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Table S2. OR estimates between smoking-related variables and lung cancer risk by respondent type. This table presents the association between ever smoking (or CSI) and the logit of the lung cancer risk by respondent type. (DOCX 15 kb)

The authors describe a knowledge-engineering-based system for the diagnosis of piscine diseases that has been developed for use in fish farms rearing the economically important saltwater species Psetta maxima (turbot) and Dicentrarchus labrax (sea bass). The system combines production rules implemented using the commercially available knowledge-engineering tool INSIGHT 2+; functional decision processes are implemented in routines that are written in conventional language and called up by the main production rule system. The system design and diagnostic process are described, and results obtained are discussed. >

We investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on the risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) in a hospital-based case-control study in Brazil.A total of 784 cases of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx and 1578 non-cancer controls matched on age, gender, hospital area, and admission period provided information on alcohol drinking, smoking, and other characteristics via interview. Using logistic regression, we evaluated the relative risks (RR) of UADT cancer for different beverage types based on cumulative ethanol content exposure and frequency of consumption.Relative to nondrinkers of any alcohol, risks of UADT cancers varied across sites both with increased exposure to ethanol and by alcohol type. RRs at equivalent levels of ethanol consumption were highest for cancers of the mouth for hard liquor (6.9 for100 kg lifetime consumption, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.8-17.1) and cachaça (4.5 for 101-500 kg, 95% CI = 2.2-9.0). Although RRs increased with frequency of drinks per week, when evaluated against higher proportional alcohol intake, reductions in risk were observed for beer and wine.Although methods of measurement can influence the interpretation of the carcinogenic nature of alcohols, increased RRs persisted with continued exposure for all types.

Tobacco smoking has long been identified as the most important risk factor for upper aero-digestive tract cancers. To investigate the effect of different tobacco types and the benefit of smoking cessation, we analyzed data from a case-control study of 784 cases of mouth, pharynx, and larynx cancers and 1,578 non-cancer controls in three metropolitan hospital areas in Brazil. Subjects were interviewed as to their smoking and drinking habits, demographics, environmental exposures, occupational history, health characteristics, and diet. Controlling for total tobacco and alcohol consumption, risks for ex-smokers compared with current smokers decreased substantially with time since cessation of the habit. Compared with never smokers, ex-smokers of20 years had a relative risk (RR) of 1.98 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-3.8] for all upper aerodigestive tract cancers. RRs for long-term (20 years) ex-smokers tended to be lower for mouth (RR = 1.61) and pharynx (RR = 1.52) than for larynx (RR = 3.63) cancers. The benefit of quitting was strongest for commercial cigarettes (RR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.7-3.0) for ex-smokers of10 years, as compared with smoking of black tobacco (RR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.4-4.6), cigars (RR = 2.59, 95% CI = 0.6-11.6), and pipe tobacco (RR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.3-8.8).

We examined the relationship between dental health variables and risk of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers in a case-control study in Southern Brazil. The study population included 717 cases of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx and 1434 controls matched on age, gender, period of admission and study site. The association with dental factors was investigated by conditional logistic regression using extensive adjustment for a priori and empirical confounders, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, diet and sociodemographic variables. Lifetime use of dentures was not associated with risk of any UADT cancer, but history of oral sores secondary to ill-fitting dentures was associated with cancers of the mouth (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-4.6) and of the pharynx (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.2) among those using dentures. The association for mouth cancers was restricted primarily to an increased risk of tongue neoplasms (OR = 9.1, 95% CI 1.9-43.4). Less than daily tooth brushing frequency was also associated with risk of cancer of the tongue (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.3) and of other parts of the mouth (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.0-5.4). Having broken teeth was not significantly associated with risk of UADT cancer of any site. We conclude that poor oral hygiene due to infrequent tooth brushing and sores caused by dentures are risk factors for cancer of the mouth and that these associations are unlikely to be due to insufficient control of confounding.

A case report of a juxtarenal abdominal aortic obliteration, associated to a annulated right kidney, a 90% left renal arterial stenosis, hypertension and chronic renal failure is presented. An aortic desobliteration was performed, with a termino-terminal aortobifemoral prosthesis, a left aortorenal by pass and a right nephrectomy. The result was successfully and allowed a satisfactory evolution of its renal failure and hypertension.

Table S1. Lifetime prevalence of occupational exposure to IARC Group 1 lung carcinogens of the study subjects. This table presents the lifetime prevalence of occupational exposure to IARC Group 1 lung carcinogens (diesel engine emissions, crystalline silica, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysotile asbestos, nickel and its compounds, chromium (VI), cadmium and its compounds, arsenic and its compounds, beryllium and its compounds) by category of exposure (non-exposed, not substantial exposure or substantial exposure). (DOCX 18 kb)

Table S1. Lifetime prevalence of occupational exposure to IARC Group 1 lung carcinogens of the study subjects. This table presents the lifetime prevalence of occupational exposure to IARC Group 1 lung carcinogens (diesel engine emissions, crystalline silica, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysotile asbestos, nickel and its compounds, chromium (VI), cadmium and its compounds, arsenic and its compounds, beryllium and its compounds) by category of exposure (non-exposed, not substantial exposure or substantial exposure). (DOCX 18 kb)