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Table S1: Major and trace elements geochemistry of whole-rock samples from the Fe-mineralized and barren dioritic intrusions in the Laiwu district. Table S2: Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of whole-rock samples from the Fe-mineralized and barren plutons in the Laiwu district. Table S3: Major and trace element compositions of amphibole from the Fe-mineralized and barren plutons in the Laiwu district. Table S4: U-Pb age data and trace elements of zircon from the Fe-mineralized and barren plutons in the Laiwu district. Table S5: Major and trace elements of apatite from the Fe-mineralized and barren plutons in the Laiwu district. Figure S1: Hand specimens of diorites were collected from the Kuangshan (A), Jiaoyu (B), Jinniushan (C), and Tietonggou plutons (D). Figure S2: CL images of representative zircons from the Kuangshan (A), Jiaoyu (B), Jinniushan (C), and Tietonggou diorite (D). Scale bar is 100 μm. Figure S3: U-Pb Concordia diagrams of zircons from the Kuangshan (A), Jiaoyu (B), Jinniushan (C), and Tietonggou plutons (D). The insets in each diagram are the weighted mean 206Pb/238U age. Figure S4: Selected oxide element Harker’s plots for the Fe-mineralized and barren plutons 20 in the Laiwu district.

Gold deposits in Precambrian cratons were mostly generated during the formation and stabilization of the cratons, but the North China craton is unusual in that its gold deposits were mainly formed ∼1.7 b.y. after its stabilization. A magmatic-hydrothermal origin or mantle-derived fluid source has been proposed for the giant gold deposits of the Jiaodong District in the eastern North China craton, but direct evidence is sparse, and the mineralization processes remain controversial. Here, we present the results of a comprehensive geological, geochronological, and geochemical study of the gold mineralized Xiejia diorite beneath the Linglong ore field at Jiaodong to link the gold mineralization to underlying magmatism. Magmatic zircon and titanite grains from the Xiejia diorite have laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb ages of 121.3 ± 0.9 Ma to 120.8 ± 1.1 Ma and 121.7 ± 3.9 Ma, respectively, which are indistinguishable from the time of gold deposition throughout the Jiaodong District as constrained by previous studies. The diorite has a shoshonitic composition and is characterized by strong enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) along with significant depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). Samples of the diorite have high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, but low εNd(t) and ɛHf(t) values and low Pb isotope ratios. These geochemical characteristics are akin to those of contemporaneous mafic dikes in most gold mines at Jiaodong, indicating that the Xiejia diorite was most likely derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. The upper part of the diorite intrusion is pervasively altered and mineralized, containing an average of 0.32 g/t Au, but locally up to 7.59 g/t. Hydrothermal titanite from the mineralized diorite has a LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of 122.3 ± 4.3 Ma, which is consistent with the gold-bearing pyrite Re-Os isochron age of 122.5 ± 6.7 Ma. Ore-related sericite aggregates from the Dongfeng gold deposit above the Xiejia diorite have a 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 122.6 ± 1.3 Ma. Pyrite from the mineralized diorite yielded δ34SCDT values of 2.1‰−9.7‰, which are comparable with those of pyrite (δ34SCDT = 5.8‰−8.1‰, where CDT indicates the Canyon Diablo troilite standard) from gold ores of Dongfeng. Pyrite grains from both groups also have similar Pb isotope compositions. The S and Pb isotope data are consistent with values of mafic dikes that are spatially and temporally associated with gold veins in the Linglong ore field. The results presented here thus indicate a possible genetic link between gold mineralization in the Xiejia diorite and underlying magma presumably represented by the Xiejia diorite. The auriferous fluids exsolved from that magma and migrated upward along the Potouqing fault to form the Dongfeng gold deposit above the Xiejia diorite. The mineralized diorite thus links shallow gold mineralization to deep-seated mantle-derived magmatism generated during the extensive destruction of the North China craton induced by the rollback of the subducted paleo-Pacific plate.

The North China craton was stabilized in the late Paleoproterozoic but experienced significant removal of ancient lithospheric keel in the late Mesozoic that resulted in the formation of numerous world-class gold deposits with combined reserves of more than 7000 t of gold. However, it remains uncertain whether the North China craton contains older gold deposits formed during generation and final stabilization of the craton. Here, we show that the Shanggong gold deposit (105 t Au at 5.31 g/t) on the southern margin of the North China craton formed in the late Paleoproterozoic during the collision between the Eastern and Western blocks that led to formation of the Trans–North China orogen and final stabilization of the craton. The Shanggong deposit is hosted in amphibolite-facies rocks of the Neoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic Taihua Group and overlying volcanic rocks of the late Paleoproterozoic Xiong’er Group. Gold mineralization is structurally controlled by NE-striking faults and occurs in four segments: the Liuxiugou, Hugou, Shanggong, and Qiliping segments. The ores consist mainly of quartz-ankeritesulfide stockworks and sulfide disseminations in hydrothermally altered wall rocks. Gold is mostly contained in arsenian pyrite that is variably associated with minor sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite. Ore-related alteration assemblages comprise mainly quartz, ankerite, K-feldspar, sericite, and tourmaline. Both the stockworks and mineralized alteration assemblages contain hydrothermal accessory minerals, including monazite, apatite, and rutile. Paragenetic relations and textural data show that these accessory phases precipitated synchronously with gold-bearing sulfides. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry spot analyses of monazite and apatite from the Shanggong segment yielded reproducible U-Pb dates of 1747 ± 20 Ma (2σ, mean square of weighted deviates [MSWD] 0.46) and 1788 ± 200 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 11.3), respectively. These dates are indistinguishable within errors from an apatite U-Pb date of 1743 ± 79 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 1.6) at the Liuxiugou segment and a rutile U-Pb date of 1804 ± 52 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.77) at the Hugou segment. These new dates suggest that the Shanggong deposit formed at ca. 1.80–1.74 Ga, coeval with or immediately after formation of the Trans–North China orogen and final stabilization of the North China craton. Sulfides from the Shanggong gold deposit have δ34S values ranging from −18.5‰ to −6.9‰, whereas the coexisting ankerite has δ13CPDB of −6.81‰ to −1.61‰ and δ18OSMOW of 15.70‰–17.62‰. The stable isotope data are distinctively different from values of the Early Cretaceous gold deposits in the southern North China craton, indicating contrasting hydrothermal systems responsible for these two categories of gold deposits. The results presented here, combined with independent geologic evidence, allow Shanggong to be the first confirmed Paleoproterozoic orogenic gold deposit in the North China craton. Recognition of Paleoproterozoic orogenic gold mineralization provides significant new insights into the gold metallogeny of the well-endowed North China craton and has implications for future gold exploration along the three Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts in this craton.

