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In this article, estimating the finite population means under simple random and stratified random sampling schemes. Our proposition is based on the notion of using auxiliary information in a more rigorous fashion. Specifically, we use ranks and squared values of the auxiliary information in addition to observed values of the auxiliary variable. The applicability of the proposed family of estimators is demonstrated by considering real data sets coming from diverse fields of applications. Moreover, the performance comparison is conducted with respect to a recently proposed family of estimators. The findings are encouraging and superior performance of the suggested family of estimators is witnessed and documented throughout the article.

Recent advance in medical education is in correlation with the advances in information technology and thus computer-based learning is being increasingly employed. The objective of the present study was to design and evaluate an e-learning module in anatomy and assess the perceptions of students and faculty about this e-learning module. The participating students were randomized into three groups by block stratified randomization and Google groups were created for each of the three groups. The e-learning module was implemented in three sessions by rotating the three groups. Validated questionnaires were sent to faculty and participating students via Google forms to obtain feedback. The results of ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference among the groups in terms of marks obtained with conventional (F = 2.403, P = 0.103), online (F = 6.050, P = 0.005), and blended (F = 5.801, P = 0.006). Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test, about the gain of knowledge, indicated that the results were insignificant when comparing the conventional group with the online group, but were significant when comparing the blended group with the conventional and online group. The qualitative data regarding the perception of students toward e-learning were analyzed using thematic analysis. The introduction of an interactive e-learning module in anatomy was effective and well received by the students and faculty. The study showed that blended learning has a positive impact on the students' learning by improving cognitive gain and receptive perception for e-learning.

Floods have serious implications on land and people. They disrupt the ecological balance, hamper the economic development, affect the social fabric of the society, create chaos, damage the infrastructure, put constraints on the movement of people and create displacement of millions of people. In 2014, Kashmir Valley witnessed the worst flood in the last 100 years. The impact of the flood is still felt in the Kashmir Valley, which has changed the perception of the people of the valley regarding floods. The flood had enormous impact on environment, economy, society, political set up and all the aspects of life. The present study analyses the impact of the 2014 flood in Kashmir valley and its aftermath. It analyses the physical and social vulnerability of different districts regarding floods and analyses the variability of the impact. The study is based on primary as well as secondary sources of data, and the data was analysed by statistical techniques like Z-score and composite Z-score and also remote sensing techniques and GIS.

Disaster deaths: Trends, causes and determinants, by Bimal Kanti Paul, demonstrates the scenario of disaster deaths in a comprehensive way, providing in-depth analysis of the determinants, trends a...

Narratives, human experiences, life histories and stories are powerful tools to understand a social phenomenon. Different kinds of pandemics and disasters create different types of stories and experiences. The human response to disasters seems to be generating or at least permitting an increase in property losses, especially in societies where economic growth is rapid and modern technology is spreading fast. Some hazards are created by persistent inhabitance of dangerous areas or by alteration of land or water, while others are exacerbated by efforts to reduce the risk. The disasters adversely affect societies but also give rise to heroic stories of survival and resilience. The North-Western Himalayan region is prone to several kinds of disasters like floods, earthquakes, landslides etc. One of the most disaster prone regions in North-Western Himalayas is Kashmir Valley. Kashmir Valley has witnessed several disastrous floods in the last century but the most disastrous flood in the recent history of the Union Territory is the September 2014 flood which affected all the aspects of life and resulted into death of 277 people. It also witnessed floods in 2015, 2017 and most recently in 2019 but they were not as devastating as the 2014 flood. The present study gives the ethnographic account of the recent floods in Kashmir Valley with special focus on 2014 flood. It gives account of the devastating loss and suffering of people due to the floods. The present ethnographic study goes deeper into understanding narratives of people, their experiences of the floods, account of several survival stories, the politics involved in relief and rescue, history of the people of Kashmir, the meaning behind the narratives and the meaning of belonging and communitarianism. It also provides insight into vulnerability of different classes of people to floods.

