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This article concentrates on the development of an inner-city imaginary, and a linked suburban imaginary, in the era of post-war reconstruction and post-colonial migration. It argues that these two historical processes – reconstruction and migration – need to be seen as interlinked phenomena, which bound the histories of race and class together. First, it proposes that understanding how the inner city developed and was lived as a structure of feeling requires attending to its meaning both among those who peopled its often-nebulous borders, and among those who escaped it but nonetheless measured their escape by it. Second, it proposes that understanding the popular force of inner city and suburb as imaginative spaces means recognizing how they became crucial landscapes in a revived culture of respectability, which in the second half of the twentieth century became a racialized culture. This was the other migration that defined what the inner city meant.

Using the 1980 St. Paul’s riot as a point of departure, this article retrospectively explores migration policymaking in Bristol during the 1950s and 1960s. It charts some of the deliberations, policies and practices of three local actors who played key roles in the city’s debates and developments on migration and integration: the police, charitable, community, religious and voluntary groups and organisations, and the municipality. In doing so, it exposes a complex urban policy arena comprised of varied, multifaceted and ever-changing responses to Commonwealth immigrants, and West Indians in particular. Overall, the article argues that Bristol’s migration policies and practices of the 1950s and 1960s are crucial in light of subsequent increasing inner-city tensions and the 1980 uprising, but also because they broaden our understanding of the pivotal role that cities played in the governance of migration and diversity already during the post-war decades.

More Australian families are choosing to live in private, inner-city, high-rise apartments. To date, the cooking and eating experiences of such families, and how their practices are shaped by the d...

В статье представлено новое исследование остатков рыб и птиц из раскопа XLIV Билярского городища, заложенного с целью изучения крупного кирпичного здания, который располагался в так называемом «Внутреннем городе» – наиболее статусной его части. Целью работы являлся комплексный анализ фаунистических остатков, извлеченных из культурного слоя методом послойного отбора с просеиванием. По костным остаткам и чешуе определено 23 вида рыб с преобладанием остатков крупноразмерных видов: севрюги, судака, стерляди и белорыбицы. Преобладание крупноразмерных видов указывает на то, что промысел велся на Волге и Каме, и основной состав рыб, употреблявшихся на городище, был привозной. Видовой состав птиц высок и разнообразен – 40 видов диких и 3 вида домашних птиц с доминированием домашней курицы. Среди диких птиц интересны находки элементов скелета хищных птиц из отряда Ястребиных и отряда Соколов, что указывает на наличие соколиной охоты на данном местонахождении и его высокий социальный статус. Библиографические ссылки Аськеев И.В., Галимова Д.Н., Аськеев О.В. Ихтиофауна позднего голоцена Средневолжского бассейна (по материалам археологических раскопок) // Зоологический журнал. 2013а. Т. 92. №. 9. С. 1014−1030. Аськеев И.В., Галимова Д.Н., Аськеев О.В. Птицы Среднего Поволжья в V–XVIII вв. н.э. (по материалам археологических раскопок) // Поволжская археология. 2013б. № 3 (5). С. 116–144. Аськеев И.В., Галимова Д.Н., Аськеев О.В. Домашние и дикие птицы из средневековых археологических памятников Среднего Поволжья // Динамика современных экосистем в голоцене / Материалы Третьей Всероссийской научной конференции (с международным участием). Казань: Отечество, 2013в. С. 72–77. Бадеев Д.Ю., Худяков А.В., Шакиров З.Г. Археологические исследования на территории Билярского комплекса в 2016–2017 гг. // Археологические открытия. 2017 год / Отв. ред. Н.В. Лопатин. М.: ИА РАН, 2019. С. 331–334. Галимова Д.Н., Аськеев И.В., Аськеев О.В. Изучение остатков рыб и птиц из археологических раскопок древних городов Биляр, Болгар и Свияжск // Труды IV (XX) Всероссийского археологического съезда в Казани. Т. V. / Отв. ред. А.П. Деревянко, Н.А. Макаров, А.Г. Ситдиков. Казань: Отечество, 2015. С. 35−37. Худяков А.В., Набиуллин Н.Г., Шакиров З.Г., Шорохов М.В. Археологические Раскопки на территории Билярского городища и Балынгузского кладбища в 2018–2019 гг. // Археологические открытия. 2019 год. (В печати). Хузин Ф.Ш., Шакиров З.Г. Археологические исследования на Билярском городище // Археологические открытия. 2015 год / Отв. ред. Н.В. Лопатин. М.: ИА РАН, 2017. С. 326–328. Шаймуратова Д.Н. Особенности изучения субфоссильных остатков рыб и птиц из археологических памятников Среднего Поволжья и их экологическая интерпретация // Российский журнал прикладной экологии. 2016. № 1. С. 8–13. Galimova D.N., Askeyev I.V. and Askeyev O.V. Bird Remains from 5th – 17th Century AD Archaeological Sites in the Middle Volga Region of Russia // International Journal Osteoarchaeology. Special Issue. 2014. P. 347–357. Honka J., Heino M.T., Kvist L., Askeyev I.V., Shaymuratova D.N., Askeyev O.V., Askeyev A.O.,Heikkinen M.E., Searle J.B., Aspi J. Over a thousand years of evolutionary history of domestic geese from Russian archaeological sites, analysed using ancient DNA. 2018. Genes. №9 (7). P. 367. Lebrasseur O., Shaymuratova D., Askeyev A., Asylgaraeva G., Frantz L., Larson G., Askeyev O., Askeyev I. A zooarchaelogical and molecular assessment of ancient Chicken remains from Russia // Поволжская археология. 2021. №1 (35). С. 216–231. Serjeantson D. Birds. Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 512 р.

