EZH2, which released the suppression on EZH2, and thereby led to EZH2 overexpression in gastric cancer. Our findings uncover a novel noncoding function for TET family proteins in facilitating gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6069–82. ©2017 AACR.

Supplementary Tables S1-3. Supplementary Table S1. Clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients; Supplementary Table S2. Primers used for qRT-PCR; Supplementary Table S3. Correlation between clinicopathological parameters and TET transcriptional levels in GC patients.

Supplementary Figures S1-7. Supplementary Figure S1. Analysis of TET1/2/3 expression and 5-hmC levels in GC specimens and cell lines; Supplementary Figure S2. Effect of TETs on GC cell cycle, apoptosis and invasion; Supplementary Figure S3. Diagram of different recombinant expression vectors containing the TET1/2 5''UTR, the TET1/2/3 CDS, the TET1/2/3 3''UTR and the TET1/2/3 3''UTR with mutation of miR-26 binding sites as well as the TET1/2/3 full-length cDNA; Supplementary Figure S4. The expression levels of TET1, TET2 and TET3 in MKN-28 cells transfected with TET1/2/3 5''UTR, CDS, 3''UTR and full-length cDNA plasmids or empty vector; Supplementary Figure S5. TETs are direct targets of miR-26 in GC cells; Supplementary Figure S6. The regulatory role of TETs in the expression of EZH2; Supplementary Figure S7. TETs co-localize with miR-26 and EZH2 in the cytoplasm of GC cells.

Description of additional experimental methods including vector construction, absolute quantification of mRNA and miRNA, RNA ï¬,uorescence in situ hybridization, and dot blotting.

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common and disturbing gynecological disorders, and effective nonpharmacological treatments are still in urgent demand. low-level laser therapy (LLLT) showed wide application prospects in pain management. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects and safety of 940nm LLLT for PD. Methods: 100 participants with PD were allocated at random (2:1) to the LLLT group (n=68) or the control group (n=32) and treated with 940nm LLLT at the Guan Yuan acupoint or placebo for 30 minutes once daily before menstruation onset. Participants were treated for three menstrual cycles (T1, T2, T3) and followed up for another three cycles (T4, T5, T6). Visual analogue scale (VAS), Abdominal pain time (APT), Abdominal pain degree (APD), COX menstrual symptom scale (CMSS), Self-rating anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating depression scale (SDS), rescue medicine usage and complications at each menstrual cycle were recorded and compared. Change of VAS, APT, APD, CMSS, SAS and SDS from baseline at T3 was compared with those at T1 and T2. Results: Compared with baseline, VAS, APT, APD, CMSS, SAS and SDS were significantly decreased at all menstrual cycles in the LLLT group (except APT and SAS at T5-6). Compared with the control group, VAS at T1-5, APT and SDS at T2-4, APD and CMSS at T1-6, and SAS at T1-4 were found significantly lower in the LLLT group. Compared with T1 or T2, greater improvement from baseline was found in all parameters in the LLLT group at T3 (except APD and SAS with T2). The rate of rescue medication use in the LLLT group was significantly lower than that in the control group at T3 and T6. No adverse reaction was found. Conclusion: 940nm LLLT is a safe and promise complementary method for PD treatment with a cumulative feature of therapeutic effect. Trial registration: ChiCTR2100046199, 09/05/2021.

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A mild, efficient, and low-cost method was designed for recycling cathode materials from spent alkaline batteries into advanced aqueous zinc batteries.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tan-10.1177_17562864231161163 for Sleep outcomes and related factors in Parkinson’s disease after subthalamic deep brain electrode implantation: a retrospective cohort study by Ruoyu Ma, Zixiao Yin, Yingchuan Chen, Tianshuo Yuan, Qi An, Yifei Gan, Yichen Xu, Yin Jiang, Tingting Du, Anchao Yang, Fangang Meng, Guanyu Zhu and Jianguo Zhang in Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tan-10.1177_17562864231161163 for Sleep outcomes and related factors in Parkinson’s disease after subthalamic deep brain electrode implantation: a retrospective cohort study by Ruoyu Ma, Zixiao Yin, Yingchuan Chen, Tianshuo Yuan, Qi An, Yifei Gan, Yichen Xu, Yin Jiang, Tingting Du, Anchao Yang, Fangang Meng, Guanyu Zhu and Jianguo Zhang in Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders

Researchers from the world over are working to create prophylactic and therapeutic interventions to combat the COVID-19 global healthcare crisis. The current therapeutic options against the COVID-19 include repurposed drugs aimed at targets other than virus-specific proteins. Antibody-based therapeutics carry a lot of promise, and there are several of these candidates for COVID-19 treatment currently being investigated in the preclinical and clinical research stages around the world. The viral spike protein (S protein) appears to be the main target of antibody development candidates, with the majority being monoclonal antibodies. Several antibody candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 S protein include LY-CoV555, REGN-COV2, JS016, TY027, CT-P59, BRII-196, BRII-198 and SCTA01. These neutralizing antibodies will treat COVID-19 and possibly future coronavirus infections. Future studies should focus on effective immune-therapeutics and immunomodulators with the purpose of developing specific, affordable, and cost-effective prophylactic and treatment regimens to fight the COVID-19 globally.

Considering the small differences between different types in the diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading task, a retinopathy grading algorithm based on cross-layer bilinear pooling is proposed. Firstly, the input image is cropped according to the Hough circle transform (HCT), and then the image contrast is improved by the preprocessing method; then the squeeze excitation group residual network (SEResNeXt) is used as the backbone of the model, and a cross-layer bilinear pooling module is introduced for classification. Finally, a random puzzle generator is introduced in the training process for progressive training, and the center loss (CL) and focal loss (FL) methods are used to further improve the effect of the final classification. The quadratic weighted Kappa (QWK) is 90.84% in the Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset (IDRiD), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the Messidor-2 dataset (Messidor-2) is 88.54%. Experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has a certain application value in the field of diabetic retina grading.针对糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）分级任务中不同种类之间差异性微小特点，提出一种基于跨层双线性池化（CHBP）的视网膜病变分级算法。首先根据霍夫圆变换（HCT）对输入图像进行裁剪，再使用预处理方法提升图像对比度；然后以挤压激励分组残差网络（SEResNeXt）作为模型的主干，引入跨层双线性池化模块进行分类；最后在训练过程中引入随机拼图生成器进行渐进训练，并采用中心损失（CL）和焦点损失（FL）方法进一步提升最终分类效果。实验结果显示，本文方法在印度糖尿病视网膜病变图像数据集（IDRiD）中二次加权卡帕系数（QWK）为90.84%，在梅西多数据集（Messidor-2）中受试者工作特征曲线下的面积（AUC）为88.54%。实验证明，本文提出的算法在糖尿病视网膜病变分级领域具有一定应用价值。.

Gluon interaction introduces remarkable corrections to the magnetic polarization effects on the chiral fermions, which is known as the inverse magnetic catalysis. It is a natural speculation that the vorticity, which has many similar properties as magnetic field, would bring non-negligible contribution to the chiral rotational suppression. Using the intuitive semi-classical background field method we studied the rotation dependence of the effective strong interaction coupling. Contrary to the magnetic field case the rotation increases the effective coupling which leads to slowing down the condensate melting procedure with temperature. This could be named as the chiral vortical catalysis or inverse rotation suppression. Imposing such dependence to the coupling in the NJL model, we numerically checked this analysis qualitatively. The pseudo critical temperature is shown to rise with the rotation and approach saturation eventually which may be induced by the model cutoff., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Biological treatment is the most economical and practical wastewater treatment method; however, for highly concentrated organic wastewater, such as digested restaurant wastewater, a single biological treatment method does not meet the discharge requirements. An anaerobic/oxic-Fenton-biological aerated filter (A/O-Fenton-BAF) system was employed to treat digested restaurant wastewater with a high concentration of organic compounds in a pilot-scale experiment. The degradation process and mechanism of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in each stage of the process were analyzed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectrum characteristics were also studied. The average removal rate of both COD and NH4+-N in the entire process was 98%. The removal rates of COD, TN, NH4+-N, and DON reached 78.5%, 66.0%, 95.3%, and 51% using the A/O unit. Although Fenton was ineffective in the removal of nitrogenous organic and inorganic substances, the fluorescence spectra and GC-MS showed that the nitrogen-containing organic compounds of macromolecules were transformed into small molecules after the Fenton reaction and could be removed by the BAF unit. The removal rate of DON was up to 24.3% in the Fenton + BAF process, which reduced the TN concentration in the effluent. The dominant species in all biological processes were nitrifying and organic matter-decomposing bacteria. This study provides key data for the design of a full-scale system for treating digested restaurant wastewater.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been potentially identified as new diagnostic markers, prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in cancer. The acquisition of a mesenchymal (MES) phenotype in glioblastomas (GBMs) results into therapeutic resistance and poor clinical outcomes. The correlation between lncRNAs and MES differentiation remains elusive. Here, we report that LINC01057 as a lncRNA is overexpressed in GBMs, especially in MES subtype. LINC01057 knockdown suppresses proliferation, invasion and radioresistance of GBM cells in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. LINC01057 knockdown leads to loss of MES signature in MES subpopulation of GBM cells, but LINC01057 overexpression promotes MES differentiation in proneural (PN) subpopulation. LINC01057 interacts with IKKα and maintains IKKα nucleus localization, leading to effective chromatin accessibility at NF-κB responsive promoters via histone modification and final NF-κB activation. IKKα knockdown disrupts the effect of LINC01057 overexpression on PN to MES transition (PMT). LINC01057 level is negatively correlated with patient prognosis in MES-subtype GBM. Collectively, our findings uncover LINC01057 as a regulator of NF-κB signaling to promote MES differentiation and a potential target for therapeutic intervention for MES-subtype GBM.