(Ti0.25V0.25Nb0.25Ta0.25)(C1-xNx) high-entropy ceramics with various N contents (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were successfully produced by spark plasma sintering to investigate the influence of N element on their microstructure and properties. The mixed carbide and nitride powders were sintered to form a single-phase face-centered cubic structure ceramic with a uniform composition at 2100 °C for 10 min. The introduction of slight nitrides in high-entropy ceramics refined the grain size and enhanced the hardness of ceramics. The (Ti0.25V0.25Nb0.25Ta0.25) (C0.8N0.2) ceramic demonstrated a fine grain size of 5.29 μm, a high relative density of 96.7% and an excellent hardness values of 20.6 GPa at 9.8 N and 29.3 GPa at 50 mN. With increasing contents of nitrides, the wear resistance and thermal conductivity of high-entropy ceramics increased firstly and then decreased. The ceramic with 30 at.% nitrides showed a relatively low thermal conductivity of 11.27 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature. The high-entropy carbonitride ceramics had a potential application in high temperature structure parts and machining tools.

To improve the grinding precision and efficiency of diamond abrasives in slurries, a new type of porous diamonds was prepared by the thermochemical corrosion method. Fe, Fe2O3 and Fe/Fe2O3 were separately used as corrosive agent to explore formation mechanism of porous diamond. The results showed that Fe began to graphitize diamond at 800 °C, whereas Fe2O3 began to oxidize diamond at 700 °C. Neither was able to individually corrode the diamonds into a porous structure. Impressively, it was when a mixture of Fe and Fe2O3 powders was used as the corrosive agent that the diamonds were able to take on a porous structure. Compared to ordinary diamonds, the porous diamonds produced in our study had outstanding advantages of high specific surface area and larger pore volume, which resulted in the porous diamonds having remarkable self-sharpening properties. Grinding contrast experiments were conducted on sapphire substrates using ordinary diamonds slurry and porous diamonds slurry. Notably, when porous diamonds were used as a grinding agent in the slurry, the sapphire substrate removal rate remarkably increased by 26%, and the surface roughness (Ra) of the sapphire substrate significantly decreased by 31%. In this paper, a simple and robust method was proposed to fabricate diamonds with a novel structure, which may help to reduce the surface grinding damage inflicted on hard and brittle materials and improve the quality of processed surfaces and grinding efficiency.

The Qinling Orogen is a composite orogenic belt that can be subdivided into the North and South Qinling, broadly separated by the Shangdan suture zone. These two orogenic belts were generated by subduction-collisional processes in the Early Paleozoic and Late Triassic, respectively. During the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the eastern portion of the Qinling Orogen was tectonically reactivated due to westerly subduction of the Izanagi plate underneath the East China continental margin. The Qinling Orogen is well-endowed with numerous Au, Mo, Ag-Pb-Zn deposits that predominantly formed in the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous, with rare Paleozoic varieties documented. In this study, we present garnet and zircon U-Pb dating results to show that the Huoshenmiao iron skarn deposit in the Tongbai area of North Qinling orogenic belt formed in the Early Silurian and is genetically related to subduction-related magmatism. The Huoshenmiao deposit consists of lenticular and stratiform orebodies that contain massive or densely disseminated magnetite variably associated with garnet, diopside, epidote, hornblende, and actinolite. Garnets from iron ores are andradite and grossular in composition (Ad83.1Gr13.3-Ad86.5Gr10.2) and characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements (ΣLREE=57.85–103.82 ppm) and depletion in heavy rare earth elements (ΣHREE=5.50–11.34 ppm), with significantly positive Eu and Ce anomalies (δEu of 1.09–1.89 and δCe of 1.39–1.69). These compositional signatures are distinctly different from those of garnets in the ore-hosting metamorphic rocks that are typically dominated by almandine, spessartine and grossular (Al47.4Sp30.4Gr13.8-Al51.9Sp24.8Gr17.6), depleted in LREE (0.14–0.69 ppm), enriched in HREE (95.68–841.60 ppm) and have pronounced negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.24–0.51). In addition, garnets from iron ores of the Huoshenmiao deposit contain abundant daughter mineral-bearing, multiphase fluid inclusions, further confirming their hydrothermal origin. Two samples of those hydrothermal garnets yield U-Pb dates of 437±9 Ma and 437±10 Ma (2σ), revealing a Paleozoic mineralization event that has long been ignored and rarely documented. These garnet dates agree well with zircon U-Pb dates of 438±4 Ma to 436±3 Ma for a gabbroic diorite and 430±4 Ma for a granite intrusion in close proximity of the mine, supporting a possible genetic link between the iron mineralization and Early Silurian magmatism. The Paleozoic intrusions are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs: Ba, K, Sr) and LREEs, depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs: Nb, Ta, P, Ti), have whole-rock (87Sr/86Sr)i, eNd(t), and zircon eHf(t) values of 0.7039–0.7042, 3.32–4.33, and 13.0–14.9, respectively. These geochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that the Paleozoic intrusions were affiliated with arc magmatism triggered by subduction of the Shangdan oceanic plate in the Early Paleozoic. Recognition of the Silurian Huoshenmiao iron skarn deposit opens a new window for exploration of Paleozoic mineral resources in the Tongbai area and other portions of the North Qinling Orogen.

The ages of Carlin-type gold deposits in the Golden Triangle of South China have long been questioned due to the general lack of minerals unequivocally linked to gold deposition that can be precisely dated using conventional radiogenic isotope techniques. Recent advances in U-Pb methods show that calcite can be used to constrain the ages of hydrothermal processes, but few studies have been applied to ore deposits. Herein, we show that this approach can be used to constrain the timing of hydrothermal activity that generated and overprinted the giant Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit in the Golden Triangle. Three stages of calcite (Cal-1, Cal-2, and Cal-3) have been recognized in this deposit based on crosscutting relationships, cathodoluminescence colors, and chemical (U, Pb, and rare earth element [REE]) and isotope (C, O, Sr) compositions. Cal-1 is texturally associated with ore-stage jasperoid and disseminated Au-bearing arsenian pyrite in hydrothermally altered carbonate rocks, which suggests it is synmineralization. Cal-2 fills open spaces and has a distinct orange cathodoluminescence, suggesting that it precipitated during a second fluid pulse. Cal-1 and Cal-2 have similar carbonate rock-buffered chemical and isotopic compositions. Cal-3 occurs in veins that often contain realgar and/or orpiment and are chemically (low U, Pb, and REE) and isotopically (higher δ13C, lower δ18O and Sri values) distinct from Cal-1 and Cal-2, suggesting that it formed from a third fluid. U-Pb isotope analyses, by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for U-rich Cal-1 and Cal-2 and by LA-multicollector (MC)-ICP-MS for U-poor Cal-3, yield well-defined age constraints of 204.3 to 202.6, 191.9, and 139.3 to 137.1 Ma for Cal-1, Cal-2, and Cal-3, respectively. These new ages suggest that the Shuiyindong gold deposit formed in the late Triassic and was overprinted by hydrothermal events in the early Jurassic and early Cretaceous. Given the association of Cal-3 with orpiment and realgar, and previous geochronologic studies of several other major gold deposits in the Golden Triangle, we infer that the latest stage of calcite may be associated with an early Cretaceous regional gold metallogenic event. Combined with existing isotopic ages in the region, these new ages lead us to propose that Carlin-type gold deposits in the Golden Triangle formed during two metallogenic episodes in extensional settings, associated with the late Triassic Indochina orogeny and early Cretaceous paleo-Pacific plate subduction. This study shows that the calcite U-Pb method can be used to constrain the timing of Carlin-type gold deposits and successive hydrothermal events.

