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The increasing population and anthropogenic activities in cities/regencies in Indonesia have caused many waste-related problems, which can trigger environmental and human health. In addition to population growth, rapid economic development has resulted in an increasing amount and type of waste. The coastal area is one area that still needs to get adequate solid waste services. There have been many studies on waste management. However, research has yet to examine the amount and composition of waste generation in coastal areas that have not been served by waste management.. This study shows the waste generation and composition trend in coastal areas that must be served in waste management and determines the appropriate waste management strategy. This research method uses a transect walk survey carried out by following a predetermined route in the area. Paths are made randomly by forming circles or straight lines for 10 km. The composition of illegal waste dumps found included leaves (69.02%), plastic (15.24%), branches and twigs (9.93%), paper and cardboard (3.75%), food waste (1.97%), and rubber (0.1%). At least 1.59 tonnes/day of illegal waste is estimated in Sidorejo Village. While this figure increases at the district level, the amount of unaccommodated waste is estimated at 19.85 tonnes/day. Efforts to handle waste that can be done are changing the mindset and paradigm of the community through an educational approach, improving the waste management system by providing waste facilities and reducing the amount of waste collected through a simple program (Reuses, Reduces, Recycle) that involves the community.

Eutrophication is a natural phenomenon in aquatic ecosystems that causes algae and other aquatic plants to overproduce. This process can benefit the ecology in tiny amounts, but too many nutrients can generate hazardous algal blooms and kill fish and other aquatic life. To prevent eutrophication and sustain aquatic ecosystems, agricultural waste water like microalgae production wastewater must be treated. The goal of the project is to get nitrogen and phosphorus out of the wastewater from growing microalgae, which is an agricultural waste water. One way to recover nutrients from wastewater is electrocoagulation. This procedure uses an electric current to create microscopic gas bubbles that collect and remove pollutants from wastewater. According to this study, electrocoagulation reduces phosphate and nitrate in microalgae culture wastewater. Phosphate concentration dropped by 90.20% in the 15th minute, while nitrate concentration dropped by 36.19% in the 30th minute. These reductions may be caused by struvite formation and nitrate conversion to nitrogen gas. This study demonstrates that electrocoagulation is a potential technology for recovering nutrients from agricultural waste water and reducing aquatic ecosystem eutrophication.

Latar belakang: Sungai Beringin berbatasan langsung dengan pemukiman yang dapat berpotensi menyediakan berbagai sumber pencemar yang bersumber dari limbah laundry, limbah industri dan limbah domestik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi pencemar dan dibandingkan dengan baku mutu limbah laundry dan untuk mengetahui status mutu air dengan metode indeks pencemaran air Sungai Beringin.Metode: Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiga lokasi sampling di Sungai Beringin yaitu Jembatan Tambakaji, Perumahan griya beringin, dan kelurahan Wonosari. Metode pengambilan sampel mengacu pada SNI 6989.59:2008. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan dengan menggunakan jerigen dan ember sebanyak 1 liter. Sampel air diambil pada waktu pagi dan siang hari. Adapun parameter – parameter yang diamati adalah MBAS, DO, COD, BOD, dan TSS. Pengujian parameter dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Lingkungan UNDIP. Hasil pengujian kualitas air dibandingkan dengan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 mengenai baku mutu air sungai dan ditentukan status mutu kualitas air dengan metode indeks pencemar.Hasil: Debit minimum Sungai Beringin yaitu sebesar 0,18 m3/detik, dan debit maksimum adalah 2,60 m3/detik. Kandungan MBAS tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi sampling drainase yaitu 30,081mg/L. Kandungan kadar terbesar COD adalah 416,67 mg/L dan BOD adalah 129,17 mg/L. Berdasarkan perbandingan hasil analisis dengan baku mutu yaitu kandungan MBAS, COD, dan BOD melebihi nilai baku mutu yang ditentukan. Nilai baku mutu MBAS adalah 5 mg/L, COD adalah 100 mg/L, dan BOD adalah 6 mg/L.Simpulan: Kualitas sungai beringin berstatus tercemar ringan ditunjukkan dengan nilai indeks pencemaran > 1. ABSTRACT Title : Quality Study of Beringin River Water Polluted by Laundry WasteBackground: The Beringin River is directly adjacent to settlements which can potentially provide various sources of pollution from laundry waste, industrial waste and domestic waste. This study aims to determine the concentration of pollutants and compare it with the quality standard of laundry waste and to determine the status of water quality using the Beringin River water pollution index method.Methods: Sampling was carried out at three sampling locations on the Beringin River, namely Tambakaji Bridge, Griya Beringin Housing, and Wonosari Village. The sampling method refers to SNI 6989.59:2008. Water sampling was carried out using a 1 liter botol and bucket. Water samples were taken in the morning and afternoon. The parameters observed were MBAS, DO, COD, BOD, and TSS. Parameter testing was carried out at the UNDIP Environmental Engineering Laboratory. The results of water quality testing are compared with PP No. 22 of 2021 concerning river water quality standards and determining the status of water quality using the pollutant index method.Result: The minimum discharge of the Beringin River is 0.18 m3/second, and the maximum discharge is 2.60 m3/second. The highest MBAS content was found at the drainage sampling location, which was 30,081mg/L. The highest content of COD is 416.67 mg/L and BOD is 129.17 mg/L. Based on the comparison of the results of the analysis with quality standards, namely the content of MBAS, COD, and BOD exceeding the specified quality standard values. The standard value for MBAS is 5 mg/L, COD is 100 mg/L, and BOD is 6 mg/L.Conclusion: The quality of the Beringin river is lightly polluted as indicated by the pollution index value > 1

