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Wie kann eine klimagerechte Stadt in Zukunft aussehen? Ziele für diese Zukunft sind in zahlreichen Klimagesetzen und Klimaschutzplänen formuliert, aber der Weg dahin ist überwiegend unklar. Realexperimente in Form von temporär autofreien Zonen können Wege zu einer klimaverträglichen Gestaltung von Städten weisen.To reduce CO2 emissions to a sufficient extent, transformations are needed that have an impact and inspire people to imagine different futures. Real-life experiments (e. g., temporary car-free zones) are seen as a suitable instrument to induce transformation and to contribute to the mobility transition. Through a literature review on transformative research and the empirical case analysis of two temporary car-free zones in Hamburg, Germany, the transformative effect of real-life experiments was investigated. In this article, the history and evolution of experimental practice in urban spaces is described and four types of car-free zones are introduced. The analysis demonstrates that real-life experiments are drivers of transformation. A newly developed ideal-typical process, consisting of eight steps for initiating and planning temporary car-free zones is presented. It is aimed at helping practitioners design such zones to optimize their transformational power for sustainable urban development.

City-regional discourses around organisational forms offer little evidence to analyse and guide cooperative processes in a context-specific way. Design criteria can contribute to overcoming this deficit. This paper operationalises a proposed set of design criteria by drawing on the discourses on collaborative governance and land management. Subsequently, these design criteria are used to analyse an ongoing process for the development of a housing development concept in the Leipzig city region and to reflect on the criteria. This contributes to the question of how collaborative governance of land-use development in city regions should be designed. Important points of reference for the design of cooperations are the conscious selection of the actors to be involved and the development of mutual trust between them, joint definition of rules of the game for cooperation, determination of the nature of the emerging institution, orientation of the joint work towards the future and the development of a common understanding of the situation to be improved.

In sozial-ökologischen Transformationsprozessen nehmen Pioniere des Wandels eine Schlüsselrolle ein. Auf Basis qualitativer Interviews wird analysiert, welche förderlichen und hinderlichen Bedingungen auf das Wirken und die Verbreitung von Pionieraktivitäten Einfluss nehmen.

Der Klimawandel stellt bereits heute eine der zentralen gesellschaftlichen und volkswirtschaftlichen Herausforderung unserer Zeit dar, die insbesondere für Städte einen realen Veränderungsdruck erzeugt. Maßnahmen des Klimaschutzes und der Klimafolgenanpassung gewinnen daher zunehmend an Bedeutung, um Städte für die Herausforderungen von Morgen vorzubereiten. Die Maßnahmen betreffen dabei vielfältige Themenfelder wie Siedlungs- und Freiraumplanung, Mobilität, Land-, Wald- und Forstwirtschaft, über Naturschutz, Biodiversität, Energieversorgung und bis hin zu Gesundheitsschutz, Aufklärung und Einbindung der Öffentlichkeit. Dies stellt jedoch für viele Kommunen eine große Herausforderung dar, nicht zuletzt aufgrund der Komplexität des politischen Gefüges einer Stadt (Stichwort: Multilevel-Governance), der langwierigen Entscheidungs- und Planungsprozesse, dem Denken und Handeln in Ressortstrukturen sowie der angespannten finanziellen Lage deutscher Kommunen. Entsprechend stehen Städte bei zunehmendem Handlungsdruck immer wieder vor der Frage, mit welchen Instrumenten eine intelligente Steuerung von Klimaschutz und -anpassungsmaßnahmen erfolgen kann. Ziel des Projekts SMARTilience ist es daher, kommunale Entscheidungs- und Handlungsträgerinnen und -träger beim vorausschauenden, effizienten Klimahandeln zu unterstützen. Dazu wird im Projekt ein integriertes, sozio-technisches Steuerungsmodell für klimaresiliente Stadtentwicklung, eine sog. „Urban Governance Toolbox“, konzipiert und als Prototyp entwickelt. Entworfen und erprobt wird das Steuerungsmodell mit und in den Städten Halle (Saale) und Mannheim. In beiden Städten besteht bereits ein erhöhter Anpassungsdruck in Bezug auf verschiedene klimawandel-bedingte Fragestellung, wobei sich beide Städte an unterschiedlichen Punkten im Fortschritt ihrer Aktivitäten zu Klimaschutz und -anpassung befinden. Diese Bedingungen ermöglichen die Entwicklung eines praxisnahen und am Ende auf weitere deutsche Städte übertragbaren Steuerungsmodells. Das Poster hat zum Ziel, zum einen das Projekt kurz, aber zum anderen vor allen das Produkt Toolbox vorzustellen. Derzeit befindet sich die Toolbox in der Entwicklung. In den kommenden Monaten steht der Prototyp zu Verfügung, um entsprechend auf dem Plakat in Aufbau und Funktionsweise veranschaulicht zu werden.

