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The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and dietary diversity score (DDS) has been widely discussed, but little is known about the age and cohort effects on DDS and how the SES effect on DDS varies with age and across successive cohorts among urban and rural older adults in China. Thus, this study aimed to examine the temporal change in DDS among Chinese older adults and SES heterogeneities in such change from the perspective of urban–rural differentiation. Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) between 2002 and 2018 were used, and a total of 13,728 participants aged between 65 and 105 years were included in this study. A total of eight food groups were used to assess DDS, while education, family income, and perceived income status were used to assess SES. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the age and cohort effects on DDS and their urban–rural and SES disparities. The results show that higher SES, including more education, family income, and perceived income status, was associated with higher DDS (for urban older adults, β = 0.1645, p = 0.0003, β = 0.2638, p < 0.0001, β = 0.2917, p < 0.0001, respectively; for rural older adults, β = 0.0932, p = 0.0080, β = 0.4063, p < 0.0001, β = 0.2921, p < 0.0001, respectively). The DDS of older adults increased with age and across successive cohorts in both urban and rural China. Moreover, we found the three-way interaction effect of SES, age, and cohort was statistically significant in both urban and rural China. Thus, living in an urban area and having higher SES are associated with higher DDS, but these associations change with age and across successive cohorts. The dietary health of earlier cohorts and rural oldest-old in China deserves more attention.

In order to encourage residents to go to primary care facilities, China has set up differentiated basic medical insurance reimbursement ratios. The study aims to use the dynamic point of view of longitudinal data to examine the changes in the impact of basic medical insurance on primary care. The data for this study comes from the Chinese Family Panel Study (CFPS) in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. We adopted Hierarchal Age-period-cohort-Cross-Classified Random Effects Models (HAPC-CCREM) to examine the changes in the impact of basic medical insurance on primary care. Compared with non-insured groups, participants of the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (coefficient = 0.730) have a relatively high incidence of primary care seeks, while Urban Residents' Basic Medical Insurance (coefficient = −0.482) and Urban Employees' Basic Medical Insurance (coefficient = −0.663) are lower, respectively. Age, period over time and cohort have a more obvious moderating effect on primary care seeks. The study of primary care behavior is an important direction for the construction of a hierarchical medical system. As basic medical insurance is the source of power for the hierarchical medical system, we can provide certain direction for policy formulation on the changes of basic medical insurance in primary care behavior.

In this paper, we introduce the task of learning unsupervised dialogue embeddings. Trivial approaches such as combining pre-trained word or sentence embeddings and encoding through pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been shown to be feasible for this task. However, these approaches typically ignore the conversational interactions between interlocutors, resulting in poor performance. To address this issue, we proposed a self-guided contrastive learning approach named dial2vec. Dial2vec considers a dialogue as an information exchange process. It captures the conversational interaction patterns between interlocutors and leverages them to guide the learning of the embeddings corresponding to each interlocutor. The dialogue embedding is obtained by an aggregation of the embeddings from all interlocutors. To verify our approach, we establish a comprehensive benchmark consisting of six widely-used dialogue datasets. We consider three evaluation tasks: domain categorization, semantic relatedness, and dialogue retrieval. Dial2vec achieves on average 8.7, 9.0, and 13.8 points absolute improvements in terms of purity, Spearman's correlation, and mean average precision (MAP) over the strongest baseline on the three tasks respectively. Further analysis shows that dial2vec obtains informative and discriminative embeddings for both interlocutors under the guidance of the conversational interactions and achieves the best performance when aggregating them through the interlocutor-level pooling strategy. All codes and data are publicly available at https://github.com/AlibabaResearch/DAMO-ConvAI/tree/main/dial2vec., Comment: Accepted as Long Paper at "EMNLP,2022"