BackgroundThis study aimed to describe a synchronized intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) recording and motion capture system, which was designed to explore the neural dynamics during walking of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with freezing of gait (FOG). Preliminary analysis was performed to test the reliability of this system.MethodsA total of 8 patients were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent bilateral STN-DBS surgery and were implanted with a right subdural electrode covering premotor and motor area. Synchronized electrophysiological and gait data were collected using the Nihon Kohden EEG amplifier and Codamotion system when subjects performed the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. To verify the reliability of the acquisition system and data quality, we calculated and compared the FOG index between freezing and non-freezing periods during walking. For electrophysiological data, we first manually reviewed the scaled (five levels) quality during waking. Spectra comprising broadband electrocorticography (ECoG) and local field potential (LFP) were also compared between the FOG and non-FOG states. Lastly, connectivity analysis using coherence between cortical and STN electrodes were conducted. In addition, we also use machine learning approaches to classified FOG and non-FOG.ResultsA total of 8 patients completed 41 walking tests, 30 of which had frozen episodes, and 21 of the 30 raw data were level 1 or 2 in quality (70%). The mean ± SD walking time for the TUG test was 85.94 ± 47.68 s (range: 38 to 190.14 s); the mean ± SD freezing duration was 12.25 ± 7.35 s (range: 1.71 to 27.50 s). The FOG index significantly increased during the manually labeled FOG period (P < 0.05). The beta power of STN LFP in the FOG period was significantly higher than that in the non-FOG period (P < 0.05), while the band power of ECoG did not exhibit a significant difference between walking states. The coherence between the ECoG and STN LFP was significantly greater in high beta and gamma bands during the FOG period compared with the shuffled surrogates (P < 0.05). Lastly, STN-LFP band power features showed above-chance performance (p < 0.01, permutation test) in identifying FOG epochs.ConclusionIn this study, we established and verified the synchronized ECoG/LFP and gait recording system in PD patients with FOG. Further neural substrates underlying FOG could be explored using the current system.

The negative effects of microplastics on the normal growth of aquatic organisms have been well studied, but relatively little is known about their potential adverse effects on the function and stability of aquatic ecosystems. We investigated here the effects of polyethylene (PE) microplastics on several aspects of plankton ecosystems, including Daphnia magna behavior, the grazing rate of D. magna on Chlorella vulgaris cells, trophic-cascade effects in the C. vulgaris-D. magna-larval damselfly food chain, the life-history of D. magna, and the stability and persistence of the D. magna-larval damselfly system. PE microplastics decreased the D. magna grazing rate as a result of reductions in their heart rate and hopping frequency. In the trophic-cascade experiment, PE microplastics increased the foraging success of larval damselflies on grazers due to hopping inhibition in grazers, which ultimately strengthened the trophic-cascade effect on algal growth. Long-term exposure to PE microplastics reduced the stability and persistence of the grazer population via increased predation risk and reduced reproductive capacity for grazer species. This study provides evidence that microplastics can affect the trophic cascade strength and stability of plankton ecosystems via behavior-mediated indirect interactions, suggesting that microplastics have more extensive impacts on aquatic ecosystems than presently recognized. ENVIROMENTAL IMPLICATION: The massive production and environmental releasing of microplastics have become ubiquitous in the global environment. The negative effects of microplastics on the normal growth of aquatic organisms have been well studied, but little is known about potential adverse effects on the function and stability of aquatic ecosystems. Here, we found that microplastics increased the positive impacts of larval damselflies on algal growth, and reduced the stability and persistence of plankton ecosystems via a behavior-mediated indirect interaction. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study assessing the effects of microplastics on the community-level characteristics of a freshwater ecosystem. SYNOPSIS: PE microplastics affect trophic cascade strength and reduce the stability and persistence of plankton ecosystems via behavior-mediated indirect interactions.