Handicraft activities occupy an important position in the economic structure of J&K State. Being environment friendly, these activities are best suited to the state as they are more labour intensive and less capital intensive in nature, thus having scope for employment generation at a large scale. The Kashmir handicraft products have earned worldwide fame for their attractive designs, functional utility and high quality craftsmanship. However this sector has suffered a lot due to unorganized market Lack of skilled workers new technology and absence of brand image. So in order to improve the production and branding of handicraft Geographical Indication is needed. Geographical Indication (GI) identifies a good/product as originating in a particular region, where a particular quality of the good is attributable to its place of origin. GI will help Jammu and Kashmir producers differentiate the uniqueness of the products from similar competing products, establish brand and goodwill of local products, fetch premium price for such products, and increase sales/export by protecting reputation of the products. The essence of GIs is that specific geographic locations yield product qualities that cannot be replicated elsewhere. GI-registered product is produced using the GI technology. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the status of the geographical indication in the state of Jammu and Kashmir as well as its prospect. The state has so far brought six of its ethnic and region specific products under geographical indication. All of these products belong to only one product category i.e. Handicrafts. The state has huge panorama of using geographical indication for its unique and famous ethnic and region specific products. However, lack of knowledge about intellectual property rights is not giving proper value and recognition to the geographical indication in the state.

Purpose In the recent times social media is considered as the most popular tool of communication among the students in India. Based on the assumption that the usage of social media is going to reinforce the academic performance among the medical students, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating effect of student engagement on the use of SM and AP of medical students of India. Design/methodology/approach The students were selected from the top three public-funded medical colleges of India. Almost 250 medical students took part in the survey. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used for the collection of the data. Structural equation modelling was used for the analysis of the final data. Findings The results of the study show that student engagement is a multi-dimensional construct. It was found that the behavioural and emotional engagement did not mediate the relationship between usage of social media and academic performance, whereas, the cognitive engagement did mediate the relationship. The outcome of the study depicts that the usage of the social media has a potential impact on the learning environment and enhances the cognitive engagement among the medical students and eventually their academic performance. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the effectiveness of social media in higher education learning among medical students. Furthermore, the study also looks at the mediating effect of Student engagement between usage of social media and academic performance. This will be helpful for the educator to know how social media can be useful for conducive learning. Originality/value The usage of the social media is claimed to enhance learning among the students but there is hardly any empirical evidence of the same. Therefore, the present paper looks at the combined effect of two distinct sets of literature, i.e., the influence of usage of social media on student engagement, and student engagement and academic performance. Linking the two studies the present paper looks at the usage of the social media, student engagement and academic performance among the medical students of India.

Object detection and tracking are the integral elements for the perception of the spatio-temporal environment. The availability and affordability of camera and lidar as the leading sensor modalities have used for object detection and tracking in research. The usage of deep learning algorithms for the object detection and tracking using camera and lidar have illustrated the promising results, but these sensor modalities are prone to weather conditions, have sparse data and spatial resolution problems. In this work, we explore the problem of detecting distant objects and tracking using radar. For the efficacy of our proposed work, extensive experimentation in different traffic scenario are performed by using our self-driving car test-bed.

The regularity of risk in modern societies permeates everyday life— from the air that we breathe, to the food that we eat, to the water we drink and to where we work and live. We live in a globalized world associated with risk societies which is caused by a myriad of global processes. These processes interact to produce an unforeseen dangers and endless array of risks. Kashmir being politically and ecologically fragile area needs a special understanding in terms of its physical and political geography. Kashmir suffered the worst flood in last 109 years in the year 2014. The present research analyses the disaster management in Jammu and Kashmir with special emphasis on causes of 2014 flood in Kashmir Valley. It digs deeper into the politics of urbanization and how the state has turned a blind eye to lake encroachment and land grab. The flood occurred due to the mismanagement of the resources and the faulty means of development. Increased level of urbanisation and its unplanned growth, and encroachment on the banks of Jhelum River proved to be detrimental to the environment and people. The other factors like deforestation, glacial melt and destruction of wetlands in the fragile Himalayan ecosystem particularly in the Western Himalayas, lack of proper disaster management plan in the valley, climate change, land grab, extensive catchment of Jhelum River, administrative laxity, lack of proper flood channel for Jhelum River etc. corroborated in the occurrence of the flood. The combination of these factors increased the vulnerability of the people to the 2014 flood in Kashmir Valley. Natural calamities are known to change politics, and floods are a great leveller. The political instability and unsettled conditions in Kashmir compound problems many times over.

