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The physicochemical and functional properties of pectin (JFP) extracted from edible portions (including pericarp and seed) of raw jackfruit (an underutilized tropical fruit) at four different maturity stages (referred to as stages I, II, III, and IV) were characterized in terms of extraction yields, chemical composition, molecular weight, and antioxidant properties to evaluate its potential use in foods., P. Nisha thanks the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India for awarding her the Raman Research Fellowship. K Nidhina acknowledges the University Grants Commission (UGC) for awarding a research fellowship.

Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) is an evergreen tree distributed in tropical regions and is among the most studied species of the genus Artocarpus. The jackfruit almond has been highlighted in relation to phytochemical studies, biological properties, and application in the development of food products. This study aimed to analyze jackfruit fixed oil regarding chemical components, antibacterial property alone, and in association with antibiotics against standard and MDR bacteria strains. In the analysis of the oil by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), a high content of saturated fatty acids (78.51%) was identified in relation to unsaturated fatty acids (17.07%). The main fatty acids identified were lauric acid (43.01%), myristic acid (11.10%), palmitic acid (6.95%), and oleic acid (15.32%). In the antibacterial analysis, broth microdilution assays were used. The oil presented minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 1024 μg/mL in antibacterial analysis for standard and MDR bacterial strains. The oil showed synergistic effects in the association with gentamicin, ofloxacin, and penicillin against MDR strains, with significant reductions in the MIC of antibiotics. The results suggest that the fixed oil of A. heterophyllus has fatty acids with the potential to synergistically modify antibiotic activity.

Jackfruit (Artocarpus integer) and Cempedak (Artocarpus heterophyllus) are two different Southeast Asian fruit species from the same genus that are quite similar in their external appearance, therefore, sometimes difficult to be recognized visually by humans, especially in the form of pictures. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) and transfer learning can provide an excellent solution to recognize fruits, where the methods are known to be able to classify objects with high accuracy. In this study, several models were proposed and constructed to recognize the Jackfruit and Cempedak using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). We proposed our custom-made own CNN model and modify five transfer learning models on pre-trained VGG16, VGG19, Xception, ResNet50, and InceptionV3. The experiment used our own dataset and the result showed that the proposed CNN architecture was able to provide an accuracy between 89% to 93.67% compared to the other CNN transfer learning.

Wastewater is a rich source of valuable chemicals of industrial importance. However, their economic recovery is crucial for sustainability. The objective of the present work is to recover hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) as a value-added transition metal from wastewater cost-effectively; the biosorbent derived from seed kernels of mango (M) and jackfruit (JF) were applied for removing the metal from simulated wastewater. The functional groups of the biomass were analysed with the help of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, micrographs were generated using a scanning electron microscope, and crystallinity was determined by an x-ray diffractometer (XRD). The concentration of Cr VI in wastewater was analysed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Process parameters (pH, dose, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration) were optimized for efficient Cr VI adsorption using a response surface methodology-based Box–Behnken design (BBD) employing Design-software 6.0.8. The batch experiment at room temperature at pH 4.8 and Cr VI removal ∼94% (M) and ∼92% (JF) was achieved by using a 60-mg dose and an initial Cr (VI) concentration of 2 ppm in 120 min. The equilibrium Cr binding on the biosorbent was well explained using Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.97), which indicated the indirect interactions between Cr (VI) and the biosorbent. Biosorption of Cr (VI) followed the pseudo-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The maximum adsorption capacity of the M and JF bio-adsorbent is 517.24 and 207.6 g/mg, respectively. These efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly biosorbents could be potentially applied for removing toxic Cr (VI) from polluted water.

Jackfruit is identified as targeted produced for premium fruit and vegetable (EPP 7). Meanwhile in Johor, jackfruit is the third biggest fruit produced in 2016. Jackfruit contains a lot of benefits which certainly good for living things and have been used in various sector such as medicine, food, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant, antifungal effect, immunomodulatory effect and else. However, the existence of pests and diseases have threatened the productivity of jackfruit plant particularly in tropical countries including Malaysia. There are many factors that can affect the occurrence of pests and plant diseases of jackfruit such as shoot borers, bark borers, mealy bug and scale insects, blossoms and fruit rots and bacterial die-back. Several studies have been devoted to model the plant pests and diseases epidemiology, though the contexts that focus in tropical environment and jackfruit plant are limited. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss abiotic factors and spatial methods that have been used to define dispersal pattern and relationship between abiotic factors including major climatic variables with plant pests and diseases occurrence data, particularly in tropical climate. This paper could be used as a basis to understand the epidemiological models in combating pest and plant disease and to support towards the effective management of jackfruit pests and diseases in tropical countries, particularly Malaysia.