In the framework of implementing the Regional Research and Innovation Smart Specialization Strategy for Lower Saxony, the Hamburg-Southern Elbe Region has employed a new governance process for boosting economic performance and innovation called “Smart Region”. The analysis demonstrates both the success factors and the main challenges behind the process, which are discussed in the wider context of international literature on regional innovation and territorial cooperation. The chapter is based on a thorough literature review, which sought to explore the role of multi-level cooperation in the definition of innovation priorities and the establishment of innovation processes. The body of literature on regional innovation processes defines the thematic networks, clusters and platforms as important cooperation formats for knowledge transfer and innovation promotion. In view of the range and variety of involved regional stakeholders, the Smart Region can be described as an innovation process with a focus on implementation.

The article argues that to reach circular economy goals urban regions need to identify and understand the challenges and opportunities originating from the differences in spatial settings, and to develop place-based solutions by adequately involving (local) stakeholders. Based on the case study that was conducted in Hamburg within the Horizon2020 project REPAiR, spatial specificities in five different urban areas shall be analysed and strategies that were developed in a co-creative process shall be explored. The results show that the spatial organisation of CE strategies depends on urban structures and stakeholders’ interest and needs to be embedded in the (local) governance setting and a spatial planning system.

The aim of this paper is to map the spatial variations in the size of the shadow economy within Brussels. Reporting data provided by the National Bank of Belgium on the deposit of high denomination banknotes across bank branches in the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, the finding is that the shadow economy is concentrated in wealthier populations and not in deprived or immigrant communities. The outcome is a call to transcend the association of the shadow economy with marginalized groups and the wider adoption of this indirect method when measuring spatial variations in the shadow economy.

Urban areas account for around 50% of global solid waste generation. In the last decade, the European Union has supported numerous initiatives aiming at reducing waste generation by promoting shifts towards Circular Economy (CE) approaches. Governing this process has become imperative. This article focuses on the results of a governance analysis of six urban regions in Europe involved in the Horizon 2020 project REPAiR. By means of semi-structured interviews, document analysis and workshops with local stakeholders, for each urban area a list of governance challenges which hinder the necessary shift to circularity was drafted. In order to compare the six cases, the various challenges have been categorized using the PESTEL-O method. Results highlight a significant variation in policy contexts and the need for these to evolve by adapting stakeholders’ and policy-makers’ engagement and diffusing knowledge on CE. Common challenges among the six regions include a lack of an integrated guiding framework (both political and legal), limited awareness among citizens, and technological barriers. All these elements call for a multi-faceted governance approach able to embrace the complexity of the process and comprehensively address the various challenges to completing the shift towards circularity in cities.

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of the first EU macro-regional strategies as a new instrument for territorial governance. This paper argues that both the benefits and limitations of the macro-regional approach are largely determined by the existing territorial, political, institutional and socio-cultural context of each big transnational area. Studying the debate about macro-regionalisation of the European territorial cooperation, the paper assesses the prospects for projection of the macro-regional idea upon the Black Sea area. It analyses the complex Black Sea regional context, marked by ongoing political and economic changes, studies the cooperation landscape in the area and concludes that despite the existing high level of multi-functionality in the Black Sea, the region currently lacks clear perspectives for the development of a comprehensive macro-regional approach.

Dieses Kapitel des Klimaberichts befasst sich mit den Handlungsspielraumen fur lokalen Klimaschutz, die spezifischen Formen lokaler Klima‐Governance sowie der Einbindung Hamburgs und der Metropolregion in ein komplexes Mehrebenensystem der Klima‐Governance. Da im vergangenen Klimabericht der Fokus auf Adaptationsprozessen lag, wird im Folgenden insbesondere das Thema Mitigation (Klimaschutz) beleuchtet. Anders als in der Anpassungsproblematik wird fur das Ziel der Mitigation haufig infrage gestellt, dass die lokale Ebene einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten kann. Daher wird hier zunachst eine grundlegende Einfuhrung in die Moglichkeiten lokaler Klima‐Governance im Ruckgriff auf die breit gefacherte internationale Forschungsliteratur geleistet, bevor auf dieser Grundlage eine Einordnung der spezifischen Bedingungen und Potenziale fur den Klimaschutz in Hamburg erfolgt. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei erstens auf einer Betrachtung der formal‐rechtlichen Instrumente und zweitens auf den weiteren informellen Governance‐Instrumenten. Dem Status von Hamburg als Stadtstaat kommt dabei eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Ausgeklammert bleibt eine ausfuhrliche Darstellung der Literatur zu finanziellen Anreizsystemen. Eine systematische Betrachtung der technischen Optionen (im Unterschied zu den Governance‐Aspekten) wird erst in Kap. 15 geleistet.

