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As a consequence of the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, there is an urgent need to provide the defence forces with weapons and military equipment. Under the conditions of the enemy’s influence and destruction of enterprises of the defence-industrial complex, lack of sufficient human, production, time and financial resources, disruption of logistics processes and damage of transport infrastructure, impossibility of export-import operations, a sharp increase in the arms production becomes impossible. Therefore, the international financial assistance of partners and Ukraine Lend-Lease Act enacted by US Congress create the possibility for the Armed Forces of Ukraine to acquire the necessary capabilities and to get closer to victory over the enemy, regardless of its numerical superiority in personnel and weapons. The article examines the peculiarities of the provision of international assistance by partners, which is a guarantee of proper protection of the country and victory in the war., Через повномасштабну агресію РФ проти України виникла гостра необхідність забезпечення складових сил оборони озброєнням і військовою технікою. В умовах впливу та знищення противником підприємств оборонно-промислового комплексу, відсутності достатніх людських, виробничих, часових та фінансових ресурсів, порушення логістичних процесів, транспортної інфраструктури, унеможливлення проведення експортно-імпортних операцій різке збільшення обсягів виробництва озброєння стає неможливим. Тому міжнародна фінансова допомога партнерів та прийняття ленд-лізу США створює можливість набуття Збройними Силами України необхідних спроможностей та наближення перемоги над противником, не зважаючи на його чисельну перевагу в особовому складі та озброєнні. У статті розглянуто особливості надання міжнародної допомоги партнерів, яка є запорукою належного захисту країни та перемоги у війні.

Through the complementarity principle of the InternationalCriminal Court, international criminal law enforcement istransferred from international courts to national courts. This hasled to an increase of international actors’focus on national courtsto achieve international criminal justice. The Democratic Republicof the Congo (DRC) presents a significant example to examinethe prosecution of international crimes by national courts andinternational actors’support to Congolese legal system topromote complementarity and international criminal justice.International actors provide assistance to mobile hearings toprosecute international crimes and to implementcomplementarity at the national level in the eastern DRC. Thisarticle explores mobile hearings through their role inimplementing complementarity in the DRC and international andnational influences on mobile hearings regarding the prosecutionof international crimes. The main argument is that althoughmobile hearings are significant to bring justice closer to localcommunities and increase the visibility of justice in remote andrural areas, their independence is in question as a result of theselective interest of international actors and political interferencescoming from Congolese political and military elites

Ход Афганской войны (1979 г. по 1989г г.) на сегодняшний день знаком далеко не каждому жителю Российской Федерации, а так же иных стран бывшего Советского Союза. В конце прошлого века из-за яростных политических реформ и экономических кризисов афганская кампания была вытеснена из общественного сознания, но сегодня, когда проделана значительная работа историков, возникла возможность беспристрастно взглянуть на события минувших военных лет.

After several long decades of civil war Afghanistan since 2001 has been the main focus of attention not only of leading political and economic analysts and researchers around the world. Western political scientists have already dubbed Afghanistan as «a failed state» due to continuing instability and internal conflicts. Nevertheless, many experts consider this formulation to be an exaggeration because since 2001 the government has made some positive changes. Summarizing the results of the analysis, the author concluded that today Kabul faces a difficult task to improve the life of the population, which can be achieved by stabilizing the domestic situation and by economic development.

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) started its operations in Egypt in 1975. Its work on education development included supporting access and gender equity, community participation, professional development, and also extended to policy reforms. Education Reform Program (ERP) was one of USAID’s initiatives implemented between 2004 and 2009. The program intended to support the Egyptian Ministry of Education (MOE) with strategies to enhance a system-wide reform. It also piloted school-based reform in 256 schools across seven governorates. This study explores the sustainability of practices that were advocated as part of ERP’s professional development (PD) component. A qualitative approach was adopted to afford a better understanding of the long-term impact of ERP’s PD activities. Document analysis and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools with 38 participants (teachers, heads of training units, and administrators) in four selected schools. Participants were asked about the PD practices at their schools, and the sustainability of changes introduced as part of ERP. Results highlight varying degrees of continuity of practices across participating schools and individuals and offer implications for future consideration.

International relations have influenced the construction of early African school systems, from the establishment of the first Islamic, and later on, Christian schools, to the impetus given to the development of education during the colonial period. In spite of the reforms undertaken through 1960-1980 and of the rapid development of schooling that occured in that period, the African school systems have remained very linked to those of the former metropolises. Structural Adjustment Programs and an increasing involvement of international donors have amplified the process of globalization. Drawing from findings of field surveys in several countries of West Africa, this article discusses the scientific literature to show how the international agenda and assistance influence the transformation of African school systems., Les relations internationales ont très tôt influencé la construction des systèmes scolaires africains, de l’implantation des premières écoles coraniques, puis des écoles de mission, au développement scolaire impulsé durant la période coloniale. Aux indépendances, les systèmes scolaires africains sont restés très dépendants de ceux des anciennes métropoles, même si les années 1960-1980 ont permis aux États africains de promulguer des réformes et d’assurer un développement rapide de l’ensemble du système scolaire. Les processus de mondialisation dans le champ éducatif se sont amplifiés suite à la mise en place des Programmes d’ajustement structurel et à l’intervention accrue des donateurs internationaux. A partir d’enquêtes de terrain menées dans plusieurs pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest, confrontés à la littérature scientifique, cet article montre comment l’agenda international et l’aide influencent la transformation des systèmes scolaires africains., Lange Marie-France. École, relations internationales et mondialisation en Afrique. In: Spirale. Revue de recherches en éducation, n°51, 2013. Éducation et mondialisation, sous la direction de Régis Malet et Éric Mangez. pp. 97-112.

The UN Peacebuilding Commission recent undertook a review process and is now focusing on a new strategy that highlights the need to strengthen the link between security and development.

This article examines the crisis of capitalist seduction through the lens of online shopping platforms that raise funds for international assistance organizations and development celebrity advertising. Consumer-based giving has altered the commodity fetish into cliché, subsequently masking the capitalist produced crisis of endemic poverty and global inequality. Celebrity supported consumer-based giving and product advertising are used to illustrate the seductions of capitalism. This article argues that international assistance organizations are embedded in the substance and lifeblood of capitalisms’ dependence on inequality and poverty to generate profits/wealth. Consumer driven assistance remains a pervasive crisis hidden by seductive shopping platforms camouflaged as compassion.

The first decade of the new millennium saw an upsurge in global financing for health. When the world took stock of progress on the Millennium Development Goals in mid-2010 the one addressing maternal health showed the least progress. Did maternal health miss the boat? In mid-2010 the Secretary-General of the United Nations launched a “Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health”, also known as the “Every Woman Every Child” initiative. Has the tide now turned in favour of maternal health? The authors try to answer this question by first examining whether maternal health really missed out with respect to increased global funding and why this may have occurred. They then assess whether the new initiative will make a difference by comparing several elements of the approach taken by HIV/AIDS activist to that of maternal health activists. They suggest that real progress requires international financing, thus pledges must become robust and reliable commitments. They conclude that the absence of an organisational structure in the current initiative means the global maternal health financing revolution will probably not happen.

We examine how the source of foreign aid affects the composition of the recipient government's spending. Does the source of aid -- bilateral or miltilateral -- influence ricipient policy-makers' choice between development and nondevelopment expenditure? We depart from previous literature by introducing strong asymmetries in policy-maker's preferences. With financial constraints set by foreign aid and domestic revenues, this formalization allows us to model and estimate the fiscal behavior of government policy-makers in the presense of foreign aid.