Jackfruit seeds are usually discarded as waste. Therefore, this work aimed at obtaining the Jackfruit seeds flour of two varieties (soft and firm) from Brazilian Midwest and to evaluate its physicochemical characteristics, mineral and fatty acids composition (FA). Seeds were dried at 45°C for 72h and ground (40-mesh). Both flours revealed high protein content, varying from 13.43% to 16.28%. It also revealed excellent insoluble fibers (4.16% for soft Jackfruit seeds flour [SJF] and 4.68% for firm Jackfruit seeds flours [FJF]) content. Plus, it was good sources of minerals, especially magnesium (approximately 200 mg 100g-1). Oleic acid was predominant in FJF (47.03%) and linoleic acid (30.81%) in SJF. The flour from both seeds presented minor contents of acid α-linolenic acid (approximately 5%). Consequently, both seeds flours are strongly indicated for formulating new food products, improving its nutritional value and promoting beneficial effects on human health. Jackfruit seeds are usually discarded as waste. Therefore, this work aimed at obtaining the Jackfruit seeds flour of two varieties (soft and firm) from Brazilian Midwest and to evaluate its physicochemical characteristics, mineral and fatty acids composition (FA). Seeds were dried at 45°C for 72h and ground (40-mesh). Both flours revealed high protein content, varying from 13.43% to 16.28%. It also revealed excellent insoluble fibers (4.16% for soft Jackfruit seeds flour [SJF] and 4.68% for firm Jackfruit seeds flours [FJF]) content. Plus, it was good sources of minerals, especially magnesium (approximately 200 mg 100g-1). Oleic acid was predominant in FJF (47.03%) and linoleic acid (30.81%) in SJF. The flour from both seeds presented minor contents of acid α-linolenic acid (approximately 5%). Consequently, both seeds flours are strongly indicated for formulating new food products, improving its nutritional value and promoting beneficial effects on human health.

The purpose of this article was to find the optimal model to illustrate the drying behaviors of jackfruit in a far-infrared (FIR) dryer and to examine the drying characteristics. The drying conditions were operated at drying temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 oC. In the empirical models, the Newton, Page, Modified Page, Midilli et al., Two term exponential, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, and Wang and Singh model, were investigated to find the most suitable model. An artificial neural network model was also studied, with drying temperature and time selected as input variables, and MR values selected as output parameters. The dependability of the model was assessed using the R2, χ^2, RMSE and r statistical criteria. The results showed that for the empirical model, the Page model offered excellent results, while the optimal ANN structure was identified as 2-12-1 with Tan-sigmoid transfer functions.

Jackfruit is an important edible fruit bearing tree of India. The fruits have multifarious uses, high nutritive value and market potential. The trees exhibit wide range of diversity with respect to fruit character and bulb quality. There is lack of potential varieties with high quality fruits. Pollen is an important entity in transfer of genetic traits. Pollen mediated trait transfer can be effectively utilized in the crop improvement programmes. The jackfruit cultivars show asynchronous flowering pattern which is a barrier in breeding program. Hence an effective and long-term storage of pollens can be successfully achieved through cryopreservation. The male spikes were collected during anthesis at 2-3 pm, pollen grains were extracted and dried in zeolite desiccator for an hour, The pre-storage viability assessment was carried out by hanging drop technique using Brewbaker and Kwack (BK) medium containing 5% sucrose. Then the pollen were packed with butter paper enclosed in aluminium pouch and were rapidly plunged into the cryobiological system containing liquid nitrogen. The post storage germination assessment was done in similar way. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out, length and wide of the pollen was recorded. The results indicated that germination percentage of fresh pollen was 72% and was 69% after three weeks of cryopreservation. The illustrates that there I no decline in the viability of pollens after cryopreservation. Therefore, it can be concluded that jackfruit pollens can be cryopreserved successfully and can be used in breeding programmes for transfer of quality traits and to broaden the genetic base by excluding the limitation if time and season., Poster No.. 70

A Gram-negative bacterium, Pantoea stewartii subspecies stewartii (P. stewartii subsp. stewartii) has been recognized as the causative agent for jackfruit bronzing disease in Malaysia. Here, we report the whole genome sequencing dataset of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii strain SQT1 isolated from local infected jackfruit. The paired-end libraries with an insert size of 350 bp was subjected to the Illumina Hiseq 4000, generating a genome size of 4,783,993 bp with a G+C content of 53.7%. A total protein of 4,671 was identified including virulence factors, resistance factors and secretion systems. Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii strain DC283 (NCBI accession no. CP017581.1) was used as a reference genome, where the query hit 72% coverage and average sequencing depth of 68. In total, 28,717 nucleotide polymorphisms, 520 small insertion/deletions and 142 structure variants were identified. The complete genome was deposited at the European Nucleotide Archive under the sample accession number ERP119356 and study accession number PRJEB36196.