The method employed in this intervention is an active performance in writing, using the voice of a docent, who guides a small party of the curious, and possibly bewildered, on a walking tour of Auckland’s inner-city monuments. The subject of what gets commissioned, created, and installed under the general heading of a public monument can be placed within the context of the recent and continuing range of disputes and confrontations about monuments—Rhodes in England and South Africa, Civil War statues in the United States, Cook in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article attempts a mediation (not to be misread as a ‘meditation’) of the messages a selection of Auckland’s city monuments send out on a daily basis, subliminal as some of them are. The intention is to carry out a ‘close reading’ of Auckland’s monuments and, hopefully, to alter the wave-length of the light in which the city is bathed.

Magyarorszag nagyvarosaiban es kulonosen Budapesten 2010 es 2020 kozott tobbszori es dinamikus valtozasok kovetkeztek be az egyeni kozlekedes eszkozvalasztasaban. Nagyaranyu emelkedes a kerekparozok kozott volt tapasztalhato előszor, de ez inkabb az evtized első felere volt jellemző, mig a 2010-es evek masodik felere ennek a kozlekedesi modnak a reszaranya tekinteteben inkabb a konstans szintre beallt arany lett a jellemző. Az egyeb egyeni mobilitasi megoldasok is megjelentek. Ezek az eszkozok elsősorban elektromos meghajtassal rendelkeznek, es a jelen jogi szabalyozas szerint nem nevezhetők jarműveknek, hasznalojuk is gyalogoskent vesz reszt a forgalomban, mig menetdinamikajuk, sebesseguk inkabb a kerekparokera jellemző. Ezeknek a berendezeseknek a jelenleg tapasztalhato ternyerese kozlekedesbiztonsagi szempontbol veszelyeket rejthet, emellett pedig a jogi szabalyozas hianyossaga is neheziti a balesetmegelőzesi munkat. A COVID-19 okozta veszhelyzet 2020-ban tovabb bonyolitotta a nagyvarosi kozlekedes mar eddig is valtozo arculatat.Alternate abstract: In the last decade, transportation in Budapest has been changed. There have been multiple and dynamic changes in the choice of individual transportation modes. During the early years of the decade cycling was the popular alternative transportation in the inner city. However, the growth of the modal split of this transportation mode stopped around 2015. In the second part of the decade other individual transportation modes have also been appeared. These are mainly electric devices and according to the Hungarian law cannot be described as vehicles. Their users are also pedestrians while their dynamics and speed are at higher levels. The current proliferation of these devices can be a kind of danger of road safety and the lack of legislation makes the accident prevention more difficult. In 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic has also made an unpredictable effect on the urban transportation.

A single family occupying one residential unit is the typical residential arrangement in cities of the Global North. However, specific communities tend to practice coresidency, wherein several fami...

Shifting deliveries from trucks to cargo bikes is a strategic target in several Sustainable Urban Logistic Plans (SULP). Modal shift on the last mile can be justified by reclaiming urban space for pedestrians and bikes and to improve the amenity of using urban spaces. Complementary private car parking needs to be substantially reduced. Recipient-based delivery strategies can contribute to consolidate deliveries in the inner city and provide modal shift to cargo bikes.