Background Ruai-sanyin formula (RASYF) is composed of a variety of anticancer herbs. It is widely used in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and has proved to inhibit tumor growth and lung metastasis in animal models, but there is no evidence for clinical application in the real world. Methods We conducted this prospective cohort study at 5 research centers in China from November 2016 to December 2018. RASYF was set as an exposure factor. TNBC patients within 3 months after completion of standard adjuvant treatment were included. The exposed group received RASYF treatment, while the non-exposed group received observation. The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary end points included, overall survival (OS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), QLQ-BR23 assesses quality of life in patients and adverse events. Results A total of 613 eligible patients with operable TNBC were enrolled, of which 588 were included in the Full Protocol Set. At a median follow-up of 48 months, DFS time was longer in those assigned to RASYF compared with observation (3-year DFS, 89.6% vs. 83.5%, [HR = 0.61, 95%CI (0.39-0.95)]; P = 0.03). Similar outcomes were observed for RFS (3-year RFS, 92.1% vs. 85.9%, HR = 0.55, [95% CI, 0.34-0.91]; P = 0.02). However, there was no statistically significant difference in OS and DDFS between the groups. In exploratory subgroup analysis, RASYF benefits were greater in patients with age under the 40 (3-year DFS, 88.4% vs. 76.1%, [HR = 0.45, 95%CI (0.21-0.95)]; P = 0.03). And RASYF is helpful to the improvement of postoperative quality of life. Comparing to the observation group, RASYF increased the mean CFB of BR23 scores in body image (12.34 vs. 8.76, P = 0.03)，sexual function (11.79 vs. 9.23, P P= 0.04), and decreased the scores of systemic therapy side effects (-12.41 vs. -9.24, P = 0.01). Safety analysis showed that RASYF caused major adverse reactions including impaired liver function (4.0%) and stomach pain (6.1%), but the overall security is controllable. Conclusion RASYF supplementation for 2 years after standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has certain clinical significance in preventing recurrence and metastasis and improving the quality of life of patients with early TNBC. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03332368 Registered 6 November, 2017 (retrospectively registered)

Dongping is the largest Au-Te vein deposit (~120 t Au) in the North China craton, but its age, origin, and setting remain unsolved. Here, we integrate paragenesis, geochemistry, and in situ U-Pb geochronology of garnet to constrain the timing and possible origin of the Dongping Au-Te deposit. Gold mineralization at Dongping is hosted in the Shuiquangou alkaline complex (ca. 401–390 Ma) and dominated by quartz-sulfide veins with minor ores in adjacent alteration envelopes. Andradite to grossular garnets are recognized in pre-, syn-, and post-ore quartz veins as well as mineralized alteration envelopes and are closely associated with a variety of ore and gangue minerals, mainly including K-feldspar, quartz, specularite, magnetite, pyrite, tellurides, epidote, and calcite. The paragenetic, textural, fluid inclusion, and compositional data suggest that garnets precipitated directly from a low-salinity fluid at 302° to 383°C and 90 to 330 bar. Garnets from various veins and alteration envelopes have similar U contents ranging from 0.80 to 13.89 mg/kg and yield reproducible U-Pb dates of 142 ± 5 to 139 ± 6 Ma (1σ) by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry. The dating results suggest that gold mineralization at Dongping occurred in the Early Cretaceous and thus preclude a genetic link between Au-Te mineralization and the ore-hosting alkaline intrusion as commonly suggested. When combined with independent geologic, geochemical, and geochronological studies, the new garnet U-Pb dates allow us to classify the Dongping Au-Te deposit as an oxidized intrusion-related gold deposit, with the causative magma likely derived from melting of an ancient enriched lithospheric mantle source due to destruction of the subcontinental lithospheric keel beneath the North China craton—a catastrophic event induced by the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate. This study highlights garnet U-Pb dating as a potential robust geochronometer for gold vein deposits elsewhere.

Gold (Au) is largely hosted by pyrite in a variety of hydrothermal systems, but the incorporation of Au into pyrite under disequilibrium conditions remains poorly understood. We integrate synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, and laser ablation–multicollector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to constrain the processes that sequester Au into zoned pyrite in the hydrothermal cement of breccia ores from the world-class Daqiao orogenic Au deposit, central China. Euhedral pyrite cores with oscillatory and sector zoning, variable δ34S values, and lower Au-As contents than the mantles are attributed to crystallization during oxidation of metal-depleted ore fluids with local variation in fluid conditions. The isotopically uniform colloform mantles are formed by pyrite crystallites separated by low-angle boundaries and are characterized by unusual decoupling of Au and As. Mantle formation is attributed to rapid disequilibrium precipitation from a metal-rich FeS2-supersaturated fluid. Incorporation of Au into the pyrite mantles was facilitated by abundant lattice defects produced by rapid nucleation. Gold-As–poor pyrite rims were deposited from an evolved ore fluid or other metal-depleted fluids. These results show that chemical variations recorded by fine layering within minerals can provide valuable insights into disequilibrium mass transfer and ore formation. The decoupling between Au and As in pyrite mantles indicates that As is not always a reliable proxy for Au enrichment in rapidly crystallized porous pyrite.

Blending effect of color blended yarns, which plays a critical important role to the fabrics styles, is affected by yarn structure, spinning processes, and blending methods. In this study, color blended viscose yarns were produced by compact ring spinning, rotor spinning and air-jet vortex spinning with single-passage and three-passage color-blended slivers. The blending effect of these yarns was evaluated by Hamilton transfer index. Additionally, yarn performance was tested, compared and analyzed, including strength, hairiness and evenness. Results show that the blending effect of the rotor spun yarns is the best with both types of slivers. Even though such yarns have wrap fibers on the surface like the air-jet vortex yarns, the yarn structures are different. Compared to the tightly wrapped fiber on the rotor-spun yarns, wrapped fibers form a shield on core fibers of the air-jet vortex yarns. Among the three types of yarns, compact ring yarns have higher mean value of evenness and its value also changes with the passage number of sliver, yarn linear density and the spinning method. Hairiness of air-jet vortex yarn is the lowest, followed by rotor spun yarn and then the compact ring-spinning yarn. While physical performance such as tenacity, breaking elongation, and break work of compact-ring-spinning yarns are the greatest among the three types of yarns.

