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S’interroger sur les lectures militantes dans le monde rural au xxe siècle ne peut que conduire à s’intéresser aux pratiques repérables au sein de la JAC, tant ce mouvement confessionnel est apparu à la fois, dans les décennies centrales du siècle, comme la principale organisation militante de la jeunesse rurale, et comme la matrice au sein de laquelle a été formée une bonne part des figures du syndicalisme agricole ayant émergé à partir des années 1960. Or, la place accordée à la lecture par...

Au cours du XXe siècle, l’intensification des pratiques de culture et d’élevage a imposé le hangar comme archétype de la construction rurale. Malgré l’investissement des architectes et des ingénieurs, cette révolution constructive a fait la part belle à des procédés techniques rustiques. Elle se diffusa au plus profond des campagnes, selon des modèles types portés tant par les constructeurs et les organisations du monde agricole que par l’État. Avec les années 1960, ces structures légères se complexifieront pour répondre à la spécialisation des productions. Leur généralisation conduira à l’abandon des bâtiments traditionnels et à la banalisation des paysages ruraux tandis que la nouvelle architecture des campagnes témoignera du succès d’un modèle agricole unique. During the XXth century, as farming practices intensified, the hangar became the archetype of farm buildings. Despite efforts made by architects and engineers to conceptualize the evolution, this new age of building gave priority to technical aspects. New building techniques spread to rural areas, encouraged by builders and farmers organizations as well as by the state. In the 60s, more complex structures appeared to match the ongoing specialisation of production processes. Under the effect of the generalisation of hangars, traditional farm buildings were progressively abandoned. The standardisation of rural landscapes and the new architecture of the countryside attest to the success of a unique farming model.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by defect of T- and B-cell immunity. In many cases of autosomal recessive SCID, thus far described, the molecular alteration involves genes encoding for molecules that participate in the signal transduction. We report on a patient affected by a combined immunodeficiency, characterized by severe T-cell functional impairment, in spite of a close to normal number of circulating mature type T and B cells. NK cells were absent. Associated with the immunodeficiency, this patient also showed short stature characterized by very low growth velocity, delayed bone age and absence of increase of the plasma levels of Insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I) after growth hormone (GH) in vivo stimulation indicating peripheral hyporesponsiveness to GH. Evaluation of the protein tyrosine phosphorylation events occurring following either T-cell receptor (TCR) or GH receptor (GHR) triggering revealed striking abnormalities. No molecular alteration of GHR gene was found, thus suggesting the presence of postreceptorial blockage. Mutational screening and expression analysis failed to reveal any molecular alteration of JAK2 and STAT 5 A/B genes thus ruling out the involvement of these genes in the pathogenesis of this form of SCID. Mutational analysis of IL2Rgamma chain gene revealed the presence of a L183S missense mutation, thus indicating an atypical and a more complex clinical presentation of this X-linked form of SCID. At our knowledge, this is the first report on the GH hyporesponsiveness in this disease.