Two of the most economically important plants in the Artocarpus genus are jackfruit (A. heterophyllus Lam.) and breadfruit (A. altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg). Both species are long-lived trees that have been cultivated for thousands of years in their native regions. Today they are grown throughout tropical to subtropical areas as an important source of starch and other valuable nutrients. There are hundreds of breadfruit varieties that are native to Oceania, of which the most commonly distributed types are seedless triploids. Jackfruit is likely native to the Western Ghats of India and produces one of the largest tree-borne fruit structures (reaching up to 45 kg). To-date, there is limited genomic information for these two economically important species. Here, we generated 273 Gb and 227 Gb of raw data from jackfruit and breadfruit, respectively. The high-quality reads from jackfruit were assembled into 162,440 scaffolds totaling 982 Mb with 35,858 genes. Similarly, the breadfruit reads were assembled into 180,971 scaffolds totaling 833 Mb with 34,010 genes. A total of 2822 and 2034 expanded gene families were found in jackfruit and breadfruit, respectively, enriched in pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis, and others. The copy number of several starch synthesis-related genes were found to be increased in jackfruit and breadfruit compared to closely-related species, and the tissue-specific expression might imply their sugar-rich and starch-rich characteristics. Overall, the publication of high-quality genomes for jackfruit and breadfruit provides information about their specific composition and the underlying genes involved in sugar and starch metabolism.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:53:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-20612013000100029.pdf: 1199570 bytes, checksum: fee4ac0e82d0873ee4ac8da261dff0bb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-20612013000100029.pdf: 1199570 bytes, checksum: fee4ac0e82d0873ee4ac8da261dff0bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612013000100029.pdf: 1199570 bytes, checksum: fee4ac0e82d0873ee4ac8da261dff0bb (MD5) S0101-20612013000100029.pdf.txt: 45911 bytes, checksum: 782f89d4ed97d83cf70e97c42a69142b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:11:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612013000100029.pdf: 1199570 bytes, checksum: fee4ac0e82d0873ee4ac8da261dff0bb (MD5) S0101-20612013000100029.pdf.txt: 45911 bytes, checksum: 782f89d4ed97d83cf70e97c42a69142b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:11:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612013000100029.pdf: 1199570 bytes, checksum: fee4ac0e82d0873ee4ac8da261dff0bb (MD5) S0101-20612013000100029.pdf.txt: 45911 bytes, checksum: 782f89d4ed97d83cf70e97c42a69142b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A jaqueira é uma das árvores mais significativas nos quintais tropicais e, talvez, a árvore mais importante e útil do gênero Artocarpus. O fruto é suscetível a danos mecânicos e biológicos no estado maduro, e seu aroma é desagradável para algumas pessoas, quando em espaços fechados. O processo de desidratação pode ser uma alternativa para a exploração deste produto, e a relação entre a umidade e a atividade de água fornece informações úteis para seu processamento e armazenamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar as propriedades termodinâmicas de sorção da água em frutos de jaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.), em função do conteúdo de umidade. Para isto, foram determinadas as isotermas de dessorção das diferentes partes da jaca (polpa, pedúnculo, mesocarpo, cascas e sementes) em quatro temperaturas (313.15, 323.15, 333.15 e 343.15 K) na faixa de atividade de água de 0,020-0,753, através do método gravimétrico estático. Modelos teóricos e empíricos foram usados para modelar as isotermas de dessorção. A solução analítica da equação de Clausius-Clapeyron foi empregada para calcular o calor isostérico de sorção, a entropia diferencial e a energia livre de Gibbs' através dos modelos de Guggenhein-Anderson-de Boer e Oswin, considerando o efeito da temperatura sob o equilíbrio higroscópico. The Jackfruit tree is one of the most significant trees in tropical home gardens and perhaps the most widespread and useful tree in the important genus Artocarpus. The fruit is susceptible to mechanical and biological damage in the mature state, and some people find the aroma of the fruit objectionable, particularly in confined spaces. The dehydration process could be an alternative for the exploitation of this product, and the relationship between moisture content and water activity provides useful information for its processing and storage. The aim of this study was to determine the thermodynamic properties of the water sorption of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) as a function of moisture content. Desorption isotherms of the different parts of the jackfruit (pulp, peduncle, mesocarp, peel, and seed) were determined at four different temperatures (313.15, 323.15, 333.15, and 343.15 K) in a water activity range of 0.02-0.753 using the static gravimetric method. Theoretical and empirical models were used to model the desorption isotherms. An analytical solution of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation was proposed to calculate the isosteric heat of sorption, the differential entropy, and Gibbs' free energy using the Guggenhein-Anderson-de Boer and Oswin models considering the effect of temperature on the hygroscopic equilibrium. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os impactos causados por A. heterophyllus sobre a riqueza e diversidade da vegetação e sobre os solos de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Aberta, Município de Areia, PB. A área estudada localiza-se no Campus II da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. No fragmento, foram instaladas 10 pares de parcelas de 100 m². Metade destas unidades amostrais (AI - ambiente invadido) foi disposta de forma que apresentasse em seu centro um exemplar adulto de A. heterophyllus. Paralelamente a cada uma destas parcelas, outra unidade amostral (AN - ambiente natural) foi alocada. Foi avaliado o número de espécies, a abundância de indivíduos, a diversidade e a equabilidade, além da química dos solos. Foram amostrados 14.008 indivíduos pertencentes a 79 espécies, dos quais 12.369 indivíduos de 50 espécies no AI e 1.639 indivíduos de 75 espécies no AN. A diversidade e a equabilidade geral foram, respectivamente, 0,24 e 0,06 no AI e 3,42 e 0,79 no AN. Todas as variáveis apresentaram diferenças significativas demonstrando que A. heterophyllus modifica os ambientes onde se dispersa. Quanto aos solos, alguns elementos tiveram suas concentrações mudadas enquanto outros não. Constatou-se que A. heterophylus altera de forma contundente a riqueza de espécies, a diversidade da vegetação e os solos dos sítios invadidos, o que torna necessárias ações de mitigação para o controle da mesma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts caused by A. heterophyllus on the richness and diversity of vegetation, and the soils, in a fragment of open rainforest, in Areia, PB. The study area is located in the Campus II of Universidade Federal da Paraíba. In this fragment, 10 pairs of plots of 100 m² were established. Half of these sampling units (AI - environment invaded) were laid out so there was an adult A. heterophyllus in the center. Alongside each of these plots, one sample unit (AN - natural environment) was allocated. We evaluated the number of species, the abundance of individuals, diversity and evenness, and the chemistry of the soils. We sampled 14,008 individuals belonging to 79 species, of which there were 12,369 individuals and 50 species in the AI and 1,639 individuals and 75 species in the AN. The diversity and evenness of AI were 0.24 and 0.06, respectively, and for AN they were 3.42 and 0.79. All variables were significantly different showing that A. heterophyllus modify the environments where it grows. The concentrations of some elements in the soil changed while others did not. It was found that A. heterophylus forcefully alters species richness, diversity of vegetation and soils of invaded sites, which suggests that actions to control this species are necessary.