The eastern Kunlun Orogen hosts numerous granitoid intrusions and associated intermediate-mafic bodies, that bear significant information on the tectonic evolution of this orogenic belt and the genesis of many ore deposits (e.g., Xiarihamu Ni Co sulfide deposit), but the timing and petrogenesis of these rocks remain not well understood. In this contribution, the petrogenesis of representative Silurian-Devonian granites and associated intermediate-mafic rocks at Wulonggou, Xiarihamu and Kayakedengtage has been investigated. Zircon U Pb dating results reveal that these intrusions were emplaced over a period of ~50 million years (m.y.) from 427 Ma to 382 Ma. Syenogranites at Wulonggou and Xiarihamu as well as quartz monzonites and porphyritic monzogranites at Kayakedengtage have characters of metaluminous A2-type granites. Whole-rock Sr Nd isotope data indicate that Syenogranites at Wulonggou (427–414 Ma) and Xiarihamu (396–391 Ma) were probably derived from earlier calc-alkaline I-type diorite-granodiorite, whereas quartz monzonites (ca. 424 Ma) and porphyritic monzogranites (ca. 421 Ma) at Kayakedengtage were most likely produced by partial melting of Early Paleozoic granulites. Monzogranites (394 Ma) and granodiorites (397 Ma) at Kayakedengtage and dolerites (426 Ma) from Wulonggou are characterized by positive eNd(t) values, indicative of a depleted mantle origin. The formation of voluminous A2-type granites with mafic rocks from the asthenosphere since 427 Ma occurred immediately after the subduction, supporting a post-collisional setting and a slab break-off model. The extensive magmatism coupled with asthenospheric upwelling and rapid orogenic uplift suggests two large-scale extension events at 427–414 Ma and 403–380 Ma in the orogen. The 411–406 Ma Xiarihamu Ni Co sulfide deposit formed during relatively weak lithospheric extension and asthenospheric upwelling between these two extensional events. These results together with 373–357 Ma metaluminous A2-type syenogranites and I-type granodiorites at Qimantagh suggest a prolonged (~70 m.y.) and episodic post-collisional extension in the orogen, which was controlled by cyclic asthenospheric upwelling.

Lode gold deposits, which are currently the world’s major gold supply, have been shown to be generated mostly by phase separation of metamorphic fluids and/or interaction between these fluids and wall rocks. Here we use garnet oxygen isotopes by secondary ion mass spectrometry to document the crucial role of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and their mixing with meteoric water in the formation of the world-class Dongping gold deposit in the North China Craton. Garnet grains from quartz veins of various paragenetic stages and the mineralized alteration envelope at Dongping have dynamic δ18O variations of 3.8 to −11.0‰, with large intragrain fluctuations up to 5.3‰. These values correspond to calculated δ18O values of 6.1 to −9.1‰ for the hydrothermal fluids from which the garnet formed. The isotope data, notably the cyclic alternation in δ18O within individual garnet grains, are best interpreted to reflect multiple pulses of magmatically derived fluids and subsequent mixing of each pulse with variable amounts of meteoric water. The results presented here allow us to quantify the significant interplay between magmatic hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water that spanned the entire mineralization history and triggered gold deposition of a lode gold deposit. This study highlights the potential use of in situ oxygen isotope analysis of garnet in tracing the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids in the Earth’s crust that may have formed other giant ore deposits.

Clinopyroxene is a common phase in a variety of hydrothermal ore deposits, notably in skarn deposits where it typically occurs as a major constituent. It commonly displays variations in texture and composition due to changing physicochemical conditions and contains relatively high concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs), making it an important petrogenetic indicator. In this study, we integrate textural and geochemical investigations of clinopyroxene from the Baijian Fe skarn deposit (eastern China) to constrain the evolution of ore-forming fluids and provide significant new insights into partitioning of REEs between the clinopyroxene and hydrothermal fluids. In the Baijian Fe skarn, endoskarn clinopyroxene is typically zoned with homogeneous Fe-poor cores and oscillatory zoned Fe-rich rims. The rims are also enriched in Na, Co, Ni, and V and contain primary fluid inclusions with high salinities of 57.7–61.2 wt.% NaCl equiv. The compositional differences between the cores and rims reflect a transition from dilute, Fe-poor fluids to saline, Fe-rich components, likely a result of fluid boiling. In the exoskarn, early formed Fe-poor clinopyroxene is commonly replaced with Fe-rich clinopyroxene through fluid-assisted, coupled dissolution-reprecipitation processes. Overall, the textural features and compositional variations of clinopyroxene reflect a transition from early diffusive metasomatism by low-salinity fluids under low water/rock ratios to later advective metasomatism by high-salinity fluids under high water/rock ratios. When normalized to the modeled composition of the melt-equilibrated fluid, the log light REE and middle REE abundances in the clinopyroxene fit a linear function of the radius parameter (expressed as r0/2 × (ri − r0)2 + 1/3×(ri − r0)3) of the lattice strain model, indicating that crystal lattice strain has exerted a major control on REE clinopyroxene-fluid partitioning. Cores of zoned endoskarn clinopyroxenes show an upward increase in heavy REE (HREE) from Ho to Lu, likely caused by incorporation of those elements both into the eightfold M2 site and the sixfold M1 site of clinopyroxene. The increasing HREE compatibility coincides with elevated Mn contents in the cores of the clinopyroxene grains, implying that Mn has a significant effect on the accommodation of HREE into the sixfold M1 site of clinopyroxene, presumably due to the similar ionic radius between Mn2+ in sixfold coordination (Mn2+ = 0.83 A) and the HREE (e.g., Lu3+ = 0.861 A).

Differences in structure and properties of Na2O–Al2O3–B2O3–SiO2 vitrified bonds and vitrified diamond composites prepared by sol-gel and melting methods were methodically discussed. Results showed that the vitrified bond prepared by sol-gel method contained more [AlO4] tetrahedron and owned higher bending strength, with the maximum value reaching 137 MPa, 31.73% higher than that prepared by melting method (104 MPa). As the sintered temperature rose, coefficient of thermal expansion of the vitrified bond prepared by sol-gel method increased first and then decreased, acquiring a maximum value of 5.75 × 10−6 °C −1 at 720 °C, which was still much lower than the minimum value of vitrified bond prepared by melting method (7.02 × 10−6 °C −1). The vitrified diamond composite prepared by sol-gel method possessed lower sintering shrinkage than that prepared by melting method, and could be applicable to the production of grinding tools with high dimensional accuracy. What's more, the maximum bending strength of vitrified diamond composites obtained by sol-gel method was 106 MPa, 24.7% higher than that of vitrified diamond composites prepared by melting method (85 MPa).