The present study has attempted to create and examine a conceptually grounded working model that examines the moderating influence of utilitarian and hedonic shopping values with Indian grocery stores on the association between usage of Private Label (PL) and Store Loyalty (SL). For this, primary data was collected from 350 consumers, from different stores in India selling PL products. The theoretical model was analyzed using SEM. The findings of the study reflect that an inverse relationship between PL usage and SL. However, the presence of utilitarian shopping value reverses this into a positive linkage between PL usage and SL. This finding reflects some intriguing ramifications for retailers and corporate. For instance, evolving and aligning different marketing strategies help the retailers in creating the necessary USV so as to create shopping involvement that may help retailers to upgrade their SL in a favourable manner over the long term. Earlier research has not examined the involvement of PL items from the viewpoint of shopping value. Subsequently, this paper endeavours to examine the regulating effect of shopping value on the PL consumption and SL.

Raja Rao 1908 2006 is one of the best Indian novelists writing in English. He occupies a central position in any discussion of Indian English literature. He is the foremost of those writers whose work has placed Indo English literature on the map of world literatures. His first and best known novel, Kanthapura 1938 earned him an international acclaim and acceptance as one of the major novelists in Indian English literature. Kanthapura is a novel dealing with the impact of the Gandhian freedom struggle on a remote South Indian village of that name. In this novel Raja Rao uses myths and legends to enrich the texture of the novel and impart to it a rare expansiveness, elevation and dignity. The paper attempts to show parallelism between Ramayana and Kanthapura by examining Raja Rao's artistic use of myth in the novel. Ishfaq Hussain Bhat "Use of Myth in Kanthapura: Parallelism Between Ramayana and Kanthapura" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5940.pdf

Today’s arena of global village organizations, social applications, and commercial websites provides huge information about products, individuals, and activities. This is leading to a plethora of content that requires effective handling to obtain the desired information. A recommendation system (RS) suggests relevant items to the user according to his/her desired preference. It processes various information related to users and items. However, RSs suffer from data sparsity. Generally, deep learning techniques are used in RSs for deep analysis of item contents to create precise recommendations. However, the effective handling of user reviews in parallel with item reviews is still an open research domain that can be further explored. In this paper, a hybrid model that handles both user and item metadata concurrently is proposed with the aim of solving the sparsity problem. To demonstrate the viability of the proposed methodology, a series of experiments was performed on three real-world datasets. The results show that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches to the best of our knowledge.

Product redesign is not a straightforward task, specifically for complex commodities. Engineering change requirements can be evoked in any phase of the product development process, thus making engineering change management a challenging task. The motive of this study is to explore the best possible way of managing engineering change requirements taking execution sequence of change requirements into consideration. In this article, a new approach supporting engineering change requirements implementation sequence, by considering the risk associated with engineering changes, is presented. The risk of the redesign is hard to foresee since the engineering change effects are being dispersed from the instigating component to other associated components. In this article, the term of rework-risk is used for the amount of rework needed to be done to redesign the products’ components. The practicality of suggested method is analyzed using the redesign of an optical mouse as a case study. Managing engineering change requirements in a group with proper sequence can ensue with a 15% decrease in the redesign duration as compared with the prompt implementation of engineering change requirements. Conversely, it can also cause 36.23% increase in the redesign duration, if not handled in an appropriate sequence. The results from a single, simple case, indicates that running engineering change requirement batches can be beneficial.

Multicore architectures are mainstream due to ever increasing demand of throughput by modern applications. However, the suboptimal utilization of available resources in these architectures may impl...

Design projects have been surrounded by tight schedule and cost overruns. Therefore, it is indispensable to resolve the design changes in an economical way. This work introduces an advanced technique to assess and optimize change propagation paths for multiple change requirements occurring simultaneously during the product development process. A novel multiple change requirement algorithm and a mathematical model considering the overall propagated risk are developed, to explore cost-effective change propagation paths in terms of lead time. The risk is quantified with regard to propagation likelihood and change impact, which results in re-work. Design structure matrix framework is used to capture the dependencies between components. It is revealed that the change requirements execution sequence has a significant effect on the total number of change propagation paths, change steps, distinct change components, and completion time. This approach is illustrated by a case study, which indicates that the proposed methodology can assist the designer in exploring and selecting optimal change propagation paths.