Additional file 1: Figure S1. WGS results in HepG2. Figure S2. Representative Sanger sequencing results of gRNA-expression vectors and their targeting sites in HepG2 and Hep3B. Figure S3. The "i-CRISPR" strategy could induce DSBs and cell death in HepG2 cells. Figure S4. Targeted induction of DSB resulted in apoptosis in cancer cells carrying specific mutations. Figure S5. WGS results in DU145. Figure S6. The "i-CRISPR" strategy could suppress DU145 cell viability. Figure S7. The "i-CRISPR" strategy could induce cell death in DU145 cancer cells but not normal 293 T cells. Figure S8. CRISPR targeting new targets could overcome the possible drug resistance problems of our strategy. Figure S9. The "i-CRISPR" strategy could only specifically suppress HCC organoid with the designed mutations. Figure S10. The "i-CRISPR" strategy could not significantly affect the weight, blood routine and other biochemical indicators of PCa PDX mice. Figure S11. Sequences of off-target sites identified by GUIDE-seq for the mixture of Cas9 and 3 gRNAs targeting mutated sites and treated DU145 cells. Figure S12. Quantitative phos-phoproteomics analysis elucidate the molecular mechanism of the "i-CRISPR" strategy in HepG2 cells. Figure S13. Differentially phosphorylated proteins analysis after the "i-CRISPR" strategy treatment. Figure S14. Enrichment of GO terms for differentially phosphorylated proteins among the 3 groups. Figure S15. Activation of autophagy may play critical role in the molecular mechanism for the increased cell death of our strategy-part 1. Figure S16. Activation of autophagy may play critical role in the molecular mechanism for the increased cell death of our strategy-part 2. Figure S17. DNA methylation analysis in control and treated DU145 cells. Figure S18. DNA methylation analysis in control and treated HepG2 cells. Figure S19. Joint analysis of the DNA methylation data in DU145 and HepG2 cells. Figure S20. Gene body region methylation of representative DMR located 312 genes in DU145 and HepG2 cells. Figure S21. Whole-genome sequencing results of DU145 and the 3 DU145 derived single cells (A6, B12, B13) cultured in our laboratory. Supplementary materials and methods.

This paper introduces an unsupervised loss for training parametric deformation shape generators. The key idea is to enforce the preservation of local rigidity among the generated shapes. Our approach builds on an approximation of the as-rigid-as possible (or ARAP) deformation energy. We show how to develop the unsupervised loss via a spectral decomposition of the Hessian of the ARAP energy. Our loss nicely decouples pose and shape variations through a robust norm. The loss admits simple closed-form expressions. It is easy to train and can be plugged into any standard generation models, e.g., variational auto-encoder (VAE) and auto-decoder (AD). Experimental results show that our approach outperforms existing shape generation approaches considerably on public benchmark datasets of various shape categories such as human, animal and bone.

Due to the specific cofactor dependence and the potent catalytic capability, DNAzymes have shown great promise in the application of biosensors. However, it poses significant challenges for researchers to enhance the sensitivities of DNAzyme-based biosensing platforms. In this work, an ultra-sensitive, label-free, and quick-responsive DNAzyme biosensor is developed based on whispering gallery mode (WGM) optofluidic resonator with a hybrid amplification from liquid crystals (LCs) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). When a DNAzyme is cleaved by biotargets, the event of DNA hybridization is triggered and will result in the orientation transition of LC molecules (in the resonator core). According to the quadruple amplification from the disturbance of AuNPs, the excess polarizability of adhering biomolecules, the orientation variation of LC molecules, and the WGM resonance, the spectral wavelength shift can be employed as the sensing parameter to indicate the information of biotarget. L-histidine molecules are applied as the analyte. An ultra-low detection limit at a sub-femtomole level (~ 5×10-16 M) has been achieved using this highly-selective biosensor, which is eight orders of magnitude lower compared to the reported LC-based L-histidine sensor. In addition to L-histidine, this proposed optofluidic scheme with LC-AuNP hybrid amplification can also extend the applicability of DNAzyme-based biosensors for the detection of various molecules.\ud \ud

A high precision demodulation method in frequency domain is proposed for a polarized low-coherence interferometer with location-dependent birefringence dispersion. By minimizing the frequency nonlinearity caused by dispersion effects, the proposed method avoids the jump errors of traditional frequency domain analysis method and exactly retrieve the absolute phase at multiselected-wavenumber point simultaneously, which makes it superior in accuracy, stability, and measurement range. We carried out experiments with an optical fiber Fabry–Perot pressure sensing system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experiment result showed that the measured error was less than 0.049 kPa and the measurement range was widened to 285 kPa, which could be wider with suited experimental equipment and is no limit in theory.