Despite the plethora of research on inner-city policing, little is known about how women experience and make sense of involuntary police encounters. Based upon interviews with women who had their homes raided by police in Toronto’s inner-city, this paper explores how these marginalized women perceive, navigate, and resist normative gender expectations in their interactions with police officers during raids. Our findings demonstrate that women believed officers treated them according to gendered stereotypes, and in response, women strategically deployed gendered presentations in an effort to resist, negotiate, and temper anticipated raid related harms. However, participants’ positionality constrained their efforts.

This study provides a thematic analysis of student transformative experience regarding personal and social change in a service learning (SL) course wherein students volunteer in embedded inner-city...

The process of urban change does not only occur on the outskirts of the city but also in the inner cities in the form of infilling and alterations to existing housing. An observed trend in most cities of the Global South is the concentration and development within the city centres. Using the Wa Municipality as case study, this study seeks to examine the dynamics of inner-city developments. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey and key informant interviews using questionnaires and interview guides, respectively. The findings indicate that inner-city congestion goes through a series of informal processes that lead to alterations of formal urban land plans without statutory approvals. The nature of expansion varies among buildings but largely takes the form of re-engineering of existing houses to create sanitary areas through self-help initiatives that have the potential of creating social and spatial injustices through encroachment in public spaces within the inner cities. A greater extent of this encroachment is led by the emerging upper- and middle-class households in this neighbourhood and subsequently create problems in the use of public spaces as the urban poor are deprived. As the New Urban Agenda has signified a profound opportunity for the planning profession, the results therefore suggest that there is the need for concerted efforts by city planners to prioritise inner cities in their quest to manage urban development.

The objective of this study was to identify the conditions of life of patients with mental and behavioral disorders admitted to a specialized hospital in an inner city in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and their possible relationship with inequities and social exclusion. The information about the conditions of life was gathered through medical records and structured interviews with the patients. The data collected were compared with the recent literature on the subject. We conclude that the conditions of health, life and social vulnerability are associated with changes in family and social relationships, stigma, discrimination and prejudice, and barriers to the exercise of citizenship for these patients. Findings confirm the need for equity in this group's access to the exercise of human rights.

Bike-sharing systems are an important part of many cities’ transportation systems and they are constantly being introduced in more and more cities worldwide. Thus, the strategic decisions for these systems are essential both for their successful operation and the efficient operation of cities’ transportation systems. The present paper aims to develop a methodological approach for determining the optimal locations for installing bike-sharing stations, taking into account the operators’ perspective. Through the developed methodological approach, it is sought to select locations which maximize the demand and the area (built environment) coverage and at the same time minimize the needs for bike redistribution within the day. Thus, the optimal selection of locations for bike-sharing stations is being set as a multi-objective optimization problem. The proposed methodological approach is being applied in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, where a dock-based and a dockless bike-sharing system operate. The results indicate that the selected stations slightly vary based on the assigned weights in each of the three objectives; higher weight in the demand coverage objective results in more selected stations close to the city’s waterfront where bicycling demand is higher, while higher weight in the area coverage results in more selected stations in the inner city.

Automated vehicle technology can be beneficial for many aspects of transport, especially, improving traffic flow stability and efficiency. However, the influence of different automated driving styles on traffic efficiency is still not fully understood. Transport systems are very complex and non-linear, i.e. many participants with different characteristics interact with each other and the aggregated result of their interactions could cause a remarkable change in the entire network. Considering that automated vehicles with different driving styles interact with the environment in different ways, we try to understand the influence of different automated driving styles (e.g., cautious, normal, aggressive) on the important variables in traffic flow theory (e.g., speed) to reveal their impact on network efficiency. Characteristics of these driving styles are extracted by clustering the highD dataset and then, translated into different car-following models for simulation in the SUMO traffic simulator environment. Multiple scenarios of mixed traffic conditions (i.e. ranging different ratios of driving styles) are simulated on the network of Munich inner city.