Additional file 1. Fig. S1. Resting-state network components selected in AD patients. Fig. S2. Selected seeds in the different resting-state networks.

Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment. As a major component of the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in facilitating the aggressive behavior of TNBC. This study aimed to explore the novel mechanism of TAMs in the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties in TNBC. Methods Expression of the M2-like macrophage marker CD163 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in human breast cancer tissues. The phenotype of M2 macrophages polarized from Tohoku-Hospital-Pediatrics-1 (THP1) cells was verified by flow cytometry. Transwell assays, wound healing assays, western blotting, flow cytometry, ELISA, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), luciferase reporter gene assays, and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to investigate the mechanism by which TAMs regulate EMT and CSC properties in BT549 and HCC1937 cells. Results Clinically, we observed a high infiltration of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages in TNBC tissues and confirmed that TAMs were associated with unfavorable prognosis in TNBC patients. Moreover, we found that conditioned medium from M2 macrophages (M2-CM) markedly promoted EMT and CSC properties in BT549 and HCC1937 cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion by TAMs activated Akt signaling, which in turn increased the expression and nuclear localization of β-catenin. Furthermore, β-catenin knockdown reversed TAM-induced EMT and CSC properties. Conclusions This study provides a novel mechanism by which TAMs promote EMT and enhance CSC properties in TNBC via activation of CCL2/AKT/β-catenin signaling, which may offer new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.

Aims: This aimed to study the causative agent, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment strategy targeting the main protease in porcine epidemic diarrhea. Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a contagious intestinal viral infection causing severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in pigs. High rates of mortalities and severe morbidities, approaching 100%, are reported in piglets infected with PEDV. In recent years, PED has been observed to influence the swine-farming nations in Europe, Asia, the USA, South Korea, and Canada. The PED virus (PEDV) transmission takes place through a faecal-oral route. Objective: The objective is to review the characteristics of PEDV and its role in the disease. In addition, we aim to outline some possible methods to combat PED infection, including targeting the main protease of coronavirus and their future perspectives. Method: This study is a review of literature on the PED virus. Results: Apart from symptomatic treatment and supportive care, there is no available specific treatment for PEDV. Appropriate disinfectants and cleaning are pivotal for the control of PEDV. To date, apart from anti-PEDV inhibitors, there are no specific drugs available commercially to treat the disease. Therefore, 3C-like protease (3CLpro) in PEDV that has highly conserved structure and catalytic mechanism serves as an alluring drug as it plays a vital role during viral polyprotein processing at the time of infection. Conclusion: A well synchronized and collective effort of scientists, swine veterinarians, pork industry experts, and associated authorities is essential for the accomplishment of proper execution of these required measures.

Flexible organic field-effect transistor nonvolatile memories (OFET-NVMs) with polymer electrets have aroused great attention for its important role in next-generation flexible data storage devices application. However, the OFET-NVMs to date still hardly reach the requirements for practical applications. In air environment, the positively charged defects formed in pentacene near the interface with polymer, result in unsatisfied high programming/erasing (P/E) voltages. Here, we propose an OFET memory structure, in which an n-type semiconductor N, N′-Bis(3-pentyl) perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-bis(dicarboximide) (PTCDI-C13) is inserted between pentacene and poly(4-vinyl phenol. Based on the electrostatic induction effect, electrons are induced on the surface of PTCDI-C13 due to the electrostatic field generated by the positive charges at the interface of pentacene/polymer, and compensate part of the positive charges at the interface, resulting in the reduction of the height of hole-barrier. The flexible memory device with PTCDI-C13 exhibits a memory window of larger than 7 V at P/E voltages (±20 V), fast switching speeds (0.5 ms), good P/E endurance (>400 cycles), large field-effect mobility (0.026 cm2 V−1 s−1), and long retention time (over 104 s).