To investigate how the changes in performance and the microbial community of the co-digestion system of Pennisetum hybrid and pig manure, two co-digestion systems in a semi-continuous mode were established at different grass:manure mixture ratios (50:50 and 75:25), and at variable organic loading rates (OLRs). The two reactors were in a steady-state at the OLRs of 2.0–5.0 g VS/(L·d), with the specific and volumetric biogas yields of 383.86 ± 65.13 to 574.28 ± 72.04 mL/g VS and 0.87 ± 0.07 to 2.36 ± 0.13 m3/(m3·d), respectively. The co-digestion system with a mixture ratio of 75:25 failed at an OLR of 5.5 g VS/(L⋅d). This failure could be attributed to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) owing to the imbalance between acid-production and -oxidation bacteria. By contrast, the co-digestion system with mixture ratio of 50:50 failed at an OLR of 7.0 g VS/(L⋅d), which was likely due to mechanical issues or improper reactor configuration. The genus Proteiniphilum contributed to the increase in total ammonia nitrogen. These findings provide useful guidance for optimizing co-digestion system, enhancing reactor performance and improving the wastes treatment.

Background The link between prostate cancer (PCa) development and aberrant expression of genes located on the Y chromosome remains unclear. Objective To identify Y-chromosomal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with critical roles in PCa and to clarify the corresponding mechanisms. Design, setting, and participants Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs on the Y chromosome were identified using transcriptome analysis of PCa clinical samples and cell lines. Biological functions and molecular mechanisms of the lncRNAs were revealed using in vitro and in vivo experimental methods. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Experiments and outcome measurements were performed in duplicate or triplicate. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed for comparison of RNA levels in clinical cohorts. Analysis of variance was employed for comparisons among multiple groups. Results and limitations In most patients with PCa, TTTY15 was the most elevated lncRNA located on the Y chromosome. Knockout of this lncRNA by two different CRISPR-Cas9 strategies suppressed PCa cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. TTTY15 promoted PCa by sponging the microRNA let-7, consequently increasing CDK6 and FN1 expression. FOXA1 is an upstream regulatory factor of TTTY15 transcription. Conclusions The Y-chromosomal lncRNA TTTY15 was upregulated in most PCa tissues and could promote PCa progression by sponging let-7. Patient summary We found that TTTY15 levels were frequently elevated in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues compared with those in paracancerous normal tissues in a large group of PCa patients, and we observed a tumour suppressive effect after TTTY15 knockout using CRISPR/Cas9. These results may have therapeutic implications for PCa patients.

Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy has attracted lots of attention because of the advantages, such as noninvasive, label-free, chemical specificity, intrinsic three-dimension spatial resolution and so on. However, the temporal overlap of pump and Stokes has not been solved owing to the ultrafast optical pulse used in CARS microscopy. We combine interference spectrum of residual pump in Stokes path and nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) to realize the temporal overlap of pump pulse and Stokes pulse. At first, based on the interference spectrum of pump pulse and residual pump in Stokes path, the optical delay is defined when optical path difference between pump path and Stokes path is zero. Then the relative optical delay between Stokes pulse and residual pump in PCF can be calculated by NLSE. According to the spectrum interference and NLSE, temporal overlap of pump pulse and Stokes pulse will be realized easily and the imaging speed will be improved in CARS microscopy.