This article assesses the role of women in family conflict resolution from the perspective of women living in the inner city of Durban. The paper is based on participatory action research. Data was collected using focus group discussions (FGD) with 16 women aged above 30 years. These women were selected randomly through snowball sampling. The findings from the study show that women felt that they were actively taking part in family conflict resolution. This is seen as a result of the shift in gender relations and women’s empowerment. The findings also show that while women felt that they were active participants in the process of family conflict resolution, their participation is restricted, to some extent, by persisting male dominance which leaves limited space for women to participate in it fully. Cultural beliefs and gender inequality were at the center of the impediments to full participation by women in family conflict resolution. Despite these challenges, the participants believed that women are making a positive impact in resolving family conflict. The article posits a number of hypotheses that may inform practice.

Many inner-city neighbourhoods across North America are disproportionately subject to heightened and aggressive policing strategies. Consequently, many inner-city residents have developed strategies to limit their encounters with police. Research examining police–community relationships has traditionally examined how residents perceive and respond to ‘the police’. However, this homogenizes and over-simplifies nuanced processes. Based upon 48 interviews with Toronto inner-city residents, we demonstrate how narratives about allegedly ‘notorious’ officers reveal that residents differentiate between individual officers and modify their behaviours accordingly. This process of officer differentiation—‘cop clockin’—results in strategic responses to specific officers as residents attempt to hinder the potential harms of interactions with ‘notorious cops’. Furthermore, officer complacency raises questions about police legitimacy and strengthening police–community relationships.

This research sought to explore teachers’ experiences with the implementation of the National Standards Curriculum (NSC) in an inner-city primary school in Kingston, Jamaica. The findings revealed that the teachers viewed the NSC as an excellent curriculum that allows students to think critically, connect to real life situations, and develop learning skills for STEM integration.

Background New York’s statewide “Get Screened, No Excuses” campaign has been one of the nation’s most aggressive actions to improve access to breast cancer screening. Inner city and suburban county medical centers’ initiatives were studied to compare outcomes of breast cancer screening and factors that influence access to care. Methods Women delinquent in breast cancer screening one year or greater were offered patient navigator services to aid in timely breast cancer screening. Time-to-event completion rates among different stages of breast cancer screening stages in City and County women were compared. Time-to-event completion rates among different stages of breast cancer screening stages. Results 2505 women aged ≥40 years accepted PN services. Mean (SD) age of patients was 56.2 (10) years. The mean (SD) age of those who completed breast screening vs. those who did not was 56.8 (10) and 52.5 (.9) years, respectively ( P < .01). The rates of screening completion during physical examination, mammography and biopsy stages were 74%, 78% and 100% in City vs. 98%, 85% and 100% in County, respectively ( P < .001). Screening phase was the significant predictor of time to completion for breast cancer screening in Cox regression analysis. Over 85% of women completed the breast cancer screening, 74% in City and 97.6% in County ( P < .001). Discussion Screening phase is an important predictor of time-to complete breast cancer screening. Center location served as the effect modifier of the relationship. The rate of completing the screening was significantly higher and faster among Suburban County compared to Inner City women.

Using the example of the political-planning discourse on former plans to develop a large-scale shopping centre in the inner city of Mainz, the potential benefits of a discourse and governmentality approach to spatial research subjects is discussed. In particular, the discursive discursive mechanisms of inscribing an entrepreneurial and depoliticized conception of urban space into apparently neutral and objective techniques of spatial analysis are worked out. At the same time, this idea of urban space as a competitive entity determined by spatio-economic principles is challenged by competing conceptions of urban development focused on the conservation of place-specific structures of the built environment. Thus, the case study illustrates how discourse analysis can excavate the spatial knowledge structures guiding the management of contemporary urban development projects. --SW: Discourse, Governmentality, Calculation, Urban development, Shopping centres, Compatibility, Mainz

This study aims to identify the various attributes that significantly influence commuters’ decisions as to whether they should use public buses or private motorbikes in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Data were collected for analysis using a face-to-face survey of over 400 participants across a wide range of ages and occupations who use both public transport and private motorbikes in their daily lives. The decision tree technique and Weka software were used for data mining. The results indicate that commuters consider three vital attributes in deciding to stop using their own motorbikes in favor of public buses. The study also identifies decision rules for three commuter groups, including students, workers frequently traveling short-haul routes in the inner city, and workers frequently traveling long distances from the suburbs to the city center. The results are of significance for the identification of feasible measures and strategies to gradually encourage the use of public buses instead of motorbikes.

The inner areas of post-socialist cities are experiencing dynamic transformation. However, changes are often selective and differ between capital, large and provincial cities, and their neighbourho...