Silicon (Si) has been counted as the most promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, owing to its high theoretical specific capacity, safety, and high natural abundance. However, the commercial application of silicon anodes is hindered by its huge volume expansions, poor conductivity, and low coulombic efficiency. For the anode manufacture, binders play an important role of binding silicon materials, current collectors, and conductive agents, and the binder structure can significantly affect the mechanical durability, adhesion, ionic/electronic conductivities, and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) stability of the silicon anodes. Moreover, many cross-linked binders are effective in alleviating the volume expansions of silicon nanosized even microsized anodic materials along with maintaining the anode integrity and stable electrochemical performances. This mini review comprehensively summarizes various binders based on their structures, including the linear, branched, three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked, conductive polymer, and other hybrid binders. The mechanisms how various binder structures influence the performances of the silicon anodes, the limitations, and prospects of different hybrid binders are also discussed. This mini review can help in designing hybrid polymer binders and facilitating the practical application of silicon-based anodes with high electrochemical activity and long-term stability.

Detection and analysis of retinal blood vessels contribute to the clinical diagnosis of many ophthalmic diseases. In this paper, aiming on achieving more accurate segmentation of retinal vessels and enhance the ability of the algorithm to identify microvessels, we propose a U-shaped network based on adaptive aggregation of feature information. The introduced feature selection module, which could strengthen feature transmission and selectively emphasize feature information. To effectively capture the characteristics of vessels at different scales, generate richer and denser context information, and DenseASPP is embedded at the bottom of the network. Meanwhile, we propose an adaptive aggregation module to aggregate the semantic information in each layer of the encoder part and transmit it to subsequent layers, which is beneficial to the spatial reconstruction of retinal vessels. A joint loss function is also introduced to facilitate network training. The proposed network is evaluated on three public datasets. The sensitivity, accuracy, and area under curve(AUC) are 83.48%/83.16/85.86, 95.67%/96.67%/96.52%, and 98.11%/98.69%/98.60% on DRIVE, STARE and CHASE_DB1, respectively. In order to achieve more accurate retinal blood vessel segmentation and improve the ability of the algorithm to identify microvessels. We propose a U-shaped network based on adaptive aggregation of feature information. The introduction of the adaptive aggregation module aggregates the semantic information of each level of the encoder part, which improves the robustness of the model to segment blood vessels.

Great efforts have been made in exploring two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with appropriate band gaps and high optical absorption for their great potential applications in solar cells. Here, by using density-functional theory calculations, we predicted a quinazoline based covalent organic framework (Q-COF), which has been synthesized recently (O. Buyukcakir, et al., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2019, 58, 872–876), as an excellent 2D photovoltaic material. We reveal that a Q-COF monolayer, which can be exfoliated feasibly from its layered bulk, possesses a desired direct band-gap of 1.18 eV, and exhibits promising optical absorption (105 cm−1) in the visible and near-infrared light region. Moreover, we found that Q-COF and ZnSe monolayers could form a heterojunction with a type-II band alignment, using which a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.89% can be reached. Under strain engineering, the band gap and the band offset of the Q-COF/ZnSe heterojunction can be effectively tuned, and the PCE can be further improved to 22.32%. Our results would motivate more experimental and theoretical research to further explore the potential applications of the Q-COF monolayer in optoelectronic devices, especially in solar cells.

Corrosion behavior of copper-free (BR5) and copper-bearing (BR5Cu, 0.8% Cu) bainite type grade R5 mooring chain steels is investigated in sterile and bacteria-containing seawater. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and weight loss results demonstrate that both steels corrode steadily with similar rates in sterile seawater, which is closely related to stable dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and loose corrosion product layers. While in bacteria-containing seawater, corrosion is inhibited at the initial stage due to DO consumption and biofilm formation, and the inhibition efficiency declines with time because of bacteria decay, leading to a slightly smaller total weight loss than that in sterile media. Although less adhesive bacteria are observed on BR5Cu steel owing to the antimicrobial activity of copper, it does not bring a visible difference in corrosion rate. The validity of copper introduction in mooring chain steel towards seawater corrosion and MIC inhibition is expected to be checked further in different systems.

Prion diseases in mammals are caused by a conformational transition of the cellular prion protein from its native conformation (PrP(C)) to a pathological isoform called “prion protein scrapie” (PrP(Sc)). A molecular level of understanding of this conformational transition will be helpful in unveiling the disease etiology. Experimental structural biological techniques (NMR and X‐ray crystallography) have been used to unravel the atomic level structural information for the prion and its binding partners. More than one hundred three‐dimensional structures of the mammalian prions have been deposited in the protein databank. Structural studies on the prion protein and its structural transitions will deepen our understanding of the molecular basis of prion pathogenesis and will provide valuable guidance for future structure‐based drug discovery endeavors.

LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) is considered one of the most competitive cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries for use in next-generation electric vehicles. However, the poor cycle stability of layered Ni-rich cathode materials at high voltages (>4.3 V) has hindered their commercial development. In this study, we evaluate the effects of lithium boron oxide (LBO) glass as a lithium-ion-conductive coating layer on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of NCM811 at a high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V. We show that NCM811 coated with 0.3 wt% LBO exhibits improved cycling retention (82.1%) compared with bare NCM811 (50.8%) after 100 cycles at 1C. Electrochemical impedance spectra and scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images after cycling reveal that the LBO-coating layer not only lowered the charge-transfer resistance between the electrode and electrolyte but also improved the structural stability during cycling.

A series of NiMo/Al2O3-USY catalysts with different MoO3 contents were prepared through incipient wetness method and further modified with NH4F. The NiMo/Al2O3-USY catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, HR-TEM, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR and N2 adsorption and their catalytic performance in the hydrocracking of low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) was investigated in a 200 mL fixed-bed reactor. The results indicate that the appropriate MoO3 content is 15%; higher MoO3 content may lead to the agglomeration of active metals on the support, although it has little influence on the sulfidation degree of Mo species and the conversion of coal tar upon hydrocracking. In addition, the amount of strong acid sites and pore diameter decrease gradually with a further increase in the MoO3 content, which is disadvantageous for deep hydrocracking. The modification of USY zeolite with NH4F solution can enlarge the average pore diameter of resultant NiMo/Al2O3-USY catalysts and then improve the residue conversion of coal tar. However, the amount of strong acid sites decreases obviously when the concentration of NH4F solution exceeds 0.6 mol/L, which may lead to an increase of the sulfur content in the hydrocracking product. Over the NiMo/Al2O3-USY catalyst modified with 0.6 mol/L NH4F solution, the residue conversion of coal tar reaches 87.65%; the sulfur contents in the gasoline fraction (

Copper has long been utilized as a disinfectant for bacteria, but its impact on microbial communities attached to the steel surface in seawater remains unknown. In the present study, 3 mooring chain steels of different copper contents are subjected to a 3-month marine field exposure, and the corrosion rate increases in the order of BR5 steel (without copper) < BR5CuH steel (0.8% copper) < BR5CuL steel (0.4% copper). The microbial community results show that copper introduction does not result in an obvious change in microbial quantity, but it alters the diversity, richness, and structure of microbial communities due to the variation in copper-resistance of different species. BR5CuH steel holds microbial communities with the highest percentage of some well-known corrosive microbes including sulfate-reducing bacteria, sulfuroxidizing bacteria, and iron-oxidizing bacteria, but possesses the lowest community diversity/richness owing to the toxicity of copper. The microbial community diversity/richness is stimulated by the low-copper content of BR5CuL steel, and this steel also carries an intermediate proportion of such corrosive bacteria. Both well-known corrosive bacteria and microbial community diversity/richness seem to be involved in the corrosion acceleration of copper-bearing mooring chain steels.

FeS@Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted method and characterized by TEM, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, BET and VSM. The factors affecting the adsorption properties of uranyl ions by FeS@Fe3O4 were studied. Results show that the FeS@Fe3O4 nanoparticles have core–shell structure and superparamagnetism. Under the optimized conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 229.03 mg/g. The optimum adsorption conditions were as follows: pH = 6, temperature 80 °C, C0 = 35 mg/L, contact time 2.5 h, adsorbent dosage 10 mg. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic studies show that the adsorption process accords with the Freundlich isotherm adsorption model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

Severe restacking of single-atom-thick two-dimensional graphene and too long ion diffusion path in a thick three-dimensional porous graphene film are both main current problems limiting performance maximization of graphene as an energy storage material. Herein, we report an advance toward the design and fabrication of novel hierarchically porous N-doped graphene thin microsheets (PNGTMSs) with a honeycomb-like network structure allowing good dispersion of near-spherical Ni2P nanoflowers (NFs) by high-intensity compact ultrasound assisted technique. New insights into ultrasonic activation inducing a preferential self-assembly in a planar direction are proposed. High porosity and thin thickness of