In this paper, we design an integrated algorithm to evaluate the sentiment of Chinese market. Firstly, with the help of the web browser automation, we crawl a lot of news and comments from several influential financial websites automatically. Secondly, we use techniques of Natural Language Processing(NLP) under Chinese context, including tokenization, Word2vec word embedding and semantic database WordNet, to compute Senti-scores of these news and comments, and then construct the sentimental factor. Here, we build a finance-specific sentimental lexicon so that the sentimental factor can reflect the sentiment of financial market but not the general sentiments as happiness, sadness, etc. Thirdly, we also implement an adjustment of the standard sentimental factor. Our experimental performance shows that there is a significant correlation between our standard sentimental factor and the Chinese market, and the adjusted factor is even more informative, having a stronger correlation with the Chinese market. Therefore, our sentimental factors can be important references when making investment decisions. Especially during the Chinese market crash in 2015, the Pearson correlation coefficient of adjusted sentimental factor with SSE is 0.5844, which suggests that our model can provide a solid guidance, especially in the special period when the market is influenced greatly by public sentiment.

This paper proposes a novel method for the creation of user-defined freeform feature (UDFFF) from existing surface model. The developed methodology has four major steps: selecting the region of interest (ROI), obtaining the characteristic curves from the surface model, reconstructing the ROI surface, and parameterizing the UDFFF. To quickly create UDFFF on the ROI, the representation of freeform feature based on characteristic curves is proposed. First, the characteristic curves of ROI are obtained automatically or by a small amount of human–computer interaction. In particular, user can directly and easily draw the curves on surface to satisfy the designer's requirements. Second, from the set of characteristic curves that is obtained, freeform surface is reconstructed by a suitable surface generation method, e.g., sweeping, revolving, skinning, and filling. Finally, parameterization of the freeform feature is configured, which primarily involves establishing parameters and building the mappings between feature parameters and shape data. Moreover, according to the degrees of freedom, two types of parameterization of freeform features may be described: one (low degrees of freedom) can be accurately described by the characteristic curves and the other (high degrees of freedom) can be approximated with these curves. The proposed UDFFF creation method has been tested with examples based on the surface models. Experience with our prototype system indicates that it allows untrained users to create UDFFFs from the surface models.

Detecting global exact symmetries in CAD models is of great importance in the research of CAD/CAE integration. Therefore, a method is proposed in this paper to rapidly detect the global exact rotational and reflectional symmetries in feature-based CAD models. The theories of determining the symmetries of the Boolean combinations of the features are framed. Based on these theories, our approach is processed as follows. First, the features of the CAD models are classified into congruent feature sets. Next, through the study on the relationship between feature information and the symmetries of features, by using only feature information, as many symmetries of the feature sets as possible are detected. Then these feature sets are sorted into an ordered sequence. Finally, symmetries of the entire model can be derived by successively merging and verifying the symmetries of feature sets in the ordered sequence. Experimental results show that the global exact symmetries can be robustly and rapidly detected.

We present a Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) system for intravascular imaging. The whole system consists of 4 parts: imaging catheter (IC), motion controller (MC), optical engine (OE) and data acquisition and processing module (DAPM). By using swept laser source with 50 KHz sweep speed and high speed optical rotary jiont, we can get 100 frames per second (fps) and scan 20 mm vessel per second.

Through analysing the spectrum of the cascade optical fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor composed with three reflecting surfaces,the lower envolope of the spectrum can be used to demodulate the sensor′s cavity length.A novel algorithm based on fitting of interference-order is proposed.Simulation analysis is carried out with the cavity length of F-P2 variating between 160 μm to 215 μm.It is shown that the results precision can be improved using the novel method at the different signal to noise ratio(SNR),and is not impacted by sensor′s cavity length and the optical spectrum resolution ratio at the same SNR.The experiment is also carried out,and the calculation results show that the residuals of the least square curve fitting is 0.012 μm,which verify the effectiveness of the new algorithm.