This investigational work aims to analyze the body mass index (BMI) of elementary educational institution youngsters aged 7-12 years and to assess inner-city and pastoral youngsters in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan). The target population was elementary educational institution youngsters, of whom 500 were sampled by simple random sampling from educational institutions in both out-city and inner-city locations. Data were collected by height and weight measurements and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Quantitative analysis instruments were employed. A comparative evaluation of the data reflected that the body mass index of inner-city youngsters was substantially better than that of their pastoral counterparts.

This article examines small scale green spaces developed on underutilised land in the inner city, looking at the ways in which familiar domestic outdoor design characteristics have been used for placemaking in what is essentially a commercial setting. Using case studies situated in Adelaide, South Australia, this research explores both the development and characteristics of small commercial or community inner city green spaces, how they have aided revitalisation through imaginative treatments of leftover spaces, and the integration of stories and nostalgia in place creation. One of the potential benefits of nurturing such small scale green interventions in our cities are the impacts on wellbeing, not only for those who are resident in the city, but also for those who work there, study in or visit the city. The focus of the article is an investigation of how three case studies – a café, a bar and a community garden – have brought a sense of home into the commercial centre of the city, specifically in terms of the placemaking and urban design moves that have been employed. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Inner cities have always been the centres of retail in European cities, which withstood many radical changes due to their adaptability. Current developments query the persistence of this adaptability. One key factor is the booming e-commerce. It is increasingly affecting the inner cities as its sales shares are rapidly growing. This raises the question, if inner-city retail locations can find new attractive offers and functions, or if vacancies and trading down effects will threaten them. A loss of inner-city urbanity would be the result – in contrast to the objectives of the Leipzig Charter. Six transformation strategies are recommended; digital services, moderate festivalisation, local community groups, vacancy management, concentration of inner-city retail locations as well as alternative forms of mobility. These strategies should help to increase the sojourn quality of the inner cities and thus their attractiveness. In this way, inner cities can continue to be the central hub, the place of identification and the preferred place to dwell in a city.

Urban revitalization is a complex task, greatly impacted by which stakeholders have the authority to identify and implement revitalization strategies. This article uses the Pruitt Igoe housing development to critique and explore alternatives to a modernist revitalization approach. Pruitt Igoe was built in 1954 on 57 acres of inner city land characterized by an overrepresentation of impoverishment and consisted of 33 identical 11-storey towers. Despite improving the quality of housing for residents of the area, Pruitt Igoe quickly deteriorated into an isolating and dangerous environment for residents. Ultimately, revitalization was not achieved and Pruitt Igoe was demolished just 18 years after construction. Analyzing the case of Pruitt Igoe through the theoretical frameworks of advocacy planning, planning as design, and several concepts from Michel Foucault reveals how inequalities and power differences led to some of the project’s negative outcomes. Using the considerations derived from these frameworks, the article demonstrates why renewed infrastructure alone is often insufficient to achieve effective urban revitalization. This article advocates that ongoing engagement with residents is critical to identify the complex social circumstances that underpin urban decline and create lasting, effective, and inclusive urban revitalization.

The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges to substance misuse services. Patients face a higher risk of infection and transmission to others. Services were required to reconfigure quickly in respons...

Objetivo: Investigar o conhecimento dos alunos de enfermagem sobre o aleitamento materno. Métodos: Abordagem transversal, qualitativa e quantitativa de campo desenvolvido em Universidade particular do interior de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando-se questionário, com 15 perguntas sobre amamentação, distribuí­das em três partes. Foram incluí­das perguntas sobre manejo na amamentação, aspectos legais na proteção ao aleitamento materno e benefí­cios da amamentação para o binômio. Analisou-se os dados por meio da descritiva simples e para as comparações foi utilizado a análise de variância. Resultados: Os alunos de enfermagem do oitavo semestre obtiveram desempenho geral de 81,2% nas respostas corretas, valor estatisticamente superior a uma das turmas do sétimo perí­odo, mas semelhante í outra turma. Assim a turma sétimo A e oitavo tiveram resultados significativos na pesquisa. Conclusão: Apesar do bom conhecimento sobre as vantagens do aleitamento, evidenciou-se conhecimento inferior ao esperado no que se refere ao processo fisiológico do aleitamento materno.

The aim of this study is to assess the nature and space-temporal dynamics of property crimes (theft and robbery) in transport nodes, namely, metro stations and their immediate surrounding areas. The analysis is based on crime data over São Paulo’s metro system from 2010 to 2017. Drawing from environmental criminology theory, the methodology combines geographical information system (GIS) as well as statistical analysis using hypothesis testing and negative binomial regression models. Results show that thefts happen more often inside the station and robberies outside, with signs of possible interaction between these environments. Crime is often highly concentrated in a few inner city and end stations, but it varies depending on location and time. Future research and policy implications of the results add to the contribution of this current study.

The processes of urban regeneration of long-disinvested inner-city neighbourhoods today happening in many European cities sometimes dramatically transform residents’ traditional uses of their public places. Focusing on a neighbourhood renowned for its traditional public place sociability – Mouraria, in Lisbon - this study explored the psychosocial processes that may shape the maintenance of that sociability in the face of increasing social diversification and small-scale gentrification brought about by a mixed/bottom-up regeneration plan. A questionnaire survey (n=201) with two types of residents (‘traditional residents’ and ‘new gentrifiers’) indicated that: a) both types report using Mouraria’s public places for socializing, although traditional residents do so to a greater degree; b) perceived cultural continuity of the neighbourhood is positively related to public place sociability for both groups; and c) this relationship is mediated by both place identification and place knowledge; but d) it is not moderated by type of resident. By implication, we argue that regenerated inner-city neighbourhoods may remain as places of lively public sociability and companionship if residents are able to forge and/or retain a sense of identification with, and intimate knowledge of, the neighbourhood, and view it as maintaining continuity with the past.

BACKGROUND Analyse admissions to Royal Perth Hospital (RPH) with acute small bowel obstruction (SBO), and identify trends between outcomes and management. METHODS Retrospective, single-centre review of patients admitted to RPH with acute SBO, between May 2017 and May 2018. RESULTS A total of 251 admissions met inclusion criteria. Increasing age correlated with increasing total length of stay (LOS) (r = 0.134, P = 0.033) and post-operative LOS (r = 0.349, P

Objectives Early onset sepsis (EOS) incidence has decreased since national guidelines and intrapartum prophylaxis were introduced. However, there has been a rising concern in antibiotic overtreatment for suspicion of EOS. A web-based EOS calculator has recently been used to evaluate the risk in newborns ≥34 weeks. Our purpose was to compare local strategies with the EOS calculator in our setting with an EOS incidence of 2/1000 live births. Methods A retrospective review of all newborns born ≥34 weeks from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017 was completed after receiving IRB approval. We applied the calculator to those eligible using an EOS incidence of 0.6/1000 and 2/1000 live births and divided the patients into four cohorts. The rate of antibiotic use was compared between local evidence-based guidelines and the EOS calculator. Results Of the 1367 newborns included in the study, 679 received antibiotics. Over the 2 years, antibiotic utilization decreased by 38%. The calculator would have recommended antibiotics for 468 patients (31% decrease) for an EOS incidence of 0.6/1000, but with a 2/1000 incidence rate the calculator recommended antibiotics for 673 patients (1% decrease). Conclusions The EOS calculator has been helpful in optimizing antibiotic use, but its use may result in suboptimal treatment without the knowledge of local EOS incidence. Our local antibiotic stewardship guidelines seemed to be comparable to the EOS calculator, especially by the last 6 months of the study period.

Rationale/purpose: Although there have been studies on the impact of families and sport for development (SFD) in regard to youth participants, less is known about parent experiences of SFD. The pur...

Deprivation indexes have been used to analyze various urban contexts in different areas of the world. Argentina offers many examples of fragmented urban realities, as segregation and inequality in the inner city. Our first objective is to examine deprivation in relation to health in the urban Argentinian areas and to propose the Argentina Deprivation Index, extracted from the 2017 Argentina Permanent Household Survey (EPH). Five variables—four related to material and the other to social deprivation—were identified. Subsequently the Adjusted Mazziotta–Pareto Index and a hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to calculate the classes of the index. The results are encouraging, and they allow us to state that the deprivation index proposed explain in a significant way the variability of life expectancy at birth. Even though this study is not free of limitations, these results are expected to be helpful in the formulation of a new approach to the study of the deprivation in Argentina.