River debris is the main problem from the negative impact of poor waste management. The composition of river debris in Jakarta consists mostly of plastic waste. Plastic waste from river debris has an opportunity for energy recovery. This study aimed to see the potential for utilizing river debris in energy recovery in power plants. This research was conducted at three sampling shelter points in Pesing, Pluit, and Perintis. Waste generation and composition were quantified using the load count method on Indonesian state standards for seven consecutive days. River debris generation in Pesing, Pluitm, and Pernting averaged 7.2; 3; and 1.8 tons/day. More than 60% (w/w) of plastic bag waste was found in the Pesing and Pluit shelters, while 67.3% was found in the Perintis shelter. Based on the calorific value of each plastic waste, the energy potential from plastic waste recovery can reach 16,197,109 kWh/year. This is equivalent to an electricity supply of 0.05% of the total electricity demand in Jakarta.

Marine debris is one of the global problems due to human activities. One of the biggest loads of marine debris is in the city of Jakarta, namely the Pluit Emplacement. Emplacement Pluit is a special location for managing marine debris in Jakarta, with the largest burden of marine debris problems discharged from urban areas. This study analyses aquatic waste's generation or marine debris, composition, and recycling potential at the Pluit Emplacement. The research process starts with formulating the problem, conducting a literature review, collecting data, and analyzing it under ideal conditions and planning. This research was conducted by sampling for seven consecutive days, and load count analysis to determine the generation and composition of marine debris. The marine debris composition is grouped using a load based on the volume/volume (v/v) ratio. The generation of marine debris in the Pluit Emplacement can reach 230 m3/day or 303.6 tons/day. However, this value is higher than other areas in Jakarta and other areas in Indonesia. The composition of marine debris consists of Straw (PET), Food packaging, Drink cup, PET Bottle, Miscellaneous packaging, Plastic bags (PP), Plastic toys (HDPE), Metal, Styrofoam, biodegradable waste (wood, twigs and leaves) which is 0.1%; 3.1%; 2.2%; 22.5%; 4.0%; 0.7%; 0.8%; 0.6%; 3.1%; and 62.8%, respectively. The level of potential for recycling of Pluit's marine debris is 67.86%, with the greatest potential being from the utilization of biodegradable waste into compost or recycling of plastic waste, especially PET plastic. This considers the absence of previous sustainable marine debris processing. These findings can be one of the considerations for the government in making decisions to carry out appropriate planning according to the characteristics of marine debris, that this research can also be used as consideration for regions and even other countries in the characterization and planning of marine debris management.

Solid waste management on Nusa Penida Island is one of the problems in tourism in Bali Province. To deal with this issue, the government has implemented various policies, where the policy that becomes an essential issue is the processing of energy waste. To support this, it is necessary to study the potential of waste characteristics on the island of Nusa Penida. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of waste on the island of Nusa Penida as an energy source based on the generation and composition of waste. Solid waste generation and composition were measured based on land and marine debris data. The total waste generation on land and marine debris can reach 6364.4 kg/day and 762.8 kg/day, respectively. The waste composition materials consist of masks, plastics, metals, and biodegradable organics with a value of 4.12%, 32.77%, 19.54%, and 43.57%, respectively. Therefore, the potential use of organic biodegradable as solid fuel can reach 51,933.8 MJ/day or 14,426 kWh/day. However, in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test, the residue was 18.6%.

Garang River is administratively located in Semarang Regency, Kendal Regency, and Semarang City. Population growth and the number of community activities around the river can affect the water quality of the Garang River. Wastewater discharged into the Garang River will reduce water quality. The number of pollutants that enter the river changes the quality of river water until it reaches a pollutant level that exceeds the quality standard. The purpose of this study was to determine the self-purification ability of the Garang River using the Streeter-Phelps method based on DO and BOD parameters to obtain an oxygen sag curve for oxygen reduction. There are 3 monitoring stations that are located in the upstream segment of the Garang River. The value of the deoxygenation constant (K) in segment 1 is around 0.340, the reaeration constant (R) is 3.433, and the value of fs = 10.103. While in segment 2. the value of K is 0.335, R is 3.417, and fs is 10.194. It is revealed that segment 1 and segment 2 of the Garang River have not yet experienced optimal natural purification because they are still in the degradation zone.