This paper presents an adaptive mesh methodology to construct simulation source which has unlimited spectrum coverage for the discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method. The limitation of grid size (i.e., λ/20) for the construction of time-domain signal is relaxed by using a nonuniform sampling technique. The excitation source is modeled by using a standard gauss pulse with a nonuniform sampling rate. The modeling is tested for broadband spectrum coverage of up to hypothetical frequencies (e.g., X-ray: $\text{10}^{\text{18}}$ Hz and Gamma-ray: $\text{10}^{\text{20}}$ Hz). The problem of memory for dealing with such a high frequency during fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis is resolved by reducing the number of points used for calculating the FFT. Then, multiscale structures composed of contrasting thicknesses (small thickness and ultrasmall thickness with wide thickness) are analyzed for the input reflection coefficients up to 10 GHz. The improvement in computational resources of the adaptive mesh techniques in terms of execution time is compared with that of the uniform mesh technique. The adaptive mesh technique uses an optimal number of finite elements for the discretization of the computational domain, hence, saving plenty of time while finding the numerical solutions. The whole analysis is performed by using the DGTD method in one dimension and the truncation of the boundary for the normally incident wave is achieved by employing the first-order Silver-Muller absorbing boundary condition (SM-ABC).

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) is beyond doubt the greatest dramatist of all time. He occupies a position unique in world literature. His plays earned him an International acclaim and acceptance as the best dramatist in the entire history of English literature. His play, The Tempest has been interpreted differently by critics belonging to different schools of thought. "The Post-colonial readings of The Tempest were inspired by the decolonization movements of the 1960s and 1970s in Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America."1 The paper attempts a postcolonial reading of The Tempest by questioning Prospero's ownership of the island and rethinking the role of Caliban.

The adverse environmental conditions build a bottleneck for the autonomous driving. This challenge is resolved by data fusion of sensor modalities. Here, thermal and Lidar data are fused together for the precise perception of environment.

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the foremost parameter which provides insight into the design and performance of any receiver. The pulse parameters accuracy and probability of detection of a receiver are directly estimated by calculating the SNR. Measurement of SNR Rf (SNR at RF level) and SNR video (SNR at video level) in analog receivers has brought much disagreement among different authors. This paper presents a straightforward methodology for estimating the SNR Rf and SNR video in microwave receivers in both theoretical and practical sense. The calculations and practical experiments are performed by employing successive detector log video amplifier (SDLVA) receiver which is the basic component used in electronic warfare (EW) systems for transforming radio frequency (RF) signals into a baseband (video) signals. The relation between SNR Rf and SNR video is explained and a new formulation is proposed for the noise limited case of SDLVA. The proposed methodology is validated by using a broadband SDLVA receiver having an operational frequency as 2 - 18 GHz, video logging slope as 50 mV/dB, and dynamic range as 75 dB. In general, the proposed method can be employed to estimate SNR of any microwave receiver.

Raja Rao is beyond doubt one of the most prominent Indian novelists writing in English. He has laid a strong foundation to Indian English Novel together with Mulk Raj Anand and R. K. Narayan. Raja Rao, in particular, has been very instrumental in the development of Indian English Novel. His novels are replete with Indian sensibility characterized by his unique style and subject matter. His first and best known novel Kanthapura is a remarkable expression of the Indian sensibility. The novel is Indian both in theme and treatment. Acceptance of an Indian way of writing in English and Indianization of the novel as a form of literature is what makes Raja Rao postcolonial in style.1The paper attempts a postcolonial reading of Kanthapura focusing on Raja Rao's style characterized by Indian sensibility and Indianness. Ishfaq Hussain Bhat "Kanthapura as a Postcolonial Text: Treatment of Indian Sensibility in Kanthapura" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd6981.pdf

