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Hydrological simulation in karst areas is of great importance and challenge. It is a practical way to enhance the performance of existing hydrological models in karst areas by coupling karst modules that represent hydrological processes in these areas. The near-surface critical zone structure affects runoff generation in karst areas significantly and its complex hydrological processes could be simplified with threshold behaviors. This study proposed a three-thresholds-based karst runoff generation module (3T-KRGM), which used three reservoirs to represent water storage in the soil zone, soil–epikarst interface, and epikarst zone. The 3T-KRGM is coupled with the Xinanjiang (XAJ) model to extend the applicability of the model to karst areas. Both the improved XAJ model and the original XAJ model were used in the Shibantang watershed, which is a typical karst watershed located in southwest China. The results indicate that the performance of daily discharge simulations was obviously improved by introducing the 3T-KRGM. In addition, both the parameter sensitivity analysis and baseflow simulation demonstrate that the 3T-KRGM is rational in structure. The 3T-KRGM could also be easily coupled into other hydrological models, thus benefiting the hydrological simulation in karst areas.

A predictive current control with parameter robustness (PR-PCC) method of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed in this paper. First, a cost function is designed to calculate the increment of the optimal voltage vector at the current instant, which is based on incremental PMSM model. The incremental PMSM model is used to eliminate the influence of the motor flux parameter. Second, the optimal voltage vector that minimizes the cost function is obtained by combining the increment of optimal voltage vector with the idea of iteration. At the same time, a current observer based on the incremental model is designed to compensate the one-step sampling delay. In this way, the feedback current of dq-axis accurately followed the reference current. In comparison with the conventional pulse width modulation predictive current control (PWM-PCC) method, the proposed method can significantly reduce the steady-state error of dq-axis current caused by inductance, flux and resistance parameters mismatch quickly. Finally, experimental results of the proposed method and the conventional PWM-PCC are presented in this paper to verify the validity of the proposed method.

Axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motors (AFPMSMs) have been widely used in wind-power generation, electric vehicles, aircraft, and other renewable-energy applications owing to their high power density, operating efficiency, and integrability. To facilitate comprehensive research on AFPMSM, this article reviews the developments in the research on the design and control optimization of AFPMSMs. First, the basic topologies of AFPMSMs are introduced and classified. Second, the key points of the design optimization of core and coreless AFPMSMs are summarized from the aspects of parameter design, structure design, and material optimization. Third, because efficiency improvement is an issue that needs to be addressed when AFPMSMs are applied to electric or other vehicles, the development status of efficiency-optimization control strategies is reviewed. Moreover, control strategies proposed to suppress torque ripple caused by the small inductance of disc coreless permanent magnet synchronous motors (DCPMSMs) are summarized. An overview of the rotor-synchronization control strategies for disc contra-rotating permanent magnet synchronous motors (CRPMSMs) is presented. Finally, the current difficulties and development trends revealed in this review are discussed.

Traffic lines are transgenic stocks of Arabidopsis thaliana that contain a pair of linked seed-specific eGFP and DsRed markers. These stocks were originally developed for the purpose of studying recombination, but can also be used to follow the inheritance of unmarked chromosomes placed in trans to the marked chromosome. They are particularly useful for this latter purpose if the distance between markers is short, making double recombination within this interval relatively rare. We generated 163 traffic lines that cover the Arabidopsis genome in overlapping intervals of approximately 1.2 Mb (6.9 cM). These stocks make it possible to predict the genotype of a plant based on its seed fluorescence (or lack thereof) and facilitate many experiments in genetic analysis that are difficult, tedious, or expensive to perform using current techniques. Here, we show how these lines enable a phenotypic analysis of alleles with weak or variable phenotypes, genetic mapping of novel mutations, introducing transgenes into a lethal or sterile genetic background, and separating closely linked mutations.

In order to explore the influence of water on the chain reaction characteristics of gas explosion, the 20 L explosion ball experiment and the homogeneous constant volume combustion reactor of CHEMKIN 17.0 simulations were carried out. The gas explosion response under four different water contents was tested and simulated. The effects of water on the pressure, free radicals, and reactants of gas explosion were compared and analyzed. The research results show that the inhibition of water on gas explosion was enhanced with the increase of water fraction in the initial mixture; the temperature, pressure, catastrophic gases such as CO, and concentration of activation centers in the reaction system can be reduced by water; the intensity of gas explosion can be reduced by inhibiting the formation of H, O, and OH free radicals, the main reactants of gas explosion and gas explosion energy.