Di Indonesia, selain sebagai saluran air alamiah, sungai sering pula digunakan sebagai tempat pembuangan air limbah kegiatan rumah tangga (domestik). Penggunaan teknologi yang efisien dan alami merupakan solusi sederhana dan murah untuk mengolah air limbah domestik dengan sistem desentralisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengolah air limbah domestik menggunakan IPAL portabel dengan dimensi kecil, sehingga aplikatif untuk skala rumah tangga. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Lingkungan, Departemen Teknik Lingkungan, Universitas Diponegoro selama 3 bulan. Metode penelitian menggunakan IPAL portabel untuk mengolah air limbah domestik skala rumah tangga dengan sistem kontinu. Limbah domestik berasal dari kantin kampus Universitas Diponegoro. IPAL portabel menggunakan sistem kombinasi anaerob-aerob yang dilengkapi dengan bak penampung limbah awal, bak penangkap lemak dan bak efluen. Waktu tinggal hidrolis atau Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) dilakukan pada 3 variasi yaitu 4 jam, 8 jam dan 12 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi amoniak mengalami penurunan terbesar pada HRT 12 jam dengan efisiensi penyisihan sebesar 60%. Konsentrasi awal sebesar 40,99 mg/l turun menjadi 16,4 mg/l. Konsentrasi Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan minyak & lemak juga mengalami penurunan terbesar pada HRT 12 jam, masing-masing turun sebesar 71% dan 91% dari konsentrasi awal. IPAL portabel ini paling efektif dalam menyisihkan minyak & lemak.

Mikroorganisme merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam proses Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) untuk degradasi bahan organik dan transfer elektron. Pemilihan sumber mikroorganisme menjadi metode yang paling sederhana untuk dikaji sebagai informasi awal ketersediaan dan identifikasi jenis mikroorganisme yang mendukung proses SMFC. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memilih sumber mikroorganisme tanah, septic tank dan sedimen sungai yang tepat digunakan dalam proses SMFC berdasarkan jenis dan volume sampah, power density, dan efisiensi penurunan COD. Kajian ini didasarkan pada hasil penelitian menggunakan reaktor SMFC tipe single chamber microbial fuel cell dengan variabel jenis dan volume sampah , serta sumber mikroorganisme. Metode perbandingan secara kuantitatif dilakukan berdasarkan kecenderungan nilai power density dan efisiensi penurunan COD tertinggi di antara jenis dan volume sampah kantin, dedaunan dan komposit kantin-dedaunan. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah sumber mikroorganisme tanah dan sedimen sungai tepat digunakan untuk volume sampah 1/3 dan 2/3 dari volume reaktor, sedangkan sumber mikroorganisme septic tank tepat digunakan untuk volume sampah 1/3 dan 1/2 dari volume reaktor. Sumber mikroorganisme dari septic tank menunjukkan kinerja power density dan efisiensi penurunan COD yang lebih rendah dibandingkan sumber mikroorganisme tanah dan sedimen sungai.

An alternative material that could be used as a liner, which can avert the heavy metal migration from landfill to soil, is the combination between bentonite and zeolite. This study aims to analyze the Pb2+ adsorption capacity of the liner and permeability of bentonite with the addition of zeolite in several percentages. There were four different types of composite in the experiment, such as pure bentonite (BZ0), bentonite + zeolite 2% (BZ2), bentonite + zeolite 5% (BZ5), and bentonite + zeolite 8% (BZ8). Bentonite and zeolite composite was inserted into a cylindrical reactor, which was compacted to adjust the condition of the study to be similar with existing condition in the landfill. This study was conducted until the leachate produced and lead concentration was tested using samples from the liner and leachate in the outlet. The results showed that the highest efficiency of lead reduction was obtained from BZ8 with the percentage of 95.2%, while the highest permeability coefficient was found in BZ8 with the value of 7.76 x 10−11 cm/s. The addition of zeolite has been proven to be able to reduce the lead concentration of leachate, but it increased the possibility of leakage.