Carbonaceous matter (CM) plays a critical role in the formation of sediment-hosted ore deposits, but metal partitioning between CM and associated sulfides remains unclear. Here we use synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (SXRF), laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS), and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to characterize the distribution and deportment of trace elements between CM and sulfides from the Daqiao orogenic gold deposit, China. Four types of CM co-existing with different generations of sulfides are recognized: sedimentary CM1 with pyrite polyframboids in black shale host; indigenous CM2 with early- to main-ore pyrite and marcasite; CM3 with main-ore pyrite; CM4 with pyrite porphyroblasts in underlying graphitic schists. The SXRF results reveal that As, Se, Ni, Pb, and Cu are enriched in pyrite polyframboids relative to CM1 in black shales, although a small proportion of As, Pb, Bi, and U is accommodated in the latter. NanoSIMS images show that Au and As are associated with the CM1 matrix within pyrite framboids that are overgrown by recrystallized pyrite rims. Most trace elements are enriched in the newly-formed aggregates of pyrite and marcasite relative to the CM2 rims that formed via the interactions between ore fluids and pre-existing CM2 cores. Gold, As, Tl, Se, and Hg are highly enriched in the main-ore pyrite relative to co-precipitated CM3 veinlets, and this deportment might reflect changes in fluid redox conditions in response to hydraulic fracturing that is the main mechanism of gold deposition. The pyrite porphyroblasts in the schists are enriched in As, Se, Ni, and Cu relative to CM4, but have lower Au, As, Co, Ni, and Pb than sedimentary pyrite framboids. Taken together, we suggest that biological activity causes accumulation of As and Au within CM interstitial to the framboidal pyrite, and that these elements are released during metamorphic recrystallization and hydrothermal replacement. Trace element deportment in hydrothermal CM and sulfides is controlled by a variety of factors such as the fluid chemistry and interaction between indigenous CM and fluids. Our quantitative results provide significant new insights into the complex processes that formed carbonaceous sediment-hosted ore systems worldwide.

Precise constraints on the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids of Carlin-type gold deposits in the Golden Triangle (south China) are of critical importance for a better understanding of the ore genesis and a refined genetic model for gold mineralization. However, constraints on the source of ore fluid components have long been a challenge due to the very fine grained nature of the ore and gangue minerals in the deposits. Here we present He, Ne, and Ar isotope data of fluid inclusion extracts from a variety of ore and gangue minerals (arsenian pyrite, realgar, quartz, calcite, and fluorite) representing the main and late ore stages of three well-characterized major gold deposits (Shuiyindong, Nibao, and Yata) to provide significant new insights into the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids of this important gold province. Measured He isotopes have R/RA ratios ranging from 0.01 to 0.4 that suggest a maximum of 5% mantle helium with an R/RA of 8. The Ne and Ar isotope compositions are broadly comparable to air-saturated water, with a few analyses indicating the presence of an external fluid containing nucleogenic 38Ar and radiogenic 40Ar. Plotted on the 20Ne/4He vs. helium R/RA and 3He/20Ne vs. 4He/20Ne diagrams, the results define two distinct arrays that emanate from a common sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid end-member containing crustal He. The main ore-stage fluids are interpreted as a mixture of magmatic fluid containing mantle He and sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid with predominantly crustal He, whereas the late ore-stage fluids are a mixture of sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid bearing crustal He and shallow meteoric groundwater containing atmospheric He. Results presented here, when combined with independent evidence, support a magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids. The ascending magmatic fluid mixed with sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid in the ore stage and subsequently mixed with the meteoric groundwater in the late ore stage, eventually producing the Carlin-type gold deposits in the Golden Triangle.

This paper has designed an anchor point lever beam coupled tuning fork micro-gyroscope and tested its output performance. The tuning fork micro-gyro is designed to eliminate the output error caused by orthogonal coupling and in-phase-inverting coupling by structural decoupling and electrical decoupling, and can improve the anti-vibration performance and the modal optimization ability. It has derived the dynamic response working model of the non-ideal tuning fork micro-gyroscope, and optimized the structural parameters of the micro-gyroscope by simulation analysis. The microstructure processing has been realized by the SOI-MEMS process, sealed the processed structural prototype, and tested the performance through the established experimental system. According to the test results, the designed micro-gyroscope driving direction has greatly reduced the in-phase-inverting coupling through the anchor coupling lever beam, and the detection direction effectively suppressed the in-phase-inverting coupling through the stiffness matching electrode. While closed-loop detecting, the measured Aallan variance zero-bias stability is 1.779°/h, and the 1σ zero-bias stability is 8.3°/h. While applying a stiffness matching voltage, the measured vibration sensitivity is 23.9°/h/g.

Background Little is known about the influence of marital status on Chinese prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Marital status may have an impact on overall survival in Chinese men with prostate cancer. Methods We identified 4,208 Chinese patients diagnosed with PCa between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the impact of marital status on the overall survival (OS) of Chinese PCa patients. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Smoothing function and threshold effect analysis were performed to determine the turning points of variables. Results Univariate analysis demonstrated that marital status, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) category, surgery status, T stage, N stage, and M stage were associated with OS. Multivariate analysis further indicated that marital status, PSA category, surgery status, T stage, and M stage were independent risk factors of OS. Survival analysis demonstrated that the nonwidowed group had a better OS than the widowed group. The risk of poor OS increased rapidly with the PSA level up to the turning point 15.6 and 45.4 ng/mL in the nonwidowed group (HR =1.089; 95% CI: 1.064–1.115; P

