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Traditionally, in moment-method analyses of electromagnetic scattering, the elements of the impedance matrix are calculated as convolutions of the basis elements with the appropriate dyadic Green's function. However, for scattering in the half-space, the vertical and azimuthal copolar terms of the Green's function require evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals which are computationally burdensome. In this paper, it is shown that, in populating the impedance matrix for the half-space problem, evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals is, in fact, not necessary. For monochromatic excitation, the plane-wave expansion of the scattered field constitutes a Fourier transform, in the horizontal plane, of a vector spectral function. This vector function results from the convolution, in the vertical dimension, of the respective angular spectra of the Green's function and the equivalent current. On application of the moment method, through the Weyl identity, the impedance-matrix elements corresponding to the singular ...

The Myanmar Ministry of Health has formed a partnership with Australasian professional colleges and international medical specialists to deliver a comprehensive programme for emergency care training and development. We describe this programme, emphasising the training of the first emergency specialists for Myanmar.Eighteen junior specialists (EM18) joined a new postgraduate diploma in emergency medicine (Dip EM) through the University of Medicine (1) (UM1), Yangon. Diploma content included an introductory course, clinical rotations, 2 months in the emergency receiving centre (ERC) of the Yangon General Hospital (YGH) supervised by a volunteer Australasian emergency physician (FACEM), several short courses and an educational visit to Hong Kong. Curriculum and assessments comprising written and oral exams were devised and delivered by volunteer FACEMs and Hong Kong specialists.All EM18 completed the 18 month programme and passed the final assessments to graduate in February 2014. Course strengths included the supervised clinical rotation to the ERC and short course teaching on emergency medical, surgical, trauma, paediatric and disaster topics. The educational visit to Hong Kong enabled the EM18 to visualise more advanced EM systems that could be adapted to the Myanmar context. The participating international clinicians provided expert strategic advice on ED design, staffing, equipment, nursing and pre-hospital systems to leaders within universities, hospitals and the Ministry of Health.The first Myanmar postgraduate diploma in EM provides an example of collaborative and responsive clinical health capacity building in a context of very limited resources.

What intellectual "attitude," critical and apologetic, suits situations of showbiz? How might this vast arena of human endeavor be approached ethnographically and comparatively? What, perforce, does "the show business" mean-not just here and now (America since P. T. Barnum) but elsewhere and earlier: across cultures and eras, continually transformed and translated. Should anthropological modes of interpretation, philosophically inclined, address showbiz situations? What would distinguish such studies from, say, the anthropology of tourism?

The imaging of buried objects poses the need for a dyadic Green's function for a medium stratified into above- and below-ground spaces. The perturbation field due to the existence of the object is as if radiated by equivalent currents. An integral equation is written in which the unknown is the current density. For solution by the Method of Moments, the current distribution is approximated as the weighted sum of a a set of basis functions. The Distributed Source (DS) Dyadic Green's Function is introduced to relate the vector field and basis function of directed current. This study is concerned with numerical evaluation of the DS Green's function. The function has been derived in the form of a doubly infinite integral of which the integrand contains a line singularity. In some cases evaluation of the integral presents problems of convergence. The infinite integration area has been made finite by a particular choice of basis functions. The line singularity has been eliminated by exploiting the convolution theorem. The convolution integrand contains a simple singularity which disappears under a change of variables. The DS Green's function has been evaluated without numerical difficulty. Values agree with those calculated by other methods where available.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Extra-vagance refers to thought that skirts traditional boundaries. To follow this up, the author broaches subjects as diverse as Balinese ritual, Montaigne, Chaucer, Tarzan and Perry Mason, making leaps among eclectic texts and rituals that do not hold single, fixed meanings, but numerous, changing, and specific ones. The text explores links between ritual and reading, focusing on commentaries about the seclusion of menstruating women in Native American culture, trance dances in Bali, and circumcision in contrasting religions. He considers the ironies of "first-person ethnography" by telling stories from his own fieldwork, reflecting on ethnological museums, and making seriocomic connections between Mark Twain and Marcel Mauss.

Counterworks: Managing the Diversity of Knowledge. Richard Fardon. ed. New York: Routledge, 1995. 233 pp.

"Throwing open to debate the practices of museums, galleries, and festivals, Exhibiting Cultures probes the often politically charged relationships among aesthetics, contexts, and implicit assumptions that govern how cultural differences and art objects are displayed. This innovative volume brings together museum directors and curators, art historians, anthropologists, folklorists, and historians to examine how diverse settings have appealed to audiences and represented the intentions and cultures of the makers of objects. The essays address such major issues in the politics of culture as how the learned experience of everyday life is used to make exhibitions comprehensible, what happens to minority and exotic arts when they are assimilated into the hegemonic context of the "great" museums, and why ethnographic museums have been neglected in an age of museum expansions" -- p.[4] of cover.

Marriage in descent theory tends to be the negative result of the application of the incest taboos. In the alliance view, it is brought about by the positive value (resulting from the system) attached to exchange. The utility of alliance theory is generally to be found in the analysis of closed systems, i.e., systems that can be conceptually limited to an ordered universe of linked categories (Buchler and Selby 1968:130). This study sketches the cultural argument surrounding Balinese marriage. We analyze values and rules, as supported by symbols and customary institutions, that insure that marriage remains a potential predicament, an inherent dilemma. We abstract a scheme of Balinese marriage types which cuts across and helps define different caste statuses. The scheme relates most directly to modern Bali, but it encompasses variations of classical (pre-1906) and colonial (1906-1948) times as well.1 Each type of marriage reveals overriding pros and cons-in actuality unresolvable, therefore socially viable, culturally significant, non-mechanical, human. We first summarize the ethnography of marriage values, both positive standards and negative restrictions, and then suggest an epitomizing symbol of this system of action with its potential conflicts. We later explore complementary terminologies, esoteric marriage lore, and literary epics from the related native logic system. Thus, two areas concern us: (1) the system of beliefs, expressive symbols, and value-orientations often deemed "culture" (Parsons and Shils 1962:21 ) and, in particular, that part of Balinese culture which pertains to "marriage," which is usually abstracted for cross-cultural comparisons (cf. L6vi-Strauss 1969); (2) structuralist codes in conventionalized native imagery which relate to the values that underpin social action without merely replicating them. We try to

Structural Sociology. INO ROSSI, ed. The Logic of Culture: Advances in Structural Theory and Methods. INO ROSSI, ed.

The enormous secondary literature which relates Levi-Strauss' comparative studies to different schools of thought has failed sufficiently to emphasize the major discontinuity within his own work. This paper characterizes the basic methodological differences in his approaches to “kinship” and to “myth.” It then suggests how, by concentrating on the kinship/myth distinction, we might constructively refine various structuralist concepts, such as distinctive feature analysis and the logical foundations of the “elementary” kinship structures. Only by concentrating on the few inconsistencies in Levi-Strauss' remarkably coherent corpus of work can an adequate critique of his theories of comparison be commenced.

Bali has long been reputed for its capacity to maintain a distinctive social and cultural “Balineseness” in face of sweeping change. One persistent component on anthropological lists of Balinese institutions has been the island's “ancestor cult,” often presented as a static custom of principally theological significance. This paper portrays some complexities in the formulation, maintenance, and recent intensification of ancestor lore in a particular group through time. Our subject is a large Sudra group in Tabanan district: how its members explain the origin of their house in the classical era, account for its trials and accomplishments during the Dutch colonial period (1906–1948), and with little sense of discontinuity justify its role in modern Balinese politics, from Indonesian independence through the national elections of 1971. We first detail legends, rituals, and stories—cultural forces in their own right–celebrating central ancestors and leaders from the group's classical, colonial, and modern history. We then describe practical social, political, and economic matters indirectly involved in these traditions. Finally, general conclusions are drawn regarding the significance of ancestors in Balinese society, where legends and rituals commemorating specific deceased leaders are no mere antiquarian escape from the present nor a pale reflection of more practical realities, but an active commentary on, and a contributing force to, a group's internal dynamics and self-esteem.

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Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the ethnological nexus where everything appears intertwined—New Guinea, Bali, Margaret Mead's marriages, Ruth Benedict's book, anthropology's future, respectability, and deviance. To the nonsemiotic critic, no literary fact seems more natural, direct, or unmediated than reading a text. Fortune combined his precocious model of systematic marriage exchange with an advanced view of incest in dialectic with specific social usages. Certain Sepik societies seemed to institutionalize indecision between enacting conflict openly and suppressing conflict through regularized alliance and both symmetrical and complementary exchange. Mead recalls that Bateson's soothing, sympathetic words contrasted to Fortune's fierceness directed against both his own illnesses and Mead's, much as middle Sepik landscapes and cultures contrasted to Mundugumor scenes and lives.