The successful implementation of transition toward sustainable energy systems requires suitable governance approaches on the local level that contribute to fundamental changes in the whole of the societal system. The decentralized orientation of renewable energies offers many options to a wide range of local stakeholders to actively contribute to energy transition. To activate and involve local business players as well as citizens, governance instruments should consider (apart from regulatory and legally binding as well as economic instruments) softer communicative and persuasive approaches. As a whole, cities have to deal with the challenge of implementing new forms of governance that meet the multi-dimensional nature of sustainability, the dynamics of structural change, and are suitable for the specific local and cultural circumstances.

Die sozial-okologische Transformation ist auf die Legitimitat und Akzeptanz der Entscheidungen sowie die Mobilisierung der Bevolkerung und organisierter Interessen angewiesen, um gesellschaftsvertragliche Losungen zu erlangen und vorhandenes Engagement wirksam aufzunehmen (Amna & Brundin 2010; WBGU 2011). Vor diesem Hintergrund kann die Energietransformation als eine Systeminnovation verstanden werden, die neben politischen und technologischen Innovationen einen gesellschaftlichen Wandel umfasst (WBGU 2011; Haberl et al. 2011), bei dem “social innovation as key factor for a sound transition to sustainability” zu verstehen ist (Mancebo 2015: 3). Soziale Innovation kann zivilgesellschaftlich interpretiert werden uber veranderte Lebensstile, neue Verhaltens- und Konsummuster (Howaldt, Kopp & Schwarz 2014; ZSI 1998) sowie die Organisation von Nischeninteressen (Geels 2005) und politisch (Governance) uber neue Organisationsformen, neue Regulierungen (Zapf 1994: 33) und neue Intermediare. Zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure konnen dabei als potentielle „Pioniere des Wandels“(WBGU 2011: 256-261) interpretiert werden, die als Schlusselakteure (Kristof 2010) des gesellschaftlichen Wandels wirken. Ein solches Prozessverstandnis lasst sich im Kreis Steinfurt (NRW) bei den dortigen Energiewendeaktivitaten z.B. im Bereich Burgerverantwortung und Energiesuffizienz beobachten.

In the 20th and 21st centuries, the world has experienced rapid urbanization and slum proliferation. Slum residents form a significant portion of urban populations and contribute to the development of cities. However, due to their highly concentrated consumption and waste production patterns, slums endure and exacerbate, among other things, environmental degradation. To date, our understanding of slums in Indian cities has been primarily based on census data and evidence from remote sensing images. These data do not yet provide spatial slum dynamics over time and are limited to static and statistical representation. In addition to the obsolescence of spatial data, the non-availability of consistent socio-economic data leads to data integration problems. Therefore, new approaches that consider the scarcity of data and the choice of analytical techniques are needed; planners without advanced technical training should also be able to easily apply these approaches. This study provides a comprehensive approach to examine the urban transformation of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT-Delhi), India, from 1971 to 2011. Combining data from multi-temporal remote sensing images, census population statistics, slum enumeration and the provision of essential services, these investigations reveal a previously undocumented rapid increase in built-up areas outside municipal boundaries. The findings confirm the spatial shift of slums from the city center towards the periphery. The analysis provides a revealing insight: the emergence and growth of slums are outcomes of the prevailing urban planning environment, the limited success of adopted policies and the government's inability to foster growth.

Challenges like climate change and peak oil are calling for a greater transformational process of urban regions. The vision of a regenerative and energy-efficient city with a high quality of life promotes an attractive future perception. The implementation requires changing urban metabolism from linear to circular. Promoting regional transformation encompasses creating new governance structures and realizing comprehensive measures. Acting on a municipal level, participation of society is as crucial as the active involvement of local actors and pioneers of vision. Changes of societal, political and economic framework conditions are strongly linked to an increase of individual awareness, activation of available resources and social learning processes. The paper outlines local transition processes of implementing this vision in four case study cities—Dobrich (Bulgaria), Modena (Italy), Munich (Germany) and Odense (Denmark). The research focused on identifying local actors and governance structures as well as strategies for communication and participation in municipal authorities.