Objective; To determine the frequency of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with retinopathy. Methodology:- This descriptive study was carried out in the Out Patient Department Nishtar Hospital Multan from June 2017 to December 2018. Sample size of 296 was calculated according to formula. Results:- Of these 300 study cases, 179 (59.7%) were male while 121 (40.3%) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 52.10 ± 5.65 years (with minimum age was 42 years while maximum age was 60 years). Majority of our study cases had low educational level such as illiterate i.e. 60 (20%), primary education in 71 (23.7%) secondary education53% while only 3 % had bachelors degree or above. Mean duration of diabetes was 14.18 ± 2.73 years (with minimum duration of disease 10 years and 19 years was maximum duration of the disease). Among these patients Grade III diabetic retinopathy was more prevalent i.e. 149 (49.7%) followed by grade IV retinopathy i.e. 100 (33.3%) and grade11 retinopathy (17%). Diabetes was controlled (HbA1c30kg/m2) was present in 101 (33.7%) of our study cases. Microalbuminuria was present in 121(40.3% of our study cases. Conclusion:- Very high frequency of microalbuminuria was noted in patients with diabetic retinopathy in our study. &nbsp

Background; Warts are common epidermal growths caused by human papillomavirus that often cause significant discomfort and embarrassment. Current treatment options include topical therapies, cryotherapy, laser vaporization, and surgical excision. Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral zinc sulphate versus topical application of salicylic acid (16.7%) & lactic acid (16.7%) combination in the treatment of plantar warts. Material and Methods; Group A, having 78 patients, was given oral zinc sulphate (10 mg/kg/day) in 2 or 3 divided doses. In group B, 78 patients were advised to apply a combination of salicylic (16.7%) & lactic acid (16.7%) once at night daily. In group A, using oral zinc sulphate, the treatment was given for two months and follow up continued for next 1 month. In group B, the topical preparation was also continued for 2 months or till the complete removal of warts. Results; Of these 156 study cases, 94 (60.3 %) were male patients while 62 (39.7 %) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 34.42 ± 9.87 years. Monthly family income up to Rs. 30000 was noted in 68 (43.6%) while 88 (56.4%) had monthly family income more than Rs. 30000. Mean weight of our study cases was 61.96 ± 10.29 kilograms. Mean height of our study cases 161.24 ± 12.23 centimeters. Mean BMI of our study cases was 26.52± 1.87 kg/m2 and obesity was present in 31 (19.9%) of our study cases. Mean no. of lesions was noted to be 5.30 ± 2.45 lesions (with minimum no. of lesions was 4 and maximum no. of lesions was 10) and 131 (84%) had up to 5 lesions. Mean duration of disease was 4.69 ± 1.61 months and 112 (71.8 %) had disease duration up to 6 months. Efficacy was noted in 110 (70.5 %). Efficacy in group A was noted to be 83.3 % and in group B was 57.7 % (p= 0.001). Conclusion; Our study results support the use of oral Zinc Sulphate in the treatment of plantar warts as compared to the salicylic acid (16.7%) and lactic acid (16.7%) combination. Efficacy of Zinc Sulphate was significantly higher when compared with combination therapy and it was found to be safe and reliable mode of treatment having no side effects were observed in our study. Use of Zinc Sulphate can help to reduce chance of recurrence and disease morbidity. Being cost effective, it provides cheaper mode of treatment as compared with cryotherapy which is quite expensive which will provide economic relief to our large poor population. Early treatment can help patients to maintain routine daily lives and physical activities such as sports without any pain and side effects