Jumlah penduduk yang meningkat juga meningkatkan jumlah kebutuhan energi. Namun, sumber daya yang tersedia juga semakin berkurang. Sehingga perlu digantikan dengan energi yang baru. Sampah yang meningkat dan pengolahan yang sangat sedikit dapat dijadikan sumber energi yang baru bagi masyarakat dengan konsep waste to energy (WTE). Salah satunya yaitu dengan mengubah sampah menjadi bahan baku RDF (refuse-derived fuel). RDF merupakan salah satu teknik penanganan sampah dengan mengubah sampah menjadi sesuatu yang bermanfaat yaitu bahan bakar. Sampah sangat berpotensi menjadi bahan baku RDF terutama organik dan plastik sebagai sampah yang mudah terbakar (combustible). Sampah tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku RDF dengan cara menganalisis nilai kalor yang dihasilkan. Untuk menganalisis nilai kalor pada sampah combustible zona aktif II TPA Jatibarang dapat dilakukan dengan cara pengujian sampel sebanyak 100 gram dengan alat bom kalorimeter. Sampel tersebut diambil pada kedalaman 0-3 m dengan metode random sampling. Kemudian akan didapat nilai kalor tinggi yang dihasilkan sampel tersebut. Nilai Kalor Tinggi yang dihasilkan sampel tersebut sebesar 5,69 kkal/ton pada kedalaman 0-1 m, 6,07 kkal/ton pada kedalaman 1-2 m dan 5,94 kkal/ton pada kedalaman 2-3 m. Nilai kalor tinggi yang dihasilkan sampah combustible tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah kedalaman sampah maka akan semakin tinggi nilai kalor yang dihasilkan dan sampah tersebut berpotensi sebagai bahan baku RDF.

Peningkatan jumlah timbulan sampah menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan lahan pada TPA Jatibarang. Untuk menghindari terjadinya kekurangan lahan perlu dilakukan penanganan pada sampah yakni dengan mengubah sampah menjadi sumber energi seperti bahan baku RDF (Refused Derived Fuel). RDF merupakan salah satu teknik penanganan sampah dengan mengubah sampah menjadi sesuatu yang bermanfaat yaitu bahan bakar. Sampah tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku RDF dengan cara menganalisis nilai kalor yang dihasilkan. Untuk menganalisis nilai kalor pada sampah combustible zona pasif TPA Jatibarang dapat dilakukan dengan cara pengujian sampel sebanyak 100 gram dengan alat bom kalorimeter. Sampel tersebut diambil pada kedalaman 0-3 m dengan metode random sampling. Kemudian akan didapat nilai kalor tinggi yang dihasilkan sampel tersebut. Nilai Kalor Tinggi yang dihasilkan sampel tersebut sebesar 5,25 kkal/ton pada kedalaman 0-1 m, 5,76 kkal/ton pada kedalaman 1-2 m dan 6,31 kkal/ton pada kedalaman 2-3 m. Nilai kalor tinggi yang dihasilkan sampah combustible tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah kedalaman sampah maka akan semakin tinggi nilai kalor yang dihasilkan dan sampah tersebut berpotensi sebagai bahan baku RDF.

One of the results of the water treatment process is the sludge. Generally, the processed sludge from the water treatment is collected and delivered to a landfil. With the delivery of sludge waste, it requires additional cost as a levy in handling sludge waste. Therefore, it is needed to innovate on the recycling of sludge. The waste recycling process is expected to minimize the residual impact of the Water Treatment Plant. The process of waste recycling can be done by utilizing sludge from water treatment, which is brick making process. The benefits can eliminate environmental problems and also some economic problems. This study aims to determine the potential of sludge from water treatment plant to be added for brick making by investigating the physical and characteristics of sludge. The research findings show that sludge waste has the potential to become a brick raw material depending on the nature and clay microstructure

Wastewater of energy drink type of powder produced when the the production equipment required cleaning treatment to produce one taste to others. These equipments washed by water, so that, it produced wastewater. It contains high organic substances and classified as high degradable due to food product. The content of wastewater is high carbon and nitrogen substances. Microalgae is an autotrophic microorganism, live without carbon presence, utilized to digest the substances in wastewater especially for nitrogen substances. Spirulina sp is the type of microalgae selected to utilize the wastewater of energy drink, the selection criteria is the size of Spirulina sp is relatively large and easy to separated from its solution. The experiment conducted by cultivate the seeding microalgae with certain nutrients until the certain volume. The synthetic wastewater obtained from one of energy drink type of powder with commercial brand as Kuku Bima Ener-G, the wastewater concentration selected under the close to the real condition of wastewater as basis of COD measurement (6 sachet/L or COD of 12.480mg/L) and aqueous concentration (1 sachet/L or COD of 2080mg/L). The batch experiments with 1L volume conducted and with variable of percent volume of wastewater added in order to observe the growth of microlagae. The response of the microalgae growth obtained by increasing the optical density of the microalgae solution and continued by calculation for the growth rate of microalgae. The result of the experiments indicated that for the aqueous concentration (1 sachet/L or COD of 2080mg/L) the optimum added of wastewater is 40 % with growrate of 0.55/day while for the concentrated wastewater (6 sachet/L or COD of 12.480mg/L), the optimum condition is 25 % wastewater added with growth rate of 0.43/day.