Anpassung an den Klimawandel kann zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen, insbesondere wenn sie mit sozialen Innovationen einhergeht. Das Kapitel untersucht transformative Ansatze zur Anpassung, die im Angesicht von tiefgreifenden Klimarisiken notwendig werden und uber ein reines mainstreaming von Masnahmen in bestehende Instrumente hinausgeht. Geschildert wird deren Steuerung mithilfe von Rechts-, okonomischen und zunehmend auch informellen Instrumenten. Beispiele gelungener governance-Ansatze veranschaulichen die Moglichkeiten von Politik und privaten Akteuren, unter anderem durch Partizipation und Kommunikationsaktivitaten.

This paper uses a planning experiment to empirically investigate possible social learning outcomes of landscape and urban planning with benefits for decision-making. Building on C. Steinitz’ Framework for Alternative Futures Studies, a framework for participatory scenario-based landscape planning (SLP) is developed and used in a three-month climate adaptation planning process involving up to 37 local actors in Gartow, Germany. The evaluation of social learning outcomes follows the premise of action research and employs a mixed-method approach. The research shows that SLP can successfully generate social learning outcomes among participants. Observed social learning outcomes include gains in substantive knowledge (e.g. on climate change impacts), procedural knowledge (e.g. on alternative adaptation strategies), understanding of different perspectives, as well as social and technical skills. Participants named several potential impacts of social learning outcomes on their future decision-making, including enhanced awareness, altered agendas, and better social relations. The SLP process and its results formed the basis and inducement for further collaboration of local actors and external consultants in the development of a coordinated mission statement (Leitbild) for climate change adaptation.

Wo steht die urbane Fernerkundung heute? Ist sie bereits ein integraler Teil einer neuen, multidisziplinaren urbanen Geographie? Wie muss es in der Mitte des zweiten Jahrzehnts des 21. Jahrhunderts mit der urbanen Fernerkundung weitergehen? Reicht es aus, immer neuere und bessere Satelliten und Sensoren zu bauen oder brauchen wir ein anderes Verstandnis von raumlichen Informationen aus dem All? Renommierte Experten aus der methodischen sowie angewandten Fernerkundung sowie aus den Themenfeldern Geomatik, Stadtgeographie, Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Soziologie diskutieren Entwicklungen, Herausforderungen, Erwartungen und Visionen aus ihren fachlichen und personlichen Blickwinkeln heraus. Diese Perspektivenwechsel formulieren indirekt eine Zukunftsagenda fur die Fernerkundung in einem stadtgeographischen Kontext.

Cooperation and consensus-building play an important role in the discussion about the further development of society and the state. In planning theory both are seen as requirements for modern regional planning. Cooperative regional planning should orientate its sphere of influence to meet this demand. This means dealing with topics that are inter-sectoral, inter-communal, integrated, and regional. Themes that are especially important are sustainability, regional development and redevelopment, and environmental quality. Under these circumstances the instruments of regional planning dealing with informal cooperation and formal control have to be designed in a way to achieve a high level of synergy. Of main importance is the management of cooperation, because it is not natural that the actors involved, working on their own, will cooperate. This management aim of regional self-control, networklike working together, can assist with effective conflict solving and the mobilization of regional self-help. Regional...

Part 1 - Theoretical and Conceptual Framing of Climate Change Governance -- Part2 - Case Studies I : Policy-related and Governmental Approaches -- Part 3 - Case Studies II: Business-related and Technical Approaches.