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (jackfruit) was man made introduced in Tijuca National Park (TNP) in the mid-1800s. Native from Southeast Asia, nowadays densely colonizes the TNP. Here we analyze some jackfruitpopulation parameters that probably allowed the local colonization followed by successful invasion of the newhabitat. Based on 20 sample plots, randomly placed inside 5 sites colonized by jackfruit, we described subpopulationshierarchical size diameter structures. Gini’s coefficient values turned around 0.64 and Lorenz’s asymmetrycoefficient around 1.03, indicating that size hierarchies were very similar between sites. The five sites were alsocompared and do not differ based on jackfruit basal area, number of species, Shannon’s index and canopyopenness. Jackfruit may, therefore, be considered invasive in all these sites and the low tree diversity values (H’overall mean 0.74) also indicates that this exotic species locally excludes native ones . Keywords : jackfruit, invasive species, biological invasion, population structure, Tijuca National Park, Brazil.

Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from enriched genomic libraries of Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) and tested in four Artocarpus species and one hybrid. The microsatellite markers provide new tools for further studies in Artocarpus. Methods and Results: A total of 25 microsatellite loci were evaluated across four Artocarpus species and one hybrid. Twenty-one microsatellite loci were evaluated on A. altilis (241), A. camansi (34), A. mariannensis (15), and A. altilis × mariannensis (64) samples. Nine of those loci plus four additional loci were evaluated on A. heterophyllus (jackfruit, 426) samples. All loci are polymorphic for at least one species. The average number of alleles ranges from two to nine within taxa. Conclusions: These microsatellite primers will facilitate further studies on the genetic structure and evolutionary and domestication history of Artocarpus species. They will aid in cultivar identification and establishing germplasm conservation strategies for breadfruit and jackfruit.