Purpose This paper aims to identify the impact that commute patterns pose on construction labour productivity (CLP). There is limited research focussed on the impact of workforce transportation on productivity, even fewer in a construction environment. In particular, this study seeks to fill a gap in the understanding of how commute patterns may influence CLP. Design/methodology/approach Key factors reported affecting CLP were identified through a comprehensive literature review. Data were collected from 27 interviews and observational evidence at construction sites on Auckland Central Business District (CBD). Findings Shortage of skills, communication among workers, shirking behaviour, absenteeism and tardiness were perceived as the most critical labour productivity factors that are influenced by commute patterns. It is considered that stressful commutes may lead to shirking behaviours (absenteeism and calling sick). Meanwhile, ridesharing may encourage communication among workers. Research limitations/implications The study was carried out in a central business district, focussing on a geographic area with its particular characteristics. The results, thus, may not be generalised in general urban settings. Originality/value The research outcomes can be used as guidelines for companies considering travel plans for their employees, to minimise the negative impact commuting can have on workers, especially in industries with low productivity.

This article analyses two intermedial adaptations of works by Beckett for performance in relation to Ágnes Pethő’s definition of intermediality as a border zone or passageway between media, grounded in the “inter-sensuality of perception.” After a discussion of how Beckett’s own practice might be seen as intermedial, the essay analyses the 1996 American Repertory Company programme Beckett Trio, a staging of three of Beckett’s television plays which incorporated live camera projected onto a large screen in a television studio. The second case study analyses Company SJ’s 2014 stage adaptation of a selection of Beckett’s prose texts, Fizzles, in a site-specific, historical location in inner city Dublin, which incorporated projected sequences previously filmed in a different location, a former power station.

This paper explores the livelihoods, experiences and identities of immigrant informal traders and shopkeepers in the Buffalo City Metropolitan area, which encompasses the centres of East London, Md...

This paper explores learning to read for minority children who are emergent readers (aged 6–7). The research took place in a multicultural, multi-faith inner city primary school. The research concerned children learning to read and the meanings they made of the books they learnt to read with. The article concludes that using reader-response with young children can help us understand children’s worlds and lived experiences with reading and learning to read at school. The combination of harnessing reader-response in qualitative, sociological research, which brings together concepts from literature studies, and methodologies from the Sociology of Childhood is a novel approach explored here. The article contributes to new knowledge around the issue of involving children in the teaching and learning of literacy from children’s own perspectives.

Proper management of rainwater in cities has significant impact on improving environmental conditions: improving microclimate of city by regulating the water cycle and reducing heat islands; development of biodiversity; increase health and well-being of residents. The aim of the article is to present the possibilities of improving environmental conditions in compact urban development areas - those that additionally contribute to the shaping of architecture, and thus combine the benefits: ecological, functional, aesthetic. The article draws attention to the synergy of climate change and the new way of developing urban areas which was presented on the example of specific solutions functioning on the transformed urban area: Clichy-Batignolles in central Paris – recognized as a model for environmental solutions, labeled Éco-Quartier. The mentioned conditions and solutions were related to the possibility of shaping urban form, with the obligation to discharge some or all of the rainwater on the building plot. Based on the calculations made for the runoff ratio in individual quarters, it was found that it is possible to maintain a compact urban structure and effectively manage rain water provided that appropriate engineering and urban solutions are applied. These solutions can have architectural value. Conclusions from the analyzes can be used to formulate guidelines for other European cities, which are increasingly faced with the problem of water scarcity and uncontrolled flooding.

Background The Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network developed a prediction model for calculating the likelihood of successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in patients undergoing a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). In this prediction model, Latina ethnicity is considered a negative predictive factor for successful VBAC. Subsequent studies have found mixed results regarding VBAC success in Latina ethnicity. Objective Our aim was to compare the predicted chance of successful VBAC (as calculated using the MFMU prediction model) to actual TOLAC outcomes in a large Latina sample. Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of Latinas who underwent TOLAC at our institution from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016. The MFMU prediction model was used to calculate each participant's predicted success, and the participants were then categorized into three groups based on predicted success: low (65%). The predicted success rates versus actual outcomes were compared among the three groups. Results A total of 567 Latinas met inclusion criteria. Successful VBAC occurred in 476 patients (84%). VBAC was achieved in 65.3% of the low predicted success group, 84.4% of the moderate predicted success group, and 91.7% of the predicted high success group. Actual VBAC success rates exceeded the predicted success rates for the low and moderate groups. Conclusion Our results question whether Latina ethnicity should continue to be considered a negative predictive factor for VBAC success. Our results also suggest that Latinas with a low predicted VBAC success should not necessarily be discouraged from attempting TOLAC.