The spatial-wavenumber filter method can extract the specific mode of the Lamb wave, thereby distinguishing the incident wave and the damage reflection wave. This method has been widely studied for damage imaging. However, the diameter of piezoelectric transducer (PZT) sensor limits the spatial sampling wavenumber of the linear PZT sensor array, which limits the application of this method because of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem. Therefore, the wavenumber filtering range of spatial-wavenumber filter should be less than half of the spatial sampling wavenumber. In this paper, a frequency aliasing based spatial-wavenumber filter for online damage monitoring is proposed. In this method, the wavenumber filtering range is extended to the spatial sampling wavenumber, and two wavenumber results will be calculated as for the frequency aliasing. Subsequently, the wavenumber of the received Lamb wave signal can be obtained according to the average arrival time difference between the two adjacent sensors in the linear PZT sensor array. Finally, the damage is localized using the spatial-wavenumber filter and cruciform PZT sensor array. This method was validated on an epoxy laminate plate. The maximum damage localization errors are less than 2 cm. It is indicated that this method can extend the spatial-wavenumber filtering range to the spatial sampling wavenumber and the application of spatial-wavenumber filter-based online damage monitoring.

Aortic aneurysm formation is associated with endothelial cells dysfunction through an undefined mechanism. Macrophage stimulating 1 (Mst1) and NF-κB signaling pathway have been found to be related to inflammation response in endothelial cell damage. The goal of our study is to explore the role of Mst1 in regulating endothelial cell viability with a focus on NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammation response. Endothelial cell viability and death were determined via immunofluorescence and ELISA. Agonist of NF-κB signaling pathway and siRNA against Mst1 were used. The results in our study demonstrated that Mst1 transcription and expression were significantly elevated after exposure to oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Once loss of Mst1 through transfection of siRNA (si-Mst1), endothelial cell viability and survival rate were rapidly increased in response to oxidative stress. In addition, we also found that Mst1 controlled inflammation response and mitochondrial function in endothelial cells. Re-activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was followed by an activation of inflammation response and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by increased expression of inflammation factors and decreased ATP synthesis. Altogether, our results identify Mst1 as the primary factors responsible for endothelial cells dysfunction in aneurysms formation through inducing inflammation response, endothelial apoptosis, and NF-κB signaling pathway activation.

The variable runoff generation layer concept is proposed based on the new understanding of hillslope hydrological experiments to address the problem of flash flood forecasting in hilly regions. This concept has expanded the depiction of interflow from soil horizon to soil-weathering bedrock interface and provided a unified description of the infiltration excess and the saturation excess runoff and their conversion mechanism by meticulously depicting the formation and development process of interflow. Based on the concept of variable generation layer and the theory of kinematic wave model, the calculation formulas of infiltration excess (Horton), saturation excess (Dunne) surface runoff, and interflow of the unit grid are derived. The nonlinear reservoir method, 2-d diffusion wave equation, and 1-d diffusion wave equation are applied to calculate the groundwater flow, the surface runoff routing, and channel flow routing separately, based on which established the variable runoff generation layer distributed hydrological model (VRGL). The VRGL model is applied to the Tunxi watershed, a typical humid watershed of the hilly region. 24 flood events ranging from 2010 to 2019 were studied, and the results showed that the relative error of the flood peak and the flood volume were both within ±20%, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was around 0.84. It is indicated that the accuracy of the VRGL model is high enough for flash flood forecasting in hilly regions.

Owing to limitations imposed by the experimental requirements, it is difficult to carry out pressure-volume-temperature experiments on CO

The prevalence and transmission of vancomycin-resistant

To improve the safety and economy of aircraft pallet use, an aircraft pallet damage monitoring method based on damage subarea identification and probability-based diagnostic imaging is proposed. In the proposed method, first, the large aircraft pallet monitoring area is divided into rectangular subareas, and a piezoelectric transducer sensor is pasted on each vertex of the rectangular subarea that is used to excitation and sensing the Lamb wave. Second, the damage subarea is identified according to the diagonal damage indexes. Third, the damage position in the damage subarea is calculated using the probability-based diagnostic imaging method and coordinate probability weighted algorithm. Finally, the aircraft pallet damage can be localized based on the damage subarea position. Frequency selection and damage simulation study results show that the Lamb wave is sensitive to aircraft pallet damage whose centre frequency ranges from 50 kHz to 150 kHz, and the damage index of a steel ball is less than that of all real aircraft pallet damage from 95 kHz to 125 kHz. The verification results show that the proposed method can locate aircraft pallet damage with an error of less than 2 cm.