Unternehmen und Wirtschaftsverbande beeinflussen zunehmend das offentliche Aufgabenfeld der Raumentwicklung durch eigene Plane und Positionierungsstrategien, die aktive Teilnahme an der politischen Entscheidungsfindung oder die Festlegung von Normen und Wertvorstellungen. Das Engagement privatwirtschaftlicher Akteure bei der Gestaltung des offentlichen Raums ist dabei keinesfalls neu, allerdings scheinen sich strategische Entscheidungen von Unternehmen mittlerweile nicht nur auf den eigenen Unternehmensbereich zu beziehen, sondern einen groseren Wirkungsbereich – bezogen auf den Gegenstand (themenubergreifend) und den raumlichen Zuschnitt (gesamtstadtisch oder stadtregional) – zu umfassen. Der Beitrag hinterfragt anhand ausgewahlter stadtregionaler Entwicklungsprozesse, welche Interessen uberregional agierende Unternehmen in Bezug auf den lokalen oder regionalen Standort verfolgen: Orientieren sich privatwirtschaftlich beeinflusste Entwicklungsprozesse eher an betriebswirtschaftlichen Motiven oder ubernehmen Unternehmen uneigennutzig Verantwortung fur den lokalen oder regionalen Standort, indem sie eigene Ressourcen fur das Gemeinwohl einsetzen? Kann in diesem Zusammenhang – in Anlehnung an „Corporate Social Responsibility“ – von einer „Corporate Spatial Responsibility“ gesprochen werden? Anhand einer Analysematrix werden die verschiedenen privatwirtschaftlichen Beeinflussungsstrategien systematisiert und in Bezug auf die Qualitaten einer zunehmend privatwirtschaftlich initiierten raumlichen Entwicklungspolitik kritisch reflektiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Agenda von Unternehmen und Wirtschaftsverbanden im Hinblick auf Prozesse der Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung nicht so umfassend ausgerichtet ist wie die der offentlichen Hand. Das gesellschaftliche und raumbezogene Engagement von Unternehmen erfolgt vorrangig dann, wenn es den Unternehmenszielen nicht entgegensteht und zur Steigerung des Betriebsergebnisses oder zur Imageforderung des Unternehmens beitragt.

Climate change is a cause for concern both globally and locally. In order for it to be tackled holistically, its governance is an important topic needing scientific and practical consideration. Climate change governance is an emerging area, and one which is closely related to state and public administrative systems and the behaviour of private actors, including the business sector, as well as the civil society and non-governmental organisations. Questions of climate change governance deal both with mitigation and adaptation whilst at the same time trying to devise effective ways of managing the consequences of these measures across the different sectors.

The projected impacts of climate change, not only flooding and the urban heat island, but also gradual changes, such as biodiversity loss or a reduction in the groundwater level, can become societal problems. The complex inter-relationships between stakeholders and societal coordination can be included under the term “governance”. The attributes of climate change governance will be outlined in this chapter. Attention is focused on societal scopes for designing and regulating climate change. Firstly, the specific demands for climate change governance are presented. Subsequently, the term governance is introduced, together with its various applications, and the different approaches and concepts regarding climate change governance are discussed. The conceptualisation of climate change governance is based on this spectrum. As this paper discusses, climate change governance is not an entirely new concept, but one that has many parallels with existing models for governance in other settings. Nevertheless, a re-evaluation of its role in this context still appears reasonable since climate change-related measures are characterised by specific features requiring their own regulatory framework. This includes the cooperation of different institutions and actors in addition to hierarchical forms of regulation, and describes the development of self-organising structures. Climate change governance can therefore be described as a broad range of options of coordination concerning climate change adaptation and mitigation.

For several years, the Academy for Spatial Research and Planning (ARL) and the Support Group for Spatial and Environmental Research (FRU) have jointly offered a mentoring-programme. The programme aims to increase the proportion of women in senior positions in the field of spatial and environmental planning through supporting young women pursuing careers in both research and practice. The mentoring programme thus serves as a means for the promotion of young talent and gender equality within the ARL. A one-year partnership between a mentee and an experienced mentor serves as the programme’s centrepiece. This article introduces the main targets and contents of the mentoring-programme and, in addition, discusses the results of a survey of mentees and mentors from the last five years. The survey examined motivations for participating in the programme, assessed expectations with regard to the partnership and asked participants to provide an overall evaluation of the programme. The article concludes by offering proposals for the future configuration of mentoring-programmes in research institutions. The authors form the managing committee of the FRU and jointly take the responsibility for the programme.

Metropolregionen sind in Gestalt und Zielsetzungen vielfältig. Ein Blick auf Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten jenseits der dominierenden Wachstums- und Wettbewerbsorientierung eröffnet dabei neue Perspektiven. In ausgewählten Handlungsfeldern könnten Metropolregionen nämlich einen wichtigen Beitrag zu einer nachhaltigen Regionalentwicklung leisten.

Concepts should fulfil different functions in the framework of a strategic spatial development: orientation, co-ordination, reflection, innovation and activation. How can the new “Concepts and Policy Strategies for Spatial Development in Germany” be placed in this respect? The article considers the orientation of the concepts towards growth and the provision of essential services as well as the strategy “reinforcing strengths”, the concentration of metropolitan regions connected with this and the economic orientation of spatial development. Do objective conflicts result with the orientation towards balance and with the overriding concepts of a sustainable spatial development? Which perspectives are offered by the new instrument of “large-scale communities of responsibility”? And with regard to the planning method: How can concept processes guarantee the necessary openness and adaptability? Further-reaching research questions are derived from the discussion.

