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Additional file 1: English version of study.

Additional file 3: Codes from qualitative analysis.

Additional file 2: Interest score distribution by respondant.

Additional file 4: Quotes from qualitative analysis.

Missing data is a recurrent and challenging problem, especially when using machine learning algorithms for real-world applications. For this reason, missing data imputation has become an active research area, in which recent deep learning approaches have achieved state-of-the-art results. We propose DAEMA (Denoising Autoencoder with Mask Attention), an algorithm based on a denoising autoencoder architecture with an attention mechanism. While most imputation algorithms use incomplete inputs as they would use complete data - up to basic preprocessing (e.g. mean imputation) - DAEMA leverages a mask-based attention mechanism to focus on the observed values of its inputs. We evaluate DAEMA both in terms of reconstruction capabilities and downstream prediction and show that it achieves superior performance to state-of-the-art algorithms on several publicly available real-world datasets under various missingness settings., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, to be published in ICANN 2021, for official implementation see https://github.com/euranova/DAEMA

Introduction: Depression is the leading cause of mental morbidity worldwide especially in young population. It is one of the major contributors to the disease burden globally. The high prevalence rate and chronic course of depression have caused significant mental and somatic morbidity and loss of productivity in young generation in either the case that the young person is suffering from depression or his parents. Aims and Objective: To find out the association of thyroid disorders with unipolar and bipolar depression. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Nishtar Medical University and Hospital (NMU&H), Multan from September 2018 to October 2018. Total 300 patients with depressive symptoms 159 unipolar and 141 bipolar cases were included. These patients were not taking any medication for at least 1 month prior to the onset of recent episode and gave written informed consent. A minimum amount of 2 ml of venous blood from each subject was required and tests included were T3, T4 and TSH. Results: Regarding thyroid function test, 191 cases were euthyroid among which 69.05 % were females and 59.77 % were males. Conclusion: The study concludes that thyroid function disorders were significantly found in cases of unipolar depression while most of the bipolar cases had normal thyroid status. Key words Depression, Thyroxine, Hyperthyroidism, Unipolar, Bipolar

Our objective of study was to assess the frequency of depression among medical students of QAMC, Bahawalpur. The data was collected by a pretested questionnaire. The first part of questionnaire was composed of demographic variables the second part of questionnaire was a depression screening scale-BDI-II, which consists of 21 questions. Chi square test was used as test of significance because the study variables were qualitative in nature. The study showed that male students had high proportion of depression than female students. Depression was found more in 24-26 years of age while students of 3rd year class were more depressed. Any other class.Our findings suggest that health authorities, medical universities and colleges should offer early detection programmes. In this way students at risk must be identified and councelled properly and also be treated if considered necessarily before starting the busy, hectic and ever demanding carrier of medical profession to reduce incidence of depression among medical students so that they can cope with stress of their profession.

Background: The key to achieving the benefits of an FLS on the population and the patient level is to ensure enough high-risk patients are initiated and then adhere to therapy. There is a low rate of primary and secondary adherence by patients with osteoporosis. Treatment initiation requires co-developed decision making with patients and clinicians balancing locally agreed intervention thresholds with effective and efficient risk and treatment communication. Treatment adherence depends on patient, treatment and healthcare service characteristics. Objectives: Describe the current status of treatment recommendation in the UK Describe the current methods for imrpoving adherence globally Methods: Review of the data from the UK Fracture Liaison Service Database and IOF Capture the Fracture audits. Disclosure of Interests: Kassim Javaid Muhammad Shareholder of: Zebra Medical Vision, Grant/research support from: Amgen, Kyowa Kirin Hakin, Consultant for: Amgen, Internis, Consilient Health,Mereo Biopharma, Kyowa Kirin Hakin, UCB, Speakers bureau: Amgen, Lilly UK, Internis, UCB

Background Bariatric surgery is increasingly common due to the obesity epidemic. However, there is controversial evidence about the association between bariatric surgery and fracture risk. This may be due to the fundamental differences between patients undergoing bariatric surgery with patients who do not, raising the question: within patients who fracture, are they are at increased risk of fracture after surgery? And if so, who is at risk of fracture? Objectives 1. To investigate the association between bariatric surgery and risk of three fracture locations using a within person study design comparing a) the 5 year incidence post surgery to the 5 year pre surgery, b) splitting the 5 year post surgery risk into two windows 0-2 and 2.01 – 5 years. 2. To predict who is at risk of fracture following bariatric surgery. Methods A self-controlled case series analysis (SCCS) and Stepwise logistic regression (LR) were conducted. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery were identified in the clinical practice research datalink (CPRD) GOLD dataset and linked to hospital episode statistics (HES) data. Primary outcome was any fracture (any skeletal sites except skull and digits). Secondary outcomes were major (hip, spine, forearm and humerus) and peripheral fractures (forearm and lower leg). For the SCCS, Poisson models in those who fractured were fit to calculate Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) for the aforementioned time windows. Potential predictors were selected with an exit p-value of 0.157 and their predictive performance was reported using a C-statistic. Results Of 5,492 patients undergoing bariatric surgery, 252 patients had 272 any fractures, 75 (80) major fractures and 126 (135) peripheral fractures. Average BMI was 43.9. Major fracture risk increased nearly threefold following surgery: IRR (95% CI) 2.70 (1.31, 5.57). Conversely, the incidence of any and peripheral fractures did not change: IRRs 1.17 (0.86, 1.60) and 0.92 (0.60, 1.42) respectively. Any and major fracture risk increased in the 3rd to 5th year post-surgery: IRRs of 1.73 (1.08, 2.77), 4.98 (1.94, 12.78) respectively. 7 variables were identified which may predict major fracture with a high c-statistics of 0.77 (0.71, 0.88). Conclusion Few patients had fractures (252/5492). The incidence of major osteoporotic fracture is increased after bariatric surgery by nearly 3 fold, to then increase to 5 fold in the 2-5 year window. Multiple factors were identified for patients at risk of major fracture post-operatively. External validation is needed. Further research is needed on post-bariatric surgery care to minimise fracture risk. Acknowledgement This project was funded by the NIHR RfPB (project number PB-PG-1215-20017) and supported by the NIHR Oxford BRC. The views expressed are those of the author(s). Disclosure of Interests Danielle E Robinson: None declared, Ian Douglas: None declared, Garry D Tan: None declared, Cyrus Cooper Consultant for: Personal fees from Alliance for Better Bone Health, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GSK, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, Takeda and UCB., Antonella Delmestri: None declared, Kassim Javaid Muhammad Shareholder of: Zebra Medical Vision, Grant/research support from: Amgen, Kyowa Kirin Hakin , Consultant for: Amgen, Internis, Consilient Health,Mereo Biopharma, Kyowa Kirin Hakin, UCB, Speakers bureau: Amgen, Lilly UK, Internis, UCB, Andrew Judge Grant/research support from: Consortium research grants from Roche, Consultant for: Received consultancy fees, lecture fees and honoraria from Servier, UK Renal Registry, Oxford Craniofacial Unit, IDIAP Jordi Gol and Freshfields Bruckhaus. Member of Deringer Data Safety and Monitoring Board for Anthera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Consultancy for Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Victoria Y Strauss: None declared, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Grant/research support from: Grants from Amgen, UCB Biopharma and Servier outside the submitted work, Consultant for: UCB Biopharma, Speakers bureau: Amgen

Objectives The neural mechanisms of pain in knee osteoarthritis (OA) are not fully understood, and some patients have neuropathic‐like pain associated with central sensitization. To address this, we undertook the present study in order to identify central sensitization using neuroimaging and PainDETECT and to relate it to postarthroplasty outcome. Methods Patients awaiting arthroplasty underwent quantitative sensory testing, psychological assessment, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Neuroimaging (fMRI) was conducted during punctate stimulation (n = 24) and cold stimulation (n = 20) to the affected knee. The postoperative outcome was measured using the Oxford Knee Score, patient‐reported moderate‐to‐severe long‐term pain postarthroplasty, and a range of pain‐related questionnaires. Results Patients with neuropathic‐like pain presurgery (identified using PainDETECT; n = 14) reported significantly higher pain in response to punctate stimuli and cold stimuli near the affected joint (P < 0.05). Neural activity in these patients, compared to those without neuropathic‐like pain, was significantly lower in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (P < 0.05) and higher in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) during punctate stimulation (P < 0.05), with significant functional connectivity between these two areas (r = 0.49, P = 0.018). Preoperative neuropathic‐like pain and higher neural activity in the RVM were associated with moderate‐to‐severe long‐term pain after arthroplasty (P = 0.0356). Conclusion The psychophysical and neuroimaging data suggest that a subset of OA patients have centrally mediated pain sensitization. This was likely due to supraspinally mediated reductions in inhibition and increases in facilitation of nociceptive signaling, and was associated with a worse outcome following arthroplasty. The neurobiologic confirmation of central sensitization in patients with features of neuropathic pain, identified using PainDETECT, provides further support for the investigation of such bedside measures for patient stratification, to better predict postsurgical outcomes.

Fibrous Dysplasia and McCune-Albright Syndrome: A Checklist for Patients and Doctors. (DOCX 35 kb)

Flowcharts MAS Endo. (PPTX 64 kb)

Flowcharts Skeletal Evaluation. (PPTX 47 kb)

Flowcharts Management of CFFD. (PPTX 36 kb)

Flowcharts Surgical Management of Proximal Femur. (PDF 34 kb)

In this paper, the performance of a gliding robotic fish with different wing aspect ratio is investigated. The gliding robotic fish, developed by Michigan State University, has the energy efficient locomotion of an underwater glider and high maneuverability of a robotic fish. ANSYS Computational Fluid Dynamics turbulence model was used to determine lift and drag coefficients for various wing aspect ratios at different angle of attack. Subsequently, the corresponding glide angle and velocity were determined analytically based on its dynamic model. The simulation results compare well with published experimental data and shows that the drag and lift coefficients are inversely proportional to the wing aspect ratio. As such, a gliding robotic fish with a low wing aspect ratio is suitable for shallow waters only, due to the high lift forces generated for a given angle of attack, requiring greater energy to sustain the glide velocity and vice versa.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Baseline characteristics for those with and without follow-up data, Supplementary Figure 1. associations between HBM and incident OA and incident and progressive OA sub-phenotypes in person-level analyses.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Baseline characteristics for those with and without follow-up data, Supplementary Figure 1. associations between HBM and incident OA and incident and progressive OA sub-phenotypes in person-level analyses.