We introduce a simple residual pressure self-measurement method for the Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity of optical MEMS pressure sensor. No extra installation is required and the structure of the sensor is unchanged. In the method, the relationship between residual pressure and external pressure under the same diaphragm deflection condition at different temperatures is analyzed by using the deflection formula of the circular plate with clamped edges and the ideal gas law. Based on this, the residual pressure under the flat condition can be obtained by pressure scanning process and calculation process. We carried out the experiment to compare the residual pressures of two batches MEMS sensors fabricated by two kinds of bonding process. The measurement result indicates that our approach is reliable enough for the measurement.

With the superiority of anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, light quality, small size and so on, optical fiber sensing technology is widely used in aerospace industry, petrochemical engineering, power electronics, civil engineering and biological medicine. It can be divided as discrete and distributed. Discrete optical fiber sensing utilizes fiber sensitive element as sensors to detect the quantity to be measured. Optical spectrum, light intensity and polarization are usually used as the sensitivity parameter because they can be modulated by parameter such as rotation, acceleration, electromagnetic field, temperature, pressure, stress, stress, vibration, humidity, viscosity, refractive index and so on. Fiber works as the channel and links the fiber sensor and demodulating equipment. After a long period of research, the discrete optical fiber sensing technology stretch out many branches, we discussed the most representative ones as follows, the fiber grating sensing technique, the fiber fabry perot sensing technique, the fiber gyroscope sensing technique, the fiber intracavity sensing technique, the fiber surface plasma sensing technique, hollow-core fiber whispering gallery mode sensing technique, magnetic fluid fiber sensing technique and fiber-based optical coherence tomography sensing technique. Based on optical effect as rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering, distributed fiber sensing system uses fiber itself as a sensor, when the vibration, stress, voice or temperature acts on the fiber changes, the optical signal transfers inside the fiber will change accordingly. The fiber distributes in a large range and a long distance, then the signal can be located at different positions and realize the multi-position measurement. We discussed the main distributed fiber sensing technologies as follows, the interferometric disturbance fiber sensing technology, the optical frequency domain reflectometry fiber sensing technology, the -optical time domain reflectometer fiber sensing technology, the optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology and the optical fiber Raman sensing technology. The development of technology is promoting the integration and network of optical fiber sensing, now it also becomes a research hotspot. Fiber optic smart sensor network is formed by various discrete and discrete optical fiber sensors in certain topological structure with the function of self-diagnosis and self-healing. Current research concentrates in the following areas, the increase of the multiplex sensor number, the topological structure with higher robustness and the intelligent control of sensing network. In this paper, we discuss the origination, development and research progress of discrete, distributed optical fiber sensing technologies and optical fiber sensing network technology, and the future research direction is also prospected.

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging of femtosecond pulses has been a research hotspot in recent years, but the wide spectrum of the femtosecond pulse limits the spectral resolution of CARS imaging. Spectral compression is considered as an effective method to solve this problem. In this work, an all-fiber chirp spectral compression method of graded-index multi-mode fiber/single-mode fiber (GI-MMF/SMF) structure based on fiber pre-chirp and self-phase modulation is presented. It can be used as a CARS excitation source to increase the spectral resolution of CARS imaging. In the section of numerical simulation, the mean group velocity dispersion value of GI-MMF is used as a numerical parameter of the chirp analysis, which is estimated by analyzing modes of GI-MMF. On one hand, the mode field distributions in GI-MMF are simulated numerically by the finite-difference time-domain method, and these different modes are divided into eight mode groups. On the other hand, the energy proportion of each mode group is regarded as a weight value. Then we can obtain a mean group velocity dispersion value of 50/125 m GI-MMF, which is -2.28710-5 fs2/nm, by calculating the sum of group velocity dispersion weight values of mode groups. The results of spectral compression with different length ratios of 50/125 m GI-MMF to 780HP SMF are also analyzed based on the generalized nonlinear Schrdinger equation and split-step Fourier algorithm. The spectral width of 2.486 nm and the compression ratio of 5.230 are calculated, when the length ratio of 50/125 m GI-MMF to 780HP SMF is 1.2. In the section of experiment, three kinds of GI-MMFs with different core diameters are used in the experiment, the influences of the core diameter and the length ratio of GI-MMF to 780HP SMF on the spectral compression are investigated. The results show that the spectral width of 2.243 nm, corresponding to the compression ratio of 5.796 is obtained, when the length ratio of 50/125 m GI-MMF to 780HP SMF is 1.2, which is consistent with the simulation result. Under the condition of the same length ratio, the use of 105/125 m GI-MMF can raise the compression ratio to 152.941, and the spectral width of output pulse is 0.085 nm. When the pulse is applied to CARS spectrum detection, the theoretical spectral resolution can be 1.386 cm-1. The experimental results show that the spectral compression way to improve spectral resolution of CARS imaging is effective. This spectral compression system is characterized by simple structure, and high and controllable compression ratio, which provides theoretical and experimental basis for the all-fiber high spectral resolution CARS excitation source research.