Iron isotopes have been widely applied to trace mineralization processes of magmatic-hydrothermal ore systems, yet the application of Fe isotopes in porphyry Cu deposits (PCDs) is still restricted by the lack of understanding of its behaviors during hydrothermal alteration and ore formation processes. In this study, Fe isotope systematics in whole-rocks and Fe-bearing minerals coupled with S isotope compositions of Fe-sulfides are investigated for the early Cretaceous Tongshankou porphyry Cu-Mo deposit from Eastern China. The results show that altered ore-hosting granodiorite porphyries display a small δ56Fe variation (0.04‰ to 0.17‰) with an average of 0.10 ± 0.08‰ (2SD, n = 10), indistinguishable from the values for global igneous rocks. The δ56Fe of magnetite (0.22‰) and biotite (-0.08‰ to 0.12‰) from the altered porphyries are also within the δ56Fe ranges of those from global igneous rocks. These results indicate that hydrothermal fluids have negligible effect on Fe isotope compositions of the porphyry host rocks, likely due to the insignificant contributions of fluid-derived iron relative to the total Fe budget of the host rocks. The Fe-sulfides in the porphyry system record geochemical and iron isotopic characteristics of the ore-forming fluids. Specifically, chalcopyrites show large Fe isotope variations with δ56Fe ranging from −0.60‰ to 0.61‰. The calculated Fe isotope compositions of ore-forming fluids based on the chalcopyrite δ56Fe are thus not uniform and fall in the range from −0.69 ± 0.18‰ to 0.52 ± 0.18‰ (2SD). On the other hand, pyrites exhibit a δ56Fe variation between −0.48‰ and 0.40‰ and show distinct Fe isotopic characteristics for disseminated and vein-type pyrite. The δ56Fe for disseminated pyrites are consistently higher than whole-rock values, ranging from 0.14‰ to 0.40‰, likely reflecting equilibrium Fe isotopic exchange between pyrite and dissolved Fe in fluid. By contrast, δ56Fe for pyrites in veins are highly variable (−0.48‰ to 0.34‰) and show an inverse correlation with the chalcopyrite δ56Fe. These observations, in concert with S isotope data, have been interpreted to reflect pyrite formation through the FeS pathway, whereas the wide range in δ56Fe for pyrite may record isotopic change from initial FeS-fluid equilibrium towards pyrite-fluid equilibrium due to different extent of reaction upon precipitation. Additionally, when compared to sulfides formed by non-magmatic, low-temperature processes, the sulfides in our study exhibit a relatively narrow range of δ56Fe and δ34S, implying a high-temperature magmatic origin for both elements. Overall, our study demonstrates that the coupling of Fe and S isotopes could be a useful tool for tracking the processes of sulfide mineralization in porphyry-related deposits.

Background: To investigate ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) in patients who have undergone breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant systematic therapy (NST). Method: Three hundred and twenty-one patients undergoing BCS after NST and 2,534 patients undergoing initial BCS from June 2008 to June 2017 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were retrospectively enrolled, and statistical analyses, including propensity score matching, were applied to compare IBTR-free survival. The main factors related to IBTR in the NST group were estimated utilizing univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: After propensity score matching, the 3-year IBTR-free survival rates were 93.7% (95% CI, 90.6–96.8%) in the NST group and 96.9% (95% CI, 94.9–98.9%) in the matched initial BCS group at a median follow-up period of 58 months. IBTR-free survival did not differ statistically between the two groups (P=0.154). According to multivariate analysis in the NST group, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and pathologic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) constituent were the factors related to IBTR after BCS. Conclusions: BCS after NST and initial BCS have equivalent IBTR-free survival. BCS after NST is a safe and effective therapy in terms of IBTR.

Four supplemental tables in Appendix.

PurposeTo develop nomograms for predicting breast malignancy in BI-RADS ultrasound (US) category 4 or 5 lesions based on radiomics features.MethodsBetween January 2020 and January 2022, we prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 496 patients pathologically proven breast lesions in our hospital. The data set was divided into model training group and validation testing group with a 75/25 split. Radiomics features were obtained using the PyRadiomics package, and the radiomics score was established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. A nomogram was developed for BI-RADS US category 4 or 5 lesions according to the results of multivariate regression analysis from the training group.ResultThe AUCs of radiomics score consisting of 31 US features was 0.886. The AUC of the model constructed with radiomics score, patient age, lesion diameter identified by US and BI-RADS category involved was 0.956 (95% CI, 0.910–0.972) for the training group and 0.937 (95% CI, 0.893–0.965) for the validation cohort. The calibration curves showed good agreement between the predictions and observations.ConclusionsBoth nomogram and radiomics score can be used as methods to assist radiologists and clinicians in predicting breast malignancy in BI-RADS US category 4 or 5 lesions.

Background Converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals using engineered cyanobacteria is a promising strategy to tackle the global warming and energy shortage issues. However, most cyanobacteria are autotrophic and use CO2 as a sole carbon source, which makes it hard to compete with heterotrophic hosts in either growth or productivity. One strategy to overcome this bottleneck is to introduce sugar utilization pathways to enable photomixotrophic growth with CO2 and sugar (e.g., glucose and xylose). Advances in engineering mixotrophic cyanobacteria have been obtained, while a systematic interrogation of these engineered strains is missing. This work aimed to fill the gap at omics level. Results We first constructed two engineered Synechococcus elongatus YQ2-gal and YQ3-xyl capable of utilizing glucose and xylose, respectively. To investigate the metabolic mechanism, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis were then performed in the engineered photomixotrophic strains YQ2-gal and YQ3-xyl. Transcriptome and metabolome of wild-type S. elongatus were set as baselines. Increased abundance of metabolites in glycolysis or pentose phosphate pathway indicated that efficient sugar utilization significantly enhanced carbon flux in S. elongatus as expected. However, carbon flux was redirected in strain YQ2-gal as more flowed into fatty acids biosynthesis but less into amino acids. In strain YQ3-xyl, more carbon flux was directed into synthesis of sucrose, glucosamine and acetaldehyde, while less into fatty acids and amino acids. Moreover, photosynthesis and bicarbonate transport could be affected by upregulated genes, while nitrogen transport and assimilation were regulated by less transcript abundance of related genes in strain YQ3-xyl with utilization of xylose. Conclusions Our work identified metabolic mechanism in engineered S. elongatus during photomixotrophic growth, where regulations of fatty acids metabolism, photosynthesis, bicarbonate transport, nitrogen assimilation and transport are dependent on different sugar utilization. Since photomixotrophic cyanobacteria is regarded as a promising cell factory for bioproduction, this comprehensive understanding of metabolic mechanism of engineered S. elongatus during photomixotrophic growth would shed light on the engineering of more efficient and controllable bioproduction systems based on this potential chassis.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of metformin combined with intensive-exercise diet therapy on glucose and lipid metabolism and islet function in diabetes patients with localized renal cell carcinoma after laparoscopic resection. Methods. A total of 120 renal cancer patients with diabetes mellitus treated in the oncology department of our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were recruited and assigned via random number table method at a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive either metformin (control group) or metformin plus intensive exercise diet therapy (study group) after laparoscopic nephrectomy. Outcome measures included glucose and lipid metabolism, pancreatic islet function, lifestyle, clinical efficacy, and adverse reactions. Results. After the intervention, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (PBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the two groups of patients decreased significantly, and the study group had significantly lower results. After treatment, the two groups had elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting serum insulin (FINS), and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), and higher results were obtained in the study group ( P < 0.05 ). After the intervention, the study group showed higher results of health promoting lifestyle profile-II (HPLP-II) and a 12-month progression-free survival rate than the control group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion. Metformin combined with intensive-exercise diet therapy significantly improves the glucose and lipid metabolism and islet function of renal cancer patients with diabetes and effectively enhances the 12-month progression-free survival. Further trials are, however, required prior to clinical application.