In this paper, by combining the dynamic gain and the self-adaptive neural network, an output feedback fault-tolerant control method was proposed for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems with actuator faults. First, the dynamic gain was introduced and the coordinate transformation of the state variables of the system was performed to design the corresponding state observers. Then, the observer-based output feedback controller was designed through the back-stepping method. The output feedback control method based on the dynamic gain can solve the adaptive fault-tolerant control problem when there are simple nonlinear functions with uncertain parameters in the system. For the more complex uncertain nonlinear functions in the system, in this paper, a single hidden layer neural network was used for compensation and the fault-tolerant control was realized by combining the dynamic gain. Finally, the height and posture control system of the unmanned aerial vehicle with actuator faults was taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The study compared the effects of selected proteins replacing fish meal in low-protein diets on piglets' growth performance, intestinal digestive physiology, and nitrogen digestion and metabolism. Five reduced CP, amino acid (AA)-supplemented diets containing 4% of either S50, HP300, concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein (CDCP), P50, or fish meal were assigned to six pens with 11 pigs for a 28-day study period. Compared with fish meal, dietary proteins did not affect growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, serum hormone levels and biochemical parameters, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and most AA, colonic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents, duodenal and ileal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, and pH in small intestine of piglets. However, HP300, CDCP, and P50 decreased (p < 0.05) fecal N excretion per weight gain. AID of Ile in S50 and HP300 and Glu in P50 were improved (p < 0.05), and AID of Gly in other proteins was reduced (p < 0.05). S50 and P50 lowered (p < 0.05) the contents of colonic isobutyric and isovaleric. S50 and HP300 reduced (p < 0.05) jejunal villus height. CDCP increased (p < 0.05) the pepsin activity in stomach. S50, HP300, and CDCP decreased (p < 0.05) pH in the proximal colon. Overall, the selected proteins could completely replace fish meal in low-protein diet without impairing piglets' growth via maintaining intestinal digestive physiology, and nitrogen digestion and metabolism.

The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content (Exp.1), and apparent or standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (AIDC or SIDC) of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) (Exp.2) in Soyppt-50% (S50), Hamlet Protein 300, (HP300), concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein (CDCP), Palbio 50 RD (P50) and fish meal fed to piglets were estimated. In Exp.1, 36 barrows (10.19 ± 1.35 kg BW) were randomly divided into 6 diets with 6 pigs per diet. A basal diet and 5 diets containing 800 g/kg basal diet and 200 g/kg of each test protein ingredient were prepared. In Exp.2, 38 barrows (12.61 ± 1.45 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 diets with 6 pigs except for N-free diet (n = 8). 5 diets containing each of test protein ingredient as the sole source of AA and a N-free diet were formulated. At the end of the trial, ileal digesta of each pig was collected using the slaughter method. Results indicated that S50 contained more DE (16.28 MJ/kg) (P

The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is considered one of the most promising approaches in the field of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission. Aim at the unbalance of capacitors voltage of sub-modules (SMs) and the defect of conventional sorting capacitors voltage balancing strategy in switching frequency, an optimized sorting capacitors voltage balancing strategy based on dynamic threshold has been proposed in this paper. Firstly, the topology and operation principle of MMC were analyzed. The superiority was shown by comparative analysis of the conventional sorting capacitors voltage balancing strategy and the optimized sorting capacitors voltage balancing strategy based on dynamic threshold next. The dynamic threshold that obtained through the closed-loop control of capacitors voltage unbalance factor can help to reduce the switching loss. Finally, a simulation verification carried out in Matlab/Simulink shown that the proposed optimized strategy can reduce the switching frequency while limiting the capacitor voltage unbalance factor in a feasible range.

In this paper, we study distributed-observer-based fault diagnosis and propose a fault-tolerant control approach for a class of discrete interconnected systems. The distributed fault observers are designed to estimate faults based on the improved fast adaptive fault estimation (FAFE) algorithm. As a result of the improved FAFE algorithm, the constraints which are necessary to the general FAFE algorithm can be reduced while the fault estimation accuracy can be maintained. Based on the online fault estimates, the distributed output feedback controllers are developed to accommodate faults. To solve the observers and controllers, the corresponding algorithms are proposed. Finally, various fault situations are considered in detail in a simulation, and the results verify the accuracy of the theory and method.

L-theanine, a natural nonprotein amino acid with a high biological activity, is reported to exert anti-stress properties. An experiment with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary L-theanine on growth performance and immune function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. A total of 432 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments (control, antibiotic and L-theanine diets) with 2 subgroups of each (6 replicate cages; 12 birds/cage). Birds from each subgroup of the 3 dietary treatments were intra-abdominally injected with the same amount of LPS or saline at 24, 25, 26 d of age. Both dietary L-theanine and antibiotic improved (P

Over the last 27 years (1990-2017), based on the revolutionary progresses of basic nutrition research, novel methods and techniques have been developed which bring a profound technological revolution to pig production from free-range system to intensive farming all over the world. Basic theoretical innovations and feed production studies have provided vital advancements in pig nutrition by developing formula feed, utilizing balanced diets, determining feed energy value, dividing pig physiological stages, enhancing gut health, and improving feed processing technique. Formula feed is the primary contributor of the rise of the mechanized farming industry, and meets comprehensive nutritional needs of the pig. The focuses of the development of a balanced diet by optimizing nutrient levels are the amino acids balance, the balance between amino acids and energy, the balance between calcium and phosphorus. Multiple-site-production and targeted feeding program have been applied extensively. Early weaning of piglets improves production efficiency, but piglets that have not yet fully developed their intestine are prone to diarrhea. Therefore, intestinal health has received special attention in recent years. Feed processing technologies, such as granulation, puffing, fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, can improve the utilization of feed nutrients and reduce production cost. However, increasing a sow's potential for production, seeking alternatives to antibiotics, reducing drug treatment in piglets, developing functional additives and improving meat quality remain future challenges. Herein, we outline the important progresses of pig nutrition in the past 27 years, which will shed light on the basic nutrition rules of pig production, and help to push forward its future development. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

SUPPRESSOR OF PHYB-4#5DOMINANT (sob5-D) was previously identified as a suppressor of the phyB-4 long-hypocotyl phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of SOB5 conferred dwarf phenotypes similar to those observed in plants containing elevated levels of cytokinin (CK) nucleotides and nucleosides. Two SOB-FIVE- LIKE (SOFL) proteins, AtSOFL1 and AtSOFL2, which are more similar at the protein level to each other than they are to SOB5, conferred similar phenotypes to the sob5-D mutant when overexpressed. We used protein sequences of founding SOFL gene family members to perform database searches and identified a total of 289 SOFL homologs in genomes of 89 angiosperm species. Phylogenetic analysis results implied that the SOFL gene family emerged during the expansion of angiosperms and later evolved into four distinct clades. Among the newly identified gene family members are four previously unreported Arabidopsis SOFLs. Multiple sequence alignment of the 289 SOFL protein sequences revealed two highly conserved domains; SOFL-A and SOFL-B. We used overexpression and site-directed mutagenesis studies to demonstrate that SOFL domains are necessary for SOB5 and AtSOFL1’s overexpression phenotypes. Examination of the subcellular localization patterns of founding Arabidopsis thaliana SOFLs suggested they may be localized in the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus. Overall, we report that SOFLs are a plant-specific gene family characterized by two conserved domains that are important for function.

Flood extremes, affected by climate change and intense human activities, exhibit non-stationary characteristics. As a result, the stationarity assumption of traditional flood frequency analysis (FFA) cannot be satisfied. Generally, the impacts of human activities, especially water conservancy projects (i.e., reservoirs), on extreme flood series are much greater than those of climate change; therefore, new FFA methods must be developed to address the non-stationary flood extremes associated with large numbers of reservoirs. In this study, a new sample reconstruction method is proposed to convert the reservoir-influenced annual maximum flow (AMF) series from non-stationary to stationary, thus warranting the feasibility of the traditional FFA approach for non-stationary cases. To be more specifically, a modified reservoir index (MRI(t)) is proposed and the original non-stationary AMF series are converted to stationary series by multiplying by a scalar factor 1/(1 − MRI(t)), and thus traditional FFA can be adopted. Besides, Bayesian theory was applied to analyze the effect of uncertainty on the designed reconstructed AMF. As an example, the proposed method was applied to observations from Huangzhuang station located on the Hanjiang River. The original AMF observations from Huangzhuang displayed nonstationarity for the continuous construction of reservoirs in the basin. After applying the new method of sample reconstruction, the original AMF observations became stationary, and the designed AMFs were estimated using the reconstructed series and compared with those estimated based on the original observation series. In addition, Bayesian theory is adopted to quantify the uncertainty of designed reconstructed AMF and provide the expectation of the sampling distribution.

Due to the increase of human indoor activity time, indoor positioning technology attracts more and more researchers. This paper presents an orientation-independent indoor magnetic localization methodology for mobile phone. Unlike the existing method, the localization method proposed in this paper is not affected by phone posture or heading. Through coordinate transformation and sensor ellipsoid fitting correction, an invariable horizontal-vertical model fingerprint of specific location can be acquired. With the assistance of particle filter, an indoor positioning method with 0 ~ 1.2 m accuracy can be realized from any start position. Compared with existing methods, this method has higher practicability and accuracy

The comfort of the indoor environment greatly affects the work efficiency of the personnel. Although “sensation” is a fuzzy conceptualization of ‘satisfaction with the thermal environment’, it is frequently used as a measure for evaluating thermal comfort. Therefore, this is an innovation that the fuzzy rule classifier is used for modeling the thermal prediction based on the ambiguity of the data itself. This paper applies the fuzzy rule classifier to model the thermal prediction based on the PR-821 dataset. The simulation results show that the model has over-fitting but it can be solved by processing the data by SMOTEENN algorithm. The prediction accuracy of the improved model is greatly improved. Compared with other algorithms (CART, C4.5, Adaboost), the results show that the fuzzy rule classifier has a better predictive effect on thermal sensation.

We have developed an environmentally benign and practical protocol for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2- a ]quinoxalines, which represent ubiquitous structural units common to a number of biologically active compounds. This synthetic system features simple operation and using clean oxidant, as well as mild reaction conditions. Both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes can be used for the reaction and the products were obtained in good to excellent yields.

Developing seedlings are well equipped to alter their growth in response to external factors in order to maximize their chances of survival. SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME B4-#3 (SOB3) and other members of the AT-HOOK MOTIF CONTAINING NUCLEAR LOCALIZED (AHL) family of transcription factors modulate the development of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by repressing hypocotyl elongation in young seedlings growing in light. However, the molecular mechanism behind how AHLs influence seedling development is largely unknown. We have identified genes associated with auxin-mediated hypocotyl elongation as downstream targets of SOB3. We found that YUCCA8 (YUC8) as well as members of the SMALL AUXIN UP-REGULATED RNA19 (SAUR19) subfamily were down-regulated in the short-hypocotyl, gain-of-function SOB3-D mutant and up-regulated in the dominant-negative, tall-hypocotyl sob3-6 mutant. SOB3-D and sob3-6 hypocotyls also exhibited altered sensitivity to the polar auxin transport inhibitor N-1-napthylphthalamic acid, suggesting a critical connection between auxin and the modulation of seedling elongation by SOB3. Finally, we found that overexpression of GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN-SAUR19 in the SOB3-D line partially rescued defects in hypocotyl elongation, and SOB3 bound directly to the promoters of YUC8 and SAUR19 subfamily members. Taken together, these data indicate that SOB3 modulates hypocotyl elongation in young seedlings by directly repressing the transcription of genes associated with auxin signaling.

In this paper, a data-driven power transformer anomaly detection method is presented. For transformers with multiple working states and nonlinearity of data, adaptive kernel fuzzy C-means clustering (KFCM) algorithm is used to cluster sample data, each class corresponds to a working state. Then, the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is used to obtain projection matrices and anomaly detection limits of various classes. A method for online update of sample data is designed in this paper. Finally, the measured data of the power transformer is used for experiment, and the results are compared with the results obtained by using the conventional KPCA algorithm. The experimental results prove the correctness and effectiveness of the method in this paper.