Background; Warts are common epidermal growths caused by human papillomavirus that often cause significant discomfort and embarrassment. Current treatment options include topical therapies, cryotherapy, laser vaporization, and surgical excision. Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral zinc sulphate versus topical application of salicylic acid (16.7%) & lactic acid (16.7%) combination in the treatment of plantar warts. Material and Methods; Group A, having 78 patients, was given oral zinc sulphate (10 mg/kg/day) in 2 or 3 divided doses. In group B, 78 patients were advised to apply a combination of salicylic (16.7%) & lactic acid (16.7%) once at night daily. In group A, using oral zinc sulphate, the treatment was given for two months and follow up continued for next 1 month. In group B, the topical preparation was also continued for 2 months or till the complete removal of warts. Results; Of these 156 study cases, 94 (60.3 %) were male patients while 62 (39.7 %) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 34.42 ± 9.87 years. Monthly family income up to Rs. 30000 was noted in 68 (43.6%) while 88 (56.4%) had monthly family income more than Rs. 30000. Mean weight of our study cases was 61.96 ± 10.29 kilograms. Mean height of our study cases 161.24 ± 12.23 centimeters. Mean BMI of our study cases was 26.52± 1.87 kg/m2 and obesity was present in 31 (19.9%) of our study cases. Mean no. of lesions was noted to be 5.30 ± 2.45 lesions (with minimum no. of lesions was 4 and maximum no. of lesions was 10) and 131 (84%) had up to 5 lesions. Mean duration of disease was 4.69 ± 1.61 months and 112 (71.8 %) had disease duration up to 6 months. Efficacy was noted in 110 (70.5 %). Efficacy in group A was noted to be 83.3 % and in group B was 57.7 % (p= 0.001). Conclusion; Our study results support the use of oral Zinc Sulphate in the treatment of plantar warts as compared to the salicylic acid (16.7%) and lactic acid (16.7%) combination. Efficacy of Zinc Sulphate was significantly higher when compared with combination therapy and it was found to be safe and reliable mode of treatment having no side effects were observed in our study. Use of Zinc Sulphate can help to reduce chance of recurrence and disease morbidity. Being cost effective, it provides cheaper mode of treatment as compared with cryotherapy which is quite expensive which will provide economic relief to our large poor population. Early treatment can help patients to maintain routine daily lives and physical activities such as sports without any pain and side effects

In this paper, a new family of estimators for the population mean is proposed using supplementary information on the mean and distribution function of the auxiliary variable. The expressions for the bias and mean square error of the proposed estimator are obtained under first order of approximation. The proposed estimator is compared with the existing estimators of the population mean (theoretically and numerically). A numerical study is conducted to examine the efficiencies of the existing and proposed estimators. It turns out that the proposed estimator is always more efficient than its existing counterparts in terms of percentage relative efficiency.

Generation of a mesh is the first step in the development of electromagnetic (EM) field solver and mesh quality plays vital role in defining the consumption of computational resources like execution time and memory usage. The modeling of regular structures (structures whose interfaces coincide with the mesh cells) using simple mesh grids is easy to achieve but for irregular structures (structures whose interfaces do not coincide with mesh cells) is hard to achieve. Different methods have already been proposed to deal with domain decomposition for the irregular structures, e.g., thin-layer problems. The methods include subgridding and fine-mesh generation in the locality of the thin layers. This high resolution in the domain decomposition leads to the redundancy of number of cells in the computational domain hence demanding for extra computational resources. This paper presents two adaptive mesh generation techniques in 1-D which have successfully integrated the complicated multilayer structure composed of irregular thicknesses. Adaptation in the mesh for the discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) based EM solver is achieved by using i) nodes displacement, and ii) node insertion methods. The two methods use an optimum number of nonoverlapping elements (K) for the domain decomposition and adapt the locations of the nodes to incorporate the complex structures. Algorithms and associated methodologies for the two techniques are presented and their validation is achieved by comparing the numerical results with the analytical results for an irregular structure composed of multilayer with different values of thickness. High accuracy is achieved by the both methods but tradeoff exists between the complexity of the algorithms and the execution time. The node displacement method has a complex algorithm and consumes lesser execution time while the node insertion method has the simplest algorithm but requires more execution time for solving the same problem.

Time-domain based electromagnetic (EM) field solvers choose electric and magnetic fields as their initial conditions which are the function of space and time. The variation of fields with respect to time in the computational domain is observed at some observation point and frequency response is obtained by using fast Fourier transformation (FFT). In order to perform broadband simulation up to the frequency of interest, the time domain signals must support the requisite spectrum coverage. This paper uses the standard theory of space decomposition in discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) method and analyses the effects of different types of sampling on spectrum coverage of gauss pulse. The computational domain is discretized into K number of nonoverlapping elements (known as h-refinement) and each element uses Nth order of polynomial interpolation (known as p-refinement). The interpolation is achieved by using N p number of interpolating nodes. The K elements can be uniform or nonuniform and the distribution of interpolating nodes inside each element can also be uniform or nonuniform. The combination of all these four schemes, i.e., i) Uniform h and uniform N p , ii) Uniform h and nonuniform N p , iii) Nonuniform h and uniform N p , and iv) Nonuniform h and nonuniform N p , have an effect on the sampling of the time-domain signal. This variation in the sampling rate of the time-domain signal causes variation in bandwidth coverage of the frequency-domain spectrum. The selection of suitable combination, defined by a different value of K and N, helps in the modeling of the excitation source for the DGTD based time-domain EM field solver. The Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto (LGL) nodes distribution is selected as nonuniform N p . After series of simulations, the best combination for the sampling of the time-domain source is selected to be the ‘Nonuniform h and nonuniform N p ’. The variation in the bandwidth coverage of the spectrum is also studied with respect to the variation in the smallest size of an element. The higher coverage of bandwidth can be achieved only by changing few sampling points in nonuniform h and nonuniform N p .

This paper presents the design of a rectangular patch antenna array for 5G wireless communication using CST microwave studio. Rogers RT5880 LZ dielectric with properties of h = 0.762 mm, e = 1.96 and δ = 0.0025 has been used as a substrate of the proposed design. The length of the single patch antenna is 3.0526 mm and width of the patch is 4.2352 mm. The distance between two antenna elements is 0.63λ. The side lobe level and half beam width of two element array are reduced as compare to a single element. The return loss of proposed design is less than −10 dB. The single patch antenna is working in the range of 26.5 GHz to 28.8GHz, having 8.2% impedance bandwidth and gain is 7.8dB. For two element antenna array, the impedance bandwidth is increased up to 28.86% and also gain is increased.

The performance of amplitude- and phase-based passive direction finding (DF) systems is evaluated in a multi-path environment. For performance analysis and fair comparison, a parametric circular DF array is modelled and analyzed in a two-wave (direct and reflected) environment. The parameterized model varies the aperture size and number of antenna elements of DF array, frequency, strength and angle-of-incidence of direct and reflected waves. The root-mean-square (RMS) bearing error is estimated for all the possible combinations of the said parameters. The MATLAB simulation results based on the analytical model show the better reflection immunity of the phase-based direction finding system in a multi-path environment, subject to the selection of appropriate antenna-pattern and field-of-view.

The introduction of the space object conjunction method in electromagnetic compatibility modeling and simulation is quite a novel concept. It is useful for the stochastic analysis of an electromagnetic (EM) environment which is based on the probability of conjunction assessment. The space conjunction methodology is anticipated as the frontline defense for the protection of active satellites in space. EM congestion occurs in an environment with the increase in the number of operational EM devices. In a theoretical sense, this congestion is analogous to the space conjunction. Therefore, the space conjunction model can be applied in the EM scenarios. In this paper, we have investigated the application of the defined conjunction model by using the analytical expression of the probability of electromagnetic conjunction, which is based on the orbital parameters of the system under test. Additionally, we have elaborated the influence of these orbital parameters on the probability of conjunction. The simulations have been performed by considering different EM scenarios and the results are validated by using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that errors in the analytical and Monte Carlo simulations are within a 1% range, which makes the analytical model effective. Computationally, the proposed analytical model is cost effective as compared to the numerical method, i.e., Monte Carlo. Moreover, from the results, it has been validated that the probability of conjunction increases with the increase in transmitted power and decreases with the compatible threshold limit of the receiving system, thus, making this method useful for analyzing the electromagnetic environment and as a frontline safety tool for electromagnetic systems.

Retailing in India has been at the growth trend in recent years. India has seen a huge increase in number of players coming in organised sector. The food and grocery sector is the largest category with in the retail sector India. India is ranked 6th largest country in terms of food and grocery. In order to survive in the market competition, having loyal customers can be beneficial to organisations. So retailers look at different aspects to keep customers intact. Store Image has become one of the most important factors for the survival and development of stores. In this paper, a model of relationships among the multidimensional variables of store image, trust and commitment to the store is formed and tested with a sample size of 209 customers in three stores in the metro city of Hyderabad. The important conclusion of the research is that several interrelations among store image, trust and store commitment exist. The result showed that Store Image indirectly influences Store Loyalty through Trust. The results also show significant gender differences in perceptions of store image. These results provide several important insights for managing supermarkets and are also important for future research.