The proportion of renewable energy sources in the power generation has gradually increased. However, due to the variation and intermittency of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy, energy storage system must be integrated in the microgrid to ensure the power balance between the load and the generating end. At the same time, economic benefits must be considered due to the introduction of energy storage systems. Secondary utilization of power batteries is considered to be an effective solution to the above-mentioned problems. This paper proposes an energy storage management system composed of second life batteries. Comprehensively considering battery lifetime loss costs and system operating costs, and to conduct the dispatch of energy in the lowest cost way. Considering battery degradation, remaining capacity, and cost, and comparing the performance of second life batteries with new batteries. Based on simulation results, the effectiveness of the method is verified.

The goal was to simply and efficiently predict the indicators of disease severity in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients.One hundred eighty-four patients with KOA and 126 healthy subjects were included. WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) was used as a reference index for disease severity in KOA patients, in which WOMAC80 was classified as mild and WOMAC ≥ 80 as moderate and severe. Blood routine parameters of the KOA and the healthy groups were analyzed by the Mann Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of mean corpuscular hemoglobin and platelet distribution width ratio (MPR) and monocyte and hemoglobin ratio (MHR) indicators. The correlation between MPR and MHR and disease severity of KOA was determined by bivariate regression analysis. Independent predictors of disease severity in patients with KOA were assessed by multivariate regression analysis.MPR, MHR, and WOMAC were significantly higher in the KOA group. The ROC curve indicated that the cutoff values of MPR and MHR were 2.09 and 0.0030, respectively, with sensitivity of 86.4% and 68.5% and specificity of 99.2% and 79.4%. Bivariate regression analysis found that MPR was better correlated with disease severity than MHR. The results of multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the MPR values of moderate and severe patients were more than 19 times that of mild patients, and the OR values were 21.695 and 19.558, respectively.MPR and MHR demonstrated a good correlation with disease severity in patients with KOA. MPR is a potential independent predictor of disease severity in patients with KOA.

This over 7-year case study is the first to compare the results of laparoscopic Glissonian pedicle approach hemihepatectomy (LGAH) and laparoscopic hilar dissection approach hemihepatectomy (LHAH) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).Patients who had undergone laparoscopic hemihepatectomy, either LGAH or LHAH, between March 2012 and December 2019 at our center were prospectively enrolled and assigned to the LGAH or LHAH group. Both groups were stratified and compared, and the preoperative and follow-up outcomes were analyzed. The primary endpoint was total operative time.The groups were equally matched for age, sex, HBsAg, Child-Pugh class, benign disease, malignancy, liver cirrhosis, tumor diameter and type of resection. Ninety-six patients had undergone LGAH and 94 had undergone LHAH. No preoperative death occurred in the two groups. LGAH did not enhance the postoperative overall complication rates (P = .465) or intraoperative blood loss (P = .535) compared with LHAH. However, the overall operative time (P = .014) and hilar dissection time (P = .000) were significantly shorter in the LGAH group than in the LHAH group. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the 1-year (P = .384), 3-year (P = .332), and 5-year overall survival rates (P = .662) or 1-year (P = .856), 3-year (P = .348), and 5-year disease-free survival rates (P = .573).LGAH and LHAH are both effective procedures for treating the hilar structures in selected patients. LGAH has advantages over LHAH in reducing total operation time under the condition where both procedures can be used. LGAH for selected patients is worthy of promotion owing to its simplicity and convenience.NCT01567631 (http://www.gov).

Despite intense research in understanding

Magmatic-hydrothermal gold–copper deposits in post-subduction settings represent essential targets for mineral exploration, but controls on their formation remain controversial. The early Cretaceous lode Au districts that formed during lithosphere destruction of the North China Craton provide an ideal opportunity to better understand the key tectono-magmatic factors responsible for the genesis of Au-rich deposits in post-subduction settings. Here, we present a LA-ICP-MS study of silicate melt inclusions and sulfide inclusions from ore-related mafic to intermediate rocks in the central Taihangshan Au district in the interior of the North China Craton to constrain the content and evolution of magmatic ore metals ± volatiles. The results, combined with numerical modeling, suggest that the ore-related magmas contained only a few ng/g Au, which is similar to the Au content of non-mineralization-related mafic to intermediate magmas worldwide. The low Au content of the lode Au-related magmas suggest that large volumes of magmas had to accumulate in the middle to lower crust through trans-lithospheric fault systems to produce the lode Au deposits. It is further suggested that the lode Au-related magmas were alkali-rich, hydrous, oxidized and relatively rich in sulfur and chlorine (mafic melt inclusions contain 0.14‒0.24 wt% S and 0.1‒0.2 wt% Cl). These properties are considered critical for the generation of auriferous ore fluids. By comparing the tectono-magmatic setting of the giant Jiaodong Au province (~ 4000 t Au) with the central Taihangshan district (~ 150 t Au), we propose that the much larger total Au tonnage of the Jiaodong district results from the accumulation of a much larger volume of ore-forming magmas at deep crustal levels, induced by a stronger degree of lithosphere modification. In addition, given that the composition of lode Au-related magmas is similar to that of porphyry Cu–Au-related magmas, the lack of giant, early Cretaceous porphyry Cu–Au deposits in the North China Craton suggests that strong extensional settings favor the formation of lode Au deposits instead of porphyry Cu–Au deposits. The present study, therefore, has general implications for the genesis of Au-rich deposits in strongly extensional settings.

Tumor necrosis factor-α is a common cytokine that increases in inflammatory processes, slows the differentiation of bone formation, and induces osteodystrophy in the long-term inflammatory microenvironment. Our previous study confirmed that the Elongation protein 2 (ELP2) plays a significant role in osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation, which is considered a drug discovery target in diseases related to bone formation and differentiation. In this study, we applied an in silico virtual screening method to select molecules that bind to the ELP2 protein from a chemical drug molecule library and obtained 95 candidates. Then, we included 11 candidates by observing the docking patterns and the noncovalent bonds. The binding affinity of the ELP2 protein with the candidate compounds was examined by SPR analysis, and 5 out of 11 compounds performed good binding affinity to the mouse ELP2 protein. After in vitro cell differentiation assay, candidates 2# and 5# were shown to reduce differentiation inhibition after tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation, allowing further optimization and development for potential clinical treatment of inflammation-mediated orthopedic diseases.