Gradient descent optimization algorithm is very important in deep learning. In order to obtain a more stable convergence process and reduce overfitting in multiple epochs, we propose an improved Adagrad gradient descent optimization algorithm in this paper. Our approach is tested both on the Reuters dataset and the IMDB dataset with many gradient descent optimization algorithms. The results show that our approach has a more stable convergence process and can reduce overfitting in multiple epochs.

LED visible light communication indoor positioning method based on the mobile phone at any horizontal orientation angle. The system includes a single LED downlight, a mobile phone orientation sensor, a mobile phone front single camera and a positioning system. The steps include: the orientation sensor of the handset is used to measure the orientation of the handset in the horizontal direction; the developed camera is used to call the front camera of the handset to record the LED downlight image; and the image is processed and decoded to obtain the ID information of the LED downlight, which is the three-dimensional position coordinates information of the downlight in the indoor space. Take the previously obtained information including the handset horizontal orientation and downlight ID information into the developed indoor positioning method to obtain the real-time accurate position of the mobile phone. The positioning method is simple and easy to operate. The mobile phone can be accurately positioned in real time at any horizontal orientation angle just by using the front camera of mobile phone in the case of just a single LED downlight. This method overcomes the problem that even if the position of the camera is kept unchanged, the positioning result of the mobile phone is different due to the difference of the horizontal orientation of the mobile phone. This method is more feasible and accurate.

As technology advances, wireless charging system of electric vehicles(EVs) based on magnetic resonance becomes prevalent. A novel parameter identification method of primary side compensation capacitance and coil inductance in wireless charging system is proposed. According to the typical resonance equivalent circuit of wireless charging system, current effective value equation of primary side is established. And then, based on the current effective value equation, input signal frequency constraint equation of current extremum is established. By detecting primary side real-time current and using Fourier transform on primary side transient current waveform, two characteristic quantities are extracted. Finally, unknown parameters (primary side capacitance and inductance) in both equations are identified utilizing the adaptive particle swarm optimization. The simulation results show that the method proposed is feasible and the identification accuracy is high.

Most state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods are specific to detecting anomaly for pedestrians and cannot work without adequate normal training videos. Recently, there is a growing demand for detecting anomalous vehicles in traffic surveillance videos. However, the biggest challenge in this task is the lack of labeled datasets for training supervised models. By examining the resemblances of anomalous vehicles, we find it reasonable to label a vehicle as anomaly if it stays still in the video for a relatively long time. Utilizing this property, in this paper we introduce a novel unsupervised anomaly detection method for traffic surveilliance based on background modeling, which shows great potentials in handling heterogeneous scenes as well as extremely low resolution videos recordings without the dependence on labeled data. In the proposed system, we first employ background modeling using MOG2 to remove the moving vehicles as foreground while keeping the stopped vehicles as part of the background. Then we use Faster R-CNN to detect vehicles in the extracted background and decide if they are new anomalies under certain conditions. All information is updated on a frame basis until the end of the video which contains the final results. In this way, we make full use of the characteristics that abnormal vehicles stay in the scene for a relatively long time and reduce the difficulty of vehicle anomaly detection. Eventually, we can detect almost every anomaly in the NVIDIA AI CITY CHALLENGE track-2 dataset except for several extremely complex cases with a 81.08% F1-score and 10.2369 RMSE.

A collective asymmetric total synthesis of lundurines A–C using l-pyroglutamic acid derived from the chiral pool is described. The key steps include a tandem reductive amination/lactamization sequence to introduce the pyrrolidinone ring, a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular direct C–H vinylation of indole to construct the crucial polyhydroazocine ring, and a Lewis acid promoted formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition/N2 extrusion process to install the polysubstituted cyclopropyl ring.