The article considers the question how the dilemma of many regions can be solved that a conflict exists between the claim for an orientation towards innovation and the necessity of seeking a consensus between the regional actors. Innovation processes and the creation of consensus are two central functions of modern regional development (chapter 2). However, if one considers the logic of innovation and consensus, it becomes clear that both do not necessarily harmonise (chapter 3). The presented approaches for the separation as well as for the alignment of innovation and the finding of consensus structure the field of possible solutions in order to resolve the contradictions (chapter 4). The approaches for solutions can help to organise regional development processes more intelligently and with a greater orientation towards success (chapter 5).

There are very few regions in Germany today where the current discussion on future demographic developments is not being conducted against the backdrop of looming shrinkage or — at the very least — stagnation. With a population of over four million, the Hamburg metropolitan region is, however, one of these rare cases. All the signs here augur growth — both in the core city and in the surrounding area. The absence of any evident symptoms of a serious crisis possibly goes some way to explaining why there currently appear to be no significant impulses to embark on further steps towards consolidation of the region. Although clear progress has been recorded over recent years in respect of co-operation within the Hamburg metropolitan region, structural limits exist which cannot be overcome. This article present a critical appraisal of achievements to date and outlines perspectives for the future development of the Hamburg metropolitan region.

Co-operation has become a buzzword of our times, but it is both costly and conditioned. Based on empirical studies in Baden-Württemberg, Brandenburg, North Rhine-Westphalia and Saxony, it can be shown that regional planners run into difficulties with co-operative approaches: frequently they have to stage-manage co-operation, they are restricted in their selection to those topics which hold the prospect of win-win solutions, can muster only very few co-operands, are ill-equipped to take on the role of initiator, and more often than not are confronted with competing regional actors harnessing the regional willingness to co-operate. From the findings presented, conclusions are drawn as to how planners should improve the situation they find themselves in.

Veranderte Rahmenbedingungen wirken sich in eher widerspruchlicher Weise auf die Regionalplanung aus: Einerseits ist sie im Zuge der allgemeinen Diskussion um eine Verwaltungsreform in die Kritik geraten. Ihr werden mangelnde Flexibilitat, ubermasige Dauer der Verfahren, uberflussige Regelungsintensitat usw. vorgeworfen. Andererseits wird ihr wachsende Bedeutung bescheinigt, weil unter der Leitvorstellung der „nachhaltigen Raumentwicklung” eine integrative raumbezogene Planung als notwendig erachtet wird. Daraus hat sich in Theorie und Praxis ein paradigmatischer Wandel raumlicher Planung zugunsten eines kooperativen, eher auf Netzwerken basierenden und prozessual ausgerichteten Planungsansatzes entwickelt. Dieser kooperative Ansatz ist aber in einer formalisierten, hierarchisierten und sektoralisierten Verwaltungsstruktur sehr anspruchsvoll.

Die Regionalplanung und die Initiative „Südostniedersachsen 2020” zur Erstellung eines Regionalen Entwicklungskonzepts beschreiten neue Wege der Regionalpolitik im Großraum Braunschweig. Sie veranschaulichen damit exemplarisch, wie Elemente des neuen Anforderungsprofils eines Regionalmanagements in der Praxis eingesetzt werden. Gleichzeitig deuten sie an, welchen Herausforderungen sich die regionalen Akteure stellen müssen, wenn dieses planungsmethodische Konzept regional realisiert werden soll.

This chapter aims to discuss the role that recent developments in urban planning and territorial management in Portugal have played with regard to the outbreak of the financial and economic crisis. On another hand, it also intends to address the impacts that the crisis had on urban planning and territorial management in Portugal. To inform this discussion, an overview of the recent history of urban planning and territorial management in Portugal is presented, addressing the Municipal Master Plans. It analyses three specific periods: 1988-1998, when the first Municipal Master Plans were elaborated, 1998, the year of the publication of the first Ground Basis Law on Territorial Planning and Urbanism and 1998-2008, when the second generation of Municipal Master Plans was developed, already under the provisions of the new Ground Basis Law, and within the framework of the Strategic Environmental Assessment, calling for the consideration of new global ecological concerns. Such antecedents are important to understand the bilateral relations between urban planning and territorial management activities and the recent financial and economic crisis. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion