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The quest of conquering balanced environment for the ultimate search of “Who am I” furnished to pollution and energy crises. As the viable world development is dependent on effective utilization of available renewable energy resources. Hydrogen fuel as an energy source is the future for many upcoming generations as it never produces pollutants. 6, 13 Pentacenequinone (PENQ) is recently developed and reported organic photocatalyst for the generation of hydrogen from water as well as hydrogen sulfide. PENQ can be synthesized and characterized using different methods and techniques/approaches that are listed in this chapter. Green Solid state synthesis method of PENQ is the most promising one as it gives high yield at room temperature and without solvents. Structural characterization of this novel organic catalyst were done using powdered XRD. Cyclic voltammetry is used for the calculating the difference between valance and conduction band levels in the organic PENQ catalyst. After complete structural and morphological characterization, organic PENQ was explored for the hydrogen production from hydrogen sulfide. This photocatalytic nature was also being confirmed using its composites/ coupled systems (PENQ: TiO2 and PENQ: MoS2) using hydrogen sulfide and water.

Background: Lemon peel powder was used as a natural catalyst for the synthesis of biscoumarins and 3,4-dihydropyrano[c]chromene derivatives. The catalyst is natural, biodegradable, environmentally benign and thus contributes a valuable addition to the existing sustainable methods for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives. Objective: Development of Green synthesis and use of Natural catalyst. Methods: Lemon peel powder was used as a natural, biodegradable, environmentally benign heterogenous catalyst for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives. Results: Natural lemon peel powder was successfully used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of coumarin based heterocyclic compounds. Conclusion: In conclusion, an environmentally benign, green and one-pot multicomponent protocol has been developed for the synthesis of biscoumarins and 3,4-dihydropyrano[c]chromene derivatives using lemon peel powder as a natural and biodegradable catalyst. Lemon peel being natural, the present approach is sustainable and will highlight the emerging applications of natural resources for synthetic organic transformations. This protocol offers several advantages such as high yields, clean reaction conditions, and no pollution threat to the environment making it a useful and attractive process for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives.

The main aim of the study is to formulate and evaluate hydrogel containing azithromycin and silver nanoparticles to treat wound dressing, burn infections, acne, Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis, psoriasis, etc. The Silver nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis approach with the help of reduction of silver nitrate by Azadirachta indica leaves extract. Azithromycin was chosen as antimicrobial drug, however it shows adverse effect when administered in high dose, hence to reduce dose of azithromycin it was decided to make formulation containing silver nanoparticles and azithromycin. The drug loading and drug delivery techniques were searched for topical as well as bone grafting purpose. Initially mixing of Silver nanoparticles, Azithromycin and Bis acrylamide in ammonium persulphate were done and added N, N dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate (DEM) to form semisolid mass that is hydrogel. Hydrogel formulation was found fantastic results with azithromycin and silver nanoparticles. The compatibility study was done for silver nanoparticles with polymer and azithromycin and all are found compatible with each other. All the formulations were characterized for consistency, spreadability, efficacy, safety and stability. From all F1-F12 Hydrogel Formulations F4 batch was optimized by parameters like pH measurement, spreadability, Drug content, Drug release and antimicrobial assay. So F4 batch was further evaluated for SEM, XRD, FTIR, skin Irritation study and showed good results. Hydrogel formulation of azithromycin and silver nanoparticles formulated for Azithromycin as a antimicrobial drug, however it shows adverse effect when administered in high dose, hence to reduce dose of azithromycin it was decided to make formulation containing silver nanoparticles and azithromycin. It was concluded that formulation was compatible with animal as well as human being with excellent evaluation results.