SUPPRESSOR OF PHYB-4#5DOMINANT (sob5-D) was previously identified as a suppressor of the phyB-4 long-hypocotyl phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of SOB5 conferred dwarf phenotypes similar to those observed in plants containing elevated levels of cytokinin (CK) nucleotides and nucleosides. Two SOB-FIVE- LIKE (SOFL) proteins, AtSOFL1 and AtSOFL2, which are more similar at the protein level to each other than they are to SOB5, conferred similar phenotypes to the sob5-D mutant when overexpressed. We used protein sequences of founding SOFL gene family members to perform database searches and identified a total of 289 SOFL homologs in genomes of 89 angiosperm species. Phylogenetic analysis results implied that the SOFL gene family emerged during the expansion of angiosperms and later evolved into four distinct clades. Among the newly identified gene family members are four previously unreported Arabidopsis SOFLs. Multiple sequence alignment of the 289 SOFL protein sequences revealed two highly conserved domains; SOFL-A and SOFL-B. We used overexpression and site-directed mutagenesis studies to demonstrate that SOFL domains are necessary for SOB5 and AtSOFL1’s overexpression phenotypes. Examination of the subcellular localization patterns of founding Arabidopsis thaliana SOFLs suggested they may be localized in the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus. Overall, we report that SOFLs are a plant-specific gene family characterized by two conserved domains that are important for function.

During mammalian development, some methylated cytosines (5mC) in CG dinucleotides are iteratively oxidized by TET dioxygenases to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). The effect of these cytosine oxidative products on the sequence-specific DNA binding of transcription factors is being actively investigated. Here, we used the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to examine C/EBPα and C/EBPβ homodimers binding to all 25 chemical forms of a CG dinucleotide for two DNA sequences: the canonical C/EBP 8-mer TTGC|GCAA and the chimeric C/EBP|CRE 8-mer TTGC|GTCA. 5hmC in the CG dinucleotide in the C/EBP|CRE motif 8-mer TGAC|GCAA inhibits binding of C/EBPβ but not C/EBPα. Binding was increased by 5mC, 5fC and 5caC. Circular dichroism monitored thermal denaturations for C/EBPβ bound to the C/EBP|CRE motif confirmed the EMSA. The structural differences between C/EBPα and C/EBPβ that may account for the difference in binding 5hmC in the 8-mer TGAC|GCAA are explored.

The methane uptakes of six double halogen substituted covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based on COF-102 were simulated with grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation at 298 K and pressure ranges from 1 to 80 bar. The simulation shows that COF-102-1,4-2I reaches the DOE target of 180 V(STP)/V for methane delivery. The current study highlights the correlation between the structure and the adsorption property of the double halogen substituted COF-102. In COF-102-1,4-2I, the triangle arrangement of the six I atoms around the central B3O3 ring brings close contact between I atom and B3O3 ring, and thus enhances the attraction of CH4 with high CH4 density in the vicinity above and below this region, especially in particular adsorption sites. Such favorable structural arrangement, altogether with the strongest I–CH4 attraction among the halogen substituent in this study, gives the highest isosteric heat as well as the CH4 uptakes at 298 K and 35 bar in the hypobaric region. The result in this study demonstrates t...

The three-phase current source inverter has the characteristics of accurate current control, high dynamic response speed and strong current limiting ability, and the DC side voltage can be adjusted from zero. In this paper, the three-phase current source inverter topology is studied, the mathematical model of the converter is established in the three-phase static coordinate system and two-phase rotating coordinate system, and get the equivalent circuit in two coordinates. The current modulation method including SPWM and SVPWM is studied. A new type of system control strategy based on two-phase rotating coordinate system is proposed. The simulation model of the whole system is established by PSIM. The results show that the proposed new control strategy is correct and feasible.

Taking double stage type three phase photovoltaic grid-connected generation system as the research object, the equivalent model of photovoltaic cells, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology and the control strategy of three-phase grid connected inverter are analyzed in this paper. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, the double closed-loop vector control of the double stage type three-phase grid-connected inverter and the MPPT method based on T-S fuzzy neural network are studied deeply, and the relevant simulation and experimental research are carried out. The experimental results show that the new grid-connected control strategy can make the grid-connected system run with high power factor, high efficiency and low total harmonic distortion, and the grid-to-network voltage and current distortion is low, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the control strategy.

With the popularity of the concept of green energy, reducing the harmonic pollution of power equipment to power grid has become an important research topic in the field of power electronics. This paper takes three-phase current-source PWM rectifier system as the research object, and it presents a current-source PWM pulse signal tri-logic control method, and puts forward a pre-modulation method. Then the topology of the system is studied and a new equivalent model is proposed. After that the closed-loop control strategy of the system is studied, and a PI tuning method is obtained. Finally, the control strategy is simulated by PSIM and the experimental platform is set up for experimental verification.