Search

Purpose : We investigated and analyzed optometry related systems in China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Australia, Germany, and the USA that intended to be a reference to improve the Korean optometry system. Methods : Optometry related information in China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Australia, Germany, and the USA was searched and collected through Google Scholar, Academic Research Information Service (RISS), Korea Scholar, and DBpia. Results : Hong Kong, Australia, and the USA strictly separate and operate optometrist and ophthalmic dispenser. Germany follows the rules of handicraft manufacturing systems and the optometrist were added with the globalization trend. Malaysia has applied the optometry system relatively recently and a similar work range with Hong Kong, Australia, and the USA. China classified Yanguāngyuan and Dingpeigōng by grade, however, similar to Korea, it was found that diagnosis and treatment of ametropes could not be allowed. Conclusion : Through the implications surveyed and analyzed with optometry systems in China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Australia, Germany and the USA, it is believed that the direction of reinforcing the expertise of Korean optometrist and improving the system in direction with the situation of the times was suggested.

In this clinical study, the author tried to prove that meridians, each having its own characteristics, exist in humans through which skin diseases can be treated. Three meridians, the hand tai-yin meridian, the hand tai-yang meridian, and the shao-yang meridian, were used to control lung dryness and heat and liver fire. By using the LU9 and SP3 acupoints to tonify the hand tai-yin meridian and the SI3 acupoint to tonify the hand tai-yang meridian, we could sedate lung dryness and heat, and by using the TW2 acupoint to sedate the hand shao-yang meridian, we could sedate liver fire. As psoriasis is known not to respond well to many clinical treatments, this report presents the case of an adult woman with psoriasis who was effectively treated using traditional Korean medicine (TKM). The patient was diagnosed with psoriasis based on lung dryness and heat and liver fire. Acupuncture and herbal medicine based on the theory of Sa-Am acupuncture were given to the patient. With this treatment, her symptoms completely disappeared in ∼14 months. This study gives a preliminary indication that TKM, especially Sa-Am acupuncture, can be effective for treating psoriasis. Thus, further study is warranted.

본 연구의 목적은 생균제의 지속적인 첨가에 의한 돼지에게 있어 성장능력, 영양소 소화율, 혈중 요소태 질소량 및 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. 처리는 대조구, 대조구 사료에 0.1%의 생균제 첨가구(P-O.I), 대조구 사료에 0.2%의 생균제 첨가구 (P-0.2)로 하였다. 사양실험에서는 21 일령에 이유한 총 60마리 의 돼지(펑균 체중 6.17 $\pm$ 0.45 kg)를 공사하여 성별 빛 체중에 따라 난괴법에 의해서 배치하였다. 옥수수 대두박 위주의 실험사료에 전 기간에 걸쳐 항생제는 첨가하지 않고 생균제만을 처리별로 첨가하였다. 0 ${\sim}$ 8주간의 사양설험에서는 처리간 일당증체량, 일당사료섭취량 및 사료효율에서 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다 하지만 9 ${\sim}$ 20주에서는 P-O.I과 P-0.2 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 일당증체량이 증가하였으며 (P $\pm$ 1.45kg )에서는 건물, 조단백질, 조지방의 소화율이 P-O.I 과 P-0.2 생균제 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 증가하였으며 (P $\pm$ 2.68kg)에서는 처리간 영양소 소화율 및 질소 축적율이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그리고 혈중 요소태 질소농도 및 혈액내 액혈구, IgG, IgA의 함량도 전 기간에 걸쳐 처리간의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험을 통하여 사료내 지속적인 생균제의 첨가는 돼지의 성장과 영양소 소화율을 향상 시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 【This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of continuous feeding of probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and immune responses in pigs. Treatments were 1) Control(basal diet), 2) P-O.l(basal diet + 0.1% probiotics) and 3) P-0.2(basal diet + 0.2% probiotics). In growth trial, a total of sixty pigs(6.17 $\pm$ 0.45 kg average body weight) weaned at 21 days of age were used. All pigs were assigned according to sex and body weight, and each treatment had 5 replicates of 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block(RCB) design. During 0 ${\sim}$ 8 weeks, there was no significant difference in average daily gain(ADG), average daily feed intake(ADFI) and gain:feed ratio(GfF) among treatments. During 9 - 20 weeks, ADG was improved significantly in pigs fed P-O.I or P-0.2 diets when compared to the pig fed control diet(P $\pm$ 1.45kg average body weight), apparent digestibility of OM, protein, fat in pigs fed P-O.l and P-0.2 diets were greater than in pigs fed control diet(P $\pm$ 2.68kg average body weight), there was no significant difference among treatments in apparent digestibility of nutrients and N-retention. In blood assay for the BUN and immune responses investigations, there was no significant difference among treatments during overall period of experiment. Therefore, this experiment suggested that probiotics supplementation could improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs.】

An addition in digital signal processing is animportant constructional unit for making all arithmetic operations. A fulladder is a simple circuit that adds binary numbers. Ripple carry adder (RCA) isa cascade of the full adders that is used to add 8, 16, 32, etc. bit numbers.In this paper, multi-bit RCA is designed based on promising nanotechnologyQuantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). In fact, QCA is getting investigated as analternative to currently silicon-transistor based technology. The proposed RCAadder is designed as multilayer structure and is found as low complexity designin comparison with other RCA designs.&nbsp