Coherent-OTDR technology is one of acoustic distributed fiber-sensing systems. Because of the advantages of anti-electric magnetic field interference, anti-corrosion and flexibility, it has been attracting more and more interest. Because the sound pressure is weak, the strain generated on the fiber is tiny and the sensitivity of the sensing system is low. Although many research has been made on expanding measuring distance and improving response frequency, the acoustic signals in the experiments are always replaced by PZT's mechanical stretching. In this work, a device for increasing sensitivity for acoustic in the passive acoustic detection system based on coherent optical time domain reflection (C-OTDR) is promoted. A way of improving sensitivity partly based on a thin-walled corrugated tube was promoted. The thin-walled corrugated tube was used as the element to transmit the energy of acoustic into the vibration of fiber. In section 2, a mathematical model of sensing based on corrugated tube was established. Theoretical result shows that the vibration of fiber is mainly caused by the tube movement along the axis direction. And it also shows the linear relationship between the vibration and the sound pressure. The sensitivity of the improved sensing devices is calculated and a computational formula for sensitivity calculating are also given. In section 3, the C-OTDR acoustic distributed fiber-sensing systems are set up. Fiberring and three types of thin-walled corrugated tubes are used for acoustic sensing. The minimum detection sound pressure level reaches 60.1 dB and the phase sensitivity reaches 2.975 rad/Pa. The experimental phase sensitivity of different sensing devices with different parameters change similarly to the theory results. The experimental results show that the way of improving sensitivity and the mechanical model for calculating sensitivity are effective. This research provides theoretical and experimental basis for further development of distributed optical fiber sensing.

A new wavelength division multiplexing method for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors based on spectrum profile identification is proposed. In this method, FBGs and tilted FBG (TFBG) sensors are cascaded in a single fiber in one sensing channel. The different spectrum profiles enable the cross-correlation method to demodulate the wavelength. Therefore, the different types of sensors can occupy the same central wavelength band. Using this method, the multiplexing capacity is optimized. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of this method and it is useful for applications where large numbers of FBGs are needed.

Aiming at the urgent requirements for refractive index detection in the biological sample detection area, an all-fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system is established in this paper. And the SPR characteristic wavelength demodulation algorithm is proposed for this system based on all-phase filter technique. According to the system simulation, the refractive index sensing sensitivity of the fiber SPR sensor can be calculated theoretically. By using the all-phase filter technique, the characteristic wavelength of the fiber SPR sensor can be extracted, and the theoretically analytical expression of the all-phase filter can be obtained. The experimental results show that the refractive index sensing sensitivity and the detection resolution of the fiber SPR sensor are 1640.4 nm/RIU and 7.3610-4 RIU respectively by using this algorithm. Compared with the traditional methods, our algorithm can improve the detection precision and the anti-light-disturbance performance and reduce the costs as well.

Coupling from tapered fibers into the whispering gallery modes of the optofluidic ring resonator is investigated analytically. By adjusting the taper diameter to match the propagation constant of the mode in the taper with that of the resonant mode of interest, the mode with the best sensing capability can be excited selectively and efficiently.