Background Part of tuberculosis (TB) patients were missed if symptomatic screening was based on the main TB likely symptoms. This study conducted to compare the yield and relative costs of different TB screening algorithms in active case-finding in the whole population in China. Methods The study population was screened based on the TB likely symptoms through a face-to-face interview in selected 27 communities from 10 counties of 10 provinces in China. If the individuals had any of the enhanced TB likely symptoms, both chest X-ray and sputum tests were carried out for them furtherly. We used the McNemar test to analyze the difference in TB detection among four algorithms in active case-finding. Of four algorithms, two were from WHO recommendations including 1a/1c, one from China National Tuberculosis Program, and one from this study with the enhanced TB likely symptoms. Furthermore, a two-way ANOVA analysis was performed to analyze the cost difference in the performance of active case-finding adjusted by different demographic and health characteristics among different algorithms. Results Algorithm with the enhanced TB likely symptoms defined in this study could increase the yield of TB detection in active case-finding, compared with algorithms recommended by WHO (p Conclusions Active case-finding based on the enhanced symptom screening is meaningful for TB case-finding and it could identify more active TB cases in time. The findings indicated that this enhanced screening approach cost more compared to algorithms recommend by WHO and China NTP, but the increased yield resulted in comparative costs per patient. And it cost much more that only smear/bacteriological-positive TB cases are screened in active case-finding.

In this paper, the V2O5 film was coated on the diamond surface by adopting sol–gel method to improve the wettability of the vitrified bond to diamond and the mechanical properties of the vitrified ...

Across-arc geochemical variations between igneous rocks from the magmatic front (MF) to rear-arc (RA) are commonly observed for convergent margins, but the processes that are responsible for these variations are unclear. To address these questions, we studied a well-exposed Cenozoic continental arc, the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt (UDMB) of Iran and its rear-arc counterpart to the north. North Iran RA magmatism is bimodal, characterized by mafic to felsic igneous rocks of calc-alkaline to shoshonitic affinity. The new zircon U -Pb ages show that plutonic rocks are ~ 42–38 Ma whereas volcanic rocks are older at ~52 Ma. 87Sr/86Sr(t) and eNd(t) values of UDMB RA igneous rocks range from 0.70483 and 0.70783 and –2.5 and + 3.6, respectively. Zircons from plutonic rocks show eHf(t) values ranging from +1.8 to +9.8, higher than volcanic rocks with eHf (t) between +2.6 and –9.2. Isotopic data agrees with inferences from incompatible trace element ratios (e.g., Th/Yb, Zr/Nb and La/Yb) that mafic plutonic rocks originated from an enriched mantle source, whereas felsic volcanic rocks show more interaction with continental crust. High magmatic fluxes did not occur at the same time in the MF and RA; UDMB MF flared-up at ~ 54–37 Ma and 20–5 Ma, overlapping RA magmatic flare-ups at 45–40 Ma and 30–25 Ma. The available major and trace element data from the UDMB show that most magmatic rocks experienced strong fractional crystallization and assimilation-fractional crystallization processes, making it difficult to identify across-arc geochemical variations. Moreover, the bulk rock eNd(t) and zircon eHf(t) values are highest at the MF, but the across-arc isotopic variability seems to be mainly controlled by crustal influence. High-flux magmatism in the UDMB was related to protracted heating of the crust as a result of subduction of Neotethys oceanic lithosphere. This weakened the continental lithosphere, leading to strong extension in Paleogene time accompanied by decompression melting and magmatic flare-ups.

The Xiaoqinling district, the second largest gold producer in China, is situated on the southern margin of the North China Craton and immediately to the north of the Qinling Orogen. The timing and genesis of the gold deposits have been hotly debated because the area has undergone multiple tectono-magmatic events since the stabilization of the North China Craton in the early Paleoproterozoic. Whether they are genetically related to the Triassic orogeny that formed the Qinling Orogen or associated with the early Cretaceous tectonic reactivation of the craton remains controversial. Here we present monazite U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os dating results from the Hongtuling vein deposit in the eastern part of the Xiaoqinling district to provide new insights into the age and tectonic setting of gold mineralization . The Hongtuling deposit consists of gold veins at the top and minor molybdenum veins at the bottom, with molybdenum veins being locally crosscut by gold veins. Molybdenum veins mainly consist of calcite, quartz, K-feldspar, molybdenite, and pyrite with minor amounts of galena, and a variety of accessory minerals. Gold veins are dominated by quartz and pyrite, with minor to trace amounts of chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and sericite. Monazite grains are well developed both in molybdenum and gold veins, and are intergrown with molybdenite and pyrite, respectively. Monazites from gold vein contain lower REEs contents, more prominent negative Eu anomalies, and higher Th/U ratios than those from molybdenum vein. The textural and geochemical evidence indicates that monazites from both veins precipitated from contrasting ore-forming fluids. Laser ablation ICP-MS U-Pb dating of monazite from the molybdenum vein yields a 206Pb/238U age of 203.5 ± 8.1 Ma (MSWD = 0.23, 2σ), which is statistically indistinguishable from the molybdenite Re-Os age of 204 Ma. In contrast, monazite from the gold vein has a significantly younger 206Pb/238U age of 130.4 ± 5.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.99, 2σ). Results presented here, combined with independent studies, suggest that the molybdenum and gold veins of the Hongtuling deposit, and by inference the other deposits in the district, formed in two discrete mineralization events in the late Triassic and early Cretaceous. The molybdenum mineralization is most likely related to the post-collisional magmatism associated with the Qinling orogeny, whereas gold mineralization occurred in an extensional setting associated with the decratonization of the North China Craton.

The wolframite series may contain relatively high U and low common Pb contents, and thus has been used for direct U-Pb dating of hydrothermal W mineralization. In this paper, we present in-situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) analysis of U–Pb isotopes and trace elements of wolframite crystals from the giant Yaogangxian and Piaotang W deposits in the extensive Nanling metallogenic belt, South China. The objective of this work is to directly constrain the timing of hydrothermal W mineralization in these two deposits. Wolframite crystals from both deposits show textural evidence for two generations. Early wolframite (Wol-1) has higher Fe and lower Mn contents relative to those in the late wolframite (Wol-2). Uranium is correlated positively with Nb5+, tetravalent (Ti, Sn, Zr, Hf), and trivalent (Sc, V, Y, REEs) cations in all wolframite samples, suggesting that the incorporation of U into wolframite is controlled by the coupled substitution mechanisms. The early and late wolframite domains from the Yaogangxian deposit yielded U–Pb ages of 159.1 ± 2.0 Ma (2σ; MSWD = 0.7) and 153.7 ± 0.7 Ma (2σ; MSWD = 0.5), respectively. Similarly, two wolframite generations from the Piaotang deposits yielded U–Pb ages of 159.5 ± 1.3 Ma (2σ; MSWD = 0.3) and 152.1 ± 0.9 Ma (2σ; MSWD = 0.5). The obtained U–Pb ages confirm two successive episodes of hydrothermal W mineralization at ~159 Ma and ~153 Ma in the Yaogangxian and Piaotang deposits. This study demonstrates the potential of U–Pb dating of wolframite by LA-ICPMS and highlights its importance for directly dating hydrothermal ore-forming processes.